新教材 牛津译林版必修一 Unit 2.2 Grammar

Unit1 Let’s talk teens
1.2 Grammar：简单句，并列句和主从复合句
句子的种类
（一）按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1. 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。

例如：
Light travels faster than sound.光比声传播速度快。

（说明事实）
The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。

（说明看法）
2. 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。

有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）：
Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗？
b. 特殊疑问句（Wh-Questions）：
Where do you live?你住那儿？
c. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）：
Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d. 反意疑问句（Tag-Questions）：
He doesn\'t know her, does he? 他不认识她，对不对？
3. 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出请求，建议或发出命令。

例如：
Don\'t be nervous!别紧张！
4. 感叹句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。

例如：
What good news it is!多好的消息啊！
（二）句子按其结构可以分为以下三类：
1. 简单句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。

例如：
She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。

2. 并列句（Compound Sentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。

例如：
The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。

3. 复合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。

例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。

Ⅰ.阅读短文，指出划线句子是什么句子结构
How to keep healthy
What is the most important thing in the world? ①I think it is health.
②You can take away our money, house, car, or even our clothes and we can survive. But if our health was taken away, we would surely die. That is why we always try to eat in a healthy way and exercise regularly.
In order to eat healthily, I usually avoid eating food high in fat, like French fries or cookies. ③I also eat little meat. I eat a lot of vegetables and fresh fruit which are full of vitamins.
④Taking exercise every day helps us build a strong body. Regular exercise is an important part of keeping me healthy.
What＇s more, I think friends are an important part of one＇s health. Many studies show that people with a wide range of social contacts get sick less than those who don＇t. ⑤I always feel better when I am with friends than when I am alone. When I am with my friends, I always laugh. Laughing is also an important part of health. I like to laugh with my friend
By eating properly and exercising regularly, ⑥I can keep my body at a proper weight and keep healthy. By spending time with my friends, I can keep my mind as well as my body happy. ⑦These things sound easy to do, but not many people can manage them. I think a strong will is necessary if we want to keep healthy.
I. 阅读理解
I Don't Think I Wrote Wrong
Lao Yang was born in a small town．He liked reading when he studied at school．He thought the writers were respected and could earn a lot of money，so He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers．
Now he works in a factory．He's busy at work．When he's free，he always reads something．He always remembers he hoped to be a writer when he was young．One day，Xiao Ping，his ten-year-old daughter，came
back．She looked worried and didn't eat anything．She said Miss GAO，her Chinese teacher，told them to write a solicit article "My Father" that evening．But she did not know what to write．
"That's easy，" said Lao Yang．"Let me help you．"
Then he sat down to write the solicit article at once．He easily finished it on time．He was sure Miss GAO would like it．But one afternoon he asked his daughter if the article had been chosen to post to the editorial department．
"My teacher said your article digressed from the subject（离题），" said the girl．
"I don't think so，" Lao Yang shouted angrily．"I described just my father!"
1. Lao Yang wrote a lot of stories because ______ ．
A. he is fond of reading merely（仅仅）
B. he learned much at school
C. he longed to be a writer
D. he wanted to help others
2. Lao Yang posted the stories to the editorial departments，______ ．
A. and he got a lot of money
B. and he became a famous man
C. and he was respected
D. but he failed
3. Lao Yang's solicit article digressed from the subject ______ ．
A. because he couldn't write it at all
B. because he didn't know his father well
C. because it was too bad to be chosen
D. just because he described his father
Ⅱ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Caffeine，a chemical typically found in coffee，has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs
that show up regularly in our food supply．use）caffeine since childhood．Caffeine
