EMC专业术语英汉对照
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EMC Terminology
EMC专业术语
BASIC CONCEPTS 基本概念
Electromagnetic environment: The totality of electromagnet icphenomena existing at a given location.
电磁环境:存在于给定场所的电磁现象的总和。
Radio environment:The electromagnetic environment in theradio frequency range.
The totalityof electromagnetic fields createdat a give nlocationby operation,ofradio transmitters.
无线电环境:无线电频率范围内的电磁环境。
在给定场所内处于工作状态的无线电发射机产生的电磁场总和。
Electromagneticnoise:A time—varying electromagneticphenomenon apparently notconveying informationand whichmay be superimposed or combined with a wanted signal.
电磁噪声:一种明显不传送信息的时变电磁现象,它可能与有用的信号叠加或组合。
Natural (atmospheric)noise:Electromagnetic noise having it ssource innatural
(atmospheric)phenomenaand not generated by man-madedevices.
自然(天电)噪声:来源于自然(天电)现象而非人工装置产生的电磁噪声。
Man-made(equipment)noise: Electromagnetic noisehaving its source in theman-made devices
人为(设备)噪声:来源于人工装置的电磁噪声。
Radio frequency noise:Electromagnetic noisehaving components in the radio frequencyrange。
无线电频率噪声:具有无线电频率分量的电磁噪声。
Electromagnetic radionoise:The totalelectromagnetic disturbancecomplex inwhich an equipment,subststem, or system may be immersedexclusiveof its own electromagnetic contribution.
环境无线电噪声:可浸没任一设备、子系统或系统的全部电磁骚扰的合成,其中不包含
Narrowband radionoise: Radionoise having a spectrum exhibiting oneor more sharppeaks,narrow inwidth comparedto the no
minal bandwidth of, andfar enough apartto be resolved
by, the measuring instruments (or the communication receive rto beprotected).
窄带无线电噪声:频谱显示有一个或多个尖峰且宽度比标称带宽窄的无线电噪声,其标称带宽离测量仪器(或已防护的通信接收机)可分辨的带宽足够远.
Narrowbandradio noise:Radio noisehaving a spectrum br oadin widthas comparedtothe nominal bandwidthof the measuring instrument,andwhose spectral compo。
nents are sufficiently close together anduniform that the measuri nginstrument cannotresolvethem.
宽带无线电噪声:频谱宽度比测量仪器标称带宽宽的无线电噪声,其谱分量之间相距足够近而且均匀,以致测量仪器不能分辨它们。
Electromagneticradiation:Thephenomenon by whichenergy in the form of electro。
magneticwaves emanates from a source intospace. Energy transferred through space in theform of electro magnetic waves。
(By extension,the termradiation someti mes also coversinduction phenomena.)
电磁辐射:能量以电磁波的形式由源发射到空间的现象.能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。
(电磁辐射一词的含义有时也可引申,将电磁感应现象也包括在内。
)Electromagnetic disturbance:Anyelectromagnetic phenome nonthat maydegradethe performance of a device,equipment, orsystem,or adverselyaffectliving or inertm atter。
(An electromagnetic disturbance may beelectromagnetic noise, anunwanted signal,or a change in the propagation mediumitself.)
电磁骚扰:任何可能引起装置、设备或系统性能降低或者对有生命或无生命物质产生损坏作用的电磁现象。
Radio frequency disturbance:An electromagnetic disturba nce having components intheradio frequency range。
无线电频率骚扰:具有无线电频率分量的电磁骚扰。
Unwanted signal: undesired signal: A signal that may impair th
ereceptionof a
wanted signal。
无用信号:可能损害有用信号接收的信号。
Interfering signal: A signal thatimpairs thereceptionofa wanted signal。
干扰信号:损害有用信号接收的信号。
Degradation (of performance):An undesireddeparture in the operational performance of anydevice,equipment, or system from itsintended performance。
(The termdegradationcan apply to temporaryor permanent failure。
)
(性能)降低:装置、设备或系统的工作性能与正常性能的非期望偏离。
(术语性能降低可用于临时性或永久性失效。
)
Electromagnetic interference (EMI):Degradationof the performance of a device, equipment,or system causedby anelectromagneticdisturbance。
电磁干扰(EMI):电磁骚扰引起的设备、传输通道或系统性能的下降。
Radio frequency interference(RFI):Degradation of the reception of a wanted signal caused by radiofrequency disturbance.
