天津大学2017年研究生英语上机考试样题(附答案)

PART 1 (15 points)

Directions: In this part of the test, there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence, please choose one from the four choices given that can best complete its meaning.

1.Water purification is the _______ of contaminants（污染物）from raw water to produce drinking water

that is pure enough for human consumption or for industrial use.

Departure（离开）removal dismissal（解雇）refusal（拒绝）

2.Of course, music can be distracting（分心，转移注意力）if it's too loud or too jarring, or if it _______ for

our attention with what we're trying to do.

Inquires （查询）preaches（宣扬）competes （争夺你的关注）applies 3.There is only one way to happiness and that is to cease（停止）worrying about things which are

_______ the power of our will.

Through off beyond by

4.Engineers may help produce guided missiles（导弹）, industrial robots, or _______ limbs for the physically

handicapped.

authentic（真正的，可信的）artificial （人造的）artistic（艺术的articulate（发音清晰的，善于表达的）5.In modern times, a handful of（几个，屈指可数）technological wonders（奇迹）that started out as novelties

（新奇事物）, have become _______ to our daily routines.

Compatible （兼容的）vulnerable（弱势的）liable（容易的）indispensable（必不可少的）6.One of the most sincere（真诚的）forms of respect is _______ listening to what another has to say.

Virtually（实质上，真实上）finally daily actually（确实，事实上）7.Some people may be required to work shifts（轮班）or excessive（过度的）hours（超时工作）, whilst（同

时）others feel they simply（仅仅）cannot _______ targets they see as unrealistic.

Acquire complete meet obtain

8.From primitive（原始的）developments such as the wheel and paper to today's high-tech gadgets,

there's certainly no _______ of impressive developments that have changed the way we live and work.

Use shortage matter sense

9.Whether its checking the weather, e-mail, or bank account, smartphones have made mobile

connectivity（连接）so _______ that today’s younger generations seem much more “addicted” to their smartphones.

Imaginable visible accessible（易接近的）feasible（可行的，可用的）10.For many people, an important aspect of overcoming Internet and computer addiction is to find

_______ ways to handle these difficult feelings.

Alternative renewable permanent（永久的，永恒的）changeable 11.Most new technologies, with the exception（除了）of those associated with（与某某有关）weaponry

（武器）, have had hugely ________ effects for most people extending our capabilities（能力，容量）and indeed（甚至）our lives to an extent that our ancestors could not have imagined.

Urgent formal harmful beneficial

12.What the mass media offers is not popular art, but entertainment（娱乐）which is intended to be

_______ like food, forgotten, and replaced by a new dish.

Spent expended consumed paid

13.It's true that humanity has seen a ________ of（一系列）crises（危险）, wars and atrocities（暴行）, but

this negative side is offset（抵消）by advances in technology and cultural exchanges.

Succession fraction（一小部分）pair line

14.Email, blogs, social networks, instant（此刻，瞬间）messaging, and message boards allow for both public

and _______ communication about any topic.

confidential（秘密的，亲密的）wordless（沉默的）anonymous（匿名的）verbal（言语的，口头的）15.Economists have long focused on the concept of education as an investment that, on average, _______

well over the long term, for both individual students and society as a whole.

makes up（弥补）makes for pays off（回报）pays for 16.Electronic files are replacing ________ filing cabinets（文件柜）, and intelligent facsimile（传真）and copying

machines are appearing together with a variety of printers able to print anything from letter-quality characters to four color diagrams.

consequent（必然的，合乎逻辑的）conversational（健谈的）conventional（传统的）considerate（体贴的）17.Universities, employers and professional bodies all _______ the need for effective engineers to have

skills in management and business.

Accredit（委托，授权）admit acquaint（告知，使熟悉）acknowledge（承认）18.Most studies on innovation（改革，创新）have shown that it is often more difficult for large corporations

to _______ the same level of creativity and freedom as start-ups（启动）.

Sustain（维持）contain maintain refrain（抑制）19.In many cases, what we say is less important than how we say it or the other _______ signals we send

out, such as eye contact, facial（面部的）expression, tone of voice, and gesture.

Warning oral（口头的）electronic nonverbal（非语言的）20.While time spent online can be hugely productive, compulsive（令人着迷的）Internet use can _______

daily life, work, and relationships.

take up（占据）makes for break through（突破）

Directions: In this part of the test, there are some sentences which have been divided into five fragments. Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●and our scientists see international 3 ●we always try to have 1 ●part of our modern research community 5 ● a strong global dimension in our research and development, 维度2 ●cooperation as an integral 完整的4 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●once you graduate from college 3 ●and begin your career 4 ●another reason for studying management 1 ●is the reality that for most of you, 2 ●you will either manage or be managed 5 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●the more proficient and confident he or she will be 精明1 ●with the various characteristics 2 ●in making judicious materials choices based on these criteria 明智的，恰如其分的标准5 ●as well as processing techniques of materials 3 ●the more familiar an engineer or scientist is 4 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●on the limits of scientific freedom 3 ●could hardly have handled 4

●their publicity more differently 5 ●whose work has triggered a far-reaching debate 2 ●the two influenza researchers 1 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●scientists believe something began 3 ●pressing the gas pedal again, causing 4 ●matter got more diluted 2 ●expansion to accelerate once more 5 ●but as the universe got larger and 1 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●from a functional perspective, the role of 1 ●using existing materials 5 ● a materials scientist is to develop or synthesize 2 ●new materials, whereas a materials engineer 3 ●is called upon to create new products or systems 4 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●detecting the presence of populations 1 ●of rare and threatened animal species 2 ●is a challenge for conservation planners and managers 3 ●where an animal leaves little or no macroscopic trace 5 ●especially in habitats like lakes and rivers 4 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●those from more recent eras to conclude that 3 ●its measured rate with 2 ●the team then compared 1 ●the universe’s expansion was 4 ●slowing at that time 5 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●of empty space: 4 ●support to the leading theory that 2 ●the measurements so far lend 1 ●dark energy is a natural property 3 ●the more the universe expands, the stronger dark energy becomes 5 Re-arrange these fragments by dragging them with the mouse into the correct order to form a sentence so that it can make sense.

