英语国家概况期末复习.doc

Canada
Unitl
1 • Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F
2.Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T
3.Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T
4.The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T
5.The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F
6.Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T
7.Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F
8.The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F
9.Toronto is the world? s largest French-speaking city outside France. F
10.Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F
1 • Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal ”，make up __ C ____ p ercent of the total population in Canada.
A.1.5
B.2
C. 4.4
D. 3.5
2.Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude ________ C ______ north.
A.40°
B.45°
C.49°
D.50°
3.There may be as many as ______ C _____ lakes in Canada.
A. 1 million
B. 1.5 million C・ 2 million D. 2.5 million
4.The largest lake wholly within Canada is __ B _____ .
A. Lake Superior
B. the Great Bear
C. the Great Slave
D. Lake Huron
5.____ A ____ i s the largest river in Canada in volume of water;
A. The St. Lawrence
B. The Mackenzie
C. The Yukon
D. The Saskatchewan
6.The largest island in Canada is _____ B ____ .
A. Manitoulin Island
B. Baffin Island
C. Victoria Island
D. Newfoundland
7.The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT __ D ____ •
A. Alberta
B. Saskatchewan
C. Manitoba
D. Quebec
8.__ C ___ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.
A. Spanish
B. French
C. Chinese
D. English
9.__ B ___ w ere beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.
A. Ontario and Quebec
B. British Columbia and Alberta
C・ Saskatchewan and Manitoba D. Nunavut and Northwest Teiritories 10._____ C ______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.
A. Northwest Territories
B. Yukon
C. Nunavut
D. Saskatchewan
Unit2
1 • The fir st group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T
2.Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F
3.Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T
4.Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T
5.Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F
6.William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada" s longest-serving prime ministe匚T
7.In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T
8.Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T
9.Conservative Party' s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country' s 22nd Prime Minister. F
1.The name u Canada" is believed to be derived from “kanata笃an Indian word meaning _C ____ .
A. a guitar
B. a meeting place
C. a settlement D・ a piece of land
2.Who was the first French to discover Canada? B
A. John Cabot.
B. Jacques Cartie匚
C. Samuel de Champlain.
D. Henry Hudson.
3.Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? C
A. John Cabot.
B. Jacques Cartier.
C. Samuel de Champlain.
D. Henry Hudson.
4.In 1774, the British passed _A _____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.
A. the Quebec Act
B. the Treaty of Paris
C. the Constitution Act of 1791
D. the Act of Union
5.When was Canada given internal self-government? C
A. In 1791.
B. In 1840.
C. In 1848.
D. In 1867.
6.Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? A
A. Sir John Macdonald.
B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.
C. Robert Borden.
D. Mackenzie King.
7.In 1905, ___ C ___ were carved out of the Northwest Territories•
A. Ontario and Quebec
B. Manitoba and British Columbia
C. Alberta and Saskatchewan
D. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island
8.In 1967, ___ B ___ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.
A. "God Save the Queen n
B. "O Canada,^
C ・"Advance Canada Fair” D. “God Defend Canada 95
9. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? A
A. 1969
B. 1970
C. 1976
D.1980
10. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a __________ C ___ referendum.
A. 1980
B. 1990
C.1995
D. 2000
Unit3
1. Saskatchewan is the world's largest producer of potash. F
2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F
3. One-half of Canada" s wheat is grown in Alberta. F
4. Canada is the world' s largest producer of newsprint. T
5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F
6. Canada is the world' s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T
7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada" s total value of manufacturing shipments. F
8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada" s exports. F
9. In the services sector, Canada' s exports exceed its imports. F
10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F
1. Which of the following is NOT Canada" s waterway? B
A. The St. Lawrence.
B. The Mississippi.
C. The Great Lakes-
D. The Mackenzie.
2. Almost ___ A ____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.
A. half B ・ one-third C. two-thirds D. three-quarters
3. British Columbia ranks ______ A _____ in the productivity of forests in Canada.
A. first
B. second
C. third
D. fourth
4. Most of the Canada' s farmland is located in ___ B ___ .
A. the Atlantic Provinces
B. the Prairie Provinces
C. Quebec
D. Ontario
5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT _____________________ D _____ .
