Digestive System消化系统英文值得收藏
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Upper muscle in stomach relaxes to let food enter and lower muscle mixes food with digestive juice
Digestive Juices used Saliva None Gastric juice (like Stomach acid)
Vision 03
e of drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs 非甾体抗炎药)
Methods of examination
1 2 3
Endoscopy 内窥镜
Laboratory inspection:blood and stool routines, C-urea breath test
laboratory examination
Barium meal（钡餐） Barium studies of the proximal gastro-intestinal tract are still commonly used as a first test for documenting an ulcer. For a DU ,it appears as a welldemarcated crater, often seen in the bulb . For a GU ,it may represent benign or malignant disease. Typically,a benign GU also appears as a discrete crater with radiating mucosal folds originating from the ulcer margin . （GU可能是良性和恶性。典型的良性表现为 游离龛影，粘膜皱襞从溃疡边缘向内放射集 中）
Colon cancer
2012 Chinese cancer registration report
Etiology
04.autoimmunity 01.Infection with a bacterium called H. Pylori (Hp)
Vision 04
Etiology
03.Diet and environmental factors
Food Particles Broken Down Starch None Protein
Intestine Pancreas Liver and gallbladder
Peristalsis None None
Small intestine digestive juice Pancreatic juice Bile
-scopy
镜检法
-ectomy
切除术
vocabulary
• -stomy:造口术、吻合术 • appendicostomy • gastrostomy • gastroduodenostomy • -tomy:切开术 • pancreatomy • gastrotomy • anatomy
Peptic ulcer
Diarrhea
Common Symptoms
5
Hematochezia 便血 Hematemesis 呕血 Constipation 便秘
6
7
8
Jaundice 黄疸
hemathem-
blood
hematology hematologist hemorrhage Hematochezia Hematemesis gastritis hepatitis enteradenitis nephritis cholecystitis
Other symptoms： Belching 打嗝 Nausea 恶心 Belching Satiety 早饱 Abdominal distension Epigastric 上腹部的 Nausea Tenderness 压痛 Satiety Signs： Epigastric tenderness (not specificity)
Pathology
Location:95% of DU is in the duodenal bulb(十 二指肠球部). A few occurred in the back of bulb ；85% of GU locate in the lesser curvature of stomach （胃窦小弯）and the angle of stomach （胃角） . Number: most of them are single, a few cases are crinosity and carbohydrates Starch, fats, and protein Fats
Common Symptoms
1
Loss of appetite Nausea and Vomitting
2
3 Abdominal distension & pain
4
-itis
inflammatiom
Epidemiological investigation
Morbidity
gastrointestinal diseases patients
120 million people
the elderly
accounted for more than 7 0%
chronic gastritis
Shape: round or oval（椭圆） Depth: The shallow ulcer involves mucosal muscular layer（粘膜肌层）,some ulcers reach to muscular layer（肌层）and even serous coat（浆膜 层）.A few ulcers leads to perforation（穿孔）. The bottom of ulcer is clean , with smooth edge and ashen or sallow coating（灰白或灰黄苔）. Recover time :4-8W
H.Pylori Pepsin Duodenal
幽门螺杆菌 胃蛋白酶 十二指肠的
Mucosa
粘膜
Prostaglandin 前列腺素 Synthesis 合成
4、Other risk factors · Cigarette · Psychological factors · Genetic factors
Overview 2
How many types can the peptic ulcer be classified? What are they?
Etiology
1、 H.pylori infection: the main cause of peptic ulcer. 2、 Gastric acid and pepsin ：PU is due to gastric acid and pepsin consisting gastric juice caused by their own digestion. 3、 Drug factors ： some NSAIDs, anticancer drugs have damaging effects on gastric and duodenal mucosa, which was most obvious in NSAIDs. NSAIDs in addition to direct effects on the gastric and duodenal mucosa caused the damage, mainly through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Clinical Features
symptom——Abdominal Pain 1、Long term ：several years or even decades. 2、Periodical(周期性的) attack: the attack and relieved stage appear alternately.发作期与缓解期交替出现 3、Rhythmic epigastric pain.节律性上腹疼 GU · irregular gastric pain after meal · Ingestion of food and antacids（制酸剂） can not relieve pain DU · Burning pain worse when hungry or at night · Ingestion of food and antacids often relieve pain
the morbidity of chronic gastritis is 3 0%
the incidence of peptic ulcer is 10%
peptic ulcer
Cancer death rates list
Hepatic carcinoma
Gastric carcinoma Esophageal cancer
Mucous Anus
粘液的 肛门
Pharynx
咽部
Esophagus 食管 Pancreas 胰腺
Overview 1
• How many organs are there in the digestive system? What are they?
