国内外柴油机现状及发展要点

郑州交通职业学院

毕业论文

论文题目：国内外柴油机现状及发展

所属系别汽车运用工程系

专业班级07级汽运3班

姓名李坤

学号***************

指导教师魏丽

撰写日期2010 年5 月

摘要

通过对大量的调查分析，了解了国内外柴油机的现状及发展情况。首先，详细介绍了第一台柴油机的发明及使用到柴油机的技术发展成熟和广泛适用于各个领域的这一过程。随后详细介绍了现在国内柴油机的现状和国内柴油机的发展所面临的一些问题。柴油机作为目前被产业化应用的各种动力机械中热效率最高、能量利用率最好、最节能的机型，被广泛应用于船舶动力、发电、灌溉、车辆动力等广阔的领域，尤其在车用动力方面的优势最为明显，全球车用动力“柴油化”趋势业已形成，由于柴油机具备高扭矩、高寿命、低油耗、低排放等特点，柴油机成为解决汽车及工程机械能源问题最现实和最可靠的手段，随着计算机技术、传感器技术及信息技术的迅速发展，使电子产品的可靠性、成本、体积等各方面都能满足柴油机进行电子控制的要求，并且电子控制燃油喷射很容易实现，目前，经济全球化、以及节能环保等可持续发展问题是世界各国共同面临的形势，具体反映在汽车动力发展的局部问题上，对车用柴油机的选择也是必然趋势之一。

关键词：柴油机，现状，发展，节能，电控技术，高压共轨技术

Abstract

A large number of research results show that the diesel engine is currently a variety of industrial applications of power machinery in the highest thermal efficiency, energy utilization of the best and most energy-efficient models, are widely used in marine power, power generation, irrigation, power and other vehicles in the area of broad , particularly in the motor power advantages are most obvious driving force for the global car "diesel" and the trend has been formed, as the diesel engine with high torque, high-life, low fuel consumption and low emissions characteristics of diesel engines as a solution to motor vehicles and construction machinery energy the most realistic and most reliable means, as computer technology, sensor technology and the rapid development of information technology.

So that the reliability of electronic products, cost, size and other diesel engines to meet the requirements for electronic control and electronically controlled fuel injection is easy to achieve, at present, economic globalization and sustainable development of energy saving and environmental protection, etc. The problem is common around the world situation faced by the specific driving force for development is reflected in the local auto issue, on the choice of automotive diesel engine is also one of the inevitable trend of.

Key Words：Diesel engines, the status quo, development, energy saving, electronic control technology, high-pressure common-rail technology

目录

1引言........................................................................................................................ 错误!未定义书签。2国内外柴油机技术的现状.. (1)

2.1国外柴油机技术的现状 (1)

2.1.1共轨与四气门技术 (1)

2.1.2降低机油消耗 (2)

2.1.3乳化柴油的应用 (2)

2.1.4后处理技术 (2)

2.1.5柴油 (2)

2.2国内柴油机技术的现状 (2)

2.2.1柴油机车的市场 (2)

2.2.2我国柴油机的技术 (3)

2.2.3现在我国柴油机的污染 (4)

3柴油机技术的发展趋势 (4)

3.1推动产品和技术发展的因素 (5)

3.2柴油机的跳跃发展及产品发展重点 (5)

3.2.1电控柴油喷射系统分类 (7)

3.2.2柴油机电子控制技术的发展 (7)

3.2.3高的喷射压力 (8)

3.2.4独立的喷射压力控制 (8)

3.2.5改善柴油机燃油经济性 (8)

3.2.6独立的燃油喷射正时控制 (8)

3.2.7可变的预喷射控制能力 (8)