无线电频率干扰(RFI):由无线电骚扰引起的有用信号接收性能的下降.
Digital device:informationtechnology equipment(ITE) ,that fails into theclassof unintentional radiators, uses digitalte chniques and generators,and uses timing signals or pulses ata rate in excessof 9000 pulses per second.
数字装置:一种信息技术设备(ITE),属于采用数字技术和发生器一类的非故意辐射器,并采用速率超过每秒9000个脉冲的时钟信号或脉冲. Informationtechnology equipment (ITR): Unintentional radiat or equipmentdesigned for oneor moreof the following
purposes:
1。
Receiving data from anexternal source(suchas a datainputlineor a key。
board)
2.Performing some processingfunctions, ofthe received data (suchas computation,data transformation orrecording, filing,sorting, storage,transfer of data)
3。
Providing a dataoutput(either toother equipmentorby the reproductionof data or
images) .
This definitionincludes electrical/electronic units or systems that predominantlygenerate a multiplicity ofperiodic,binarypulsed electrical/electronicwaveforms and aredesigned toperform data processingfunctions such as
word processing, electronic computation,datatransformation,recording,filing,sorting,storage,re。
trieval andtransfer, and reproductionof dataas images'
信息技术设备(ITE):为达到下列一个或多个目的而设计的非故意辐射器设备:1。
接收来自外部源(例如通过数据线或键盘输入)的数据。
2. 对接收到的数据进行某些处理(如计算、数据转换或记录、建档、分类、存
储和传送。
)
3.提供数据输出(或送至另一设备或再现数据或图像)。
这个定义包括那些主要产生各种周期性二进制电气或电子脉冲波形,并实现数据处理功能的单元或系统:诸如文字处理、电子计算、数据转换、记录、建档、分类、存储、恢复及传递,以及用图像再现数据等。
Personal computer:A systemcontaining a host and a limited number ofperipherals designed tobe used inthe
home or in small offices,which enables individualsto perform a variety ofcomputing orword processing functions orboth, and which typicallyis of asize permitting it and
its peripherals to be located,on a table surface.
Note:other definitionsgiven inproduct standards orapplicable regulations may take precedence。
个人计算机:一种包含主机与有限数量外设的系统,设计成可在家庭或小型办公室中使用,以便个人能够完成各种计算或文字处理功能或两种功能兼备;它的典型尺寸为可将它及其外设放在一张桌面上.注意:在产品标准或适用的规
范中给出的其他定义可以优先采纳。
Peripheral device:Adigital accessory that feeds data into orreceives'data fromanotherdevice (host)that,in turn,controlsits operation.
外围设备:将数据馈入其他设备(主机)或接收来自其他设备(主机)的数据以控制其工作的数字辅助设备。
Incidental radiator:Adevice that 。
produces RF energy duringthecourse ofits operation,although the device is not intentionally designedto generate or .emit RF energy.
Examples ofincidental radiators are DC motors andmechanicallight switches。
附随辐射器:并非有意地设计成产生或发射射频能量,但在其工作过程中会产生射频能量的装置,例如直流电动机和机械电灯开关。
Intentional radiator: Adevice that intentionally generates and emits RF energyby radiation or induction.
故意辐射器:靠辐射或感应故意产生并发射射频能量的装置。
DISTURBANCE WAVEFORMS 骚扰的波形
Transient:Pertaining to or designating aphenomenon or a quantity that variesbetween twoconsecutive steadystatesduringa time interval shortcompared tothe time scale of interest。
瞬态(的):在两个相邻状态之间变化的物理量或物理现象,其变化时间小于所关注的时间尺度。
Pulse: Anabruptvariation ofshortduration of a physical quantity followed byarapid return tothe initial value.
脉冲:在短时间内突变,随后又迅速返回其初始值的物理量。
Pulsecount:Thenumber of pulsesin some specified time inte rval.
脉冲计数:在指定时间间隔内脉冲的个数。
Impulse: A pulsethat,for a givenapplication,approximates a unit pulseoraDiracfunction。
冲激脉冲:针对某给定用途,近似于一单位脉冲或迪拉克函数的脉冲。
Impulsive disturbance: Electromagnetic noise that, whenincidentonaparticular device or equipment, manifests itselfas
a succession of distinct pulsesor transients.
