高中英语选修6Unit 2重点梳理和练习

话题词汇
1．poetry n．诗歌
2．poet n．诗人
3．rhyme n．韵脚；押韵
4．transform v．转化；改造
5．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
6．be popular with受……欢迎
7．take one’s advice接受某人的建议
8．be made up of由……构成
9．give sb.a deep impression给某人一个深刻的印象
10．translate...into...把……翻译成……
话题佳作
Wendy是你的美国笔友，非常喜欢中国文化，故给你(张伟)写信想了解唐诗。

请你根据下列要点提示给她写一封回信，对唐诗加以介绍：
1．形式多样：有古体诗和近体诗。

就字数来看基本上有五言和七言两种。

2．题材广泛：反映社会状况，描绘风景等。

3．著名诗人：……
佳作欣赏
Dear Wendy，
I’m so glad to receive your letter.And it is really a coincidence that you asked me about the Tang poems，and I just have learnt something about them.
The Tang poems are various in forms and subjects.Generally speaking，they can be divided into two groups—classical poems and modern poems.Not only the length of a line but also the length of a poem is limited to a certain number of words.There are often four or eight or twelve
lines with five or seven words in each line.Poets wrote poems for different purposes，for example，exposing the darkness of the society and describing the beautiful scenes.
There were many famous poets during the Tang Dynasty，such as Li Bai，Du Fu and Bai Juyi.If you want to read more，the book 300 Tang Poems is a good choice，which includes poems of many well­known poets.After reading them，you will have a better understanding of the Tang poems.
Yours sincerely，
Zhang Wei 名师点睛
本文符合题目要求，条理清楚，增加的细节恰到好处，句子结构把握准确，较好地运用了各种句式，如主语从句、状语从句、定语从句等，generally speaking，not only...but also...，be limited to，such as等关联词组和高级词汇的运用使文章表达更加流畅。

Ⅰ.写作必记单词
1．convey v t.传达；运送
2．flexible adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
3．salty adj.含盐的；咸的
salt n．盐
4．eventually ad v.最后；终于
5．transform v i.&v t.转化；转换；改造；变换
6．bare adj.赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的；n.最基本的要素
7．exchange n．交换；交流；互换；v t.&v i.调换；交换
8．sponsor n．赞助人；主办者；倡议者；v t.发起；举办；倡议
9．warmth n．暖和；温暖
warm adj.温暖的；暖和的
10．load n．负担；负荷物(尤指沉重的)
Ⅱ.阅读识记单词
11．concrete adj.具体的
12．pattern n．模式；式样；图案
13．tease v i.&v t.取笑；招惹；戏弄
14．endless adj.无穷的；无止境的
15．minimum n．最低限度；最少量；最小数
16．translation n．翻译；译文
translate v．翻译
17．branch n．枝条；支流；部门
18．sorrow n．悲伤；悲痛；懊悔
19．forever ad v.永远
20．section n．部分；节；切下的块
21．appropriate adj.适当的；正当的
22．diploma n．毕业文凭；学位证书
23．blank n．空白；adj.空白的；茫然的
24．bride n．新娘
25．championship n．冠军称号
26．darkness n．黑暗；漆黑
dark adj.黑暗的
27．scholarship n．奖学金；学问；学术成就
scholar n．学者；奖学金获得者
语境活用[用所给词的正确形式填空]
1．Walking through the rooms and talking with the owners，a nice elderly couple，we felt the warmth(warm) and happiness of the marriage within that home.(2015·天津)
2．With 97% of the world’s water too salty(salt) to be drunk or used in agriculture，the worldwide supply of water needs careful management，especially in agriculture. 3．Eventually(eventual)，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for application.(2014·广东)
4．The dark(darkness) cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighborhoods simply disappeared for a few days.(2016·江苏)
5．Spelling benefits the translation(translate) from words into ideas.
6．The subway is part of Beijing’s transformation(transform) to a more urbane metropolis.
1．take it easy轻松；不紧张；从容
2．run out of用完
3．be made up of由……构成
4．give sb.a strong impression给某人一个深刻的印象
5．make sense讲得通；有意义
6．be popular with受……的欢迎
7．by chance偶然；碰巧
8．in particular尤其；特别
9．try out测试；试验
10．let out发出；放走
语境活用[运用上述短语完成片段]
Just 1.take it easy(不要紧张) when you are 2.running out of(用光) money.Anyone in our class will help those in need，let alone you are our classmate.Our class，which 3.is made up of(由……组成) fifty­five students，is very harmonious,4.in particular(尤其) in our daily life.
1．the reason why...
There are various reasons why people write poetry.
人们写诗的原因是多种多样的。

