苏云金杆菌-毒素及其应用
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fermentation industry over
the past three decades have
improved the quality of Bt
products.
过去30年在发酵工业和生物技术 上取得的进展促进了BT产品的 质量
Bt is key source of genes for transgenic expression to provide pest resistance in plants.
and suitable tissue receptorsites, to be susceptible.
BT要起杀虫作用，必须满足3个 条件，一是昆虫中肠液呈碱性； 二是有特定的蛋白酶，三是有适 合的组织受体位点。
Bt can be produced easily on solid media or under submerged fermentation
杆状，大小为1.0-1.2 × 3-5 µm，革兰氏阳性， 兼性嫌氧，产孢的细菌
菌体照片
A facultative pathogen of some insect species
commonly used as a biopesticide.
一些昆虫的兼性病原物， 常用作生物杀虫剂。
More than 150 insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, and
activity of Bt is due to ICP. It is the active
ingredient of most (90%) of the microbial
insecticides produced in the world.
这种类孢内含体由1-2个蛋白晶体或晶体复合物组 成。这些杀虫蛋白通称为杀虫晶体蛋白（ICP）或 δ -蛋白。BT的主要杀虫活性是由于 ICP。是世界 上生产的大多数微生物杀虫剂（90%）的活性成 分。
all forms of life including humans
除ICP和内孢子（即芽孢）外， 有些BT还产生β外毒素，这些 毒素对所有生物包括人类都 有毒害作用。
An insect must have a
strongly alkaline mid-gut,
specific proteolytic enzymes
150种以上属于鳞翅目、双翅目、和鞘翅 目的昆虫易感染Bt。 Bt要昆虫幼虫取食 后才会发生效力，对成虫无效。
During sporulation, it produces protein inclusions
(parasporal inclusions) adjacent to the endospore
BT是转基因表达，为植物提供 抗虫性的关键基因来源。
转基因 棉花 生测
转基因玉米
2 History
2 研发历史
Discovered by Dr. Ishiwatari (a Japanese bacteriologist) in 1901 in silkworm farms as the causal agent of the sotto
The endospore, highly resistant to enBaidu Nhomakorabeaironmental
stress, provides a mechanism for long-term
survival of Bt.
内孢子高抗环境压力，提供了BT 长期生存的机制。
芽孢
Besides ICP and endospore, some Bt subspecies produce Beta Exotoxin which is toxic to
a crystal or crystal-complex. These
insecticidal proteins are commonly known
as Insecticidal Crystal Proteins (ICP) or
delta endotoxin. The primary insecticidal
conditions - a key factor in its successful development
as a biopesticide.
BT容易在固体培养料上生产，也可以液 体发酵生产，后一性能是作为杀虫剂成 功开发的关键因子。
Biotechnology and
advances in the
bacillus disease.
日本细菌学家Ishiwatari博士1901年 于一个蚕场发现BT是蚕sotto 芽孢菌 病的病原。
蚕
Insecticidal activity was discovered in 1911 by Berliner
(Germany) He named it Bacillus thuringiensis,
苏云金杆菌（BT）毒素及其应用
1 What is Bacillus thuringiensis
1 苏云金杆菌是什么？
A rod-shaped (1.0-1.2 by 3-5 micron), gram-positive,
facultative anaerobic, spore forming bacterium
产芽孢期间，BT在邻近芽孢 处形成蛋白内含体。
Electron Micrograph of a Sporulating Bt Cell
产孢BT菌体的电子显微照片
The parasporal inclusions consist of one
or more insecticidal proteins in the form of
Coleoptera are known to be susceptible to Bt. To be effective, Bt
must be eaten by insects during their feeding stage of development,
when they are larvae. Bt is ineffective against adult insects.
the past three decades have
improved the quality of Bt
products.
过去30年在发酵工业和生物技术 上取得的进展促进了BT产品的 质量
Bt is key source of genes for transgenic expression to provide pest resistance in plants.
and suitable tissue receptorsites, to be susceptible.
BT要起杀虫作用，必须满足3个 条件，一是昆虫中肠液呈碱性； 二是有特定的蛋白酶，三是有适 合的组织受体位点。
Bt can be produced easily on solid media or under submerged fermentation
杆状，大小为1.0-1.2 × 3-5 µm，革兰氏阳性， 兼性嫌氧，产孢的细菌
菌体照片
A facultative pathogen of some insect species
commonly used as a biopesticide.
一些昆虫的兼性病原物， 常用作生物杀虫剂。
More than 150 insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera, and
activity of Bt is due to ICP. It is the active
ingredient of most (90%) of the microbial
insecticides produced in the world.
这种类孢内含体由1-2个蛋白晶体或晶体复合物组 成。这些杀虫蛋白通称为杀虫晶体蛋白（ICP）或 δ -蛋白。BT的主要杀虫活性是由于 ICP。是世界 上生产的大多数微生物杀虫剂（90%）的活性成 分。
all forms of life including humans
除ICP和内孢子（即芽孢）外， 有些BT还产生β外毒素，这些 毒素对所有生物包括人类都 有毒害作用。
An insect must have a
strongly alkaline mid-gut,
specific proteolytic enzymes
150种以上属于鳞翅目、双翅目、和鞘翅 目的昆虫易感染Bt。 Bt要昆虫幼虫取食 后才会发生效力，对成虫无效。
During sporulation, it produces protein inclusions
(parasporal inclusions) adjacent to the endospore
BT是转基因表达，为植物提供 抗虫性的关键基因来源。
转基因 棉花 生测
转基因玉米
2 History
2 研发历史
Discovered by Dr. Ishiwatari (a Japanese bacteriologist) in 1901 in silkworm farms as the causal agent of the sotto
The endospore, highly resistant to enBaidu Nhomakorabeaironmental
stress, provides a mechanism for long-term
survival of Bt.
内孢子高抗环境压力，提供了BT 长期生存的机制。
芽孢
Besides ICP and endospore, some Bt subspecies produce Beta Exotoxin which is toxic to
a crystal or crystal-complex. These
insecticidal proteins are commonly known
as Insecticidal Crystal Proteins (ICP) or
delta endotoxin. The primary insecticidal
conditions - a key factor in its successful development
as a biopesticide.
BT容易在固体培养料上生产，也可以液 体发酵生产，后一性能是作为杀虫剂成 功开发的关键因子。
Biotechnology and
advances in the
bacillus disease.
日本细菌学家Ishiwatari博士1901年 于一个蚕场发现BT是蚕sotto 芽孢菌 病的病原。
蚕
Insecticidal activity was discovered in 1911 by Berliner
(Germany) He named it Bacillus thuringiensis,
苏云金杆菌（BT）毒素及其应用
1 What is Bacillus thuringiensis
1 苏云金杆菌是什么？
A rod-shaped (1.0-1.2 by 3-5 micron), gram-positive,
facultative anaerobic, spore forming bacterium
产芽孢期间，BT在邻近芽孢 处形成蛋白内含体。
Electron Micrograph of a Sporulating Bt Cell
产孢BT菌体的电子显微照片
The parasporal inclusions consist of one
or more insecticidal proteins in the form of
Coleoptera are known to be susceptible to Bt. To be effective, Bt
must be eaten by insects during their feeding stage of development,
when they are larvae. Bt is ineffective against adult insects.