脉冲骚扰:在某一特定装置或设备上出现的、表现为一连串清晰脉冲或瞬态的电磁骚扰。
Random noise:Electromagneticnoise,thevalues of which at give ninstants are not predictable,except in a statistical sense。
随机噪声:(给定瞬间其值不可预测的噪声。
)给定瞬间其值不可预测而只有统计意义的电磁噪声.
Electrostatic discharge (ESD):Atransfer of electric charge
between bodies ofdifferent electrostatic potential inp roximity or through directcontact.
静电放电(ESD):具有不同静电电位的物体相互靠近或直接接触而产生的电荷转移。
Surge (surge-protectivedevice): A transient wave of current, potential, or powerinanelectric circuit.
浪涌(浪涌防护装置):电路中的电流、电势或功率瞬态波。
Swell:A momentary increase in thepower frequency voltage delivered bythe mains,outside of the normal tolerances, with aduration of more than onecycle and lessthan a few s econds。
隆起:干线传输的电源频率的电压瞬间增大,超出了标准公差、持续时间超过一个周期而小于几秒.
Surge let-through:That part ofthesurge thatpasses by
a surge protective device with little or noalteration。
允过浪涌:很少变化或无变化地通过浪涌防护装置的那部分浪涌。
Surge remnant:That part ofan applied surgethatremains downstream of one or several protective devices.
浪涌残余:外加浪涌经过一个或几个防护装置后剩余的部分。
Continuous disturbance:Electromagnetic disturbance, theeffects of which ona par。
ticular deviceor equipment cannot b eresolvedinto a succession of distinct ef。
fects.
连续骚扰:对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的电磁骚扰。
Continuous noise:Electromagneticnoise, theeffects of which on a p articular device or equipmentcannot be resolved into a succession of distinct effects.
连续噪声:对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的噪声。
Quasi-impulsive noise:Electromagneticnoise equivalent to a s uperposition of impul.sivenoise andcontinuous noise。
准冲击噪声:等效于脉冲噪声与连续噪声的叠加的电磁噪声。
Discontinuousinterference: Electromagnetic interference occurring during certain in。
terference—free timeintervals。
非连续干扰:出现于被无干扰间隙隔开的一定时间间隔内的电磁干扰。
INTERFERENCE CONTROL 干扰控制
Electromagnetic susceptibility:Theinability ofadevice,equipment,or system to perform,without degradation inthepresence of an electromagnetic disturbance.(Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.)
电磁敏感性:在存在电磁骚扰的情况下,装置、设备或系统不能避免性能降低的能力特性。
(敏感性高,抗扰性低。
)
Immunity (to a disturbance): The ability ofadevice,equipment, orsystem toperform without degradation in thepresence ofan electromagnetic disturbance.
(对骚扰的)抗扰性:装置、设备或系统面临电磁骚扰而不降低运行性能的能力. Internal immunity:Ability of a device,equipment,or system to perform without degradationin the presence of electromagneticdisturbances appearing atits normalinput terminals or antennas.
内部抗扰性:装置、设备或系统在其常规输入端或天线处存在电磁骚扰时能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。
Immunity level:The maximum levelof a givenelectromagneti cdisturbanceincident on a particular device,equipment,o rsystem for whichitremainscapable ofoperati ngat a required degree of performance.
抗扰性电平:将给定电磁骚扰施加于某一装置、设备或系统而其仍能正常工作并保存所需性能等级时的最大骚扰电平。
Immunitylimit:The specified minimum immunitylevel.
抗扰度限值:规定的最小抗扰性电平。
Immunitymargin:'The difference between the immunity limit of adevice,equipment,or system and the electromagnetic compatibility level.
抗扰度裕量:装置、设备或系统的抗扰性限值与电磁兼容电平之间的差值。
External immunity:Ability of a device, equipment,or system to perform withoutdegradation in the presence of electromagn etic disturbancesentering otherthan via its normal input terminalsor antennas.
外部抗扰性:装置、设备或系统在电磁骚扰经由除常规输入端或天线以外的途径侵入的情况下,能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。
Limit of disturbance:Themaximumpermissible electromagneti cdisturbance level,asmeasured in a specified way.
骚扰限值(允许值):对于规定测量方法的最大电磁骚扰允许电平。
Limitofinterference:Maximum permissible degradation of the performance of a device,equipment or system duo toanelectromagnetic disturbance (Because of the difficulty of measuring: interference in many systems,frequently the termlimitof interferenceis used inEnglish instead ofli mit of disturbance.)
