工程术语

《工程英语阅读》工程术语hydraulic engineering 水利工程geotechnical engineering岩土工程surveying engineering 测量工程construction engineering 建筑工程structural engineering 结构工程environmental impact study 环境影响研究wearing course 磨耗层

roadbed路基

load carrying ability/capacity承载力bulldozer 推土机

loader 装载机

power roller 电动压路机（路碾）culvert 涵洞

shoulder 路肩

filling materials 填料

concrete 混凝土

plane surveying 平面测量

geodetic surveying 大地测量

elevations 高程

steel tape 钢卷尺

tripod 三角架

transit经纬仪

total station 全站仪

surveyor's level 水准仪

borrow pit 取土坑

hydrological factors水文因素intermediate control points 中间控制点reconnaissance 踏勘

topographic maps 地形图

subsurface exploration 地下勘探

route reconnaissance 线路踏勘preliminary survey 初步定线

final location 最终定线

preliminary reconnaissance前期踏勘alignment design 定线设计，路线设计cut-and-cover method随挖随填法

bench mark 水准点，基准点embankment路堤

plumb bob 铅锤

cross section 横断面，截面；断面图roadbed路基，路床

subgrade路基

base course 基层

surfacing / surface course 面层，路面divided highways分离式车道

shoulder slope: 路肩边坡cut bank: (cut back slope) 挖方边坡

roadside ditch: 边沟

intercept ditch: 截水沟

cross slope: 横坡

superelevation: 超高

flexible pavements 柔性路面

rigid pavements刚性路面

subbase 底基层

Portland cement波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥

high-early-strength cement早强水泥bituminous material沥青材料

bituminous surface treatment 沥青表面处治mixed-in-place bituminous Pavements (Road Mix) 现场拌制沥青路面(路拌)

hot-mix bituminous concrete pavements (Plant Mix)热拌沥青混凝土路面(厂拌)

coarse aggregate粗集料，粗骨料

fine aggregate 细集料，细骨料

plain concrete 素混凝土

reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土

prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土compressive strength 抗压强度

weather resistance耐候性

fire resistance 耐火性

workability和易性

curing methods（混凝土的）养护方法

water-cement ratio水灰比

tensile strength抗拉强度

concrete slab混凝土板

steam-curing 蒸汽养护

steel rods钢筋

reinforcement钢筋

reinforcing steel钢筋

modulus of elasticity弹性模量

elastic strain弹性应变

working loads使用载荷

pre-stressed concrete预应力混凝土

shear strength 抗剪强度

pre-tensioning先张法

post-tensioning: 后张法

concrete sleepers混凝土枕轨

hollow beam空心梁

concrete pile混凝土桩

consulting engineer咨询工程师

geological strata地质层

trial pit探坑

bore hole钻孔

bills of quantities工程量表

resident engineer驻场工程师

temporary haul roads:临时运输便道，进料道路drainage system排水系统

hydraulic excavator液压挖掘机

cut-off ditch截流沟

dump truck: 自卸车

face shovel excavators:正铲挖掘机

drain trenches/ditches排水沟

contractor 承包人，承包商

earthworks 土方（工程）

caterpillar tractor 履带拖拉机

earth settlement 土方沉降

formation 路基顶面

cantilever bridge悬臂桥

cable-stayed bridge: 斜拉桥

long span bridge: 大跨径桥梁

abutment 桥台

pier 桥墩

concrete spread footings: 混凝土底座，砼扩大基础

bearing pile: 支撑桩

substructure:下部结构

superstructure:上部结构

pile cap 桩帽

deck type:上承式（桥）

through type: 下承式（桥）

half-through type: 中承式（桥）

reinforced concrete T-beams钢筋混凝土T形梁girder bridge: 梁桥，梁式桥

plate girder：板梁

box girder: 箱形梁

cast-in-place concrete deck现浇桥面

tied arch系杆拱

cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥

arch bridge拱桥

bearing支座

lean concrete贫混凝土

mass concrete大体积混凝土

shuttering模板，支模

dead load静载

live load活载

expansion joint膨胀缝

reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土

mild steel 低碳钢，软钢

simple span简支跨

rigid frame bridge刚架桥

spread footings 扩大基础

falsework 脚手架，支架balanced cantilever method平衡悬臂法inclined cables/stays; 斜拉索

orthotropic deck 正交异性桥面

continuous stiffening girders 连续加劲梁

cable tower 索塔

bedrock: 基岩，岩床

pneumatic caisson 气压沉箱

open caisson 沉井

structural performance

stiffening girder 加劲梁

wire rope strand 钢绞线

base course路基层

bearing capacity 承载力

bending moment 弯矩；力矩

bill of quantities 建筑工料清单；工程量清单；工程量表

bituminous material 沥青材料

borrow area采料区；取土区

box girder 箱形主梁；箱形大梁

breaking strength 断裂强度；抗断强度

bridge abutment 桥台

bridge deck 桥面板；桥板；桥面

bridge deck level 桥面

pier 桥墩

bulldozer 推土机

suspension bridge吊桥，悬索桥

cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥

caisson 沉箱

cantilever bridge 悬臂桥

cantilever footing 悬臂基脚

cantilever foundation 悬臂基础；悬臂地基carrying capacity承载能力

cast-in-place现场浇筑

cast-in-situ 现浇；就地浇筑

cast-in-situ concrete unit 现浇混凝土组件

cast-in-situ pile 现浇桩

catch pit 集水井；排水井

civil works 土木工程

coarse aggregate 粗集料，粗骨料

cofferdam 围堰

cohesive force 黏合力

cohesive soil 黏性土

compressive strength 抗压强度

compressive stress 压应力；抗压应力concrete batching 配制混凝土

concrete batching plant 混凝土配料设备；混凝土配料厂

concrete cover 混凝土保护层