谢孟媛语法(比较)(33-37)

比较一. 比较变化1. 规则变化原级+er,est原级字尾有e+r,st短母音加子音>重复字尾+er,est 母音a,e,i,o,u子音+y>去y+ier,iestmore,most+多音节2. farther, furtherRome is farther from London than Paris is. Farther/further 表距离Did you get further information? Further['fə:ðə] 表程度3. latelater latest 时间latter last 顺序He got up later than usual.The latter part of the story was interesting.This is the latest news from America. latest news最新消息This is his last work.4. oldolder oldest 表年龄elder eldest 表长幼He is older than I.My elder(长辈)/older(老) brother is in Taipei.二. 原级比较1. Sports are as important as studies.He is as nice a person as his father.2. He does not work as/so hard as his brother (does).This Japanese-video game is not as/so expensive as the Taiwanese-one.3. She has as many dresses as her sister (does).I don’t know as many people as she (does).4. …times as…as…The bridge is twice as long as that one.=That bridge is half as long as this one.Imported books cost three times as much as Taiwanese books.cost v.价值Taiwanese books cost one tried as much as imported books.<注意>可以用length (long), width (wide),height (high),weight (heavy) ,depth (deep),size (large, big)This box is one quarter as large as that one.=This box is one quarter the size of that one.5. As…as possible/on e canCall the police as soon as possible/you can.as soon as possible (a.s.a.p)soon 时间快quick/quickly 速度快I told him to come home as early as possible/he could.As…as 惯用片语as busy as a bee 非常忙碌as cool as a cucumber 极端冷静as cunning as a fox 十分狡猾cunning ['kʌniŋ] adj. 狡猾的；可爱的；巧妙的as dead as a doornail 了无声息/完全(或肯定、确实无疑地)死了的，确已僵死了的doornail ['dɔ:nei] n. 门钉，大头钉子nail n. 指甲；钉子as flat as a pancakeflat [flæt] adj. 平坦的pancake ['pænkeik] n. 煎饼as sweet as honey 非常甜美as like as two peaspea [pi:] n. [植]豌豆特殊句型6. Not so much… as… 与其说…不如说…It was not so much a crime as a mistake.=It was rather a mistake than a crime.=It was a mistake rather than a crime.7. Not so much as…/without so much as… 连…也没有The man didn’t so much as apologize to me.didn’t apo logize 用原形He left me without so much as saying thanks.without saying 用VIng8. As…as ever 依然She looks as happy as everHe is as great an artist as ever lived.everDid you ever go fishing? 你曾经钓过鱼吗?Do you ever go fishing (in you free time)? 你平常钓鱼吗?9. A s…as any+单数名词和任何人一样He is as hardworking as any (person) in the village.person 可省10. As many/much as+数词多达…As many as fifty thousand birds spend the winter here.I paid as much as 200 dollars for this sweater.11. “多达”的其他表现Radio broadcasting started as early as 1920.He goes to movies as often as three times a month.12. As many/much… 同数的,同量的I found six mistakes in as many lines.The tour group visited five cities in as many days.13. As good as… 几乎等于… 非褒义This house is a great buy. It’s as good as n ew.This house is a great buy. 买对了His car is as good as a piece of junk. 像垃圾一样垃圾贬义三. 比较级比较1. ThanDogs are cleverer than cats.表全体狗: a dog/dogsShe can speak English better than I/me/I can. 副词比较级2. …the 比较级of the two 两者中较This guitar is the better of the two.3. 强调比较级much/many, even, far, by far, far and away, a lot/lots, ~得多still, 更加地a good deal, a great deal, 相当地somewhat rather, 稍微a bit, a little bit, a little 一点点large 容量大big 体积大大份薯条用large1. His house is much larger than mine.“大”是抽象用much强调2. You will find many more amusements in big cities than small towns.“游乐场”是可数用many强调4. 劣等比较~less 原级than ~ ~比~较不Going by bus is less expensive than going by taxi.=Going by bus is not as expensive as going by taxi.=Going by taxi is more expensive than going by bus.Instant noodles are less nutritious than rice.instant food 速熟食品fast food 速买食品5. 省略thanI have to study English harder this year because I’m a third yearstudent. 