be）in your first Coke．If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar，you ate caffeine．Soft drinks are the major
source of caffeine for most children and even some adults recent），caffeine has found its way into orange，apple，and other flavored drinks．
．However，some
．One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause
they）to stay awake almost all night．call）caffeinism．You get very nervous and you can't sleep．
（缺陷）in humans，too．One study showed that
woman）who drank a lot of coffee，like eight or more cups per day，while they were pregnant （怀孕
的）were more likely have）children with birth defects．
Ⅲ. 七选五
How about the schoolwork in high school-is it harder？This is something your classmates are probably worried about，too．The work in high school builds on what you learned in middle school．(1) But these challenges can make you stronger．
(2) After-school activities can help you find your interests．Who says school has to be all work and no play？These activities may take place before or after school and during your free time．Because of this，it helps to improve your time management（时间管理）skills in your first year．
You may meet with some hard times．But if you ever find that personal problems are really hard to solve，find someone to talk to．(3) School teachers can be very helpful if you want to talk with someone outside of your friends and family．
Middle school taught you many things while providing you with a little support．(4) High school gives you the chance to take off those training wheels and learn how to be more independent（独立的）．(5) Even if you don't get off to the best start，that's normal，too．Just be patient and never give up trying．Once you've got used to your new skills，you may find you can go farther than you ever imagined．
A．It's kind of like a bicycle with training wheels．
B．It's perfectly OK if you're nervous at first．
C．Friends and parents can help you，but sometimes that's not enough．
D．If you're having thoughts like these，you're not alone．
E．Activities are great，but remember to leave free time for yourself．
F．High school has many after-school activities，such as music groups and sports teams．
G．So you may find your schoolwork in high school is a bit more challenging．
基础帮
Ⅰ.阅读短文，指出划线句子是什么句子结构
1、主从复合句；
2、并列句；
3、简单句；
4、简单句
5、主从复合句；
6、简单句；
7、并列句；
能力帮
I. 阅读理解
【解题导语】本文章讲述了Lao Yang 是个文学爱好者，但没能实现他的作家梦，他帮他的女儿写 my father，本来他应该描写他自己的，但他却写成了他的父亲．
1．C．细节理解题．根据第一段… he thought the writers were respected and could get a lot of money．He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知，他写了很多故事因为他想成为一个作家．故选C．
2．D．细节理解题．根据第一段He wrote a lot of stories and posted them to the editorial departments but didn't receive any answers 可知，Lao Yang把故事寄给编辑部门，但是没有收到回复．故选D．
3．D．细节理解题．根据最后一段"I don't think so，"Lao Yang shouted angrily．"I described（描写） just my father!"可知，Lao Yang描写的是他的父亲．故选D．
Ⅱ. 语法填空
本文主要讲的是咖啡因作为一种在咖啡中发现的化学物质，已经引起了很多关注，因为它是少数几种经常出现在我们食物供应中的药物之一．少量的咖啡因对大多数人来说似乎是安全的．如果过量可能导致疾病．1．have used．考查时态．根据时间状语自从童年，可知用现在完成时，所以答案是have used．2．was．考查时态．描述过去，所以用一般过去时．
3．Recently．考查副词．recently是副词"近来"在句中做时间状语，句子用现在完成时．
4．or．考查连词．一天一杯或者两杯咖啡，是选择关系，所以用连词or‘或者'．
5．with．考查介词．have trouble with是固定短语，意为"在某方面有麻烦/困难"．
6．them．考查代词．这里是用宾格代词在句中做动词cause的宾语，they的宾格代词为them．7．called．考查非谓语．problem与call之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词在句中做定语，"被叫做…"．8．that．考查主语从句．通过分析可知此处it作形式主语，从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导主语从句．9．women．考查名词的数．woman为可数名词，所以用复数泛指一类．
10．to have．考查固定搭配．be likely to do sth可能做某事．
Ⅲ. 七选五
1. G
2. F
3. C
4. A
5. B
语篇解读本文讲述了高中的学校生活和初中的学校生活的不同．文章告诉我们，高中学校生活在初中所学知识的基础上，更培养我们的独立性和自学能力．文章说明了一些应对高中生活的方法．
1．G．推理判断题．根据上文The work in high school builds on what you learned in middle school．可知，高中的功课是建立在你中学所学的基础上的，因此高中的功课对于才上高中的人来说有点挑战性．故G选项所以你可能会发现你的功课在高中有点挑战性．"符合上下文语境．故选G．
2．F．推理判断题．根据后文After-school activities can help you find your interests．（课外活动可以帮助你找到自己的兴趣．）可知是在说明课外活动，故可对应到F选项高中有许多课外活动，如音乐小组和运动队．"符合上下文语境．故选F．
3．C．推理判断题．根据下文
School teachers can be very helpful if you want to talk with someone outside of your friends and family．（如果你想和朋友、家人以外的人聊天，学校老师会很有帮助．）可推知本空是在说明朋友和家人也会帮助你度过这些困难时期，如果还不够的话，老师也会帮助你．故C选项朋友和父母可以帮助你，但有时这还不够"符合，上下文语境．故选C．
4．A．推理判断题．根据下文
High school gives you the chance to take off those training wheels and learn how to be more independent．（高中让你有机会卸下那些辅助轮，学习如何更独立．）中training wheels可对应到A选项中a bicyde with trainingwheels，表示有点像带辅助轮的自行车"代入符合上下文语境．故选A．
5．B．推理判断题．根据上文
High school gives you the chance to take off those training wheels and learn how to be more independent．（高中让你有机会卸下那些辅助轮，学习如何更独立．）可知高中好比学自行车开始卸下辅助轮，学生们要学习如何更独立，这对学生们来说，起初失去了"辅助轮的帮助可能会觉得独立有点紧张，这是很正常的．故B选项如果你起初感觉紧张，没有关系．"符合上下文语境．故选B．。