不同养分供应方式对盆栽桃树生长及其氮素吸收_分配的影响_张守仕

植物营养与肥料学报2015，21（1）：156－163

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer doi:10.11674/zwyf．2015.0117不同养分供应方式对盆栽桃树生长及其

氮素吸收、分配的影响

张守仕1，2，彭福田1*，齐玉吉1，李勇1

（1山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，山东泰安271018；

2河南农业职业学院园艺园林系，河南郑州451450）

摘要：【目的】氮素分配随生长中心转移而转移，生长中心器官和非中心器官间差异较大。控释肥、滴灌施肥等技术在果园中的应用使果树养分稳定供应成为现实。研究等氮量施肥条件下不同养分供应方式对桃树生长及氮素吸收、分配的影响，探讨吸收的氮素在生长中心器官和非中心器官之间分配差异的原因，以期为桃树合理施肥提供依据。【方法】以1年生桃树幼苗为试材，利用沙培盆栽，设袋控缓释施肥（养分稳定供应，SS）和分次撒施施肥（养分非稳定供应，nSS）以及对照（不施大量元素，CK）3个处理，将桃树新梢按照在主干上着生位置分为上部和下部，调查分析施肥后不同时期桃树的生长状况；利用15N同位素示踪技术研究不同养分供应方式对氮素吸收和上、下部新梢间分配的影响。【结果】SS处理后30d、150d桃树生物量分别为63.49g/plant和160.74g/plant，上、下部生物量之比分别为1.8和1.3，新梢长度分别为169.73cm/plant和306.55cm/plant，处理后150d各处理之间生物量差异显著，新梢长度差异极显著。各处理新梢生物量在两次取样间隔内上部增量分别为对照42%、养分非稳定供应93%、养分稳定供应98%；下部增量分别为8%、45%和177%。在此期间上、下部新梢生物量的差异对照处理由5.0变化为6.6、养分非稳定供应处理由2.8变为3.7、养分稳定供应处理由1.8变为1.3。氮素吸收量随处理时间的推移逐渐增大，养分稳定供应处理在施肥后30d、150d分别为12.7mg/plant和76.9mg/plant，养分非稳定供应处理在施肥后30d、150d分别为4.0mg/plant和27.3mg/plant。处理后150d的氮素利用率以养分稳定供应处理最高，达12.96%，养分非稳定供应处理只有4.6%。处理后150d养分稳定供应处理和养分非稳定供应处理的上、下部梢叶氮素浓度、Ndff%（来自肥料中的氮占总氮的比率）、Ndff（来自肥料中的氮）差异极显著，各处理同一植株上、下部梢叶氮素浓度、Ndff%相似。吸收氮素在上、下部新梢叶间分配的差异大，上、下部新梢叶间氮素分配之比养分稳定供应处理和养分非稳定供应处理分别为1.54和4.03。【结论】养分稳定供应下，桃树生长极性差异变小，氮素吸收量增多，氮素利用率高，氮素在生长中心器官和非中心器官间分配的差异变小，氮素分配差异受生物量的影响大。

关键词：油桃；养分稳定供应；非稳定供应；氮吸收；氮分配

中图分类号：S662.1.601；S606+．2文献标识码：A文章编号：1008－505X（2015）01－0156－08

Effects of different nutrition supply on growth，

nitrogen uptake and partitioning of pot cultured nectarine

ZHANG Shou-shi1，2，PENG Fu-tian1*，QI Yu-ji1，LI Yong1

（1College of Horticulture Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University，Tai’an，Shandong271018，China；

2Department of Horticulture，Henan Vocational College of Agriculture，Zhengzhou451450，China）

Abstract：【Objectives】Nitrogen partitioning coordinates with growth center of fruit trees，obvious differences in the N partition exist between organs of growing center and non-growing center with traditional base plus dressing fertilizer method．Use of controlled release fertilizer and drip fertilization make a steady nutrition supply comes true．Effects of different nutrition supply methods on potted culture nectarine growth，nitrogen uptake and partitioning at

收稿日期：2013－11－20接受日期：2014－08－01

基金项目：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金（CAＲS-31－3－03）资助。

作者简介：张守仕（1981—），男，山东莒南人，博士研究生，主要从事果树矿质营养研究。E-mail：zhangxie626@ *通信作者E-mail：pft@sdau．edu．cn

