初中英语零基础知识点.doc

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道勤文明校园编写
目录
榜首章词类及根本句
型 ................................................................... . (3)
第二章名词 (3)
第三章一般时态 (5)
第四章代词 (7)
第五章数词 (10)
第六章常用其它时态 (14)
第七章感叹句 (16)
第八章描述词、副词比较级和榜首
流 (18)
第九章冠词 (21)
第十章反义疑问句 (26)
第十一章主谓共
同 ................................................................... .. (29)
第十二章介词 (32)
第十三章定语从句 (36)
第十四章状语从句 (39)
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榜首章词类及根本句型
一、词类
名词：标明人、食物或抽象概念的称号
动词：标明动作或状况（及物动词和不及物动词）
描述词：润饰名词、代词。

―⋯⋯的‖
副词：润饰动词、描述词。

―⋯⋯地‖
二、根本句型
基本句型一：主语+谓语（不及物动词）
基本句型二：主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语
基本句型三：主语+系动词+表语
基本句型四：主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语
基本句型五：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
根本句型六： There be 句型
三、操练判别下列语句归于那种句型
1. He made the boy laugh. 8. The report sounds interesting.
2. Tom‘s mother sounded worried. 9. Would you please pass me the dictionary?
3. My father often reads newspaper after supper. 10. The pain made him cry out.
4. We gave them some money. 11. You should study hard.
5. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 12. Her job is to look after the children in the
6. All of us considered him honest. hospital.
7. Classes begin at eight every day. 13. They push the door open.
第二章名词
一、名词的分类及数
（1）名词一般名词可数名词
不行数名词
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专有名词表人、当地、组织、事物、组织的专用称号
（2）名词变复数的规矩
（3）特别的名词变复数
奇数复数含义奇数复数含义
foot feet 脚；英尺knife knives 刀
tooth teeth 牙齿woman women 妇女
child children 孩子ox oxen 牛
basis bases 根底 phenomenon phenomena 现象
（4）单复数相同
fish chicken fruit deer sheep means( 方式) Swiss(瑞士人) Chinese Japanese work（s 工厂）crossroads（十
字路口） head（家畜数量―头‖）
（5）名词办法上是奇数，含义上是复数
cattle 牛（总称）、people 公民、 police 差人、 staff 全体职工
（6）学科类名词，办法上是复数，含义上是奇数
politics 政治；physics 物理；maths 数学
（7）不行数名词
常见易错： advice 主张; furniture 家具; equipment 设备； fun 趣味； information 信息； paper 纸；work 作业； progress 前进； traffic 交通； housework 家务劳动； wealth 财富。

