美国文学选读作家对应作品流派
美国文学作家以及作品总汇
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美国文学部分(American Literature)一.独立革命前后的文学(The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence)1.本章考核知识点和考核要求:1).殖民地时期的文学的特点2).主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品2.独立革命前后时期的主要作家本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林,散文家、科学家、社会活动家,曾参与起草―独立宣言。
《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack《致富之道》The Way to Wealth《自传》The Autobiography托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩,散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。
《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise《常识》Common Sense《美国危机》American Crisis《人的权利》Rights of Man《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism《理性时代》The Age of Reason菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺,著名的―革命诗人‖。
《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖1二.美国浪漫主义文学(American Romanticism)1.本章考核知识点和考核要求:1).美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景2).主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格3).清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文,美国著名小说家,被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle《纽约外史》A History of New York《见闻札记》The Sketch Book《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说,其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。
十九世纪西方文学流派概况一览表之五美国
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自然主义倾向。描写大城市贫民窟的生活景象。
小说《红色英勇勋章》
反战小说。审视战争的视角和侧重表现普通参展者心理现实的方法,受到20世纪反战小说家重视。
欧·亨利
1862—1910
著名短篇小说家
代表性作品:
《麦琪的礼物》《最后一片藤叶》《警察与赞美诗》《带家具出租的房间》等。
善于通过描写“小人物"不幸命运,揭示资本主义的不平与虚伪.艺术上有“欧·亨利
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》
60年代乡土小说
布勒特·哈特
《咆哮营的幸运儿》
乡土小说(西部文学)代表作家,西部文学扛鼎之作作之一.
19世纪中期
马克·吐温
1835-1910
原名:
塞缪尔·朗赫恩·克莱门斯
现实主义文学最杰出的作家,吸取乡土小说某些表现手法,为美国民族文学的繁荣作出了重大贡献。把早期美国文学推向高峰。被称为“美国文学中的林肯"、“真正的美国文学之父”.以地道的美国本土文学跨进世界文学之林。
推理小说《毛格街的谋杀》、《失窃的信》
西方推理小说鼻祖。
他的小说创作分为推理和恐怖小说两种。
恐怖小说《厄舍古屋的倒塌》
哥特式小说特征,对美国后来南方小说产生影响.
浪漫主义文学后期
拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生
散文作家、诗人、演说家
《论文集》、《诗集》
影响广大,许多名句成了以后美国社会思想的经典性言论。尼采、柏格森等曾受其影响
《白牙》
描写动物小说。
《铁蹄》
政治幻想小说。
代表作:《马丁·伊登》
半自传体长篇小说。个人奋斗而获得名利地位的“美国梦“破灭的悲剧。
亨利·詹姆斯
著名心理小说家
重要作品:中短篇小说《黛西·密勒》《螺丝在拧紧》《丛林猛兽》;长篇小说《贵妇人画像》《专使》
美国文学作家作品流派(精华整理版)
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1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack穷查理历书;The Way to Wealth致富之道;The Autobiography自传2、Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise税务员问题;Common Sense常识;American Crisis美国危机;Rights of Man人的权利:Downfall of Despotism专制体制的崩溃;The Age of Reason理性时代3、Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲;The British Prison Ship英国囚船;To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳;The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花;The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地4、Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作;The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家;Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田庄;Talks of Travellers旅客谈;The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉5、James Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851 The Spy间谍;The Pilot领航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者;The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer杀鹿者6、William Cullen Bryant威廉·柯伦·布莱恩特1794-1878 The first lyric poet ofdistinction The Poems1821/1932诗选:To a Waterfowl致水鸟-----英语中最完美的短诗;Thanatopsis死亡随想---受墓园派影响; The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林赋;The Flood of Years似水流年7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849(以诗为诗;永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝)Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪诞奇异故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia莱琪儿;Annabel Lee安娜贝尔·李-----歌特风格;首开近代侦探小说先河,又是法国象征主义运动的源头Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木儿和其他诗;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾尔·阿拉夫,帖木儿和其他诗;The Raven and Other Poems乌鸦及其他诗:The Raven乌鸦;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲尔;To Hellen致海伦8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882 The most important figureof New England transcendentalism Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;The American Scholar论美国学者;Divinity;The Oversoul论超灵;Self-reliance论自立;The Transcendentalist超验主义者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英国人的特征;School Address神学院演说Concord Hymn康考德颂;The Rhodo杜鹃花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首开自由诗之先河9.Nathaniel Hawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter红字;The House of the Seven Gables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像10、Henry David Threau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862A leading figure of New England transcendentalism Wadden,or Life in the Woods华腾湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers11、Walt Whitman沃尔特·惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草叶集:Song of the Broad-Axe阔斧之歌;I hear America Singing我听见美洲在歌唱;When Li lacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花开时;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪汉和罢工问题;Song of Myself自我之歌12、Herman Melville赫尔曼·梅尔维尔1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸;Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗1807-1882First American Poet to write the narrative poems The Song of Hiawatha海华沙之歌----美国人写的第一部印第安人史诗;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民谣及其他诗;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布鲁茨的钟楼及其他诗;Tales of a Wayside Inn路边客栈的故事---诗集:An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生礼物/Paul Revere’s Ride保罗·里维尔的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish 迈尔斯·斯坦迪什的求婚----叙事长诗;Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴组诗14、John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰·格林里夫·惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question废奴问题;Voice of Freedom自由之声;In War Time and Other Poems内战时期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封门;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海滩的帐篷Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田园诗15、Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽特·比彻·斯托1811-1896 An anti-slavery writer Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德阴暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧师的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奥尔岛的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人们16、Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗莱德里克·道格拉斯,一个美国黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷锁与我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗莱德里克·道格拉斯的生平与时代17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉·迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉·迪金森诗集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的,玄学的American Literature18、Mark Twain马克·吐温(Samuel Longhome Clemens)---美国文学的一大里程碑The true father of all national literature Lincoln of the literature. The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉维拉县有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad 傻瓜出国记;The Gilded Age镀金时代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer汤姆·索耶历险记;The Prince and the Pauper王子与贫儿;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记;AConnecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亚瑟王宫中的美国佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson 傻瓜威尔逊;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉·达克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg败坏哈德莱堡的人How to Tell a Story怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮营的幸运儿------乡土文学作家20、William Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔1837-1920 A fine example of the American realist novels. The Rise of Silas Lapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Modern Instance现代婚姻; A Hazard of Now Fortunes时来运转;A Traveller from Altruia从利他国来的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读21、Henry Adams享利·亚当斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(历史著作);The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利·亚当斯的教育22、William James威廉·詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意识流”理论) Principles of Psychology心理学原理;The Will to Believe信仰的意志;Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking实用主义:某些旧思想方法的新名称;The Meaning of Truth真理的意义23、Henry James享利·詹姆斯1843-1916 小说:Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐;The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像;The Bostonians波士顿人;The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事;The Wings of the Dove鸽翼;The Ambassadors 大使;The Golden Bowl金碗评论集:French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的画像;Notes and Reviews札记与评论;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小说艺术24、Ambrose Bierce安布罗斯·毕尔斯1842-1914The founder of psychological realism. 小品集:The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的乐趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亚淘出的金块和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull来自空脑壳的蜘蛛网短篇小说集:Tales of Soldiers and Civilians军民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中间;Can Such Things Be?