●phenomenon like inflation, 3 ●and that matter’s gravitational pull will one day take over 4 ●and temper the universe’s growth spurt 5 ●other theories posit that 1 ●dark energy is a temporary 2 PART 3 (5 points)

Directions: In this part of the test, you have 5 paragraphs given in wrong order. Please re-organize

these paragraphs by dragging them with your mouse so that they make a coherent text. The third paragraph has already been correctly marked for you.

● 1. In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the

consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because business people typically know what product they're looking for.

●在网络业务的第一年左右，大部分的行动都围绕着挖掘消费者市场的努力。最近，由于Web被证明不仅仅是一种

时尚，公司已经开始相互购买和销售产品和服务。这种企业对企业的销售很有意义，因为商业人士通常知道他们在寻找什么产品。

● 3. Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for

marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites.

●互联网商业模式的另一个重大转变涉及可用于市场营销的技术。直到最近，互联网营销活动都集中在将客户“拉入”网站的策略

上。

● 5. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a

company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events.

●订户可以自定义他们想要接收的信息并直接进入公司的网站。像虚拟葡萄园这样的公司已经开始使用类似的技术向消费者推销

关于特殊销售，产品或其他事件的消息。

● 4. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to

"push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors.

●然而，在过去的一年里，软件公司开发了一些工具，可以让公司直接将信息“推”给消费者，将营销信息直接传递给目标客户。

最值得注意的是，Pointcast网络使用屏幕保护程序为用户的计算机显示器提供不断更新的新闻和广告。

● 2. Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability.

"Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company's private intranet.

●尽管如此，许多公司仍然因为怀疑其可靠性而犹豫使用Web。Forrester Research高级分析师Blane Erwin表示：“企业需要觉

得他们可以相信他们和供应商之间的通路。一些公司通过仅与已获准访问该公司的私有内部网的已建立业务合作伙伴进行在线交易来限制风险。

PART 4 (10 points)

Directions: In this part of the test, there is a passage with 10 blanks. For each blank, please choose ONE word or phrase from the list below by dragging it with the mouse to complete the passage.

The simple act of surrendering a telephone number to a store clerk may not seem harmful—so much so that many consumers do it with no questions asked. Yet that one action can set in motion a cascade of silent events, as that data point is acquired, analyzed, categorized , stored and sold over and over again. Future attacks on your privacy may come from anywhere, from anyone with money to purchase that phone number you surrendered . If you doubt the multiplier effect, consider your e-mail inbox. If it's loaded with spam, it's undoubtedly because at some point in time you unknowingly surrendered your e-mall to the wrong Web site.

Do you think your telephone number or address is handled differently? A cottage industry of small companies with names you've probably never heard of—like Acxiom or Merlin—buy and sell your personal information the way other commodities like corn or cattle futures are bartered. You may

think your cell phone is unlisted, but if you've ever ordered a pizza, it might not be. Merlin is one of many commercial data brokers that advertises sale of unlisted phone numbers compiled from various sources—including pizza delivery companies.

These unintended, unpredictable consequences that flow from simple actions make privacy issues difficult to grasp, and grapple with. It is hard to deny, however, that people behave different when they're being watched. And it is also impossible to deny that Americans are now being watched more than at any time in history.

Surrendered，probably，brokers，the way，attacks，compiled，deny，categorized，undoubtedly，issues

向一位店员交出电话号码的简单行为可能看起来并不那么有害，所以许多消费者都会这样做，而不会问任何问题。然而，这一行动可以启动一系列无声事件，因为数据点是一次又一次地获取，分析，分类，存储和销售的。未来您的隐私攻击可能来自任何地方，任何有钱的人都可以购买您投降的电话号码。如果您怀疑乘数效应，请考虑您的电子邮件收件箱。如果它被加载了垃圾邮件，这无疑是因为您在某个时间无意中将您的电子商城投降到了错误的网站。

你认为你的电话号码或地址处理方式不同吗？一些小公司可能从来没有听说过像Acxiom或Merlin这样的小公司的小工业，他们会像其他商品如玉米或牛期货一样买卖您的个人信息。你可能认为你的手机不上市，但如果你曾经订购过比萨饼，那可能不是。梅林是许多商业数据经纪商之一，它宣传销售来自各种渠道（包括比萨饼送货公司）的非上市电话号码。这些无意识的，不可预知的后果从简单的行为中流失，隐私问题难以掌握，并且无法应对。然而，很难否认人们在观看时表现出不同的表现。而且也不可否认的是，美国人现在比以往任何时候都受到更多的关注。

The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000.

Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural Purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3,000 km3 in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1,000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.

The table illustrates the differences in agriculture consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km3) with that in the D.R.C. (100 km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359 m3 compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agriculture water consumption can be in some countries.