A. cod
B. crab
C. lobster
D. salmon
6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between the
French and British for control of the profitable___ C ____ .
9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world' s population, but accounts for ______ A __ of total exports in world trade. B. farmlands
C ・ fur trade D. tobacco plantation
7. Canada is the world ，
s largest D
A. uranium
B. zinc
C ・ potash
8. Canada is the world' s D exporter of the following EXCEPT D. nickel —largest exporter of oil.
C. sixth
D. tenth
A. mining industry A.second
B. fourth
A.4%
B. 5%
C. 6%
D. 7%
10.Canada" s largest trading partner is ___ B ____ .
A.Great Britain
B. the United States
C. Japan
D. Germany
Uint4
1.In Canada temtories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F
2.Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F
3.In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T
4.The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F
5.The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T
6.The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Ministe匚T
7.The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T
8.In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F
9.The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F
10.The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F
1.Canada is a federation of _________ C ______ provinces and _______________ territories.
A.six / two
B. eight / four
C. ten / three
D. twelve / four
2.________ C _________ c ut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.
A. The BNA Act
B. The Meech Lake Accord
C. The Constitution of 1982
D. The referendum in 1995
3.The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the _____ A __________ •
A. Charter of Rights and Freedoms
B. Statute of Westminster
C・ Canada Act D. Constitution Act
4.Canada is divided into __________ B _______ districts, called “ridings，，or "constituencies^.
A. 105
B. 308
C. 650
D. 100
5.There are _____ A _______ S enators in Canadian Parliament.
A. 105
B. 308
C. 650
D. 100
6.Quebec has a _____ B _____ system based on the _____________ law system.
A. criminal-law / French
C. criminal-law / British
7.In Canada, general elections must B. civil-law / French D. civil-law / British
be held at least once every __________________________________ D ________ .
A.two years
B. three years
C. four years
D. five years
& The third party with a tradition of national support is ______ B ________ .
A. the Democratic Party
B. the New Democratic Party
C. the Labour Party
D. the Socialist Party
9.In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the ____ B _______ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.
A. the New Democratic Party
B. Canadian Alliance
C. Reform Party
D. Liberal Party
10.Canada' s system of political parties is characterized by the following
EXCEPT _____ D _______ .
A. two major parties
B. one-party rule
C.division between federal and provincial party system
D.two-and-a-half party system
Uint5
1.Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T
2.Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T
3.Religion has been an important influence in Canada' s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. T
cation systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Quebec, French traditions. T
5.Although lacrosse is Canada T s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T
6.It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T
7.Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F
1.In _C ___ , the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.
A. 1969
B. 1970
C. 1971
D. 1972
2.As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___ B _____ .
cation is very important to Canadians
cation is a provincial responsibility
C.most Canadians live in towns and cities
D.most Canadians speak English
3.According to _C __ ，Canada' s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.
A.Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act
B.Medical Care Act
C.Canada Health Act
D.Canada Health and Social Transfer program
4._A _____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charter
A.McGill University
B. Universite du Quebec
C. University of Toronto
D. University of British Columbia
5.The federal Department of Environment was established in _C ____ •
A. 1969
B. 1970
C.1971
D.1972
6.The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in __ A ____ .
A. 1969
B. 1970
C. 1971
D. 1972
7.Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ___ C __ •
A. 1975
B. 1976
C. 1977
D. 1978
8.July 1, which was known as "Dominion Day” , became "Canada Day” in
___ c ____ .
A. 1867
B. 1879
C. 1982
D. 1985
9.In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ___ B ____ .