这种事情可能吗?The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼词典(The Applicant申请者)25、Edward Bellamy爱德华·贝拉米1850-1898 Looking Backward:2000-1887回顾:从2000看1887年;Equality平等;The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵:雪司起义的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他26、Edwin Charles Markham马卡姆1852-1940The Man With the Hoe荷锄人27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查尔斯·契斯纳特1858-1932 The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年时代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警长的儿女)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition 一脉相承28、Hamlin Garland汉姆林·加兰1860-1940 Crumbling Idol崩溃的偶像(真实主义veritism);Man Travelled Roads大路(The Return of a Private 三等兵归来);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷兰人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部边地农家子29、O·Henry欧·享利(WilliamSidney Porter)1862-1910The Man Higher Up黄雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯·华顿1862-1937 The House of Mirth欢乐之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班纳姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真时代;The Customs of the Country乡村习俗;A Backward Glance回首往事32、George Santayana桑塔亚那1863-1952 Scepticism and Animal Faith怀疑主义与动物性信仰;The Realms Being存在诸领域(本质/物质/真理/精神领域:4卷)(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三大哲学诗人;Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲:五十书怀);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒33、William E·B Dubois威廉·艾伯·杜波依斯1868-1963 Souls of Black Folk黑人的灵魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隶贸易进入美国;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰(三部曲)34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加·李·马斯特斯1868-1950 A Book of Verse诗集;Maximilian马克西米连(诗集);Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河诗集(Lucinda Matlock鲁欣达·马物罗克)35、Edwin Arlington Robinson鲁宾逊1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---诗体小说;The Town Down the River河上的城镇;The Man Against the Sky衬托着天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃冯的收成;Collected Poems诗集36、Frank Norris弗兰克·诺里斯1870-1902 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人号上的莫兰(romantic);Mc-Teague麦克提格(naturalistic);The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麦诗史(The Octopus章鱼,The Pit小麦交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麦交易所及其他新老西部故事37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900A representative of the American naturalism. Magic:A Girl of the Streets街头女郎梅姬(美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运);The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章;The Open Boat小划子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘来到黄天镇38、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美国的悲剧(被称为美国最伟大的小说);Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗39、Paul Laurence Dumbar 保尔·劳伦斯·邓巴1872-1906 We Wear the Mask我们带着面具他是美国第一个有成就的黑人诗人,被称为“黑种人的桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克·伦敦1876-1916A leading figure of naturalism The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深渊中的人们;The Iron Heel铁蹄;Marti Eden马丁·伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎样成为社会党人;The War of the Classes阶级之间的战争;What Life Means to Me 生命对我意味着什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life热爱生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下41、Upton Sinclair厄普顿·辛克莱尔1878-1968 Spring and Harvest春天与收获;The Jungle屠场(揭发黑幕运动的代表作家);King Coal煤炭大王;Oil 石油;Boston波士顿;Dragon’s Teeth龙齿42、Irving Babbitt欧文·白壁德1865-1933(新人文主义主要代表)Literature and the American College文学与美国学院()要求恢复古典文学教学;The New Laokoon 新拉奥孔;Rousseau and Romanticism卢梭与浪漫主义;Democracy and Leadership民主与领导;On being Creative论创造性43、Villa Sibert Cather维拉·凯塞1873-1947 O,Pioneers啊,先驱们;My Antonia我的安东尼亚;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死44、Gertrude Stein格特鲁德·斯坦因1874-1946The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas爱丽丝·托克拉斯的自传;Tender Button温柔的钮扣45、Robert Frest罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963The most popular Ame. Poet in 20th century A Boy’s Wish少年心愿;North of Boston波士顿之北(Mending Wall修墙,After Apple-picking摘苹果之后);Mountain Interval山间(成熟阶段)(The Road Not taken没有选择的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪涧;A Further Range又一片牧场;A Witness Tree一株作证的树46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德·安德森1876-1941 Windy McPherson’s Son饶舌的麦克斐逊的儿子;Marching Men前进中的人们;Mid-American Chants 美国中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的温斯堡/畸人志;Poor White 穷苦的白人;Many Marriages多种婚姻;Dark Laughter阴沉的笑声The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories鸡蛋的胜利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道为什么47、Carl Sandburg卡尔·桑德堡1878-1967 Always the Young Stranger永远是陌生的年轻人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆无忌惮的狂热;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years战争的年代(林肯传记);The American Songbag美国歌袋;The People,Yes人民,好;Honey and Salt蜜与盐;Corn-huskers辗米机(Fog雾);Smoke and Steel 烟与钢48、Wallace Stevens华莱士·史蒂文斯1879-1955 Harmonium风琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar弹蓝吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction关于最高虚构的札记(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得·昆斯弹风琴;Sunday Morning礼拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems诗集49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956 Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯纳的戏剧;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲学;The American Language美车语言;Happy Days幸福的日子(自传三部曲);Newspaper Days新闻记者的岁月;Heathe Days倡导异端邪说的年代50、William Carlos Williams 威廉·卡罗斯·威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派(意像派的第一部诗选)诗集:Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love爱的历程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留盖尔的肖像;Paterson 佩特森(5卷长诗);Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光兰(长诗)名诗:Red Wheelbarrow红色手推车;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡妇的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父亲;Proletarian Portrait无产阶级画像(from An Early Martyr先驱);The Great American Novels伟大的美国小说;In the American Grain美国性格;Autobiography自传51、Sinclair Lewis辛克莱·刘易斯1885-1951(美国第一个获诺贝尔奖) Dur Mr Wrenn我们的雷恩先生;The Job求职;The Main Street大先进;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith 艾罗史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾尔默·甘特里;Dodsworth多兹沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不会发生在这里;Kingsblood Royal王孙梦52、Ezra Pound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972The farther of modern American poetry and the most influential leader of the Imagist Movement.The Spirit of Romance罗曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派诗选;Cathay华夏(英译中国诗);Literary Essays文学论;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒条;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound庞德诗章(109首及8首未完成稿)53、Hilda Doolittle希尔达·杜丽特尔1886-1961 Sea Garden海的花园;Collected Poems(Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard);The Walls Do Not Fall墙没在倒塌(战争诗三部曲);Tribute to the Angels天使颂;The Flowering of the Rod柳条葳蕤;Tribute to Freud献给弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海伦在伦敦(抒情长诗)54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托马斯·艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普罗夫洛克(荒原意识);The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬礼;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火诫;Death by Water水边之死;What the Thunder Said雷电之言);名诗:Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四个四重奏诗剧:Murder in the Cathedral大教堂谋杀案;Family Reunion大团圆;Cocktail Party鸡尾酒会55、Eugene Oneil尤金·奥尼尔1888-1953The founder of the American drama.American greatest playwright and the only dramatist in American literary history so far to win a Nobel Prize 独幕剧:Bound East to Cardiff东航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home归途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月多幕剧:Beyond the Horizon天边外(其成名作);Anna Christie安娜·克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones 琼斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的儿女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇异的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人来了;The Long Days Journey Into Night进入黑夜的漫长旅程/日长路远夜常深沉56、Katherine Anne Porter 凯瑟琳·安·波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas开花的紫荆花(Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall);Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Stories of K A Porter Ship of Fools愚人船(唯一的一部长篇小说);The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤(回忆录)57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博尔德·麦克利什1892-1982 Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新发现的大陆;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952广播剧:The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空袭58、Michael Gold迈克尔·戈尔德1894-1967 120 Million一亿二千万;Change The World改变世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money 没在钱的犹太人(自传体小说)戏剧:Hoboken Blues;Fiesta节日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美国无产阶级文学选集(与人合编)59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香与烟囱;The Enormous Room大房间;XLI Poems诗41首;Viva万岁;No,Thanks不,谢谢;Collected Poems诗集;Eimi爱米(访苏游记)60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙·威尔逊1895-1972 Travel in