（8）有些名词既可做可数又可做不行数
名词可数不行数名词可数不行数
glass 玻璃杯玻璃 danger 风险人物风险
room 房间空间 time 次数倍数时刻
work 工厂工程作业 life 生命日子
二. 名词一切格
（1）有生命的在词尾加―‘；s无‖生命的用―of +名词‖
（2）两层一切格构成
a/an/this/that + 名词+ of + 名词性物主代词/名词所有格
留意:of 前的名词必定要有 a/an/this/that 等限定词
of 前的名词不能是专有名词
of 后的名词有必要是特定的指认的名词
如：these books of my friend ‘s
a friend of my father ‘s
a friend of mine
三、操练
1. This is ___ reading-room.
A. the teacher ‘s
B. teacher ‘sC . teacher ‘s D. the teachers ‘
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2. Nothing was found but ___ broken.
A. the room window
B. the room ‘s window
C. the room of the window
D. the window of room
3. How many___ would you like?
A. paper
B. bread
C. pieces of papers
D. pieces of bread
4. Please get me a new ___ when you go to town.
A. clothes
B. dress
C. clothing
D. trousers
5. There are 34___ doctors in the hospital.
A. woman
B. women
C. woman ‘s
D. women ‘s
6. He is old , but he has ___to do every day.
A. a lot of work
B. much works
C. lots of homeworks
D. quite a lot of homeworks
7. There ‘re many ___ in my brother ‘s album.
A. leafs
B. toys
C. books
D. stamps
8. Yesterday I went to the market and bought a lot of ___.
A. tomatoes
B. potatos
C. vegetable
D. meats
13.Please remember to give the horse some tree ______.
A leafs
B leaves
C leaf
D leave
14.The son asked his mother to buy _____ glasses for him.
A a type of
B a pile of
C a piece of
D a pair of
15.There is a ______ of wood left on the ground.
A cup
B piece
C box
D pair
16.---- What do you think of the _____ there? ------ They are very delicious.
A cakes
B meat
C rice
D milk
9. Today is September 10th. It ‘s ______ Day. Let ‘s go and bur yousromteeacfhloewrse.rs fo
A Teachers
B Teachers ‘
C the Teachers ‘
D Teacher ‘s
10.---- Where‘s your father? ----- At ______.
A Mr Green ‘s
B Mr Green
C the Mr Green ‘s
D Mr Greens
11. He found two ____ in the room.
A photos
B heros
C tomatos
D potatos
12.This table is made of ______.
A many glass
B glasses
C some glasses
D glass
第三章一般时态一、一般现在时
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用法：标明常常性习惯性的动作或常存在的状况；客观真理
构成：主语+be 动词（am、is、are）+表语
主语（单三）+动词实义动词（s/es）
时刻状语： often、usually、every（day、week、month）
二、一般曩昔时
用法：标明曩昔技常常或重复产生的动作或存在的状况
构成：主语+be 动词（was、were）+表语
主语+动词过去式
时刻状语： yesterday、at that time、last（week、month、year）
三、一般将来时
用法：标明行将产生的作业或存在的作业
构成：主语+will/shall （第一人称）+动词原形
标明未经事前考虑的意图，标明说话者的观念、片面认识
主语+be going to+ 动词原形
标明现已决议或组织要做的事，客观痕迹标明必定或或许产生的事，标明自然现象主语+be to+动词原形
标明方案中约好的或按责任、责任有必要去做或行将产生的动作主语+ be about to+动词原形（常与when 连用）
标明片面要做的事，常与 when 连用
四、时态操练题
1.----Nancy is not coming to the party tonight. ----- But she _____ me she ‘d love to.
A tells
B told
C will tell
D is going to tell
2. If I find his telephone number ，I ______ you.
A tell
B told
C is telling
D will tell
3.Jim ___ to work in his home after he graduated from university.
A goes
B went
C will go
D have gone
4.Keep practicing and you _____ your English.
A improve
B will improve
C improving
D improves
5.-----When ____ Jim _____ to New York? -----Yesterday
A does; get
B did; get
C will; get
D has; got
6.Teacher told us the earth ______ around the sun.
A travelled
B travels
C will travel
D travelling
7. ----Ann is in hospital. ---- I ____ , I _____ her.
A didn ‘t know; will see
B knows; will see
C knows ; sees
D didn ‘t know; saw
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第四章代词
一、人称代词的用法
1.人称代词的人称、数和格。

2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。

如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him? （作宾语）
3.人称代词还可作表语。

作表语时用宾格。

如：---Whos is knocking at the door? --- It ‘mse.
4.人称代词在 than 之后与其别人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都能够。

如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.
奇数复数
主格宾格主格宾格
榜首人称 I me we us
第二人称you you you you
he him
第三人称she
it h er
it
they them
二、物主代词的用法
1.标明一切联系的代词叫物主代词。

2. 描述词性物主代词的效果相当于描述词，可在句中作定语。

例如：Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.
留意：名词性物主代词的效果相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。

Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）
--- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）
--- No. Mine is in my bag.
I've already finished my homework.
Have you finished yours? （作宾语）
数人称描述词性名词性
物主代词物主代词奇数榜首人称 my mine
第二人称your yours
his his
第三人称
her hers
its its
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复数榜首人称 our ours
第二人称your yours
第三人称their theirs
操练题：
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______ ( I ) is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______ ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and more beautiful.
3. --- Is that bike Miss Gao ‘-s--?Yes, it is ______(she) . Beautiful, isn ‘t it?
4. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, Jack.
5. ---Who taught your brother to surf ? ---Nobody. He learnt all by _______ (he).
6. Their English teacher is from America, but ______ (we) is from England.
7. Mary ‘s answer is different from ________ ( I ).
8. ---My watch keeps good time. What about _____ (you)? ---Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______ (he)?
10. Did you enjoy _______ (you), Mary and Kate?
三、反身代词的用法
英语中用来标明―⋯⋯自己‖，等含义的代词称为反身代词。