仿写我们冒险的原因可能与早期的人类有关。

(2016·北京)
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.
2．状语从句的省略
And said though strange they all were true.
而且他说虽然这有些离奇，但却真实。

仿写几个月后，吃东西时，她甚至会背对着我。

(2015·四川)
A few months later，while eating，she would even turn her back to me.
3．虚拟条件句中的省略
Should the traveler return，this stone would utter speech.行人归来石应语。

仿写要是早知道时间表的话，可能会省去我一些麻烦。

(2015·江苏)
It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule.
exchange n．交换；互换；交流；兑换
v．调换；交换；交流；兑换
(1)It’s traditional for the two teams to exchange shirts after the game.
比赛后两个球队交换球衣是传统。

(剑桥词典)
(2)He exchanged a quick smile with her and then entered the lift.
他和她匆匆相视一笑，然后走进了电梯。

图解助记
基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?
(2)I exchanged seats with Bill.
写作能力提升——[一句多译]
(3)他用一个苹果换我一块蛋糕。

①He gave me an apple in exchange for a piece of cake.(exchange n．)
②He exchanged an apple with me for a piece of cake.(exchange v．)
load n．负担；负荷
v t.装载
(1)Hans has a heavy teaching load this semester.
这学期汉斯的教学任务很重。

(2)There are loads of/a load of great places to see in Australia.
在澳大利亚有很多值得看的好地方。

基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)Knowing that they had arrived safely took a load off my mind.
(2)He didn’t want to be loaded with any new impressions.
(3)He’s got loads of money.
写作能力提升——[高考小作文]
(4)学生的负担是多年来的热门话题，但是家长的负担几乎没受到关注，尤其没受到他们自己的孩子的关注。

The burden of students has been a hot topic for years，but the load of parents has received little attention，especially from their own children.
take it easy轻松；别紧张；从容(指心理上)
(1)—I feel so nervous about the National English Speech Competition tomorrow.
—Take it easy.
——我对明天的全国英语演讲比赛感到很紧张。

——放松些。

(2)Don’t joke with Linda；she takes everything far too seriously.
不要和琳达开玩笑，她对待每件事都过于认真。

基础知识训练——[短语填空]
take it easy，take one’s time，take...for granted
(1)Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
(2)Don’t take your health for granted.
(3)She was nervous，but her husband told her to take it easy.
写作能力提升——[同义句改写]
(4)The doctor told me not to be worried/nervous and stop working so hard.
The doctor told me to take things/it easy and stop working so hard.
run out of (人)用完；从……中流出/跑出
(1)Along the way，I realized that I had run out of resumes.
在路上，我意识到我已用完了我的简历。

(2)If the cash runs out，your shopping time is over for the day.
如果现金用完了，你一天的购物时间就结束了。

基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)One day she happened to run across Xiao Liu.
(2)The changes in the city will cost quite a lot，but they will save us money in the long run.
(3)If you run after two hares，you will catch neither.
(4)Lost in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.
(5)In the future，care for the environment will become very important as earth’s natural resources run out.
写作能力提升——[同义句改写]
(6)He ran out of his ink.(用his ink作主语改写)
His ink ran out/gave out/was used up.
convey vt.传达；运送；传送
[单句语法填空]
(1)Please convey my best wishes to her.
(2)I find it hard to convey my feelings in words.
(3)Our every emotion and mood can be conveyed(convey) with the use of facial expressions and body language.
transform vt.&vi.转化；转换；改造；变换
[单句语法填空]
(1)In the past 20 years the country has been transformed(transform) into an advanced industrial power.
(2)She was transformed from a common­looking adolescent into a pretty young woman.
(3)Having been transformed(transform) into a powerful one，the firm decided to extend business to Europe.
let out发出；放走，释放；(把衬衣、外套等)放大，放长，加宽；说出秘密，泄密[写出下列句子中let out的汉语意思]
(1)Throwing their hats into the air ，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.发出 (2)It lets sunlight in but doesn ’t let heat out.放走 (3)He didn ’t let out anything important.泄露 (4)We can let out the waist a little bit.放大
There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗的原因是多种多样的。