Two Democracies在两个民主国家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬兰站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里话:行年六十的沉思;Axel’s Castle阿克塞尔的城堡(象征主义批判的圭阜);The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow创伤与箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA现代语言协会的成果61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥伦比亚大区(The Adventures of a Young Man一个年轻人的冒险;Number One第一号;The Grand Design伟大的计划);Orient Express东方特别快车(游记)62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代) Jazz Age /the Roaring Twenties The Side of Paradise人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night夜色温柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨头短篇小说:Flappers and Philosophers姑娘们和哲学家们;Tales of the Jazz爵士时代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床号→The Ice Palace冰宫;May Days五一节;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨饭店那样大的钻石;Winter Dreams冬天的梦;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重访巴比伦敦The Crack-up崩溃(自传体文集)63、William Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-19621950-the Nobel Prize The foremost southern writer of the 20th century The Marble Faun云石林神(诗集);Soldiers’ Pay兵饷(小说)短篇小说:Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury愤怒与喧嚣;As I lay dying当我垂死的时候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龙,押沙龙(家世小说)64、Malcolm Cowley马尔科姆·考利1898- 译作:法国安德烈·纪德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虚构的会议诗集:Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile’s Return流亡者的回归(研究“迷惘的一代”的专著);A Second Flowering第二次繁荣(The Other War另一种战争)65、Ernest Hemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961(“迷惘的一代”的代表人物)In Our Time在我们的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太阳照样升起;Farewell to Arms永别了,武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣短篇小说:Men Without Women没有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing胜者无所获;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五纵队与首次发表的四十九个短篇政论:To Have and Have Not贫与富回忆录:A Moveable Feast到处逍遥66、Hart Crane哈特·克兰1899-1932 My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情书;Praise for an Urn瓮颂;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen为浮士德和海伦的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge桥(长诗);White Buildings白色的楼房(首部诗集)67、Thomas Wolfe托马斯·沃尔夫1900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel天使,望乡→(续)Of Time and the River时间与河流;The Web and the Rock 蛛网与岩石;You Can’t Go Home Again有家归不得;The Hills Beyond远山(未完成)短篇小说:From Death to Morning从死亡到早晨68、James Langston Hughes 詹姆斯·兰斯顿·休斯1902-1969 Mulatto混血儿(剧本);The Weary Blues疲倦的歌声;Dear Lovely Death亲爱的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈莱姆的莎士比亚;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普尔精选69、John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克1902-1966The foremost writer of the Great Depression during 1930s Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎饼房;In Dubious Battle胜负未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath愤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐头厂街;The Pearl珍珠短篇小说:The Red Pony小红马(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise许诺,The Leader of the People人们的领袖)70、Nathanael West韦斯特1903-1940 The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴尔索·斯纳尔的梦幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗灾之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小说71、James Farrel 法雷尔1904-1979 Studs Lonigan斯塔兹·朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年时代,Judgement Day末日窝审判);Danny O’Neil丹尼·奥尼尔(五部曲);Bernard Carr伯纳德·卡尔(三部曲)短篇小说:Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑队文艺评论:A Note on Literary Criticism文艺评论札记;Literature and Morality文学与道德72、Lillian Hellman丽莲·海尔曼1905-1983 The Children’s Hour孩子们的时光;The Little Foxes小狐狸;Watch on the Rhine守望莱茵河;The Searching Wind彻骨的风;The Autumn Garden秋园;Tos in the Attic阁楼里的玩具;The Days to Come未来的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一处回忆录:An Unfinished Wonman一个事业尚未终了的女人;Pentimento旧画新貌;Scoundrel Time邪恶的时代73、Clifford Odets克利福德·奥德茨1906-1963 Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒来歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失乐园;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜间冲突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl乡村姑娘;The Flowering Peach开花的桃树74、Richard Wright理查德·赖特1908-1960 Uncle Tom’s Children汤姆叔叔的孩子们;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫长的梦;Eight Men八人行75、Eudora Welty尤多拉·韦尔蒂1906- 短篇小说:Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推销员之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories 绿窗帘和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大网和其他故事;The Golden Apples金苹果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法伦的新娘长篇小说:The Robber Bridgeroom强盗新朗;Detta Wedding德尔塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart庞德的心;The Losing Battles失败的战斗;The Optismist’s Daughter乐观者的女儿76、Valdimir Nabokov弗·纳博科夫1899-1977Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海军部大厦塔尖77、Anais Nin安娜伊思·宁1903-1977The Novel of Future未来的小说;Heida海达;House of Incest乱伦之家;Collages拼贴78、Issac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·辛格1904-1991 Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩尔;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin卢布林的魔术师;The Slave奴隶;The Manor庄园;The Estate产业;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敌们,一个爱情故事;Shosha舒莎短篇小说:The Spinoza of Market Street市场街的斯宾诺莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友名篇:Neighbours邻居79、Robert Penn Warren罗伯特·沃伦1905-1989 Night Rider夜间骑士;At He aven’s Gate在天堂门口;All King’s Men国王的全部人马;World Enough and Time足够的世界和时间;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的队伍;A Place to Come to归宿诗集:Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother toDragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968显灵:1966-1968诗选;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此时与彼时1976-1978诗选剧作:Proud Flesh骄傲的血肉之躯;Modern Rhetoric当代修辞学;Birth of Love爱之诞生(选自与Cleanth Brooks合编的Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction)逃亡者集团The Fugitive的宣言书I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立场80、Tennessee William田纳西·威廉斯1911-1983 American Blues美国的布鲁斯;Battle of Angels天使的战斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃动物园;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望号街车;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof热铁皮屋顶上的猫;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏与烟;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰纹;Sweet Bird of Yout可爱的青春鸟81、John Cheever约翰·契弗1912-1982 短篇小说:The Expelled开除短篇小说集:The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories 巨型收音机和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories绿茵山窃贼和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不会在我下一部小说中出现的人物、地点、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陆军准将和高尔夫迷寡妇;The World of Apples苹果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小说选长篇小说:The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特纪事/丑闻;Bullet Park布利特公园;Falconer鹰猎者82、Irwin Shaw欧文·肖1913-1984 Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不来梅港外的水手长篇小说:The Young Lions幼狮;The Troubled Air混浊的空气;Lucy Crown露茜·克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town;Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁声;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork认夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters83、Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·埃利林1914- 长篇小说:Invisible Man看不见的人散文集:Shadow and Act影子与行动;Going to the Territory步入文学界84、Bernard Malamud伯纳德·马拉默德1914-1986 长篇小说:The Natural天生运动员;The Assistant伙计;The Fixer装配工;A New Life新生活;God’s Grace上帝的恩赐短篇小说:The Magic Barrel魔桶85、Landall Jarrel兰达尔·贾维尔1914-1965 诗集:Blood for a Stranger献给一个陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友,小朋友;Losses 损失;Seven-league Crutches七里格长的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界小说:Pictures of an Institution学院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo华盛顿动物园的女人评论:Poetry and the Age诗歌与时代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋转炮塔炮手之死86、John Berryman约翰·贝里曼1914-1972 诗:Homage to Mrs Bradstreet献给布拉兹特里夫人;The Dream Songs梦之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剥夺者(The Ball Poem小球诗);77 Dream Songs;Berryman’s Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc错觉及其他小说:Recovery复原传记:Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩87、Saul Bellow索尔·贝娄1915- 长篇小说:Dangling Man晃来晃去/挂起来的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March 奥基·马奇历险记;Henderson the Rain King雨王汉德逊;Herzog赫索格;Mr Su mmlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的礼物中篇小说:Seize the Day且乐今朝88、Arthur Miller阿瑟·米勒1915- Situation Normal情况正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的儿子;The Death of a Salesman推销员;The Crucible严峻的考验/萨姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge桥头眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays两个星期一的回忆;After the Fall堕落之后;Incident at Vichy维希事件;The Price代价;The Creation of the World and Other Business创世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美国时钟89、Robert Lowell罗伯特·洛厄尔1917-1977 诗:Lord Weary’s Castle威尔利老爷的城堡;Life