The organs of the digestive system
Imageological examination
4
5
Biopsy 活检 Gastrointestinal dynamics
6
Laparotomy 剖腹探查术
vocabulary
gastrstomach
gastritic gastralgia gastrorrhagia gastrorrhaphy gastrography gastradenitis gastroscopy endoscopy enteroscopy cystoscopy cholecystoscopy gastroscopy proctoscopy gastrectomy appendectomy cholecystectomy cystectomy
L/O/G/O
Digestive System
Contents
• Part 1 Introduction
• Part 2 Peptic ulcer • Part 3 Acute Pancreatitis
Anatomy
• Anatomically,the digestive
system consists of a 30-feet long mucous membrane-line tube beginning with the mouth and ending with the anus • The digestive system is composed of nine main organs:mouth、pharynx、 esophagus、stomach、 small intestine、large intestine、liver、gallbladder and pancreas
The primary functions of the digestive system
1
Ingestion 摄入 Digestion Absorption 吸收
2
3
4
Elimination 排泄
Physiology of the major organs
Organ Mouth Esophagus Stomach Movement Chewing Swallowing
Peptic ulcer(PU)：Mainly refers to the chronic ulcer occurs in the stomach and duodenum mucosa (n. [解剖] 粘膜), namely, gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU). The basic formation of ulcer is the gastric acid and pepsin (n. [医]胃蛋白酶) digestion . Clinically DU is more common than GU with the ratio being about 3:1.DU occurs in young adults.The age of onset of GU is generally 10 years older than DU. Autumn, winter and spring are the seasons of PU.
Digestive Juices used Saliva None Gastric juice (like Stomach acid)
Vision 03
e of drugs like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs 非甾体抗炎药)
Methods of examination
1 2 3
Endoscopy 内窥镜
Laboratory inspection:blood and stool routines, C-urea breath test
laboratory examination
Barium meal（钡餐） Barium studies of the proximal gastro-intestinal tract are still commonly used as a first test for documenting an ulcer. For a DU ,it appears as a welldemarcated crater, often seen in the bulb . For a GU ,it may represent benign or malignant disease. Typically,a benign GU also appears as a discrete crater with radiating mucosal folds originating from the ulcer margin . （GU可能是良性和恶性。典型的良性表现为 游离龛影，粘膜皱襞从溃疡边缘向内放射集 中）
Colon cancer
2012 Chinese cancer registration report
Etiology
04.autoimmunity 01.Infection with a bacterium called H. Pylori (Hp)
Vision 04
Etiology
03.Diet and environmental factors
Food Particles Broken Down Starch None Protein
Intestine Pancreas Liver and gallbladder
Peristalsis None None
Small intestine digestive juice Pancreatic juice Bile
-scopy
镜检法
-ectomy
切除术
vocabulary
• -stomy:造口术、吻合术 • appendicostomy • gastrostomy • gastroduodenostomy • -tomy:切开术 • pancreatomy • gastrotomy • anatomy
Peptic ulcer
Diarrhea
Common Symptoms
5
Hematochezia 便血 Hematemesis 呕血 Constipation 便秘
6
7
8
Jaundice 黄疸
hemathem-
blood
hematology hematologist hemorrhage Hematochezia Hematemesis gastritis hepatitis enteradenitis nephritis cholecystitis
Other symptoms： Belching 打嗝 Nausea 恶心 Belching Satiety 早饱 Abdominal distension Epigastric 上腹部的 Nausea Tenderness 压痛 Satiety Signs： Epigastric tenderness (not specificity)
Pathology
Location:95% of DU is in the duodenal bulb(十 二指肠球部). A few occurred in the back of bulb ；85% of GU locate in the lesser curvature of stomach （胃窦小弯）and the angle of stomach （胃角） . Number: most of them are single, a few cases are crinosity and carbohydrates Starch, fats, and protein Fats
Common Symptoms
1