A. the first Monday in October B・ the second Monday in October
C. the fourth Thursday in November
D. the final Thursday in November
Australian
Unitl
1.Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under" because it lies south of the equat o 匚T
2.Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T
3.Australia" s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea・ F
4.Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F
5.The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south ・ T
ke Eyre, Australia" s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T
7.Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F
& New South Wales is called “the premier state5; because it has the largest population. F 9.Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country' s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F
10.The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F
1.With regard to its size, Australia is ____ D _______ country in the world.
A. the third largest
B. the fourth largest
C. the fifth largest
D. the sixth largest
2.Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested ________ A ______ .
A. southeast coastland
B. southwest coastland
C. northeast coastland
D. northwest coastland
3.Australia is politically divided into ____ D ________ states and ______________
territories.
A.four / three
B. five / two
C. six / three
D. six / two
4.The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______ B _____ .
A. Darwin
B. Perth
C. the Gold Coast
D. Brisbane
5.Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its
_____ D _________ ・
A. wine
B. beautiful scenery
C. valuable minerals
D. arts festival
6.Tasmania is an island which lies _B __ o f the Australian mainland.
A. north of the northeastern corner
B. south of the southeastern comer
C. east of the northeastern corner
D. west of the southeastern corner
7._______ A _______ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.
A. The Northern Temtory
B. Western Australia
C・ South Australia D・ Queensland
8.The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of ________ C ______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.
A. South Australia
B. Western Australia
C. Queensland
D. Tasmania
9.Torres Strait Islanders come from ______ C _______ .
A. mainland Australia
B. Tasmania
C.the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New Guinea
D.the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef
10.Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the _______ C ____ .
A. Golden Age
B. Genesis C・ Dream time D. Five Suns
Unit2
1.The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlers
in 1788. F
2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T
3.Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T
4.The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F
5.The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F
6.The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F
7.After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia" s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T
& In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T
9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F
1.Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by ______ A ________ .
A.the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwards
B.the wars among different Aboriginal tribes
C.bush fires, floods and droughts
D.the development of science and technology
2.Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of
____ c _______ .
A.the European way of living
B.the firearms of the white settlers
C.the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlers
D.the wars among different Aboriginal tribes
3.It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia" s shores were
____ D ________ .
A. the Dutch
B. the English C・ the Germans D. the Spanish and Portuguese
4.In 178& Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded
___ c _____
A. to receive free settlers
B. to supply Britain with wool and food
C. to receive convicts from Britain D・ to expand Britain" s imperial
power
5.Australia' s national day, Australia Day, is on ________ C _________ ・
A. 1 January
B.18 January
C. 26 January
D. 31 January
6.___ A ____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.
A. Melbourne B・ Sydney C. Canberra D. Brisbane
7.Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? B
A.Australia became an independent country・
B.Australia had its own head of state.
C.After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.
D.Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.
8.In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through _________ B _________ .
A. the ANZAC
B. the ANZUS
C. the ANZG
D. the ANA
9.Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT
________ D _________ .
A. foreign relations
B. race relations
C・ women' s rights D. establishing a republic
10.In __ B ___ ，the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.
A. 1998
B. 1999
C. 2000
D. 2001
Unit3
1. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T
2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T
3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T
4. Agriculture generates only 10%—15% of Australia" s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country' s economy. F
5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T
6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T
7. The main feature of Australians trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T
8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australians trading patterns and international economic relations. T
9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T
1 .Australia is the world' s largest exporter of ___ B __ ・
A. wheat
B. wool
C. meat
D. dairy products
2. ___ A ____ i s the country' s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.
A. Wheat
B. Sugar
C. Corn
D. Rice
3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ___ C __ of Australia" s land area was native forest.