Studies人生探索名篇:For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead献给联邦死难士→自白诗运动90、J D Salinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格1919- 短篇小说:The Young Folks年轻人短篇小说集:Nine Stories故事九篇中篇小说:Franny弗兰尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠们,把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人长篇小说:The Cather in the Rye麦田守望者91、Betty Frieden贝蒂·弗里丹1921- The Feminine Mystique女性的奥秘;It Changed My Life它改变了我的生活;The Second Stage第二阶段(How to get the Women’s Movement Moving Again)92、Alex Haley亚历克斯·哈利1921-1992 The Autobiography of Malcolm X马尔科姆·艾克斯自传Roots根;Hanning汉宁镇(自传体小说)93、Jack Kerouac杰克·凯鲁亚克1922-1966(“垮掉的一代”奠基者) The Town and the City镇和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums 达摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的梦想;Doctor Sax萨克斯医生;Maggie Cassidy麦琪·卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布鲁斯;Lonesome Traveller孤独的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄凉天使;Satori in Paris巴黎参禅记;Vanity of Duluoz杜卢奥斯的偏见94、Kurt Vonnegut库特·冯尼格特长篇小说:Player Piano自动钢琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat’s Craddle猫的摇篮;Slaughterhouse Five第五号屠场;Mother Night黑夜母亲;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你,罗斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions顶呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽剧,又名不再孤独;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神枪手迪克短篇小说集:Welcome to the Monkey House欢迎到猴房来(Report on the Barnhouse Effect关于巴恩豪斯效应的报告)95、Norman Mailer诺曼·米勒1923- (垮掉的一代;文学恐怖主义者/亡命之徒) 裸者与死者;Barbary Shore巴巴里海滨;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一场美国梦;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself为自己做广告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我们为什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song刽子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大军(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虚构小说;New Journalism新新闻报道96、James Dichey詹姆斯·迪基1923- 诗集:Into the Stone钻入石头;Drowning With Others跟别人一起淹死(The Lifeguard救生员);Helmets头盔;Buckdancer’s Choice班克舞者的选择;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黄道长诗:Deliverance解脱诗论集:The Suspect in Poetry诗歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium从巴别尔到拜占庭97、Joseph Heller约瑟夫·海勒1923- 长篇小说:Catch-22第二十二条军规;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高尔德一样好剧本:We Bombed in New Haven我们轰炸纽黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克莱文杰受审(据Catch-22第八章)98、James Baldwin詹姆斯·鲍德温1924-1987 散文集:Note of a Native Son土生子的笔记;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遗忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作小说:Go Tell it on the Mountain向苍天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room乔万尼的房间;Another Country另一个国度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告诉我火车已开多久;If Beale Street Could Talk 假如比尔能说话;Just Above My Head就在我头上短篇小说集:Going to Meet the Man去见这个人剧本:The Amen Corner阿门角;Blues for Mister Charley为查理先生唱布鲁斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天当我迷失的时候/迷路前后100、Flannery O’Connor弗兰纳里·奥康纳1925-1964 长篇小说:Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它为强暴者所夺走短篇小说集:A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人难寻;Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的一切必然汇合e名文:Good Country People善良的乡下人;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先进去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation;Parker’s Back派克的背101、William Styron威廉·斯泰伦1925- Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中;The Long March长途行军;Set This House on Fire放火烧屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner纳特·特纳的自白;Sophie’s Choice索菲的选择102、Allen Ginsburg艾伦·金斯堡1926- 诗集:Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他(America)(The Beat Generation垮掉的一代的宣言书和代表作);Kaddish and Other Poems卡第绪及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美国的衰弱103、James Wright詹姆斯·赖特1927-1980 诗集:The Green Wall绿墙;Saint Judas圣徒犹大;The Tail and Eyes of a Lion狮子的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break树枝不会断;Shall We Gather at the River我们在河边聚会;Collected Poems;Two Citizens两位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意大利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛开鲜花的梨树;This Journey;A Blessing祝福104、Edward Albee爱德华·阿尔比1928- The Zoo Story动物园的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith贝西·史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美国梦;Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?谁害怕弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫;Tiny Alice小爱丽丝;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque来自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人105、Martin Luther King Jr 马丁·路德·金1929-1968 I Have a Dream;Stride Toward Freedom迈向自由;Strength to Love爱的力量;Why We Can’t Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我们何去何从,纷争还是团结?106、Gary Snyder加里·斯奈德1930- (ecology poet) Riprap大卵石(Piute Creek皮尤特河);Myths & Texts神话与现实;The Back Country偏僻的山村;Regarding Wave观浪(Meeting the Mountain进山);Turtle Island龟岛;Left Out in the Rain:New Poems 1974-1985留在雨中:1974-1985新诗集文集:Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水穷尽六章外一章;The Real Work:Interviews and Talks脚踏实地工作:访问记与演讲稿。
美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品
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美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品第一篇:美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品美国浪漫主义时期文学家及其作品华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving,1783年-1859年),19世纪美国最著名的作家,号称美国文学之父。
出生在纽约一个富商家庭,从少年时代起就喜爱阅读英国作家司各特、拜仑和彭斯等人的作品。
第一部重要作品是《纽约外史》。
1820年,欧文的《见闻札记》出版,引起欧洲和美国文学界的重视,这部作品奠定了欧文在美国文学史上的地位。
此外还有作品《瑞普·凡·温克尔》《睡谷的传说》等。
詹姆斯·库珀(James Cooper,l789年-1851年)美国小说家,早期写有《间谍》《拓荒者》《舵手》,还写了反映欧洲生活的三部曲:《刺客》《黑衣教士》和《刽子手》,表现教权和封建势力在资本主义兴起之前已日趋腐朽和衰落。
在《归途》和《家乡面貌》中不仅讽刺了美国社会,还讽刺了家乡库珀斯敦的一些人物的伪善和愚意,因此而受到舆论攻击。
他最有成就的作品,如《皮袜子故事集》五部曲,对美国的西部小说产生很大影响,至今仍拥有不少读者。
威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特(William Cullen Bryant,1794年-1878年),美国诗人和新闻记者。
美国最早期的自然主义诗人之一。
他的作品包括:《诗集》《泉水与其他》《白足鹿及其他诗》《诗三十首》《自然之声》《似水流年》《游历者的信札》等。
纳撒尼尔·霍桑(Nathaniel Hawthorne,1804年-1864年),19世纪前半期美国伟大的小说家。
其代表作品有:短篇小说集《古宅青苔》、《重讲一遍的故事》等,长篇小说《红字》、《带七个尖顶的阁楼》、《福谷传奇》、《玉石人像》等。
这些都是世界文学史上不可多得的经典名著。
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe,1809年-1849年),十九世纪美国诗人、小说家和文学评论家,在世时长期担任报刊编辑工作。
英美文学流派与作家知识点整理
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英美文学流派与作家知识点整理英美文学源远流长,在其发展历程中涌现出了众多的文学流派和杰出作家,这些流派和作家的作品不仅反映了当时的社会、文化和历史背景,也展现了人类思想和情感的丰富多样性。
以下是对一些重要的英美文学流派与作家的知识点整理。
一、浪漫主义文学浪漫主义文学兴起于 18 世纪末至 19 世纪初,强调个人情感、想象力和自然的重要性。
(一)英国浪漫主义作家1、威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)他是英国浪漫主义诗歌的先驱之一,其作品强调对自然的热爱和对普通人生活的关注。
代表作有《抒情歌谣集》(Lyrical Ballads)。
2、塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)他的诗作充满奇幻的想象和神秘的元素,《古舟子咏》(The Rime of the Ancient Mariner)是其经典之作。
3、乔治·戈登·拜伦(George Gordon Byron)拜伦以其奔放的激情和叛逆的精神著称,作品有《唐璜》(Don Juan)等。
4、珀西·比希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelley)雪莱的诗歌富有理想主义和革命精神,《西风颂》(Ode to theWest Wind)广为流传。
(二)美国浪漫主义作家1、华盛顿·欧文(Washington Irving)他的作品具有浓厚的地方色彩和幽默风格,《瑞普·凡·温克尔》(Rip Van Winkle)是其代表作。
2、詹姆斯·费尼莫·库珀(James Fenimore Cooper)以描写边疆生活和印第安人而闻名,《皮袜子故事集》(The Leatherstocking Tales)是其重要作品。
二、现实主义文学现实主义文学在 19 世纪中叶兴起,注重真实地反映社会现实和生活。
(一)英国现实主义作家1、查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens)狄更斯的作品生动描绘了英国社会底层人民的生活,如《雾都孤儿》(Oliver Twist)、《大卫·科波菲尔》(David Copperfield)。
美国文学主要流派及其代表作
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主要文学流派及其代表作Classicism古典主义As a critical term, a body of doctrine thought to be derived from or to reflect the qualities of ancient Greek and Roman culture particularly in literature, philosophy, art or criticism. Classicism stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes, mainly drawn from the critical utterances of the Greeks and Romans or developed through an imitation of ancient art and literature. These include restraint, restricted scope, dominance of reason, sense of form, unity of design and aim, clarity, simplicity, balance, attention to structure and logical organization, chasteness in style, severity of outline, moderation, self-control, intellectualism, decorum, respect for tradition, imitation, conservatism and "good sense".Its representatives and their major works include:John Bunyan: The Pilgrim's Progress (1678).Neoclassicism新古典主义It mainly applies to the classical tendency which dominated the literature of the 17th century and 18th century. It was, at least , the result of a reaction against the fires of passion which had blazed in the late Renaissance, especially in the metaphysical(十七世纪诗体的)poetry. And Neoclassicism esteemed objectivity, harmony, rationality, dignity, proportion, and moderation, stressed artistic systems and technical correlation of stylistic components, admired conciseness, elegance, good taste and wit, combined pleasure with instruction and matched content to style.Its representatives and their major works are:John Dryden (1631--1700): The World Well Lost (1678);Alexander Pope (1688--1744): The Rape of the Lock (1714),The Dunciad (1742).Early Romanticism浪漫主义Romanticism, as a literary trend, occurred and developed in Europe and America at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries under the historical background of the Industrial Revolution. Romanticism stresses individual and creative function of imagination. It places individual at the very center of all life and all experience and at the center of art.Its characteristics are:(1)Romanticism is a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.