反身代词在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。

1. 作宾语，标明动作的承受者便是动作的宣布者，主语和宾语。

指同一个人或一些人。

He called himself a writer ．Would you please express yourself in English?
2. 作表语。

It doesn?t matter．I ‘ll be myself soo．n The girl in the news is myself ．
3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，标明亲身或自己。

I myself washed the clothes=I washed the clothes myself. （作主语同位语）
You should ask the teacher himself ．（作宾语同位语）
I -------- myself 我自己you ---- yourself 你自己
he ------ himself 他自己she ----- herself 她自己
it -------- itself 它自己 we ----- ourselves 咱们自己
you ---- yourselves 你们自己they ---- themselves 他们自己
常用短语
1. by oneself独自的；独自的
2. enjoy oneself 玩的愉快
3. help oneself to 自用⋯
4. dress oneself 自己穿衣服
5. say to oneself 喃喃自语
6. teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学
四、指示代词的用法
指示代词包含： this，that，these，those。

1.this 和 these指在时刻或空间上较近的事物或人，
that 和 those则指时刻和空间上较远的事物或人，
例:This is a pen and that is a pencil ．We are busy these days．In those days the workers had a hard time．
2. 有时that 和those 指前面讲到过的事物，
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this 和 these则是指下面行将讲到的事物
例:I had a cold. That's why I didn't come. What I want to say is this ;
Pronunciation is very important in learning English ．
3. 有时为了防止重复说到的名词，常可用 that 或 those 替代
例:Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai．
4. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that则代表对方。

例:Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?
五、疑问代词的用法
疑问代词有 who，whom，whose，what 和 which 等。

疑问代词用于特别疑问句中，一般在句首，并在语句中作为某一语句成分。

Who is going to come here tomorrow? （作主语）What is that? (作表语)
Whose umbrella is this? ( 作定语) Whom are you waiting for? ( 作宾语)
六、不定代词的用法
不是指明替代任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词有： some, any， many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either 在句中可作主语、⋯表语、宾语和定语。

七、彼此代词的用法
标明彼此联系的代词叫做彼此代词。

彼此代词有 each other 和 one another 两种形式。

在今世英语中，each other 和 one another 没有什么差异。

彼此代词可在句中作宾语，定语。

作定语用时，彼此代词用
一切格办法。

We should learn from each other / one another. （宾语）
Do you often write to each other / one another? （宾语）
We often borrow each other's / one another's books. 定语
The students corrected each other's / one another's mistakes in their homework. （作定语）
八、操练题
1 These are ＿＿＿books. Yours are over there.
A I
B my
C me
D mine
2 —＿＿＿is she? —She is a teacher.
A What
B How
C Who
D Where
3＿＿＿is wrong with my watch. It has stopped ＿＿＿.
A Something, working
B Something, to work
C Any thing, working
D Anything, to work
4 Mary, help ＿＿＿to the bananas, please.
A you
B your
C yourself
D yourselves
5 —＿＿＿do you go to school every day? —By bus.
A How
B Why
C When
D Where
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6 My skirt is ＿＿＿popular than＿＿＿.
A much, her
B much, hers
C more, her
D more, hers
7 —Can you speak English? —Yes, but only＿＿＿.
A few
B a few
C little
D a little
8 Mr.Smith is an old friend of ＿＿＿.
A I
B me
C my
D mine
9 ―＿＿＿do you hear from your parents? ―A‖bout once a month. ‖
A How long
B How many
C How often
D How much
10 Mr Green wouldn't say ＿＿＿at the meeting.
A everything
B nothing
C anything
D something
11 ―Mum, Ann's coming tonight. Let's give her ＿＿＿to eat. ‖―Good idea! ‖
A anything nice
B nice anything
C something nice
D nice something
12 —When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening? —I don't mind. ＿＿＿time is OK.
A Some
B Neither
C Either
D Both
13 This is not her kite, but＿＿＿.
A he?s
B him
C he
D his
14 Don't worry, Mum! ＿＿＿news is good news. I'm sure daddy will come back soon.
A No
B Many
C Those
D Two
第五章数词
一、分类
1.基数词：标明数目多少
（1）以下是最基本的基数词，学习者必须牢记：one(1), two(2), three(3), four(4), five(5), six(6), seven(7),
eight(8), nine(9), ten(10), eleven(11), twelve(12), thirteen(13), fourteen(14), fifteen(15), sixteen(16),
seventeen(17), eighteen(18), nineteen(19), twenty(20), thirty(30), forty(40), fifty(50), sixty(60), seventy(70),
eighty(80), ninety(90), a hundred(100), a thousand(1000), a million(1000000), a billion ( 十亿)
（2）21—99 的表示法。