4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the __ A. first B. second C. third
5. Manufacturing now contributes about —C
A. one-third B ・ one-sixth
9. Australia' s telecommunications and IT market is the _D _____ largest in the world.
A. third
B. sixth
C. eighth
D. tenth
10. Today, Australia" s largest trading partner is —C ___ ・
A. one-third
B. one-fourth
C. one-fifth
D. one-sixth C __ in size in the world. D. fourth
___ to Australia J s GDP.
C. one-eighth
D. one-tenth
6. Australia boasts the world s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT _D 「.
A. lead
7. __ B __ traditionally production. A. South Australia C ・ Queensland & Australia ranks the___ A. first B. uranium has A_ B.second C. silver D. gold the largest share by value of total national mineral B. Western Australia D. Northern Territory in diamond production in the world. C. third D. fourth
A. Japan
B. the United States
C. China D・ the United Kingdom
Unit4
1.Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T
2.Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F
3.The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T
4.The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F
5.In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F
6.Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T
7.The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T
1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____ D __ .
cation
B. transport
C. health services
D. defense
2.In Australia, each state has __ D ___ S enators.
A.2
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12
3.Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? C
A. New South Wales
B. Victoria
C. Queensland
D. Western Australia
4.Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D ___ •
A.the Australian Labor Party was formed
B.the Liberal Party was formed
C.Australians began to vote in the federal elections
D.Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal
5.Australia" s oldest surviving political party is __ C ___ •
A. the Liberal Party
B. the Country Party
C. the Australian Labor Party
D. the Australian Democrats
6.In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ______ B _____ since 1923.
A. the Australian Labor Party
B. the National Party
C. the Australian Democrats
D. the Progress Party
7.The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to _ C ___ .
A. the Federal Court
B. the Supreme Court
C. the High Court
D. the Family Court
Unit5
1.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T
2.When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the
“ White Australia policy ” was a cornerstone of the new nation' s policies. T
3.In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism in
recent years, and such debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F
4.Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo・Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T
5.As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T
6.In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F
7.The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F
8.Herald Sun. published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F
9.The No.l watched sport in Australia is soccer. F
1.Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT
________ D _______ .
A.to speak their own language
B. to keep their own lifestyles
C. to maintain their own customs
D. to make their own laws
2.The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ___ D—・
A.in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countries
B.humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countries
C.Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of Asia
n countries are more prosperous than Australia
3.The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to _D ___ .
A. 1966
B. 1970
C. 1972
D. 1973
4.The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the _B ______ Government.
A. Whitlam
B. Fraser
C. Hawke
D. Keating
5.In Australia, school education is compulsory until age __ C ___ .
A. 12
B. 14
C. 15
D. 18
6.The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is _d __ .
A. the Radio School
B. the Net School
C. the Flying School
D. the School of the Air
7.Among Sunday papers, —A ____ is the most widely circulated.
A. Sun Telegraph
B. Sunday Sun
C. Herald Sun
D. Sunday Mail
8.ANZAC Day on _C ____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.
A. April 20
B. April 22
C. April 25
D. April 26
9.The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in _C ____ .
A. Sydney
B. Melbourne
C. Perth
D. Canberra
New Zealand
Unitl
1.New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F
2.New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T
3.New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F
4.The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T
5.The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F
6.New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T
7.Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand s weather is not changeable. F
& New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an "ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models： T
9.About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F
10.A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F
1 • New Zealand is situated about 1,600 km __ B ___ .
A. northwest of Australia
B. southeast of Australia
C. northeast of Australia
D. southwest of Australia
2.The largest Lake in New Zealand is __ B __ •
A. Lake Te Anau
B. Lake Taupo
C. Lake Wakatipu
D. Lake Wanaka
3.The highest peak in New Zealand is __ B __ •
A. Mount Tasman
B. Mount Cook
C. Mount Dampier
D. Mount Ruapehu
4.The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT __ B ___ .
A. Ruapehu
B. Mt. Cook
C. Ngaurohoe
D. Tongariro
5.The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are _C ____ •
A. storms and earthquakes
B. volcanoes and floods
C. earthquakes and volcanoes
D. floods and storms
6.___ B __ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.
A. Emu
B. Kiwi
C. Weka
D. Pukeko
7.What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? D
A. 50%.
B. 67%.
C. 73%.
D. 80%.
8.The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT —A ___ .
A.the concentration of mineral resources in the north
B.the milder climate in the north。