(2)For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions are more important than reason andcommon sense.(3)Romantics do not think of the world as a ticking watch made by God(4)They emphasize individualism, placing the individual against the against the group,against authority.(5)They affirm the inner life of the self, and want each person to be free to develop and expresshis own inner thoughts(6)They cherish strong interest in the past, especially the medieval.(7)They are interested in variety and attracted by the wild, the irregular, the indefinite, remote,the mysterious, and the strange.(8)American Romanticism presents an entirely new experience alien to European culture, andproduce a feeling of "newness" which has inspired the romantic imagination.Its representatives and their major works are:Words worth and Coleridge: Lyrical Ballads (1798);Washington Irving: The Sketch Book (1820)High RomanticsAmerican romanticism reaches its peak with the appearance of the major authors of the 19th Century, such as Edgar Allan Poe, Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson in poetry, and Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville in fiction. They took their departure from the complacent romantic impulse of the early 19th century and created for themselves new literary personalities. They established firm ground for their art in well-conceived literary theories and well-structured literary forms.Its representatives and their major worksEdgar Allan Poe: The Raven (1845);Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass (1855);Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet LetterHerman Melville: Moby Dick ( 1851 ).RealismRealism is based on the accurate, unromanticized observation of human experiences. It insists everyday scenes are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner on precise description, authentic action and dialogue, moral honesty and a democratic openness in subject matter and style. As a literary movement, realism refers to the approach of realist fiction occured at the latter part of the 19th century.Its major features are:(1) Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects of contemporary life and everydaysenses are represented in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner.(2) In realist fiction characters from all social levels are examined in depth.(3) Open ending is also a good example of the truthful treatment of material.(4) Realism focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people who are customarilyignored by the arts.(5)Realism emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of humannature and human experience.(6)Romanticism presents moral visions.Its representatives and their major works are:William Dean Howell: A Modern Instance (1882)Mark Twain: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(1884)George Eliot: Adam Bede (1859)The Mill on the Floss(1860)NaturalismNaturalism applies the principles of scientific determinism to fiction. It views human beings animals in the natural world responding to environmental forces and internal stresses and drives,over none of which they have control and none of which they fully understand. Here are three major concepts of literary naturalism in the broad abstract way:(1) Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment.(2) The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to human desires.(3) The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists: the difference is restraint, notaction itself; naturalist characters act out of a similar set of motives and desires, and they differ from their realist counterparts only in being unable to resist the conditions that press upon them.Its representatives and their major works are:Stephen Crane: Maggie, a Girl of the Streets (1893),The Red Badge of Courage (1895);Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie (1899),An American Tragedy (1925)ModernismFrom 1890s to early 1940s, modernism became an international tendency against positivism and representational art and literature. The essence of modernism is a break with the past and it also fosteres a belief in art and literature as an avenue to self-fulfillment. Modernism takes shape in a convergence of tendencies in modern culture, accidental circumstances and concerts efforts on the past of influential writers, some politically conservative and some radical. It includes a wide range of artistic expressions such as symbolism, impressionism, post-impressionism, futurism, imagism, vorticism, expressionism, dada, and surrealism.Its major features are:(1)Modernism dramatizes discontinuity and imminent severance from the past while makingdetermined efforts to use the past, its values and artistic forms, lay emphasis on incorporating them in new literary production.(2)Modernists have a sense of fragmentation in social communities and the fragmentation withinthe individual himself.(3)The distinctive feature of literary modernism is its strong and conscious break withtraditional perceptions and techniques of expression, and its great concern with language all aspects of its medium.Its representatives and their major works are:Thomas Stearns Eliot: The Hollow Men (1922)Ash Wednesday (1930);Ernest Hemingway: A Farewell to Arms (1929),The Old Man and the Sea (1952)Postwar RealismPostwar realism is different from the normative realism of the 19th century. It has been search for vision that can relate an oppressed response to society and history to an awareness of individual loneliness and moral and transcendental hunger both to differentiate and reunite the self and the society and it is not merely a return to the old tradition of realism. Postwar realism embodies great changes in literature along with the great changes in society.Postwar realist writers focus more on spiritual aspects of human life while revealingdenouncing the dark forces in society.Its representatives and their major works are:James Thurber: New Y orker (1925--1933);Updike: The Centaur (1964)Postmodernism1963 is identified as the beginning of Postmodernism. It is characterized by a multiplicity of individual voices. And postmodern fiction shares a common sense that a crisis is at hand for society and for literature and that all forms of dogma, convention, ideology need to be reexamined and replaced if necessary by fresher systems more suitable to the times.Its major features are:(1)Postmodern writers brood over what they perceive to be absence of answers and continuity byemphasizing randomness and discontinuity and by blurring the distinction between author and fictional character. They insist on drawing the reader into the confidence that the text is the only reality.(2)Postmodern fiction seeks to show the form rather than the content of American reality.(3)The fundamental rule of the postmodern fiction is the absurd and the arbitrary.(4)Postmodern writers hold that the reality of modern life is too elusive and uncertain for peopleto rationalize and idealize(5)The distrust of traditional mimetic genres, allied to the philosophical climate of structuralismand deconstruction, has encouraged postmodernism to embrace popular forms, such as detective fiction, science fiction, and fairy tale.Its representatives and their major works are:Kurt V onnegut: The Sirens of Titan (1959),Cat’s Cradle (1963)Raymond Federman: Take It or Leave It (1976)Stream of ConsciousnessThe term "stream of consciousness", coined by William James, is used to indicate a literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters in fiction.There are two levels of consciousness, "the speech level" and "the prespeech level". Stream-of-consciousness novels are greatly concerned with the prespeech level, i.e. with what lies below the surface.Thus the stream-of-consciousness novel can be defined as a type of novel in which the basic emphasis is placed on exploration of the prespeech level of consciousness for the purpose of revealing the psychic being of the characters and of studying human nature. The realm of life with which novel is concerned is mental and spiritual experience, such as sensations, memories, imaginations, conceptions, intuitions, feelings and the process of association.Its representatives and their major works areVirginia Woolf: Mrs. Dalloway (1925),The Waves (1931);James Joyce: Ulysses (1922).。
美国文学流派总结
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美国文学流派总结重农派(Agrarians)迷惘的一代(The Lost Generation)黑山派诗歌(BIack Mountain Poems)垮掉的一代(the Beat Generation)黑色幽默(Black humor)重农派(Agrarians)美国现代南方作家组成的一个松散的文化团体,又称“逃亡者派”。
1915年,一些与田纳西州纳什维尔镇范德比尔特大学有关的文化人常常聚会讨论文学及哲学问题。
第一次世界大战期间集会曾一度中断,1919年重又恢复。
范德比尔特大学教师、诗人约翰·克罗·兰塞姆成为这一活动的实际领导者,他的周围聚集了一批有才华的年轻人,如诗人罗伯特·潘·华伦、阿伦·泰特、唐纳德·戴维森以及小说家安德鲁·纳尔逊·莱特尔、诗人莫里尔·莫尔等。