干扰限值(允许值):(电磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统最大允许的性能降低.)电磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统性能降低的最大允许值。
(因为在很多系统中干扰难以测量,所以在英文中干扰限值一词常常用骚扰限值替代.)
Electromagnetic compatibility(EMC):The ability of a device,equipment, orsystem to functionsatisfactorilyin itselectromagneticenvironment without introducingintolerableelectromagnetic disturbances to anything in。
th
atenvironment。
电磁兼容性(EMC):设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。
Intersystem electromagneticcompatibility:The condition that enables a system to functionwithout perceptibledegr adation caused by electromagnetic sourcesin an.othersyst em。
系统间电磁兼容性:使系统能够不出现由另一系统电磁源造成明显性能降低的条件。
Intrasystemelectromagneticcompatibility:Thecondition that enables the various por。
tionsofa system tofunction withoutperceptible degradation caused, by electromagne tic sources in other portions of the same system.
系统内电磁兼容性:使系统各部分都能够不出现由该系统不同部分电磁源造成的明显性能降低的条件。
Electromagnetic compatibilitylevel:The specified maximum electromagnetic disturbancelevelexpectedto be impressed o na device, equipment,or systemoperated inparticular conditi ons。
电磁兼容电平:预期加在工作于指定条件的装置、设备或系统上的规定的最大电磁骚扰电平。
Electromagnetic compatibility margin:Theratio ofthe im munity level of adevice,equipment,orsystem to the referenc edisturbance level。
电磁兼容裕量:装置、设备或系统的抗扰性电平与骚扰源的发射限值之间的差值。
Earth-coupled interference,ground-coupled interference:Electromagnetic interference resulting from,anelectromagneticdisturbance coupledfrom one circuit toanother through, acommonearth or ground—returnpath.
地耦合干扰:电磁骚扰从一电路通过公共地或地回路耦合到另一电路从而引起的电磁干扰。
Suppressor;suppression component:A component speciallydesigned,fordisturbance suppression.
抑制器:专门设计来抑制骚扰的器件。
Disturbance suppression:Actionthat reduces or eliminatese lectromagnetic disturbance。
骚扰抑制:削弱或消除电磁骚扰的措施.
Interference suppression: Action thatreduces oreliminateselectromagneticinterference。
干扰抑制:削弱或消除电磁干扰的措施。
Measurements 测量
Equipment under test(EUT):Adevice or system,usedf
or .evaluation that is representative of a product to bemarketed.
受试设备(EUT):用来对市售产品做出评估的装置或系统的样品。
Low—voltage electrical and electronic,equipment:Elec tricalandelectronicequipment with operating input voltages ofupto 600V DC or 1000V AC.
低压电气与电子设备:工作时输入的直流电压不高于600V或交流电压不高于1000V的电气、电子设备。
Conductedradio noise:Radio noiseproduced by equipment operation, which, exists on the power line(or signal lines)o ftheequipment and ismeasurable under specified conditionsasavoltage or current。
传导无线电噪声:设备工作时产生的无线电噪声,它存在于设备的电源线(或信号线)上,并可在规定条件下作为电压或电流进行测量。
Power line conducted radionoise: Radio noise produced 。
by equipment operation,which exists on thepower line of the equipment and ismeasurableunder specified conditions。
Note: Itmay enter a receptor,suchas ITE,bydirectc ouplingor by subsequent radiation from somecircuit elements。
电源线传导无线电噪声:设备工作时产生的无线电噪声,它存在于设备的电源线上,并可在规定条件下进行测量。
注意,通过直接耦合或某些电路元件的二次辐射,它可进入诸如ITE之类的接收器。
Common—made radio noise:Conducted radio noise thatappears between a common reference plane (ground) andoil wiresofa transmission line,causingtheir potentials to be cha nged simultaneously, and by thesame amount relativeto the common reference plane(ground).
共模无线电噪声:出现在公共参考面(地)与传输线所有导线之间,造成它们的电位同步变化且相对于公共参考面(地)数值相同的传导无线电噪声。
Floor—standing equipment:Equipment designed tobeused direct ly in contact with the floor,or supported above the flooron a surface designed to support both theequipment and theoperator(e.g。
,a raised computer floor).