句型：the reason why...
(1)This is the reason why the word belated was invented. 这就是单词belated 发明的原因。

(2014·辽宁)
(2)When asked about the reason for winning the prize ，the girl owed the success to her teachers. 当被问到获奖的原因时，这个女孩把她的成功都归功于老师。

reason 常用句式：
the reason ⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
for sth./doing sth.is/was that...why/for which...is/was that...that/which ＋定语从句＋is/was that...
the reason 后是用why 或for which 还是用that 或which ，取决于其在从句中所承担的句子成分。

缺少主语、宾语、表语用that 或which ，缺少状语用why 或for which 。

基础知识训练——[单句语法填空]
(1)The only reason why I came was that I wanted to meet your friends. (2)The reason for the party is that it ’s Sue ’s birthday.
(3)The reason that/which he gave for being late was that he forgot to set the alarm clock. 写作能力提升——[同义句改写]
(4)The reason why he was late was that his car was held up. The reason for his being late was that his car was held up.
Ⅰ.教材与语法填空
There are various reasons 1.why people write poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe something 2.in a way that will give the reader a strong 3.impression(impress).4.Others try to convey certain emotions.Poets use many different forms of poems to express 5.themselves(they)．In this text，however，we will look at a few of the simpler forms.Some of the first poetry 6.written(write) in English is nursery rhymes.Children 7.learned/learnt(learn) these when they were very young.Nursery rhymes 8.like the one on the right are still a common type of children’s poetry.They delight small children because they have strong rhythm，rhyme and a lot of repetition.This makes them easy to learn 9.and recite.By 10.playing(play) with the words in nursery rhymes，children learn about language.
Ⅱ.教材与短文改错
The following is a poem writing by Rod McKuen.I’ve saved the summer and I gave it all to you to hold on winter mornings when the snow is new.I’ve saved some sunlights if you should ever need a place away from darkness where your mind can feed there.And for yourself I’ve kept your smile when you were but nineteen.Till you are older you will not know what bravely young smiles can mean.I know no answers to help you at your way.The answers lie somewhere at bottom of the day.But if you have a need for love，I will give you all which I own.It might help you down the road after you have found your own.
答案
The following is a poem writing
written by Rod McKuen.I’ve saved the summer and I
gave
give it all
to you to hold on winter mornings when the snow is new.I’ve saved some sunlights sunlight if you
should ever need a place away from darkness where your mind can feed there .And for yourself myself
I’ve kept your smile when you were but nineteen.Till you are older you will not know what
bravely
brave young smiles can mean.I know no answers to help you at
on your way.The answers lie
somewhere at ∧
the bottom of the day.But if you have a need for love，I will give you all which\或
which
that I own.It might help you down the road
after
till/until you have found your own.
Ⅲ.教材与微写作
写作素材(关于帮助)
1．上周六，我们去了一家托儿所。

我们和那里的孩子们一起读童谣。

2．孩子们都特别兴奋。

3．最后我们告诉他们帮助别人不仅能让别人得到温暖，也能给他们的黑暗带来光明。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用where引导的定语从句，not only...but also。

