锅炉的液位控制

目录

摘要 (Ⅰ)

Abstract (Ⅱ)

1 前言 (1)

1.1 课题背景 (1)

1.2 国内外研究的现状 (2)

1.3 使用单片机实现供暖锅炉温度控制的优点 (2)

1.4 研究方案及预期结果 (3)

1.4.1 系统的建立 (3)

1.4.2 系统总体方案 (3)

1.4.3 设计的研究进程 (4)

2 系统硬件设计 (5)

2.1 核心芯片8051单片机 (5)

2.2 液位传感器设计 (8)

2.3 DAC0832 D/A 转换器和ADC0809 A/D 转换器 (10)

2.3.1 D/A转换基本原理及特征 (11)

2.3.2ADC0809转换芯片 (12)

2.4键盘及显示接口 (14)

2.5 报警装置 (15)

3 传感器的选择设计 (17)

3.1液位传感器的选择 (17)

3.1.1 光电式传感器 (17)

3.1.2 光电式传感器的基本特征 (19)

3.2 温度式传感器的选择 (22)

3.3 压电式传感器的设计 (23)

3.3.1 压电效应和陶瓷压电式传感器选取 (23)

3.3.2 压电式传感器的测量电路 (25)

4 软件的设计 (28)

5 技术经济分析 (34)

6 结论 (35)

致谢 (36)

参考文献 (37)

附录 A 译文 (38)

附录 B 外文摘要 (42)

摘要

本文主要设计了一种锅炉液位控制器，它以8051作为控制器，通过8051单片机，压力传感器和模数转换器等硬件系统和软件设计方法实现具有液位检测报警和控制双重功能，同时也具有压力报警和显示控制的功能,并对液位和压力值进行显示。

本系统是基于单片机的水暖锅炉控制，在设计中主要有水位检测、温度检测、压力检测、按键控制、水位控制、显示部分、故障报警等几部分组成来实现供暖控制。主要用水位传感器检测水位，用光纤温度传感器来检测水温，用六个控制按键来实现按健控制，用三位7段LED显示器来完成显示部分，用变频器来控制循环泵的转速，用压力传感器检测锅炉内部压力。并且通过模数转换把这些信号送入单片机中。把这些信号与单片机中内部设定的值相比，以判断单片机是否需要进行相应的操作，即是否需要开启补水泵，来实现对液面的控制,从而实现单片机自动控制液面的目的。本设计用单片机控制易于实现锅炉液位、温度和压力的控制,而且有造价低、程序易于调试、一部分出现故障不会影响其他部分的工作、维修方便、等优点。

关键词：锅炉; 8051单片机; 模数转换; 水位控制; 自动控制

Abstract

Have introduced a kind of automobile muti_function warning apparatus based on single chip microcomputer. It can guard against the oil pressure of the lubricate system、atmospheric pressure of the braking system、temperature of the cool system、tyre owing to press and the thief of automobile, and to carry out automatic detection , and sends out the alarm signal when discovering unusual conditions .Have elaborated the design ideological、hardware composition and software train of thought of the alarm system.

The systemic design bases controller of CMS water heating of a boiler , it mostly makes up of measuring water level ,measuring a water temperature ,controlling a keys-press ,controlling a water temperature ,controlling water level ,controlling circulate ,controlling pressure ,showing a part ,giving an alarm order to realize heating controller ,the design adopts Single-Chip Microcomputer to control boiler heating .It mostly uses a temperature sensor to measure water temperature ,uses water level sensor to measure water level , uses a transducer to control cycle pump’s rotate speed ,uses five keys-press to control key-press ,uses three light-emitting diodes display to finish a display parts ,uses a transducer to control rotate speed of cycle pump ,uses a press transducer to measure press in the boiler .It sends those signals to SCM through modulus ,and hold those signals to compare with enactment in the SCM to judge whether SCM need to carry through relevant operation namely ,whether it needs to open a fan ,whether it needs to turn on a water pump ,whether it needs to quicken rotate speed of a cycle pump and so on .Consequently ,it finishes an aim of SCM auto-controller .The design makes use of the SCM to control boiler which is easy to realize boiler heating ,it is cheap to manufacture ,it is easy to debug its procedure .When a part is in trouble ,it does not infect others and it is

convenience to mend ,it is widely to use many of areas.

Key words：Boiler; 8051 Single chip microcomputer ; Digital-to-analogue changes; water level control; Auto-control