先说―几十‖，再说―几‖，中间加连字号：twenty-one(21), thirty-six(36), forty-five(45), ninety-nine(99) 等。

（3）101—999 的表示法。

先说―几百‖，后接and，再加末尾两位数(或末位数)：one hundred and one(101), five hundred and thirty(530), seventy hundred and eighty-nine(789)
（3）1000 以上的基数词。

先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号(即以此把数目分为若干段)。

第一个逗号前的数为thousand(千)，第二个逗号前的数million( 百万)，第三个逗号前的数为billion( 十亿)，第
四个逗号前的数为trillion( 万亿)，然后一段一段地数
2.序数词：标明先后顺序。

1) 序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second 和third, 其他序数词的构成是在基数词后加th
2) fifth( 第五)、eighth (第八)、ninth (第九)和twelfth ( 第十二)
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3) 二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y 变成ie 再加-th。

例如：twenty →twentieth forty →fortieth
4) 基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。

例
如：twenty- one→twenty -first forty- five →forty-fifth
5) 第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加th 构成。

例如：榜首百→hundredth ；榜首千→thousandth；
榜首百万→millionth ；第十亿→billionth
6）序数词的缩略是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最终两个字母构成
例如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,40th
二、分数表达法
分数由基数词和序数词合成。

分子用基数词，分母用序数词。

分子是1 时，分母(序数词)用单数形式；分子大于 1 时，分母用复数办法，序数词加 -s。

读带分数时，先读整数部分，再读分数部分。

1/2 →one half 或a half ；1/4 →one fourth 或one (a) quarter
3/4 →three quarters或three fourths；4/5 →four fifths
2-1/3 →twoand a (one)third；3-5/6 →three and five sixths
32-3/4 →thirty-two and three quarters (three fourths)
三、小数表达法
整数与小数之间用小数点隔开。

读小数时,每位数字(特别是小数点后面的)要单独读出。

小数点读作point(点)，零读作zero(或naught)。

如果整数是零,往往不读出。

0.1 →zero(naught)point one 或point one
0.03 →zero(naught)point naught three 或zero point zero three
2.25 →two point two five；14.16 →fourteen point one six
205.37 →two hundred and five point three seven
四、百分数
百分数用下面办法标明：
5%→5.per cent( 缩写：5.PC) 读作：five percent
23%→23.per cent( 缩写：23.PC) 读作：twenty-three percent
五、常见的数字符号和等式的读法
= (等于号) 读作equals；+ (加号) 读作plus 或and
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－(减号) 读作minus；×(乘号) 读作times 或multiplied by
÷(除号)读作divided by
六、时刻表达法
标明时刻有两种说法：逆读法，先分钟 ,后钟点；顺读法，先钟点 ,后分钟。

七、年月日表达法
1)年份用基数词,日期用序数词
例如：1988 年5 月1 日可以写作May 1(st),1988 ，读作May the first, nineteen eighty-eight ；
或者1(st)May,1988, 读作the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight
2)英语年份的读法：一般先读前两位数,再读后两位数。