三年级学生Why don’t you use a sharper knife?重要表现6. More~than… 与其…不如~She was more sad than angry.她是难过It is more flattery than praise.与其说是称赞不如说是讨好形容词不管是单音节或多音节,都用more+adj.形式flattery ['flætəri]7. 比较级and比较级越来越…It’s getting darker and darker.Entrance exams are becoming more and more difficult.8. The 比较级…,the比较级… 越…就越…The order we grow, the weaker our memory becomes.The longer I waited, the less patient I become.The more we get together, the happier we will be.The more time you have, the more work you can do.9. (all)the比较级for+名词/because~ 因为~因此便….We respect him (all) the more for his honesty.We respect him (all) the more because he is honest.因为诚实我们更尊敬他She works all the harder because she is a mother.因为身为人母,他更努力工作.注意负面时He worked none the harder because he became a father.虽说成为父亲但并不代表会更努力工作.None the比较级for+名词/because~ 因为~因此便….10. Much less… 更不用说I don’t like mathematics, much less physics.Mathematics is hard. 一个科目,单数名词The old man cannot even work, much less run.11. Superior to~, senior to~本身含有比较含有的单词,不可用than,改用toSuperior, inferior 优秀的,拙劣的[sju:'piriə] [in'fiəriə]My inferiors 我的晚辈Senior, junior 年长的,年幼的Major, minor (程度)较大的,较小的['mainə]Prior, posterior 前面的,后面的['praiə] [pɔ'stiəriə]Postwar 战后He is five years older than I=He is five years senior to me.=He is senior to me by five years.I prefer playing sports to watching them.Prefer 动词哦12. More or less, sooner or laterOur guess was more or less correct.more or less adv.多多少少Sooner or later you will find your missing child.13. Know better than~(toVR) 不会傻到Had better~(VR) 最好~I know better than to go sailing without a life jacket.You had better not go.14. No more than等no和notI have no money.I don’t have any money.No=not any1. No more than = only 只有~而已I have no more than 100 dollars.我有100元,再没有其他了>只有2. Not more than = at most 顶多~I have not more than 100 dollars.我没有更多100元>顶多3. No less than = as much as 有~之多I have no less than 100 dollars.我有100元,再没有更少的了>我有100耶!4. Not less than = at least 至少I have not less than 100 dollars.我没有少于100元.>至少15. No more~ than~ 等1. No more~ than~ 和~一样不I am no more mad than you are.我和你一样少疯>不疯2. Not more~ than~ 不像~那样~I am not more mad than you are.我不比你多疯>没你疯3. No less~ than~ 与~同样地~I am no less mad than you are.我和你一样多疯>很疯4. Not less~ than~ 与~有过之而无不及I am not less mad than you are我不比你少疯>半斤&八两四. 最高级A. 最高级+in~/of~/that+S+V1. February is the shortest of all the months.2. He drives (the) most carefully of us all.副词最高级the常省3. This is the finest view that I’ve ever seen.4. Picasso is one of the most famous painters of the 20th century.毕加索5. This is the tried most popular song in the hit chart this week.最受欢迎中的第三B. 强调最高级Very, much, by far, far and away1. She is much/by far/far and away the best singer in the country.She is the very best singer in the country.C. The的省略1. 同一人事物不加theThis lake is the deepest in Japan.This lake is deepest here. 此湖这里最深The air in this area is the cleanest in Japan.The air in this area is cleanest when the factories are closed.2. 叙述用法不加theI am happy. 叙述用法I am a happy girl. 补述用法补了happyI feel happ iest when I’m with my friend.也可理解为同一人不加theD. 三级互换Bob is more handsome than any other boy in my class.=No other boy in my class is more handsome than Bob.=No other boy in my class is as handsome as Bob.因为我们班包括Bob所以加other重要表现E. Even+最高级甚至连…1. Even the richest man in the world can’t buy her heart.2. Even the most talented student in our class wasn’t able to answer it.F. At best/at the best, at most/at the most 顶多It will take at (the) most/best three hours to reach out destination.注意at one’s be atThe plum blossoms there are now at their best.bloom [blu:m] .n :花in bloom 盛开（指花）. v :1.看上去很健康例：Jane is positively blooming with health these days.简这些日子以来身体确实健康起来2.开花。