1922至1925年,他们出版了有影响的小型文艺杂志《逃亡者》,它所发表的重要的文章后来收组成为《逃亡者文选》(1928)。
“逃亡者派”一词即由此而来。
“逃亡者”们提倡维护南方传统的文学地方主义,成为“南方文艺复兴”的一文中坚力量。
1930年,以“逃亡者派”为主体的12个南方作家,其中有兰塞姆、华伦、泰特以及诗人约翰·弗莱彻、剧作家斯塔克·扬格等人,撰写的专题论文集《我要表明我的态度》出版。
这部被看作“重农派”宣言的著作在社会上引起了不小反响。
这些文章的主旨都是以南方农业社会为尺度来评价、批判现代美国资本主义社会。
此后,阿伦·泰特等人编辑出版了“重农派”的第二部论文集《谁占有美国?》(1936)。
30年代经济大萧条时期,重农思想对南方知识分子影响极大。
这种思想不仅贯穿在兰塞姆、戴维森、泰特、华伦等人的作品中,在威廉·福克纳、卡罗琳·戈登、莱特尔以至尤多拉·韦尔蒂等人的小说中也有鲜明的体现,一时形成了一股很有声势的文化潮流,以致有“重农运动”之称。
美国文学理论和流派概述
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文学理论和流派概述发布时间:2008-05-23现代主义 Modernism20世纪初以后西方各个反传统的文学流派、思潮的统称。
现代主义文学深受康德、尼采、威廉·詹姆斯、弗洛伊德、柏格森、荣格等人的哲学、心理学理论的影响。
现代主义在思想内容方面的最大特征,是在人与社会、人与人、人与自然(包括大自然、人性和物质世界)和人与自我4种关系上表现出来的尖锐矛盾和畸形脱节,以及由之产生的精神创伤和变态心理,悲观绝望的情绪和虚无主义的思想。
现代主义强调表现内心的生活、心理的真实或现实;认为艺术是表现,是创造,不是再现,更不是模仿;主张内容即是形式,形式即是内容,离开了形式无所谓内容。
现代主义的重要创作手法之一是自由联想。
在艺术风格上,广泛运用意象比喻、不同文体、标点符号甚至拼写方法和排列形式来暗示人物在某一瞬间的感觉、印象和精神状态;作品结构变化突兀、层次繁多;故事情节似有若无,怪诞荒谬;人物形象扑朔迷离,违背常情常理。
许多西方学者认为,20世纪70年代以后,现代主义已经逐渐被后现代主义所取代。
现代主义主要包括未来主义、达达主义、超现实主义、表现主义、意识流小说、荒诞派戏剧、黑色幽默、存在主义、法国新小说派等文学流派。
意识流小说fiction of stream of consciousness20世纪初兴起于西方、在现代哲学特别是现代心理学的基础上产生的小说类作品。
意识流的概念最早由美国心理学家威廉·詹姆斯所提出。
他认为人的意识活动不是以各部分互不相关的零散方法进行的,而是一种流,是以思想流、主观生活之流、意识流的方法进行的。
同时又认为人的意识是由理性的自觉的意识和无逻辑、非理性的潜意识所构成;还认为人的过去的意识会浮现出来与现在的意识交织在一起,这就会重新组织人的时间感,形成一种在主观感觉中具有直接现实性的时间感。
法国哲学家柏格森强调并发展了这种时间感,提出了心理时间的概念。
奥地利精神病医生弗洛伊德肯定了潜意识的存在,并把它看作生命力和意识活动的基础。
美国文学作家以及作品总汇
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美国文学部分(American Literature)一.独立革命前后的文学(The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence)1.本章考核知识点和考核要求:1).殖民地时期的文学的特点2).主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品2.独立革命前后时期的主要作家本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林,散文家、科学家、社会活动家,曾参与起草―独立宣言。
《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack《致富之道》The Way to Wealth《自传》The Autobiography托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩,散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。
《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise《常识》Common Sense《美国危机》American Crisis《人的权利》Rights of Man《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism《理性时代》The Age of Reason菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺,著名的―革命诗人‖。
《蒸蒸日上的美洲》―The Rising Glory of America‖《英国囚船》―The British Prison Ship‖《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳―To the Memory of the Brave Americans‖《野生的金银花》―The Wild Honeysuckle‖《印第安人殡葬地》―The Indian Burying Ground‖1二.美国浪漫主义文学(American Romanticism)1.本章考核知识点和考核要求:1).美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景2).主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格3).清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文,美国著名小说家,被称为―美国文学之父‖.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle《纽约外史》A History of New York《见闻札记》The Sketch Book《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说,其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。
美国文学选读作家-作品
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美国文学选读作家-作品UNIT【1-10】本杰明·富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin,1706—1790)1732年,他用笔名发表了《格言历书》(Poor Richard's Almanac),内容除历书之外还附有谚语,格言、警句,非常畅销,后作为系列出版物发行25年。
《自传》(The Autobiography)著于1771年至1790年,较为全面、生动而深刻地记载了他个人的生活经历,历来被公认为美国文学中的经典之作。
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar AllanPoe,1809—1849)《帖木尔》(Tamerlane and Other Poems),诗集《艾尔·阿拉夫》(Al Araaf, 1829)《诗集》(Poems, 1831)和《乌鸦及其他诗篇》(The Raven and Other Poems, 1845) ,短篇小说方面的成就更为显著,尤其长于创作哥特式的小说和侦探小说《述异集》(Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, 1840)《故事集》(Tales, 1845)《厄舍古厦的倒塌》(“ T he Fall of the House of Usher”)、《红色死亡假面舞会》(“ The Masque of the Red Death”)、《莉盖亚》(“Ligeia”)、《黑猫》(“ The Black Cat”)、《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》(“ The Cask of Amontillado”)、《莫格街谋杀案》(“ Murders in the Rue Morgue”)、《被窃的信件》(“ The Purloined Letter”)和《金甲虫》(“ The Gold Bug”)。
他的侦探小说情节常跌宕起伏, 诡谲多变,结局常常是在情理之中而又在意料之外,人物城府深邃,个性分明,历来为人称道,一般认为他是西方侦探小说的开山鼻祖。
美国文学选读作家对应作品流派
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•Anne Bradstreet ————American Puritanism•Edward Taylor————American Puritanism•Philip Freneau————American Puritanism•Benjamin Franklin——Poor Richard’s Almanac; The Autobiography——American Puritanism, The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Jonathan Edwards ————The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Thomas Paine——Common Sense——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Thomas Jefferson——Declaration of Independence——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period •Washington Irving——The Sketch Book:The Legend of Sleepy Hollow;Rip Van Winkle——American Romanticism•James Fenimore Cooper——The Leather-Stocking Tales——American Romanticism•William Cullen Bryant——To a Waterfowl;The Yellow Violet——American Romanticism•Ralph Waldo Emerson——Nature;Self-Reliance——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism•Henry David Thoreau——Walden;On the Duty of Civil Disobedience——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow——The Song of Hiawatha——American Romanticism●Walt Whitman——Leaves of Grass——American Romanticism●Nathaniel Hawthorne——The Scarlet Letter;The House of the Seven Gables; Young Goodman Brown——American Romanticism•Herman Melville——Moby Dick——American Romanticism•Edgar Allan Poe——The Raven;Ligeia;The Fall of the House of Usher;The Poetic Principal——American Romanticism•Emily Dickinson————American Romanticism●William Dean Howells——The Rise of Silas Lapman ;Criticism and Fiction——The Age of Realism ●Mark Twain——The Gilded Age;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn——humor and local colorism;The Age of Realism●Henry James——The Portrait of a Lady;Daisy Miller——Psychological Realism ;The Age ofRealism●Stephen Crane——A Girl of the Streets;The Red Badge of Courage——The Age of Realism;AmericanNaturalism●Theodore Dreiser——Sister Carrie;An American Tragedy——social Darwinism;The Age ofRealism;American Naturalism●Upton Sinclair——The Jungle●Ernest Hemingway——The Sun Also Rises;A Farewell to Arms;For Whom the Bell Tolls; The OldMan and the Sea——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism●F. Scott Fitzgerald——The Great Gatsby——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism ●John Dos Passos——Three Soldiers——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism●William Faulkner ——The Sound and the Fury ——南方文艺复兴时期;Modernism andPost-Modernism●Ezra Pound ——The Cantos;Hugh Selwyn Mauberley ——imagism;Modernism and Post-Modernism●Langston Hughes——The Weary Blues——Harlem Renaissance;Modernism and Post-Modernism⏹Frederick Douglass——My Bondage and My Freedom——Black American Literature⏹Richard Wright——Native Son——Black American Literature⏹Ralph Ellison:——Invisible Man——Black American Literature⏹James Baldwin:——Go Tell It on the Mountain——Black American Literature ⏹Alex Haley:——Roots——Black American Literature⏹Toni Morrison:——The Bluest Eye——Black American Literature●Jack Kerouac——On the Road——The Beat Generation,当代文学●Allen Ginsberg——Howl——The Beat Generation●William S. Burroughs——Naked Lunch——The Beat Generation●Joseph Heller——Catch-22——Black Humor●J.D. Salinger——Catcher in the Rye。
美国文学选读第三版作者与作品名
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美国文学选读第三版作者与作品名1.Benjamin Franklin(本杰明.富兰克林)代表作:<自传>The Autobiography<格言历书>Poor Richard’s Almanac2.Edgar Allan Poe (埃德加.爱伦.坡)代表诗歌:<帖木尔〉“Tamerlane and Other Poems”<艾尔.阿拉夫〉“Al Araaf”<乌鸦及其他诗篇〉“The Raven and Other Poems”<致海伦〉“To Helen”Poe’s poetic theories1,The poem should be short, readable at one sitting2, Its chief aim is beauty, namely, to produce a feeling of beauty in the reader.3, “the death of a beautiful woman is, unquestionably, the most poetical topic in the world.”4, Poe is opposed to “the heresy of the didactic” and calls for “pure” poetry 5, Poe stresses rhythm, and declares that “music is the perfection of the soul, or idea, of poetry.”短篇小说:《厄舍大厦的倒塌>“The Fal l of the House of Usher”<阿芒提拉多的酒桶〉“The Cask of Amontillado”3.Emerson 爱默生代表作:<论自然〉Nature宣扬超验主义代言人哲学《论美国学者》“The American Scholar”地位:文学界独立宣言《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address”4.Hawthorne 霍桑代表作:《红字》 The Scarlet Letter<带有七个尖角阁的房子〉The House of the Seven Gables<玉石雕像〉The Marble Faun5.Melville梅尔维尔代表作:《白鲸》Moby Dick《玛地》Mardi《白外衣》White Jacket6.Thoreau梭罗代表作:《沃尔登》Walden《论公民的不服从》“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience”<马萨诸塞州的奴隶制〉“Slavery in Massachusetts”7 whiteman:沃尔特惠特曼free verse【Free verse】 is a form of poetry that refrains from consistent meter patterns, rhyme, or any other musical pattern.Some poets have explained that free verse, despite its freedom, must still display some elements of form. Most free verse, for example, self-evidently continues to observe a convention of the poetic line in some sense, at least in written representations, thus retaining a potential degree of linkage, however nebulous, with more traditional forms. Donald Hall goes as far as to say that "the form of free verse is as binding and as liberating as the form of a rondeau."[1] and T. S. Eliot wrote, "No verse is free for the man who wants to do a good job."[2] Some poets have considered free verse restrictive in its own way. In 1922 Robert Bridges voiced his reservations in the essay 'Humdrum and Harum-Scarum.' Robert Frost later remarked that writing free verse was like "playing tennis without a net".; Leaves of Grasmain works: “Leaves of Gras”草叶集“One’s Self I Sing”我歌唱自我“O Captain!My Captain”噢,船长,我的船长在草叶集中采用自由诗的诗歌形式,完全冲破了传统诗歌的限制,既没有诗行长短的规定也无对应的押韵,诗歌的节拍是按照日常说话的自然节奏,变化无常,出神入化,充满了个性。