例如：1983→nineteen eighty -three；1700→seventeen hundred；1870→eighteen seventy；
1601 →sixteen a one或sixteen hundred and one；965→nine sixty-five 或nine six five
3)年代用年份的阿拉伯数字加-’s或-s 表示
例如：十八世纪三十年代→1730‘s/1730s the seventeen thirties
二十世纪六十年代→1960 ‘s/1960sthe nineteen sixties
八十年代初期→the early eighties 九十年代晚期→the l ate nineties 4)月份一年12 个月的英语写法如下：
一月→January 二月→February 三月→March 四月→April
五月→May 六月→June 七月→July 八月→August 九月→September
十月→October 十一月→November 十二月→December
八、电话号码及编号
编号既能够用序数词 ,也可用基数词。

例如：the tenth lesson；Lesson Ten 第十课；the fiftieth page ；
Page 50第五十页有的编号习惯上常用基数词。

例如：Room 321( 读作three two one) 321 号房间
Tel.No.4013586( 读作Telephone number four 0 one three five eight six)
九、操练题
1. Lincoln was born on ________.
A. February 12, 1809
B. 1809, February 12
C. 1809, 12 February
D. February 1809,12
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2. A _______ boy can sing the English song very well.
A. ten-year-old
B. ten years old
C. ten-years-old
D. fifth years old
3. An hour later, ____ minister was sent to see the ―magic cloth ‖worn by those two men.
A. two
B. the second
C. the two
D. second
4. Abraham Lincoln was ___ President of the United States.
A. 16
B. the 16
C. 16th
D. the 16th
5. Do you think there is any room for us ________ ?
A. two
B. the two
C. second
D. the second
6. How many students are there in your class? ________.
A. Twenty nine
B. Thirty and two
C. Forty-five
D. fifties
7. Which number is wrong? _______.
A. Ninety
B. Ninteen
C. Ninth
D. Nineteenth
8. The People's Liberation Army was founded _______.
A. on August 1, 1927
B. in 1927, 1 August
C. on August 1st, 1927
D. in August 1, 1927
9. The number 4,123 is read _______.
A. four thousand one hundred and twenty-three
B. four thousand and one hundred twenty-three
C. four thousand and a hundred and twenty-three
D. four thousands a hundred and twenty-three
10. The old professor still works hard though he is _________.
A. in his sixty
B. in his sixties
C. in sixties
D. in the sixty
11. This classroom is ________ ours.
A. three times big as
B. as three times big as
C. three times as big as
D. as big three times as
12. The basketball team of our school ranks ____ in the match.
A. three
B. third
C. the three
D. the third
13. Which is the car that he drives? It's ________.
A. fifty two
B. the fifty-two cars
C. the car fifty four
D. the fifty-fourth car
14. Which of the following is wrong? ________.
A. He is a fifteen-year-old boy.
B. He is at the age of 15.
C. He is a boy of 15.
D. He is fifteen year old.
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15. Our school is not very big. There are only ________ students.
A. nine hundreds of
B. nine hundred
C. nine hundreds
D. nine hundred of
16. How many new words are there in ________ lesson? There are only _________.
A. five; fifth
B. fifth; five
C. the fifth; the five
D. the fifth; five
17. ________, Coca-Cola began to enter China's market.
A. In 1970's
B. In 1970s
C. In the 1970s'
D. In the 1970s
18. There was no bus in that small town. We had a ________.
A. ten miles walk
B. ten-mile walk
C. ten mile's walk
D. tenth mile walk
19. Today is the first day and ________.
A. Tuesday is fourth
B. Thursday is the fourth
C. second is Tuesday
D. a second is Thursda
第六章常用其它时态
一、现在进行时
1.用法：标明现阶段说话时正在进行的动作
2.构成：主语+ be（am、is、are）+ 动词-ing
3.时刻状语： now, at this moment ，at present，look！listen！
二、曩昔进行时
1.用法：标明曩昔某一阶段说话时正在进行的动作
2.构成：主语+ be（was、were）+ 动词-ing
3.时刻状语： at that moment
三、将来进行时
1.用法：标明将来某一阶段说话时正在进行的动作
2.构成：主语+ will/shall+be + 动词-ing
四、现在完结时
1.用法：动作产生在曩昔对，着重对现在形成的影响和成果；动作从曩昔开端一向连续至今，而且还有或许继续下去。