地上设备:设计成直接与地面接触或置于地板上的设备(地板用于支撑地面上方的设备和操作人员,例如高出地面的计算机地板)。
Table—top device: A devicedesigned tobeplaced and normallyoperated on the raised Surface of a table,e。
g。
, most personal computers。
桌面设备:设计成放置在桌面上使用的设备,例如大多数个人计算机。
Differential-mode radio noise:Conducted radionoise that causes the potentialofone side of thesignal transmission path to be changed relative toanotherside。
差模无线电噪声:造成信号传输路径一侧的电位相对于另一侧变化的传导无线电噪声。
Artificial mains network;fine impedance stabilization network (LISN): Anetwork inserted inthe supplymainslea dofan apparatus to be testedproviding,in a given fre quency range, a specified load impedancefor (he measurement ofdisturbance voltages and possibly isolatingthe apparatus fromthe supplymainsin that fre。
quencyrange。
人工电源网络、线路阻抗稳定网络(LISN):串接在被试设备电源进线处的网络。
它在给定频率范围内,为骚扰电压的测量提供规定的负载阻抗,并使被试设备与电源相互隔离。
Delta network: An artificial mains network enablingthecommon—modeanddifferential—mode voltages of a single—phase circuit tobemeasured separately。
德尔塔网络:能够分别测量单相电路共模电压和差模电压的人工电源网络。
V-networks:Anartificialmainsnetwork enabling the voltagesbetweeneachconductor and earth to be measured separately. (The V-network may be designed for applicationto networksofany numberof conductors.).
V形网络:能够分别测量每个导体对地电压的人工电源网络。
(V形网络可设计成用于任意导体数的网络。
)
Current probe: A device formeasuringthecurrent in a conductor withoutinterruptingtheconductorand without introducing significant impedanceintothe associatedcir。
cuits.
电流探头:在不断开导体且不对相应电路引入显著阻抗的情况下,测量导体电流的装置。
Surfacetransfer impedance(of acoaxialline):The quot ient of the voltage induced in the center conductor of a coaxial line per unit length by thecurrent on theexternalsu rface ofthecoaxial line。
(同轴线的)表面转移阻抗:同轴线内导体单位长度上的感生电压与同轴线外表面上的电流之比。
Ground referenceplane: A flatconductive surface whose potentialis usedas a com.mon reference。
接地(参考)平面:一块导电平面,其电位用作公共参考电位。
Shielded enclosure;screenedroom:A meshorsheetmet allic housing designed exclusively for the purpose of electromagnetically separatingtheinternal and。
theexternal environment.
屏蔽壳体、屏蔽室:专门设计用来隔离内外电磁环境的网状或薄板金属壳体。
OPEN-AREA TESTSITES开阔试验场地
Standard antennacalibration site:Aflat,open areasi tewhich hasametallicground planeand isdevoid
of nearby scatterers suchas trees,powerlines,and fences. 标准天线较准场地:具有金属接地平面且附近没有树木、输电线和栅栏之类散射体的平坦开阔场地。
Ambientlevel:The valuesof radiated andconductedsignaland noise existingat a specifictestlocationand time when thetestsample is notactivated.
背景电平:受试样品尚未启动时,在指定试验地点与时间存在的辐射的和传导的信号及噪声之量值。
Antenna factor:Quantityrelating the strengthofthe field in which the antenna is immersed to the output voltage acrossthe load connected tothe antenna。
天线系数:表示天线所在处电场强度与天线端接负载上输出电压之间关系的量。
Siteattenuation:The ratio ofthe power input to a matched balancedlossless tuned dipole radiator to that at theoutput of a similarly balanced matched losslesstuneddipole
receiving antenna for specified polarization,separation,and heights above a flat reflecting surface。
场地衰减:对于规定的极化、收发天线间距及距反射平面高度,输入匹配平衡无耗调谐偶极子辐射器的功率与同样是匹配平衡无耗调谐的偶极子接收天线输出功率之比值.
Normalizedsite attenuation (NSA):Siteattenuation divided by the antenna factors oftheradiating andreceivin gantennas (ail in linear units).
