英美文学史(英国)知识点汇总

英美文学期末复习

Chapter 1 The Old and Medieval Period 中古时期

An Introduction ：

❖最早的英国居民：Celts

❖In 43AD , Roman conquered Britain, making the latter a province of Roman Empire.

公元43年，罗马征服英国，将其变成罗马帝国的一个省份。

❖In 449 Jutes came to Britain to settle there. Following the Jutes came Angles and Saxons. 449年，朱特人定居英国，紧跟着是安格鲁和撒克逊人。

❖Germanic means the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes.

日耳曼族包括了安格鲁、萨克逊和朱特人。

❖Anglo-Saxon poetry is bold and strong, mournful and elegiac in spirit.

安格鲁撒克逊诗歌大胆而有力，悲伤且忧郁。

❖These tribes from Northern Europe together created the united kingdom--Anglo-Saxon England ("Angle-land").

这些来自北欧的部落创建了联合王国--安格鲁撒克逊英格兰(in 449)

❖Their dialects naturally grew into a single language called Angle-ish or English, the ancestor of the present-day English.

他们的方言自然而然地成为了一种单一的语言--盎格鲁语或者英语。

❖The old English were divided into two groups: ①religious group ②secular group

古英语诗歌被分成两类：①宗教②世俗

❖The religious group is mainly on biblical theme.

宗教诗歌通常以圣经为主题。

❖Beowulf is the greatest national epic poem.

贝奥武夫是最伟大的民族史诗。

❖1066, Norman Conquest.

1066年，诺曼人征服英格兰。

❖Norman conquest of Anglo-Saxon England, under William, Duke Of Normandy after the battle of Hasting in 1066, accelerated the development of feudalism in England.

诺曼人征服了安格鲁撒克逊英格兰，在诺曼底公爵威廉的带领下，加速了英格兰的封建主义发展。

❖Norman Conquest established a feudal system in England.（Politically）

诺曼征服在英格兰建立了封建主义体制。（政治上）

❖The Rome-backed Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.

（Religiously）

受罗马支持的天主教堂权力超过了国家权力。（宗教上）

❖With the Norman Conquest, the medieval period of English literature started.

随着诺曼征服，中世纪英语文学诞生了。

❖The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.

诺曼人带来英格兰的文学以其光明、浪漫爱情故事和冒险著称。

❖Romance, which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds, is popular literary form in the medieval period.

那些使用叙述诗和三问来歌颂骑士冒险和其他英雄事迹的传奇文学，在中古世纪的文学中广受欢迎。

❖The structure of Romance is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.传奇文学的写作结构：松散&插话式；语言：简朴&直接

❖Three major theme of Romance:

传奇文学的三个主要主题：

①The matter of France: about Charlemagne and his peer/knights

关于法国：查理曼大帝和他的骑士

②The matter of Greece and Rome: about Alexander the great and the Trojan War and the fall of Troy.

关于希腊罗马：亚历山大帝、特洛伊战争和特洛伊之衰亡

③The matter of Britain: King Arthur and his Round Table Knight.

关于大不列颠：亚瑟王和他的圆桌骑士

❖The author of Sir Gawain and Green Knight is the one who produced the best romance of the period.

高文爵士和绿衣骑士的作者创造了该时期最好的传奇文学。

❖Old English poetry was divided into two groups: The religious group & The secular group.

中古世纪代表文学人物：Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower

传奇文学的特点：

The Nature of the Romance: 与贵族相关

1）Themes: Loyalty to the king and the lord, which was the corner-stone of

feudal morality.

2）The audience was of noble people from the court or the castle.

3）The Romance had nothing to do with the common people.

4）The Romance were written for the noble, of the noble and in most cases by the

poets patronized by the noble

Folk Ballads 民谣

A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of British and Irish popular poetry and song from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later North America, Australia and North Africa.

歌谣是一种体裁，通常是音乐的一种叙述。从中世纪后期到19世纪，歌谣是英国和爱尔兰流行诗歌和歌曲的显著特征，并且在欧洲被广泛使用，一直到后来的北美，澳大利亚，北非。Its stylistic features have derived from their oral nature:

民谣的文体风格源自于他们的口语性：

1.the simple language;

简单的语言

2.its wonderful story which deals only with the culminating incident or climax of a plot.

精彩的故事（只涉及情节的高潮和结局）

3.its dominant mood or tone.

显著的情感基调和语调

4.full use of hyperbole.