2.构成：主语+ have/has + 动词过去分词
3.时刻状语： already、yet、for 或 since 加时刻、 so far、up to now、recently（一般不与清晰的曩昔时
间状语连用）
五、曩昔完结时
1.用法：曩昔的曩昔
2.构成：主语+ had + 动词过去分词
3.时刻状语：一般依据上下文来判别
六、曩昔将来时
1.用法：曩昔某一时刻段计划要做某事
2.构成：主语+ would + 动词原形
七、习题
1、I ______ a mistake. Please don't be angry with me.
A. make
B. made
C. will make
D. had made
2、My brother left school in 2005, and since then he ____ in Beijing.
A. lives
B. lived
C. will live
D. has lived
3、I ______ my clothes, and the phone rang.
A. wash
B. washed
C. am washing
D. was washing
4、---Where is Peter? ---- He ___ volleyball with his friends in the school gym.
A. plays
B. played
C. is playing
D. has played
5、He_____ his umbrella to me yesterday. so I didn't get wet.
A. borrowed
B. kept
C. lent
D. bought
6、I'm sorry I left the book at home. I_ it here tomorrow, I promise.
A. bring
B. will bring
C. brought
D. have brought
7、----What are you doing ,Simon?
----I have finished my homework , and now I ______ the computer games.
A. played
B. was playing
C. am playing
D. play
8、My brother came back home while I ______homework.
A. am doing
B. were doing
C. was doing
D. did
9、----Did you watch the football match yesterday?
----Yes , I did. You know , my brother ______in the match.
A. is playing
B. was playing
C. will play
D. play
10、---Where are the Greens ,may I ask?
---Well, they ______England. They have been there for nearly a week now.
A. have been to
B. are going to
C. have gone to
11、---How was your day off ? --- Pretty good ! I ___ the science museum with my classmates.
A. visit
B. visited
C. am visiting
D. will visit
12、There ___ a big cake and many candies at the party yesterday.
A. was
B. were
C. is
D. are
13、I _______ the charity show on TV when the telephone rang.
A. watch
B. watched
C. am watching
D. was watching
14、Tom _______ the USA. He _______ back in two months.
A. has gone to; comes
B. has gone to; will be
C. has been to; comes
D. has been to; will be
17、---You have a nice watch. ---Thank you. I ______ it since I got married.
A. had
B. bought
C. have had
D. have bought
18、Although this village isn't big, all the other villages I____ so far are smaller.
A. visited
B. have visited
C. would visit
D. had visited
19、---How long _____in Chengdu?
---For just the weekend to come. I'll be back next Monday morning.
A. are you staying
B. did you stay
C. have you stayed
20、---Alice, would you mind not playing the guitar? I _____ on the phone. ---Oh, sorry ,mom.
A. talked
B. talk
C. have talked
D. am talking
第七章感叹句
一、概念
感叹句是用来标明喜怒哀乐等激烈爱情的语句，句末一般要用感叹号。

一般由 what、how 和引导。

（通常省掉主语和谓语）
二、构成
1.what 润饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种办法：
（1）What +a(an)+ （形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！
What an apple this is!
（2）What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！
What kind women they are!
2.由How 引导的感叹句
结构：How+ 形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the worker are working!
3.what 与 how 引导的感叹句，一般状况下能够彼此转化，转化后含义不变。

What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is!
what a beautiful bulding it is!==How beautiful the building is!
在白话中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省掉。