【美国经典文学】
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【美国经典文学】●浪漫主义时期文学经典(1800-1865)欧文Washington Irving爱伦·坡Edgar Allen Poe小说霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne梅尔维尔Herman Melville超验主义爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson梭罗Henry David Thoreau 散文诗歌惠特曼Walt Whitman浪漫主义迪金森Emily Dickinson●现实主义文学经典第一阶段(1865-1918)马克·吐温Mark Twain亨利·詹姆斯Henry James伊迪斯·华顿Edith Wharton杰克·伦敦Jack London德莱赛Theodore Dresier菲茨杰拉德F·Scott Fitzgerald小说(1918-1945)海明威Earnest Hemingway散文诗歌(1918-1945)意象派庞德Ezra Pound斯蒂文斯Wallace Stevens威廉William Carlos William卡明斯E·E·Cummings芝加哥学派与新英格兰学派诗人桑德堡Carl Sandburg弗罗斯特Robert Frost 当代美国文学经典(1945- )塞林格J·D·Salinger莫里森Toni Morrison一、1800-1865)小说1. 欧文 Washington Irving “睡谷的传说”(The Legend Of Sleep Hollow)欧文:美国文学之父第一个在欧洲也斩获名望的美国作家第一个写作为生的美国作家第一个纯文学作家(Belletrist)笔名:Knickbocker (当时纽约时兴的一种穿衣风格/后成为纽约人的代称)故事的起源:德国民间传说“无头骑士”背景:美国独立战争之后旧传统和新趋势之间的冲突和矛盾(在写作上,所谓的“旧传统”指的是以卡夫卡为代表的“故事中的每一个句子都不是无用的”,新趋势则是“有趣”。
美国文学史中的各时期作家及代表作品
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美国文学史中的各时期作家及代表作品早期的美国文学是从欧洲文学的样式和风格中衍生出来的。
例如,维兰德和查尔斯·布罗克登·布朗的小说创作就是对英格兰哥特小说的模仿。
就连华盛顿·欧文的杰作《李伯大梦》和《沉睡谷传奇》也是十足的欧洲风格,只是故事发生的场景改为美国而已。
美国文学的诞生美国第一位在小说和诗歌创作领域取得显著成就的作家是艾德加·爱伦·坡(1809-1849),他于1835年开始短篇小说的创作,其作品包括《红死病》、《陷坑与钟摆》、《颓败之屋》和《莫尔格街凶杀案》。
他的创作触及了前人很少涉及的心理学领域,并且将神秘、幻想等元素融入小说创作之中。
1837年,年轻的作家纳撒尼尔·霍桑(1804-1864)将他的一些短篇小说集结成册出版,名为《重讲一遍的故事》。
这是一部包含了丰富的象征主义及神秘主义元素的作品。
后来,霍桑又开始写作长篇的传奇小说、类寓言小说,他的本土小说《新英格兰》以人类的内疚、荣耀和情感上的压抑为主题。
霍桑的代表作是《红字》,讲述一个因通奸行为而被驱逐出社区的女人的故事。
霍桑的小说创作对他的朋友,作家赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(1819年-1891年)产生了深远的影响。
赫尔曼·梅尔维尔以自己早期的水手经历为蓝本创作了许多富有异国情调的小说。
在霍桑的影响下,麦尔维尔的小说中也融入了很多哲学上的思索。
在其代表作《白鲸》中,作家通过对一场惊心动魄的捕鲸历程的描述,表达了对人类痴迷状态、人性中罪恶成分以及人类如何战胜这些天性的思索。
在他的另一部短篇杰作《比利·巴德》中,梅尔维尔则戏剧性的描写了战争时期一艘船上人们责任和同情心的主题。
梅尔维尔的那些涵义深远的杰作销量少得可怜,而梅尔维尔本人在有生之年也没有获得应有的声誉。
直到20世纪初期他的作品才重新被人发掘并被给予公正的评价。
1836年,曾经做过联邦政府部长的拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生(1803年-1882年)出版了一部散文作品《自然》,主张人类可以通过学习和研究自然世界来代替笃信宗教或试图达到某种玄妙的精神境界。
美国文学Introduction
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Introduction to the CourseI. Course Objectives1. 历史背景Enable the Ss to get a general knowledge about the history of America;2. 文学运动Enable the Ss to know the four literary periods and literary movements in American literary history;3. 作家作品赏析Enable the Ss to know the background, representative writers and their works of each period in American literary history4. 文学批评Literary criticismEnable the Ss to appreciate a literary work from different perspectivesII. How to study literature?1. Historical ApproachAims at illustrating the historical development of literature.2. Thematic Approach“What is the story, the poem, the play or the essay about?”2. Analytical ApproachBe familiar with the elements of a literary work, eg: plot, characterization, setting, subject matter, writing style, point of view, etc; answer some basic questions about the text itself.III.Modes of teaching and learning1. Lectures2. Study groups: 12-15 Study groups, 4 students in 1 group and each group is responsible for one writerOral presentation and a nswer teacher’s questions in classWrite down the answers to the questions from the teacher and other groups and tell the answers to the students in the next classWrite an essay on the writer or his novels as part of your mid-term exam (one group, one essay) (at least 800 words ) and answer the questions raised from the teacher on the basis of the paper.IV. Grade determinant1. In-class performance Attendance 20%Absent -5, late and ill -3Study groups: answer questions of the teacher and the other groupsQuiz2. Mid-term test 20%Essay3. Final exam: Close-book test 60%Types of examination-Matching the authors with their works-Multiple choice questions-True and false statements-Defining the literary terms or answering questions-Analyzing the theme, characters and language of a selected readingV. Reference book1. Course Book: 曹曼. 美国文学教程2. Reference Books:[1] 常耀信. 美国文学选读[Z]. 天津:南开大学出版社,1991.[2] 常耀信. 美国文学简史[Z]. 天津:南开大学出版社,1990.[3]吴定柏. 美国文学大纲[Z]. 上海:上海教育出版社,1998[4]吴伟仁编. 美国文学史及选读(第1、2册)[Z]. 北京:外研社[5] 童明. 美国文学史外研社3. Journals:《外国文学评论》《外国文学研究》《外国文学》《当代外国文学》《国外文学》4. 其他外语类核心期刊Introduction to American literature1. Ten American Writers winning the Nobel Prize for Literature Sinclair Lewis (1930) Eugene O’Neill(1936)Pearl Buck(1938) T.S.Eliot (1948)William Faulkner (1949) Ernest Hemingway (1954)John Steinbeck (1962) Saul Bellow (1976)Isaac Bashevis Singer辛格( 1978) Tony Morrison (1993)2. The classification of different periods1. Colonial PeriodPuritans; Practical2. The Romantic AgeConfident; divine3. The Age of RealismRealistic, mirror the life 4. The Modern Age The war of independence1776-1783 The civil war:1861-1865WWІ: 1914-1918WWП:1939-1945Disappointed; innerAppendix 1:I. Colonial Period (1620-1800) 殖民地时期文学✓John Smith约翰.史密斯II. Revolutionary Period (1765—1800) 独立革命时期文学✓Benjamin Franklin 富兰克林III. The Age of Romanticism (1800—1865) 浪漫主义文学 Early Romanticism早期浪漫主义文学✓Washington Irving 欧文✓James Fenimore Cooper 库伯✓Edgar Allan Poe 坡Transcendentalism 超验主义✓Ralph Waldo Emerson 爱默生✓Henry David Thoreau 梭罗✓Nathanial Hawthorne 霍桑✓Herman Melville 麦尔维尔Transitional period浪漫主义和现实主义转型时期✓Walt Whitman 惠特曼✓Emily Dickinson 狄金森IV. The Age of Realism (1865—1918)现实主义文学Local Colorism乡土文学✓Mark Twain 马克.吐温International novel 国际题材小说✓Henry James 亨利.詹姆斯Naturalism 自然主义✓Theodore Dreiser 德莱塞V. American Modernism (1918—1945) 现代主义文学 Imagism 意象派✓Ezra Pound 庞德the Jazz Age 爵士乐时代✓Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald 菲茨杰拉德 The Lost Generation迷惘的一代✓Ernest Hemingway 海明威American Drama 美国戏剧Expressionism 表现主义✓Eugene O’Neil奥尼尔The Great Depression 大萧条✓John Steinbeck 斯坦贝克Southern literature✓William Faulkner 福克纳Sherwood Anderson 舍伍德.安德森Robert Frost 弗罗斯特VI. American Literature after WW II 二战后文学Black Humor黑色幽默✓Joseph Heller 约瑟夫.海勒Harlem Renaissance 哈莱姆文艺复兴✓Langston Hughes 兰斯顿.休斯the Feminist Writers 女性文学I. Writer作家:life生平works作品artistic features艺术特点style风格,language语言风格,tone基调,setting场景,subject matter题材,characterization人物刻画,theme主题II .Literary movement文学时期:Historical background 历史背景Sources 思想来源Artistic features 艺术特点representatives代表人物I. New criticism新批评II .Structuralism 结构主义批评III. Psychoanalytic criticism 精神分析批评IV. Feministic criticism 女性批评V. Deconstruction 解构主义批评American Literature Study Groups1.Washington IrvingThe Devil and Tom W alkerRip V an Winkle___________ ______________________ ___________2.Edgar Allan PoeThe Masque of the Red Death Gothic novel___________ ______________________ ___________3.ThoreauW alden___________ ______________________ ___________4.Nathaniel HawthorneThe Scarlet LetterSalem Witchcraft Trial___________ ______________________ ___________5.Mark TwainThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Local Colorism___________ ______________________ ___________6.Henry JamesThe Portrait of a LadyPeriodic sentence___________ ______________________ ___________7.Theodore DreiserSister CarrieThe survival of the fittest___________ ______________________ ___________ 8.Ezra Poundhaiku___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 9.Robert Frost Synecdoche___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 10.Sherwood Anderson MotherFreud’s id, ego and superego ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 11.Francis FitzgeraldThe Great Gatsby Fitzgerald’s marriage life___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 12.Ernest HemingwayThe Old Man and the Sea Iceberg theory___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 13.Eugene O’NeillThe Hairy Ape Expressionism___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 14.William FaulknerThe BearStream of consciousness___________ ___________ ___________ ___________Requirements for American Literature course paper●Grading standard1. Content 70Originality 20 + logic 20 + language 302. Form 20word number : no more and no less than 1000-1300. 10’Typography 10’3. Teamwork 10●Content1. Writer作家Life (education, marriage, family) and his writing style2. Works作品Theme, subject matter, point of view, language, characterization, style 3. Literary Movement 流派Romanticism in Poe’s Novels4. Comparison and Contrast对比Chinese and American;works of one writer;Influence5. Literary Criticism文学批评New Criticism, F eminism, Structuralism, Psychoanalytic analysis…●FormStudy Group numbers__________ __________ __________ __________ Class______ Score: __________ Analysis of Huck Finn’s Inner Struggle1. Introduction(简述作家作品的地位,选题的意义,论文的内容)2. (Body) Huck’s Inner Struggle (no less than 700字)2.1. Outer forces2.1.1. Forces of social morality2.1.2. Forces of religious belief2.2. Inner forces2.2.1. Forces of humanity and conscience2.2.1. Forces of affection3. Conclusion(总结论文的结论)Bibliography附录:Typography 排版要求:1. 英语字体一律用Times New Roman, 12号字。
美国文学选读作家对应作品流派(优选.)