1期罗凡，等：氮磷钾对春茶光合生理及氨基酸组分的影响

the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer input were studied for better understanding of new fertilization technology in nectarine production．【Methods】One-year old nectarine trees（Prunus persica Batsch，var．nectarine）of cv．Luxingyihao were planted in pots filled with40L of siliceous sand．Steady nutrition supply（SS）was obtained through packing fertilizer inside a bag with holes．Non-steady nutrition supply（nSS）was from the conventional splitting application of commercial fertilizer．Shoots were divided into two parts（upper and lower parts）as their location in stems．Nitrogen uptake and partitioning of upper and lower shoots after30days and150days of the processing were determined with15N isotope tracer technique．【Ｒesults】Thirty days and one hundred and fifty days after the steady nutrition supply，the biomass amounts of nectarine plants are63.49g per tree and160.74g per tree respectively，the ratios of upper and lower part shoots biomass are1.8and1.3respectively，and the longest lengths of new shoots are169.73cm per tree and306.55cm per tree respectively．One hundred and fifty days after different fertilization methods treated，the differences in the new shoot length and their biomass among the treatments are significant and extremely significant，respectively．The biomass of upper shoots under the steady nutrition supply is increased by98%between two sampling intervals，the biomass amounts under the non-steady nutrition supply and the control are increased by93%and42%，respectively，and the biomass amounts of lower shoots under the steady nutrition supply，non-steady nutrition supply and control are increased by177%，45%and 8%，respectively．During this period the ratios of upper to lower biomass of the control treatment，nutrition non-steady supply and nutrition steady supply are changed from5.0to6.6，2.8to3.7and1.8to1.3，respectively．The plant nitrogen uptake amounts under the steady nutrition supply are12.7and76.9mg per plant at the30days and150days after the processing，and those are4.0and27.3mg per plant treated with non-steady nutrition supply．The highest nitrogen use efficiency is obtained with the steady nutrition supply treatment，which reaches 12.96%，and that with the non-steady nutrition supply only reaches4.6%．The nitrogen contents in upper shoots and leaves and the percentages of nitrogen derived from fertilizer are higher than those in lower shoots and leaves．The differences in nitrogen concentration of shoots and leaves between the upper part and lower part are extremely different（P≤0.01）150days after the treatment．The nitrogen derived from fertilizer and the nitrogen concentration are same between upper and lower shoots and leaves of the same plant，and are different at P≤0.01 of the steady and non-steady treatments when sampled after processing150days．Partitioning ratios of the nitrogen uptake between upper and lower are significantly different under the steady and non-steady nutrition supply treatments and are1.54and4.03respectively．【Conclusions】Compared with non-steady nutrition supply，the polar growth is little，and nitrogen uptake increases，nitrogen recovery rate increases，and the nitrogen partitioning difference between growth center and non-growth center decreases under the nutrition steady supply．

Key words:nectarine;steady nutrition supply;non-steady nutrition supply;N uptake;N partition

氮在植物生长、发育中起重要作用，植物主要由根系从土壤中吸收氮素，运输至各个器官间。氮的吸收和合理分配对果树生长发育，果实产量和品质起重要作用［1］。因此，氮素的吸收和分配一直是果树生产研究的热点［2－4］。通过合理施肥提高氮素利用率［5］、促进果树生长发育、构建良好树形［6］、实现果园优质高产是果树氮素管理的主要目的。为提高氮素利用率，以往施氮多采用生长季内关键物候期一次或分次大量施氮的方法［7－9］，每次施肥后土壤中速效态氮浓度变化剧烈，前期浓度高，随时间延长逐渐降低，甚至出现氮肥供应断线。在这种施肥方式下，果树氮素的分配在生长季内表现出往极性器官内分配的特点，即分配中心随生长中心器官的转移而转移［10－12］，生长中心器官和非中心器官分配差异大。近年来，缓控释氮肥以及灌溉施肥技术在果园生产中得到应用，使氮素养分供应得到控制，实现了氮素养分的稳定供应，提高了氮素利用率［13］，不同于以往的分次撒施施肥方法，这种施肥方式使整个果树在生长季内，土壤中速效态氮浓度的变化较小［14－15］，这种供氮方式称为氮素养分稳定供应，以往的分次撒施称为氮素养分非稳定供应。目前在盆栽和大田试验中均有养分稳定供应下施肥时期［4，7，9］对果树生长发育及氮素吸收、分配的影响方面的研究，养分非稳定供应下氮素吸收分配的

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