如：
What a nice present!（省掉 it is ）
How disappointed! （省掉 she is 或其它可作本句主、谓的词语、总结：What + 名词/名词短语（+主语/谓语）
How + 形容词/副词（+主语/谓语）
三、操练题
1、- __________good time we had at the party last night!
-Yes. It was ___exciting party that I would never forget it.
A. What, so
B. How, such
C. What a, such an
D. How a, so an
2、-_____ day it is! - Let ‘s go out and enjoy the sunshine!
A. What a lovely
B. How windy
C. What a rainy
D. How lovely
3、____ terrible weather we had last Sunday!
A. What
B. What a
C. Such
D. How
4、_______ useful the book is! We can know well about the city from it.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. What an
5、Look! _____ building the Bird Nest is!
A. What a great
B. What great
C. How a great
D. How great
6、- - - ______ good news it is! The pandas are found alive after the earthquake.
- - - It ‘s so ______.
A. What a, excited
B. What, exciting
C. How a, excited
D. How, exciting
7、-____beautiful day! Shall we go for a picnic? - Good idea.
A. What
B. How
C. What a
D. How a
8、____ fun it is to be with girls of mu age in the summer course in Britain!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. How a
9、- _______ clever the girl is! - So she is.
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. How a
10、___ nice hat it is!
A. How
B. What
C. What a
D. How a
11、______ interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!
A. How
B. What a
C. What an
D. How an
12、_____ music she is playing!
A. What nice
B. How nice
C. What a nice
D. How nice a
13、Mary got good grades in school. ___ excited she is!
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
14、What a funny person_______! We all like talking with him.
A. it is
B. is he
C. is it
D. he is
15、- we will build a subway in Fuzhou before 2014.
- Wow, _____！Will it pass our place?
A. what an excited news
B. how excited the news is
C. what exciting news
D. how exciting news
16、____ information he offered us! We all thank him.
A. What useful
B. What useless
C. How useful
D. How useless
17、____ dangerous it is to ride fast on a busy road.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
18、-___ kind girl Nancy is ！- Yes, she is always ready to help others.
A. What
B. What a
C. How
D. How a
19、____ Mrs. Smith is!
A. How kind woman
B. What a kind woman
C. What kind woman
D. How a kind woman
20、___ it ‘s blowing!
A. What strong
B. How strong
C. How strongly
D. What strongly
第八章描述词、副词比较级和榜首流
一、描述词、副词比较级和榜首流的构成：
1. 单音节词和少量双音节词比较级和榜首流的规矩改变：
规矩原级比较级榜首流
1.在词尾后直接
tall Taller tallest
加-er/est
2.词尾是e，只加
nice Nicer nicest-r/st
3.以子音字母加 y
完毕的，把 y 变 i 再
happy Happier happiest
加-er/est
4.重读闭音节，末
尾只需一个辅音字
thin Thinner thinnest
母，双写这个子音字
母，再加 -er/est
2. 其他双音节词或多音节词,在该词前面加-more/most
beautiful —more beautiful —(the) most beautiful
3. 由描述词加 ly 构成的双音节词和多音节词 ,都是在该词前加 -more/most.
quickly —more quickly —(the) most quickly
difficultly —more difficultly —(the) most difficultly
18
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
二、描述词比较级和榜首流的用法：
1. 原级的用法:
用于两者之间对比，意思为“⋯⋯和⋯⋯相同”as⋯.+形容词原级+as B
2. 比较级的用法:
1）A+ 形容词比较级+than+ B
描述词比较级前用 much, even, still, a little ，far, a lot, a bit, much more 润饰。

Very, so, too, quite 不能润饰比较级。

2）数字+形容词比较级+than
3）比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越⋯⋯”
4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构，表示“越⋯⋯就越⋯⋯”
5）which/who +is + 比较级
3. 榜首流用法：
用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较,榜首流前加 the，榜首流前有物主代词，序数词和名词一切格时，不加定冠词，后边跟带in 或 of 表规模的短语。

one of the +最高级+名词复数，谓语动词用单数
三、副词比较级和榜首流的用法：
1. 原级首要的句型：
1）as+副词原级+as not as/so+副词原级+as 2）too+副词原级+to do sth.
3）so +副词原级+ that 4）副词原级+enough to do sth.
2. 比较级的用法：
1）比较级+than。

