共享-EST Translation Unit13-定语从句翻译

ＥＸ13：I realize now that as a child I sat by, through the years, and literally watched my father kill himself : surely one such victory in my family, for the prosperous leaders who own the tobacco companies, is enough.
EX1：I want to buy a house which is inexpensive yet comfortable.
EX1：我想买一座又便宜又舒适的房子。
But if the attributive clause may cause ambiguity or logic mistake, it should be put after its antecedent, usually as an individual sentence：
EX2: They killed four men and injured the fifth who later died of his wounds.
ＥＸ2： 他们打死四人，打伤一人，伤者后 来因伤势过重而死去。
2. In translation of non-restrictive attributive clause, we usually split it from the main sentence and put it into an independent sentence. (splitting/division)
• EX3: 第一次世界大战是帝国主义列强之 间争夺市场、资源和领土的冲突，因而第 二次世界大战比第一次更复杂。
2) Non-restrictive attributive clause is usually descriptive or explanative rather than restrictive. So if you use them to restrict a noun, sometimes ambiguity may arise.
ＥＸ13： 现在，我意识到了，当我还是一 个孩子的时候，许多年中，我实际上是一 直坐在旁边，看着我父亲自杀。对于那些 生意兴隆的烟草公司的巨头们来说，能在 我家取得这样一种胜利，肯定是够满意了。
EX14. He poured into his writing all the pain of his life and the conviction it had brought to him that the world could be made a better place to live in if the people became the masters of their fate.
Division (分译法)
把结构复杂且较长的定语从句后置，译成 并列分句。 重复先行词的含义，可加上“这”、 “该”、“其”、或译为“它”、“它 们”。 这一方法适合非限制性定语从句，或是长 而复杂的限制性定语从句。
1) Non-restrictive attributive sentences are usually too long to be put in one single sentence:
• Accordingly, attributive clauses can be translated in three ways:
1. Since restrictive attributive clause is to modify a noun, it is usually put before its antecedent. But the clause has to be short enough so as not to break the main sentence. (combination)
的男女主角都是老烟鬼——把像我父亲那样的人 完完全全争取了过去，他们无可救药地抽烟上了 瘾。
ii. Split the long sentence into shorter one according to the order in the English original, 来自百度文库specially when the the order is in accordance with one in the Chinese version.
示原因）
A few Rules to Go By
i. Split the modifiers or clauses into several shorter sentences so as to make the Chinese version more coherent.
ＥＸ10： The tobacco industry, coupled with
ＥＸ6：They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country.
EX6: 他们企图扑灭反抗，结果反抗越来越猛，
遍及全国。(表示结果）
EX7: In a dispute between two states with which one is friendly, try not to get involved.
他在作品里倾诉了自己一生的痛苦和这种痛 苦给他带来的一种信念，认为如果人民成为 自己命运的主人，世界就会变得美好。
EX11：I pick them up, take them into the
kitchen, where the light is better, and study
them—they’re filtered, for which I am
grateful.
• EX11: 我拿起香烟，走到厨房里去仔细察 看，那里的光线好一点——谢天谢地，那 是有过滤嘴的。
EX5: 收留外国学生的美国家庭得不到报酬，但可
以少量地减少所得税。
3. Sometimes an attributive clause doesn’t serve as attributive at all. Instead, it is to explain the reason, condition, result and concession. Therefore, it can be translated into adverbial. (Conversion)
EX8: 国际化的趋势开始于20世纪70年代， 当时二战后建立起来的固定汇率制瓦解了。 （表示时间）
EX9: Copper, which offers very little resistance,
is used so widely for carrying electricity.
EX9: 铜的电阻很小，所以广泛用来输电。（表
EX3: World War II was more complex than
World War I, which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, recourses and territories.
EST Translation
Unit 13 Translation of Attributive Clause
INTRODUCTION
Attributive clause includes Restrictive Attributive Clause (RA) and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause (NRA). RA clauses have a close relation to the words they modify (or their antecedent先行 词). NRA clause and its antecedent is not close, characterized by a comma between the principal and the attributive clause, holds a loose relationship with the antecedent, functioning as a supplementary part in the sentence.
Hollywood movies in which both male and female
heroes smoked like chimneys, completely won
over people like my father, who were hopelessly
hooked by cigarettes. EX10: 烟草业，再加上好莱坞电影——影片中
EX12：In these poor countries, as in
American inner cities and on reservations,
money that should be spent for food goes
instead to the tobacco companies; over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing themselves.
Combination (合译法)
把定语从句译成 “…的” 这一结构，作前置 定语。 这一方法适合于较短的限制性定语从句。 因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密 切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。 也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较 短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因 拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情 况下也可以译成前置定语结构。
EX12：就像在美国的市中心和印第安人的居
留地上发生的事一样，在这些贫困的国家里， 那些本应该花在食物上的钱却流进了烟草公司。 久而久之，人们不但缺少食物，而且还缺少空 气，这样不但大大削弱了孩子们的体质，还使 他们染上了烟瘾, 最终使他们丧命。
iii. Split the long sentence in Chinese according to the native range of Chinese.
EX4: His father, who is in Hongkong, will return to Taipei next week.
• ＥＸ4－V1：他在香港的爸爸下星期要回台 北。(他还有别的爸爸） • ＥＸ4－V２：他爸爸现在在香港，下星期 回台北。
But please remember: There’s no rule without exception. Some non-restrictive attributive clauses are also restrictive in meaning. EX5: American families, which host foreign students, are not paid, though they are allowed a small income tax deduction.
EX7: 当两国发生争端时，如与两国都友好， 则力避卷入。（表示条件）
EX8: The trend towards globalization began in the early 1970s when the system of fixed exchange rates, set up after World War II, was dismantled.