归一化场地衰减(NSA):场地衰减除以发射天线与接收天线的天线系数(全部用线性单位)。
Radiated radionoise: Radio noise energy in the form of an electr omagnetic field including both the radiation andinduction
components of the field。
辐射无线电噪声:电磁场形态的无线电噪声能量,包括场的辐射分量与感应分量. Radiatedemission test site: A site meeting specified requirements suitable for measuring radio interferencefields radiated by a device equipment,orsystemunder test。
辐射发射试验场地:适用于测量由受试装置、设备或系统辐射的无线电干扰场的且满足规定要求的场地。
Single-signal method:Amethod of measurement in which the response of the receiver to an unwanted signalis measured in the absence ofthe wanted signal.
单信号法:在没有有用信号的情况下测量接收机对无用信号响应的方法。
Two-signalmethod:Amethod of。
measurement that deter minestheresponse of the receiver toan unwantedsig nal in the presence ofthewanted signal.(Forthis meth od, the detailedtest procedure and the criterion to use must be defined for eachtype of receivertested.)
双信号法:在存在有用信号情况下确定接收机对无用信号响应的测量方法.(用这
种方法时,对每种被测接收机都必须规定详细的测试方法和采用的标准。
)RECEIVERANDTRANSMITTERTERMS 接收机与发射机术语
Broadcast receiver:A device designed to receives transmissionsfrom a licensed station on frequencies that are authorized for commercial orpublic broadcasting.
广播接收机:用来接收被批准用于商业或公共广播事业的电台在许可频率上所发送信号的设备。
Bandwidth (of a device): The width of the frequency band overwhich a given characteristic of an equipment or
transmission .channel does not differfrom itsreference value by more than a specified amount or ratio. (The given
characteristic may be,for example, that of
amplitude/frequency,phase/frequency,or delay/frequency.)(设备的)带宽:设备或传输信道的给定特性偏离其参考值不超过某一规定值或比率时的频带宽度.(例如,这个给定的特性可以是幅/频特性、相/频特性或时延/频率特性。
)
Bandwidth (of anemission or signal):The width of the frequencybandoutside of which thelevelof any
spectral component does not exceed a specified percentage or a reference level。
(发射或信号的)带宽:任一带外频谱分量的电平都不超过参考电平的某一规定百分比的频带宽度。
Occupied bandwidth:The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its upper frequency limits, the mean
powers radiated are each equal to 0.5 percent of the total
mean power radiated by a given emission. In some cases,for example multichannel frequency division systems,the percentage of 0.5 percent maylead tocertain difficulties in the practical application of the definition of occupied band-width;in such cases a different percentagemay be useful. 占用带宽:低于频率下限与高于频率上限的带宽上发射的平均功率各等于一给定发射辐射的总平均功率的0.5%。
在某些情况下,例如多信道频率分派系统,0.5%这样的百分比在确定占用带宽的实际应用中会造成一定的困难,对于这种情况可采用不同的百分比.
Broadband device: A device whose bandwidth is such thatit is able to accept and processall the spectralcomponents of a particular emission.
宽带设备:带宽足以接收和处理特定发射的所有频谱分量的设备.
Narrowband device: A device whose bandwidth is such that it is able to accept and process only a portion of the spectral
components of a particular emission。
窄带设备:带宽只能满足接收和处理某一特定发射的部分频谱分量的设备。
Emission:An act of throwing out or giving off,generally used here in reference to
electromagnetic energy.
发射:这里通常是指发出或放出电磁能量的一种作用。
Broadband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth greater thanthat of a particularmeasuring apparatus or receiver。
宽带发射:带宽大于某一特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射。
Narrowband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatusor
receiver.
窄带发射:带宽小于特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射.