当前后使用的动词相同时，通常用助动词来代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。

例如：He works much harder than I (do).
2）比较级+and +比较级越来越⋯⋯
3）the 比较级⋯the 比较级⋯越⋯越⋯
3. 榜首流的用法：
副词榜首流前一般有 the，也可省掉。

四、操练题
1. You must write as ________ as you can.
2. —In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think. —I don ‘t agree with you. Speaking is ________ reading.
19
A. as important as
B. so important as
C. the most important
D. the same as
3. Jim is running ________ Bruce. They ‘re neck and neck.
A. faster than
B. as fast as
C. as faster as
D. more slowly than
4. Lesson Three is ________ Lesson Two. It ‘s much more difficult.
A. not so easy as
B. easier than
C. as difficult as
D. less difficult than
5. This story is not ________ as that one.
A. more interesting
B. less interesting
C. so interested
D. so interesting
6. The boy doesn ‘t speak ________ his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as
B. so good as
C. more better than
D. more worse than
7. Now Helen works ________ than before.
A. more carefully
B. more careful
C. much careful
D. much carefully
8. It takes___ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.
A. more
B. fewer
C. longer
D. less
9. It is ______ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon?
A. the hottest
B. hot
C. hottest
D. hotter
10. The population of Shanghai is _____ than that of Shijiazhuang.
A. smaller
B. larger
C. less
D. large
11. Of the two pencil-boxes, the boy chose _______ one.
A. less expensive
B. the least expensive
C. the less expensive
D. the most expensive
12. Of the two Australian students, Masha is ________ one. I think you can find her easily.
A. tallest
B. the taller
C. taller
D. the tallest
20. This street is much ________ than that one.
A. straight
B. straighter
C. straightest
D. more straighter
21. 30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but it ‘s ________ than we need.
A. far more
B. very much
C. far less
D. very little
22. Jack is a little ________ than Peter.
A. strong
B. stronger
C. strongest
D. the strongest
23. In our city, it ‘s __ in July, but it ‘s even __ in August.
A. hotter; hottest
B. hot; hot
C. hotter; hot
D. hot; hotter
24.In the exam, the ____ you are, the _____ mistakes you ‘ll make.
A. careful; little
B. more careful; less
20
C. more careful; few
D. more careful; fewer
24.In the exam, the ____ you are, the _____ mistakes you ‘ll make.
A. careful; little
B. more careful; less
C. more careful; few
D. more careful; fewer
25. The more you learn, the more ___ you can get a job.
A. easily
B. easier
C. easy
D. easiest
26. ___children there are in a family, __ their life will be.
A. The less; the better
B. The fewer; the better
C. Fewer; richer
D. More; poorer
27.—I will give you some picture books. —The __,the _.
A. more; better
B. many; better
C. most; best
D. much; better
28. Which would you like _____, basketball or football?
A. good
B. better
C. best
D. well
第九章冠词
一、概念及分类
冠词是虚词 ,自身不能独自运用 ,也没有词义 ,它用在名词的前面 ,协助指明名词的含义。

冠词能够说是名词的一种标志，它不能脱离名词而独立存在。

标明的主语数量或许特征。

冠词分为不定冠词 "a，an"、
定冠词 "the"和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不必冠词的状况。

不定冠词标明泛指，定冠词标明特指。

二、不定冠词
不定冠词有 "a 和 an"两种办法。

"a" 用在以子音最初的词前， "an" 用在以元音最初的词前。

判别一个词是以元音最初还是以子音最初，是依据读音而不是依据字母。

1. 用于可数名词的奇数办法前，标明 "一" There is a tiger in the zoo.
2. 标明一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous.
3. 标明"某一个 "的意思 A gentleman wants to see you.
4. 标明"同一"的意思 The two shirts are much of a size.
5. 标明"每一"的意思 We go swimming four times a week.
6. 用在作表语的奇数可数名词前，标明身份、作业 My mother is a teacher.
7. 榜首次说到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter.
8. 在such a，quite a 句式中He is quite a good actor. Don't be in such a hurry.
9. 在感叹句what...的句式中What a pretty girl she is!
11. 用在某些标明数量的词组中：
21。