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最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本 --------------------- 方便更改赠人玫瑰,手留余香。
•Anne Bradstreet ————American Puritanism•Edward Taylor————American Puritanism•Philip Freneau————American Puritanism•Benjamin Franklin——Poor Richard’s Almanac; The Autobiography——American Puritanism, The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Jonathan Edwards ————The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Thomas Paine——Common Sense——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period•Thomas Jefferson——Declaration of Independence——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period• Washington Irving——The Sketch Book: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow;Rip Van Winkle——American Romanticism• James Fenimore Cooper——The Leather-Stocking Tales——American Romanticism• William Cullen Bryant——To a Waterfowl;The Yellow Violet——American Romanticism• Ralph Waldo Emerson——Nature;Self-Reliance——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism• Henry David Thoreau——Walden;On the Duty of Civil Disobedience——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow——The Song of Hiawatha——American Romanticism●Walt Whitman——Leaves of Grass——American Romanticism●Nathaniel Hawthorne——The Scarlet Letter; The House of the Seven Gables; YoungGoodman Brown——American Romanticism• Herman Melville——Moby Dick——American Romanticism• Edgar Allan Poe——The Raven; Ligeia; The Fall of the House of Usher;The Poetic Principal ——American Romanticism• Emily Dickinson————American Romanticism●William Dean Howells——The Rise of Silas Lapman ;Criticism and Fiction——The Age ofRealism●Mark Twain——The Gilded Age;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn ——humor and local colorism;The Age of Realism●Henry James——The Portrait of a Lady;Daisy Miller——Psychological Realism ;The Ageof Realism●Stephen Crane——A Girl of the Streets;The Red Badge of Courage——The Age ofRealism;American Naturalism●Theodore Dreiser——Sister Carrie;An American Tragedy——social Darwinism;The Ageof Realism;American Naturalism●Upton Sinclair——The Jungle●Ernest Hemingway——The Sun Also Rises;A Farewell to Arms;For Whom the Bell Tolls;The Old Man and the Sea——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism● F. Scott Fitzgerald——The Great Gatsby——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism●John Dos Passos——Three Soldiers——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-Modernism●William Faulkner ——The Sound and the Fury ——南方文艺复兴时期;Modernism andPost-Modernism●Ezra Pound ——The Cantos;Hugh Selwyn Mauberley ——imagism;Modernism andPost-Modernism●Langston Hughes——The Weary Blues——Harlem Renaissance;Modernism and Post-Modernism⏹Frederick Douglass——My Bondage and My Freedom——Black American Literature⏹Richard Wright—— Native Son——Black American Literature⏹Ralph Ellison:——Invisible Man——Black American Literature⏹James Baldwin:——Go Tell It on the Mountain——Black American Literature⏹Alex Haley:—— Roots——Black American Literature⏹Toni Morrison:——The Bluest Eye——Black American Literature●Jack Kerouac——On the Road——The Beat Generation,当代文学●Allen Ginsberg——Howl——The Beat Generation●William S. Burroughs——Naked Lunch——The Beat Generation●Joseph Heller——Catch-22——Black Humor●J.D. Salinger——Catcher in the Rye最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本 --------------------- 方便更改赠人玫瑰,手留余香。
美国文学选读第三版内容摘要作者作品简介
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作者及作品1.本杰明.富兰克林(Benjamin Franklin)1706-1790The Autobiography <<自传>> 第一章富兰克林是18世纪殖民地时期、启蒙时期和独立战争时期的代表人物,他是科学家,作家,政治家和发明家。
他是人文主义者,相信人性善良,主张人权平等、政治平等。
他的小说自传以亲身经历再次说明,美国有的是机会,只要勤奋便能成功。
His style is characterized by simplicity, frankness, wit, clarity, logic and order. 他的成功经验对美国人的人生观、事业观和道德观产生过深远影响。
他的自传还开创了美国名人写传记的风气、建立了传记文学的传统。
Franklin was a representative of the colonial period, the Enlightenment period, and the American revolution in the 18th century. He was a scientist, a writer, a politician, and an inventor. He is a humanist and believes in good human nature and advocates equality of human rights and political equality. His autobiographical autobiography once again explained that the United States has opportunities and can only succeed if it is diligent. His successful experience has had a far-reaching impact on Americans' outlook on life, career, and ethics. His autobiography also created a culture of American celebrity biography and established a tradition of biographical literature.The Autobiography:它是美国第一部成功的传记体作品,是美国民族文学的早期代表作。
英美文学选读美国
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Transcendentalism (超验主义):代表人物:Ralph Waldo Emerson(爱默生)and Henry David Thoreau(梭罗)主张:It spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. It placed emphasis on spirit, or the Over soul, as the most important thing in the world. It stressed the importance of individual and offered a fresh perception nature ad symbolic of the spirit of God.《白鲸》(Moby Dick)艺术特色:Symbolism主人公;Ahab(亚哈船长) Moby DickAmerican Naturalism美国自然主义文学:a new and harsher realism(新型的更为冷峻的现实主义),产生pessimism(悲观)的流派Influenced by Darwinism: 达尔文主义因为Perception of society’s disorders (对社会无序的感知)Presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were dominated by thei renvironent and heredity. (设法尽力客观真实地展现出受环境与出身局限的下层人民和各种经济阶层人物的真正生活)。
代表作家:Stephen Crane 史蒂芬.克莱恩, Frank Norris 弗朗克.诺里斯,Jack London 杰克.伦敦, Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞Modernism现代主义Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its the oretical base.现代主义以非理性哲学和精神分析原理作为理论基础The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relatio nships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.现代派文学的主题便是反映人与自然,人与社会,人与人,人与自我之间被扭曲的,渐渐疏远的,病态的关系。
美国现实主义文学流派
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美国现实主义文学流派一、心理现实主义定义心理现实主义就是传统文学从现实主义走向现代主义过程中出现得一种文学思潮。
在小说创作中,将对现实生活得如实描写、心理探测、性格刻画、环境写实与某些象征、怪诞手法融为一体,被称为“心理现实主义”。
文学特点心理现实主义得创作放弃了以往现实主义作品得道德,社会,政治批评,更加注重“心理现实主义”,将注意力集中于边缘化得,有心理创伤得个人,将她们内在得动物性,以诗化得语言,抒情得风格搬上戏剧舞台。
在心理现实主义创作中,作家与作品在本质上就是分离得,读者从作品中了解到作家就是“私下得自我”,而现实生活中得作家则就是“公开得自我”,创作过程就就是从“公开得自我”到“私下得自我”得演变过程。
由于大多数人得外部自我都就是以伪装形式出现得,因此,最真实最有价值得自我则潜藏在人得灵魂之中。
这种对作家、作品与现实间相互关系得独特认识与处理,就是心理现实主义作品得最大特点。
代表作家1、亨利·詹姆斯亨利·詹姆斯(Henry James,1843年4月15日-1916年2月28日),19世纪美国继霍桑、麦尔维尔之后最伟大得小说家,亨利·詹姆斯开创了心理分析小说得先河,在她得笔下,出现了仿佛就是迷宫般得普通人得内心世界,她也就是美国乃至世界文学史上得大文豪。
亨利·詹姆斯出身于纽约得上层知识分子家庭,父兄都就是美国颇具声望得哲学家。
由于家境富裕,亨利·詹姆斯从小受到良好得教育,掌握多种语言。
詹姆斯本人长期旅居欧洲,对19世纪末美国与欧洲得上层生活有细致入微得观察。
詹姆斯得主要作品就是小说,此外也写了许多文学评论、游记、传记与剧本。
她得小说常写美国人与欧洲人之间交往得问题;成人得罪恶如何影响并摧残了纯洁、聪慧得儿童;物质与精神之间得矛盾;艺术家得孤独,作家与艺术家得生活等。
她得创作对20世纪崛起得现代派及后现代派文学有着非常巨大得影响。
2、主要作品长篇小说:《一位女士得画像》The Portrait of a Lady (1881)1881年出版得《一位女士得画像》,就是她早期创作中最具代表意义得作品。
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•Anne Bradstreet ————American Puritanism
•Edward Taylor————American Puritanism
•Philip Freneau————American Puritanism
•Benjamin Franklin——Poor Richard’s Almanac; The Autobiography——American Puritanism, The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
•Jonathan Edwards ————The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
•Thomas Paine——Common Sense——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
•Thomas Jefferson——Declaration of Independence——The Enlightenment and Revolution Period
• Washington Irving——The Sketch Book: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow;Rip Van Winkle——American Romanticism
• James Fenimore Cooper——The Leather-Stocking Tales——American Romanticism
• William Cullen Bryant——To a Waterfowl;The Yellow Violet——American Romanticism • Ralph Waldo Emerson——Nature;Self-Reliance——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism
• Henry David Thoreau——Walden;On the Duty of Civil Disobedience——New England Transcendentalism;American Romanticism
●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow——The Song of Hiawatha——American Romanticism
●Walt Whitman——Leaves of Grass——American Romanticism
●Nathaniel Hawthorne——The Scarlet Letter; The House of the Seven Gables; Young
Goodman Brown——American Romanticism
• Herman Melville——Moby Dick——American Romanticism
• Edgar Allan Poe——The Raven; Ligeia; The Fall of the House of Usher;The Poetic Principal——American Romanticism
• Emily Dickinson————American Romanticism
●William Dean Howells——The Rise of Silas Lapman ;Criticism and Fiction——The Age
of Realism
●Mark Twain——The Gilded Age;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn ——humor and local colorism;The Age of Realism
●Henry James——The Portrait of a Lady;Daisy Miller——Psychological Realism ;The
Age of Realism
●Stephen Crane——A Girl of the Streets;The Red Badge of Courage——The Age of
Realism;American Naturalism
●Theodore Dreiser——Sister Carrie;An American Tragedy——social Darwinism;The
Age of Realism;American Naturalism
●Upton Sinclair——The Jungle
●Ernest Hemingway——The Sun Also Rises;A Farewell to Arms;For Whom the Bell
Tolls; The Old Man and the Sea——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-
Modernism
●F. Scott Fitzgerald——The Great Gatsby——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-
Modernism
●John Dos Passos——Three Soldiers——The Lost Generation,Modernism and Post-
Modernism
●William Faulkner ——The Sound and the Fury ——南方文艺复兴时期;Modernism and
Post-Modernism
●Ezra Pound ——The Cantos;Hugh Selwyn Mauberley ——imagism;Modernism and
Post-Modernism
●Langston Hughes——The Weary Blues——Harlem Renaissance;Modernism and Post-
Modernism
⏹Frederick Douglass——My Bondage and My Freedom——Black American Literature
⏹Richard Wright—— Native Son——Black American Literature
⏹Ralph Ellison:——Invisible Man——Black American Literature
⏹James Baldwin:——Go Tell It on the Mountain——Black American Literature
⏹Alex Haley:—— Roots——Black American Literature
⏹Toni Morrison:——The Bluest Eye——Black American Literature
●Jack Kerouac——On the Road——The Beat Generation,当代文学
●Allen Ginsberg——Howl——The Beat Generation
●William S. Burroughs——Naked Lunch——The Beat Generation
●Joseph Heller——Catch-22——Black Humor
●J.D. Salinger——Catcher in the Rye。