Out-of-band emission:Emission on a frequencyor frequencies immediately outside thenecessary bandwidth that results from the modulation process, but excluding spuriousemissions。
带外发射:由调制过程紧靠必要带宽的单个或多个带外频率点上的发射。
杂散发射除外。
Spurious emission (of a transmittingstation): Emission on a frequency or frequencies that are outside thenecessary
bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without
affectingthecorresponding transmission of
information。
(发射台的)杂散发射:必要带宽外的单个或多个频率点上的发射.可以减小其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。
Selectivity: The ability or a measure ofthe ability of a receiver to discriminate between a wanted signal towhich it is tuned andanunwanted signal havingfrequency components
generally lying outside the receiver bandwidth。
选择性:接收机分辨给定的有用信号与无用信号的能力或这一能力的度量。
Effective selectivity:selectivity under specifiedspecial conditions such as when input receiver circuits areoverloaded.有效选择性:在规定的特殊条件下,例如接收机输入电路过载时的选择性。
Adjacent-channel selectivity: The selectivity measured with a signal spacing equal to the channel spacing。
邻频道选择性:用于频道间隔相等的信号间隔所测得的选择性。
Desensitization: A reduction of the wanted output of the
receiver because of an
unwanted signal。
灵敏度降低:由于无用信号引起的接收机有用输出的减小。
Crossmodulation:Modulation of the carrier of a wanted signal byanunwanted signal,introduced by interaction ofthe
signals in nonlinear devices, networks, or
transmission media。
交调:非线性设备、电网络或传播媒介中信号的相互作用所产生的无用信号对有用的调制。
Intermodulation:A process occurring in a nonlinear device or transmission medium
whereby the spectral components of the input signal or signalsinteract to produce
new components having frequencies equal’ tolinear
combinations with integral
coefficients of the frequencies of the inputcomponents。
互调:发生在非线性的器件或传媒介中的过程由此一个或多个输入信号的频谱分量互相作用,产生出新的分量,它们的频率等于各输入信号分量频率的整倍数的线性组合。
Image rejection ratio:The ratio of the level of a specified signal at the image frequencyto the level of a signal at the tuned frequency producing the same output power.
镜像抑制比:接收机镜像频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出功率的调谐频率的(有用)信号电平之比。
Intermediate-frequency rejectionratio: The ratioof the
level of a specified signal at
any intermediate frequency usedin a receiver to the level ofthe wanted signal
producingequal output power。
中频抑制比:接收机中使用的任一中频频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出功率的有用信号电平之比。
Signal—to-disturbanceratio: The ratio of the wanted signal level tothe electromagnetic disturbance levels as
measured under specified conditions。
信骚比:规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁骚扰电平之间的比值.
Signal-to-noise ratio:The ratio of the wanted signal level to theelectromagnetic noise
level as measured under specified conditions.
信噪比:规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁噪声电平之间的比值.
Protection ratio: The minimum value of the signal-to—disturbance ratio required to
achieve a specified performance of adevice orequipment。
保护率:装置或设备达到规定性能所需的最小信骚比。
STATISTICAL MODELS 统计模型
Distributionfunction [P(x)]:The probability thata
parameter is less than a given
value x.
分布函数[P(x)] :某一参数小于给定值x的概率.
Probability density function: The derivative of the distribution function P(x)。
概率密度函数:分布函数P(x)的导数。
Amplitude probability distribution (APD): The fraction of the
total time interval for
which the envelope of a function is above a given level x。
幅度概率分布(APD):函数的包络大于给定值x的时间段相对于总时间间隔的
百分率。
Envelope amplitude distribution(EAD):A cumulative
distribution of the impulse
response positivecrossing ratesof a bandpass filter at different spectrum amplitudes。
包络幅值分布(EAD):带通滤波器在频谱幅值不同时的脉冲响应正交扰率的累积分布。
Noise amplitude distribution (NAD): A distribution
showing the pulse amplitude that
is equaled or exceeded as a function ofpulse repetition
rate.
噪声幅值分布(NAD):随脉冲重复率变化的一种表征达到或超过脉冲幅值的分布函数。
Average crossing rate:The average rate at which a specified level (zero ifnot specified)is crossed inthe
positive-going direction.
平均交扰率:规定的电平(若不规定则为0)被正向被交扰的平均比率。
Power density:Emitted power per unitcross-sectional area normal to the direction
of propagation.
功率密度:垂直于传播方向的每单位横截面积上辐射通过的功率。
FREQUENCYSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT频谱管理
Radiowaves or Hertzianwaves:Electromagneticwaveso ffrequencies arbitrarily lower than3000 GHz,propag ated in space without artificial guide.
