谢孟媛英语初级语法笔记43-51集

Unit 4 关系代名词关系代名词的功用........连接词+代名词例如1. I have a friend. The friend lives in paris. 我有位朋友，这个朋友住在巴黎。

I have a friend and he lives in paris. 用and 连接I have a friend who lives in paris. Who 不是谁的意思，是关系代名词。

住在巴黎的朋友英文是 a friend who lives in paris(这是形容词子句)语言顺序为先行词＋关系代名词，但也有下列句子。

例如1. There was an old man in the apartment who was very rich. 那个公寓里过去住着一位非常富有的老人。

也可以这样说There was an old rich man in the apartment .例如2. I met two girls, one of whom is my cousin. 我遇见两个女孩，其中一个是我的表妹。

口语中常用who 也可以I met two girls and one of them is my cousin.所有格加名词。

动词的后面是受格，介系词后加受格。

人称代名词受格位置在后面；关系代名词受格位置在前面。

格例句主格＋动词the man who talked to me. 该男子和我说话所有格＋名词the man whose car was stolen. 该男子的车被偷了受格＋主词＋动词the man whom/who I met. 我所会见的人(口语中常用who)主格的关系代名词1. 主格Who-----先行词（人）＋主格关系代名词Who＋动词例如1. The man is my father.The man(重复不要) wears sunglasses. 把这两句合并一句The man who(做主词，做连接词) wears sunglasses is my father.带太阳镜的那个人是我的父亲修饰名词形容词子句例如2. I don’t like people.They get out of temper easily. 这两句合并一句。

I don’t like people who get out of temper easily.我不喜欢容易发脾气的那种人。

修饰名词形容词子句2.主格Which-----先行词（事物；动物）＋主格关代Which＋动词例如1. I live in the house.The house stands on the hill. 这两句合并一句。

House Stands on 坐落于，位于I live in the house which stands on the hill. 我住在那幢坐落在山丘上的房子里。

例如2. English is a language.It’s spoken all ove r the world. 这两句合并一句。

English is a language which is spoken all over the world. 英文是世界通用的语言。

Japanese is a language which is spoken in Japan. 日文是在日本说的语言。

3.主格关代That＋先行词（人,事,动物）＋主格关代名词That＋动词例如1.帮医生照顾病人的人称为护士。

Patient名词是病人，动词是有耐心People who / that help doctors and look after patients are called nurses.例如2.我喜欢这幢被吴先生设计出来的大楼。

办公大楼the office buildingI like the building which/that was designed by Mr.Wu.主格关代其后所接的动词须与先行词一致例如1. Tom is one of the boys who are fond of sports. Tom是那些喜欢运动男孩中的其中之一例如2. I know a child who is good at surfing. 我认识一位很会冲浪的小朋友。

Surfing 冲浪Surf the internet 上网，互联网例如3. Adults don’t like children who tell lies. 大人不喜欢说谎话的孩子。

That 的不同用法1指示代名词→那个的意思例如:The weather in Kaohsiung is hotter than that in Taipei. 高雄的天气比台北的热。

2指示形容词例如Look at that dog. 看那只狗。

That 不是代名词而是指示形容词，在名词的前面。

3关系代名词例如1. The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy。

正在弹吉他的那个男孩是吉米。

That代替the boy，that 又是主词又是连接词4连接词例如I think that honesty is the best policy. 我认为诚实为上策。

that 只是连接词所有格的关系代名词所有格whose ----先行词（人.事物.动物）＋所有关代whose ＋名词。

例如1. I know a girl. Reporter记者，没有特指。

Journalist新闻记者Her father is journalist. 合并一句Ｉknow a girl whose father is a journalist . 我认识一位父亲是新闻记者的女孩。

I know a boy whose mother is a English teacher .我认识一位妈妈是英文老师的男孩。

例如2. Look at the house.Its roof was damaged. 合并一句Look at the house whose roof(主词) was damaged. 你看那个屋顶受损害的房子。

受格的关代名词1受格whom ----先行词（人）＋受格关代whom ＋主词＋动词＋介词例如1. The man is a teacher.She married him. 合并一句The man whom/who she married is a teacher. 她嫁给了一位老师。

口语中常用who例如2. The woman has just left the office.You want to see her. 合并一句The woman whom/who you want to see has just left the office. 你想要看的那个女人刚刚离开了办公室。

2受格which –先行词（事物，动物）＋受格关代which ＋S＋V＋介词例如1. Here is a magazine.I borrowed it from Miss Wang. 合并一句Here is a magazine which I borrowed from Miss Wang. 这里有一本我找王小姐借的杂志。

例如2. Remember the advice.I gave you the advice. 合并一句Remember the advice which I gave you. 记住我给你的忠告。

A piece of advice 一个忠告。

Two pieces of a advice 二个忠告。

受格that ----先行词（人.事物.动物）＋受格关代that＋S＋V＋介词例如1.The little girl is very cute.My dad is talking to her. 合并一句The little girl who/whom/that my dad is talking to is very cute. 那个和我父亲说话的小女孩非常可爱。

例如2. 我们午餐吃的三明治不好吃。

The sandwich es which/that we ate fo r lunch were not delicious.Eat+物+for+餐→吃什么物品当哪一餐特别注意的关系代名词。

1受格的关系代名词可以省略。

例如：足球是我最喜欢的运动。

Soccer is the sport which/ that I like the best.2介词＋受格关系代名词O+S+V+介词，介词可以拿到受词的前面例如1. The woman whom/who/that you are speaking of is our principal. 你提到的女人是我们的校长。

可以省略The woman of whom you are speaking is our principal. Speak of 提及Of放在关系代名词之前时，后面只能接whom，而且不能省略。

例如2. The train which/that I am waiting for is now half an hour late .我等的那车晚了半小时。

可以省略把介词for 拿到前面来The train for which I am waiting is now half hour late. 不能用that delay 延迟3关系代名词只用that①先行词前有最高级时只能用that。

例如：今天是我们经历过的最寒冷的一天。

Today is the coldest day that we have ever experienced.②先行词前有序数时只能用that。

例如：肯尼是首位冲出教室的男孩。

Kenny was the first boy that rushed out of the classroom. Rush out 冲出有对象时+ofHe stands in front of me. 他站在我的前面。

Of 的后面如果没有对象，of 就要省略。

He stands in front. 他站在前面。

rush hours尖峰时刻③先行词为人事物或动物同时出现，用that。

例如Take a look at the boy and his dog that are coming this way. 看一看正朝着这个方向来的男孩和他的狗。

Take a look at就是look at的意思，看一看Take+a+名词表示一种动作或者一种行为④先行词之前有疑问词who(谁),which (哪一个);为了避免重复,用that。