连句成篇(将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Last Saturday，we went to a nursery，where we read nursery rhymes with the children.The children were excited in particular.Eventually，we told them helping others can not only let others get warmth，but also bring light to their darkness.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It gave him a feeling of warmth(warm) and made him feel that they were home at last.(2015·北京)
2．Darkness(dark) is as essential to our biological welfare，to our internal clockwork，as light itself.(2015·浙江)
3．They took a more reasonable approach，conveying(convey) to their children how success at school could improve their lives.(2015·陕西)
4．She helps transform literature into braille to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.(2014·天津)
5．The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart every child wants to grow into a happy，healthy，contributing adult.(2014·安徽)
6．Whether from jealousy or fear of someone who looked so different，my older brothers sometimes teased(tease) me about my unpleasing skin.(2014·江苏)
7．Most people nowadays use “IT” instead of its translation(translate) “xinxi jishu.”(2014·江苏)
8．Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.(2014·天津)
9．All these problems should be dealt with appropriately(appropriate)．
10．To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar，a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox(变速箱) sitting at sea level.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2016·安徽六校联考)
Why read，and sometimes even write poetry？That question is not difficult to answer if we change the word poetry to songs.
I sing when I feel good.When I sing my favorite songs，I feel even better.Sometimes when I am listening to music and to the song words，I feel that it was written for me.A good song always makes me feel something.There are songs that I sing in my head between classes and songs that I want to sing when the school bell rings by the end of the day.They help me get through the day.
They_are_like_bright_and_warm_colors_in_the_middle_of_grays_and_shades. I like songs about love and friendship.The extraordinary thing is that my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English.
I also like reading.I used to avoid poetry until an e­friend told me I should recite poems and not look up the meaning of the words.Poetry uses many difficult words and idioms，but the best thing is to just forget about them.In the beginning I felt quite strange.Now I always lock the door.Reading aloud gives you a strange feeling，but when you have some practice and fall into the rhythm，and the sounds of the words，it is really a special experience.
I started with small poems，but now I think I most like long poems.I have different feelings with different poems.When I have had a bad day at school，I read Keats and forget everything.When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of a candle.When the poem is finished，I close the book and my sadness is gone.
11．Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence? A．Songs are like different colors in different times.
B．Songs can help people better understand colors.
C．Songs can describe a mixture of different colors.
D．Songs can bring people warmth and comfort.
答案D
解析句意理解题。

根据后文对作者听了好的歌曲后的感受的描述可知，好的歌曲会给人们带来温暖和慰藉，由此判断选D。

12．What we can infer from the passage is that________.
A．the writer likes singing songs aloud at any time
B．songs and poems can help get over bad emotions
C．the writer’s native language is English
D．the writer likes songs better than poems
答案B
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段和第五段内容可知，诗歌和歌曲会使人心情愉快，忘记悲伤。

故选B。

13．What can we know about the poems of Keats and Wordsworth through the passage? A．Keats’ poems are full of bad feelings.
B．Wordsworth’s poems contain much sad description.
C．Both of their poetry can create positive feelings.
D．The themes of their poems are not different at all.
答案C
解析细节理解题。

根据文章末段最后三句“When I had a bad day at school，I read Keats and forget everything.When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of a candle.When the poem is finished，I close the book and my sadness is gone.”可知，Keats和Wordsworth的诗歌会给人带来积极的影响，选C。

B
(2017·重庆一中摸底)
Is beauty something always positive？Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier，have better marriages and have more respectable jobs.Personal advisors give them better advice for finding jobs.Even judges are softer on attractive defendants.But in the executive(主管的) circle，beauty can become a disadvantage.
While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder，it is
harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were considered having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck.
All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs，but an attractive woman in a traditionally manly position appears to lack the manly qualities required.
This is true even in politics，“When the only clue is how he or she looks，people treat men and women differently，” says Anne Bowman，who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates(候选人)．She asked 125 college students to rank two groups of photographs，one of men and one of women，in order of attractiveness.The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices.They were asked to rank them again，in the order they would vote for them.
The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men，but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.
语篇解读本文主要讨论漂亮的女性在行政管理和政治领域的劣势。

14．In traditionally female jobs，attractiveness________.
A．makes women look more honest and capable
B．strengthens the manly qualities required
C．often enables women to succeed quickly
D．is of no importance to women
答案C
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“An attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs...”可推知，在传统的女性工作中，漂亮可以使女性快速成功。

故选C。

15．Bowman’s experiment shows that when it comes to politics，attractiveness________. A．turns out to be a disadvantage to men
B．has as little effect on men as on women
C．affects men and women alike
D．is more of a disadvantage than an advantage to women
答案D
解析推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“...but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.”可推知，Bowman的实验表明，当涉及到政治时，漂亮对女性而言是一种劣势而不是优势。