无线电波或赫兹波:无人工导引情况下在空间传播的任何频率低于3000 GHz 的电磁波。
Radiation:Theoutwardflow of energy fromany source in the formof radio waves. 辐射:从源发出的能量以无线电波的形式向外传播. Emission:Radiation produced, or theproductionofradiation, by a radio transmitting station。
(For example,the energy r
adiated bythelocal oscillator or a radio receiver would not be an emission but a radiation.) Note:However,in thefieldof EMI/EMC,the term emission is used to describetheelectromagn etic interference (both radiated and conducted)generatedby a napparatus oran appliance。
发射:由无线电发射电台产生的辐射或辐射产物.[例如,由本地振荡器或无线电接收机产生的能量辐射不是发射,而是辐射。
]注意:然而在EMI/EMC领域,术语发射用来描述由仪器或设备产生的电磁干扰(含辐射的与传导的两种)。
Out-of—band emission:Emissionona frequencyor frequenciesimmediately outsidethe necessary bandwidthwhich results from themodulationprocess, but excludingspurious emissions。
带外发射:紧挨在必需的由调制过程造成的带宽之外的一个或多个频率的辐射,但不包括杂散辐射。
Spuriousemission:Emission on afrequency orfrequencieswhichare outsidethe necessarybandwidth, thelevel of which may be reducedwithoutaffectingthe corresponding transmission of information. Spuriousemissions include harmonicemissions,parasitic emissions,intermodulation products,and frequency-conversion products,but exclude out -of-band emissions。
杂散发射:必要带宽外的单个或多个频率点上的发射。
可以减小其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。
杂散辐射包括谐波发射、寄生发射、交调产物及变频产物。
带外发射除外。
Unwanted emissions:Consist ofspuriousemissions and out-of—bandemissions.
无用发射:包括杂散发射和带外发射。
Allocation (of a frequencyband):Entryin the Table ofFrequencyAllocations of a given frequency band for thepurpose of its use by one or more terrestrialor space radiocommunicationservicesorbythe radio astronom yservice under specified conditions。
Thisterm shall also be appliedto the frequency band con.cerned。
(频带)分配:为了在规定条件下实现地球或太空范围内的一项或多项无线通信或射电天文学服务,将一给定的频带登记到频率分配表中。
Allotment(of a radio frequency or radio frequencychannel):Entryofadesignated frequencychannel in anagre ed plan,adoptedbya competent conference,for use by one or more administrations for aterrestrial or space radio c ommunication servicein one or more identified countries or geographic areas and underspeci.fied conditions.
(无线电频率或无线电频率信道的)分配:供一个或多个管理机关按规定条件用于一个或多个参与国或地区进行地球或太空范围内的无线通信服务,被授权会议接受登记一个约定计划中指定的频率信道。
Assignment(of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel): Authorization given by anadministration for a radiostationto use aradio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions。
(无线电频率或无线电频率信道的)分配:由无线电台站管理部门核准,按规定条件使用无线电频率或无线电频率信道。
Assigned frequencyband: Thefrequency band within whichtheemission of a station is authorized; the widthof theband equals thenecessarybandwidth plus twice the absolutev alue of the frequency tolerance。
Wherespacestationsare concerned,theassigned frequencyband includes twice the maximum Doppler shiftthatmay occur in relation to anypoint of theearth'ssurface.
分配的频带:台站在批准的频带内发射;该频带的宽度等于必要带宽加上频率容限绝对值的2倍.对于空间站,指定的频带包括可以发生在有关的地球表面上任何地点的最大多卜勒频移的2倍.
Assigned frequency:The centerof thefrequencyband assign ed to a station.
分配的频率:分配给台站的频带的中心频率.
Frequency tolerance:Themaximum permissibledeparture by the centerfrequencyof the frequency band occupiedby anemission from the assigned frequency, or bythe characteristi cfrequency of an emission from the referencefrequency。
The frequencytolerance is expressedin partsin mil lion per Hertz.
频率容限:发射占有的带宽中心频率相对于指定频率的,或发射的特征频率相对于参考频率的最大允许偏差。
频率容限以每赫兹百万分之几来表示。
Interference:The effect of unwanted energy caused byone or a combinationof emis.sions,radiations,orinductions uponreception ina radiocommunication system,mani festedby any performancedegradation,misinterpretation, or loss ofinformation which could be extractedin the absenceof such unwanted energy。
干扰:在无线电通信系统接收时,由一种发射、辐射、感应或它们的组合产生的无用能量的效应,表现为性能下降、误判或使得原本没有这种无用能量时能提取到的信息丢失。
Protection ratio:The minimum value ofthewanted-to—unwanted signal ratio,,usuallyexpressed indecibels,atthe receiver, inputdetermined under specified conditionssuch thata specified receptionqualityof thewanted s ignalis achieved atthereceiver output。
防护率:在规定条件下,例如接收机输出的有用信号达到规定的接收质量,所确定的接收机输入的有用信号与无用信号之比的最小值,通常以分贝表示.。