Loss of appetite Nausea and Vomitting
2
3 Abdominal distension & pain
4
-itis
inflammatiom
Epidemiological investigation
Morbidity
gastrointestinal diseases patients
120 million people
the elderly
accounted for more than 7 0%
chronic gastritis
Shape: round or oval（椭圆） Depth: The shallow ulcer involves mucosal muscular layer（粘膜肌层）,some ulcers reach to muscular layer（肌层）and even serous coat（浆膜 层）.A few ulcers leads to perforation（穿孔）. The bottom of ulcer is clean , with smooth edge and ashen or sallow coating（灰白或灰黄苔）. Recover time :4-8W
H.Pylori Pepsin Duodenal
幽门螺杆菌 胃蛋白酶 十二指肠的
Mucosa
粘膜
Prostaglandin 前列腺素 Synthesis 合成
4、Other risk factors · Cigarette · Psychological factors · Genetic factors
Overview 2
How many types can the peptic ulcer be classified? What are they?
Etiology
1、 H.pylori infection: the main cause of peptic ulcer. 2、 Gastric acid and pepsin ：PU is due to gastric acid and pepsin consisting gastric juice caused by their own digestion. 3、 Drug factors ： some NSAIDs, anticancer drugs have damaging effects on gastric and duodenal mucosa, which was most obvious in NSAIDs. NSAIDs in addition to direct effects on the gastric and duodenal mucosa caused the damage, mainly through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.
Clinical Features
symptom——Abdominal Pain 1、Long term ：several years or even decades. 2、Periodical(周期性的) attack: the attack and relieved stage appear alternately.发作期与缓解期交替出现 3、Rhythmic epigastric pain.节律性上腹疼 GU · irregular gastric pain after meal · Ingestion of food and antacids（制酸剂） can not relieve pain DU · Burning pain worse when hungry or at night · Ingestion of food and antacids often relieve pain
the morbidity of chronic gastritis is 3 0%
the incidence of peptic ulcer is 10%
peptic ulcer
Cancer death rates list
Hepatic carcinoma
Gastric carcinoma Esophageal cancer
Mucous Anus
粘液的 肛门
Pharynx
咽部
Esophagus 食管 Pancreas 胰腺
Overview 1
• How many organs are there in the digestive system? What are they?
The organs of the digestive system
Imageological examination
4
5
Biopsy 活检 Gastrointestinal dynamics
6
Laparotomy 剖腹探查术
vocabulary
gastrstomach
gastritic gastralgia gastrorrhagia gastrorrhaphy gastrography gastradenitis gastroscopy endoscopy enteroscopy cystoscopy cholecystoscopy gastroscopy proctoscopy gastrectomy appendectomy cholecystectomy cystectomy
L/O/G/O
Digestive System
Contents
• Part 1 Introduction
• Part 2 Peptic ulcer • Part 3 Acute Pancreatitis
Anatomy
• Anatomically,the digestive
system consists of a 30-feet long mucous membrane-line tube beginning with the mouth and ending with the anus • The digestive system is composed of nine main organs:mouth、pharynx、 esophagus、stomach、 small intestine、large intestine、liver、gallbladder and pancreas
The primary functions of the digestive system
1
Ingestion 摄入 Digestion Absorption 吸收
2
3
4
Elimination 排泄
Physiology of the major organs
Organ Mouth Esophagus Stomach Movement Chewing Swallowing
Peptic ulcer(PU)：Mainly refers to the chronic ulcer occurs in the stomach and duodenum mucosa (n. [解剖] 粘膜), namely, gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU). The basic formation of ulcer is the gastric acid and pepsin (n. [医]胃蛋白酶) digestion . Clinically DU is more common than GU with the ratio being about 3:1.DU occurs in young adults.The age of onset of GU is generally 10 years older than DU. Autumn, winter and spring are the seasons of PU.