16．According to the passage，people’s views on beauty are often________.
A．practical B．one­sided
C．old fashioned D．supportive
答案B
解析推理判断题。

结合全文可知，漂亮对于某些人来说是优势，但也可能是劣势，由此可推知人们对漂亮的看法通常是片面的。

故选B。

17．The passage is mainly about________.
A．the advantages of being attractive
B．the disadvantages of being attractive
C．equal rights for women
D．the importance of appearance
答案B
解析主旨大意题。

结合全文可知，本文主要讨论漂亮的女性在行政管理和政治领域的劣势。

故选B。

Ⅲ.语法填空
(2017·江西师大附中月考)
A castle is a type of fortified(加固的)structure 18.________(build)in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages.This is different from a palace 19.________ is not fortified，though there are a large number of 20.________(similarity)among these types of construction.Since then usage of the term 21._________(apply)to diverse structures.
The European castles 22.________(origin)in the 9th and 10th centuries，resulting in its land divided among nobles，who built castles to control the area 23.________(surround)them.The castles were also 24.________(defense)structures.Although army uses are often emphasized in castle studies，the structures also served 25.________centers of administration and symbols of power.Urban castles were 26.________(usual)used to control the local people and important travel
routes，27.________ rural castles were often built near farmland.
18．答案built
解析此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，故填built。

19．答案which/that
解析此处a palace作先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺少主语，故填which/that。

20．答案similarities
解析 a large number of后面跟可数名词复数，故填similarities。

21．答案has been applied
解析根据Since then可知用现在完成时态，再根据句意可知用现在完成时态的被动语态，故填has been applied。

22．答案originated
解析根据后面的in the 9th and 10th centuries可知用一般过去时，故填originated。

23．答案surrounding
解析句意为：环绕它们的地区。

此处是现在分词作后置定语，故填surrounding。

24．答案defensive
解析形容词修饰名词，故填defensive。

25．答案as
解析固定词组：serve as充当，担任，故填as。

26．答案usually
解析副词修饰动词，故填usually。

27．答案and/while
解析此处介绍的是城市城堡和农村城堡，既可表示递进关系也可表示比较关系，故填and/while。

Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·重庆十一中月考)
Stress is a state of being upset that happen when we are under pressure.We students have all experienced stress over problems in our daily life，test results，or too many homework.Since stress can make us sick，we have to learn what to deal with it.When you are stressful，don’t forget your hobbies.If you are fond music，just turn on the radio.Generally，people think TV may interfere with their children’s studies.However，if you worry about that your English and don’t know
what to do，you can get help from English TV programs.It is also help to share your worries to your friends.They will surely give you some advices and help you out of trouble.As long as we treat stress proper，we can relax ourselves and keep away from its bad effects.
答案
Stress is a state of being upset that happen
happens when we are under pressure.We students have
all experienced stress over problems in our daily life，test results，or too many
much homework.Since
stress can make us sick，we have to learn what
how to deal with it.When you are
stressful
stressed，don’t
forget your hobbies.If you are fond ∧
of music，just turn on the radio.Generally，people think TV
may interfere with their children’s studies.However，if you worry about that\ your English and
don’t know what to do，you can get help from English TV programs.It is also
help
helpful to share
your worries
to
with your friends.They will surely give you some
advices
advice and help you out of
trouble.As long as we treat stress
proper
properly，we can relax ourselves and keep away from its bad
effects.
28．答案happen→happens
解析 a state是先行词，后面定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，故把happen改为happens。

29．答案many→much
解析homework是不可数名词，故把many改为much。

30．答案what→how
解析固定搭配：what to do with sth./how to deal with sth.怎样处理某事，故把what改为how。

31．答案stressful→stressed
解析句意为：当你感到有压力的时候。

故把stressful改为stressed。

32．答案fond后加of
解析固定搭配：be fond of喜爱……，故在fond后加of。

33．答案删除that
解析worry about后面直接跟宾语，故删除that。

34．答案help→helpful
解析be动词后面用形容词作表语，故把help改为helpful。

35．答案to→with
解析固定搭配：share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物。

故把to改为with。

36．答案advices→advice
解析advice是不可数名词，故把advices改为advice。

37．答案proper→properly
解析用副词修饰动词treat，故把proper改为properly。