剑1第二套真题阅读第一篇全文翻译

1.Why do humans, virtually alone among all animal species, display a distinct left or right-handedness?

为什么人类，事实上在所有的动物物种中独一无二地，显示出惯用左手或是右手？

2.Not even our closest relatives among the apes possess such decided lateral asymmetry, as psychologists call it.

就连我们的近亲猿都拥有这种确定的横向不对称性，如心理学家所说的那样。

3.Yet about 90 per cent of every human population that has ever lived appears to have been right-handed.

现在每种人口的大约90%在任何时候都显示出惯用右手。

4.Professor Bryan Turner at Deakin University has studied the research literature on left-handedness and found that handedness goes with sidedness.

Deakin大学的Bryan Turner教授曾经研究惯用左手的调查研究文献和基于此习惯随之而来的方面感。

5.So nine out of ten people are right-handed and eight are right-footed.

因此10个人里有9个人惯用右手，有8个惯用右脚。

6.He noted that this distinctive asymmetry in the human population is itself systematic.

他注解到这种在人类中独特的不对称性是自成体系的。

7."Humans think in categories: black and white, up and down, left and right. It's a system of signs that enables us to categorise phenomena that are essentially ambiguous."

"人类思维分类是：黑和白，上和下，左和右。那是一个符号系统是我们能将本质上不明确的现象加以分类。"

8.Research has shown that there is a genetic or inherited element to handedness.

研究显示惯用左右手的习惯是一个遗传或是继承的元素。

9.But while left-handedness tends to run in families, neither left nor right handers will automatically produce off-spring with the same handedness;

但是当惯用左手倾向在一个家庭里蔓延时，无论是左手或是右手都不会自动招致儿女也使用相同的手。

10.in fact about 6 per cent of children with two right-handed parents will be left-handed.

实际上6%的习惯用左手的孩子的双亲都使用右手。

11.However, among two left-handed parents, perhaps 40 per cent of the children will also be left-handed.

可是，在左撇子父母中，大概40%的孩子也是左撇子。

12.With one right and one left-handed parent, 15 to 20 per cent of the offspring will be lefthanded. 双亲中一个惯用右手一个惯用左手的，15%~20%的子女是左撇子。

13.Even among identical twins who have exactly the same genes, one in six pairs will differ in their handedness.

甚至在拥有精确的相同的基因的双胞胎中，六对中有一对的惯用手就是不同的。

14.What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic?

那么什么是人惯用左手如果它不是简单的遗传原因？

15.Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues.

其他的因素应该发挥着作用，所以研究者开始将线索转到智力上。

16.In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist, Dr Paul Broca, made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot in the brain) had paralysis of the right half of their body.

在18世纪60年代法国外科医生和人类学家，Paul Broca医生，做出一个显著的发现，因为脑震荡(有血块在脑子里)而失去说话能力的患者右半边的身体也会麻痹。

17.He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body, and vice versa, the brain damage must have been in the brain’s left hemisphere.

他解释说因为大脑的左半边控制右半部分身体，反之亦然，大脑的损伤必然是在大脑的左半边。

18.Psychologists now believe that among right-handed people, probably 95 per cent have their language centre in the left hemisphere, while 5 per cent have rightsided language.

心理学家现在认为惯用右手的人，95%的拥有他们的语言中心在左半边，5%的人有右半边语言。

19.Left-handers, however, do not show the reverse pattern but instead a majority also have their language in the left

hemisphere.

然而左手使用者没有表现出相反的模式反而大多数人(用右手者)的语言细胞则集中在左脑。

20.Some 30 per cent have right hemisphere language.

有30%的人使用右半边语言。

21.Dr Brinkman, a brain researcher at the Australian National University in Canberra, has suggested that evolution of speech went with right-handed preference.

Dr Brinkman，是堪培拉澳大利亚国立大学的一个大脑研究学者，暗示语言的发展伴随着右手使用的偏爱。

22.According to Brinkman, as the brain evolved, one side became specialised for fine control of movement (necessary for producing speech) and along with this evolution came righthand preference.

根据Brinkman，认为的大脑发展，一面变得专门很好的控制行为(产生语言能力的需要)并且沿着这种发展成为惯用右手偏好。

23.According to Brinkman, most left-handers have left hemisphere dominance but also some capacity in the right hemisphere.

根据Brinkman，大部分左手使用者是左脑控制同时也能接受右脑。

24.She has observed that if a left-handed person is brain-damaged in the left hemisphere, the recovery of speech is quite often better and this is explained by the fact that left-handers have a more bilateral speech function.

她观察到如果惯用左手者左脑受损，语言的恢复常常很好而且这解释了事实是左手使用者有两面的语言功能。

25.In her studies of macaque monkeys, Brinkman has noticed that primates (monkeys) seem to learn a hand preference from their mother in the first year of life but this could be one hand or the other.

在她对短尾猿猴的研究中，Brinkman注意到灵长类(猴子)似乎在生活的第一年从它们的母亲那学习用手的偏好但是这只是一只手或是另外一只。

26.In humans, however, the specialisation in function of the two hemispheres results in anatomical differences: areas that are involved with the production of speech are usually larger on the left side than on the right.

然而在人类中，两个半脑的专用功能导致解剖的不同：与语言产生有关的范围左边的通常比右边的大。

27.Since monkeys have not acquired the art of speech, one would not expect to see such a