拖拉机变速箱体双面钻孔组合机床总体及右主轴箱设计

拖拉机变速箱体双面钻孔组合机床总体及右主轴箱设计

摘要：拖拉机变速箱是需要大量生产的零件。为了提高加工精度和生产效率，需要设计组合机床来改善加工情况。本课题设计的是拖拉机变速箱箱体双面钻孔组合机床。用于加工金马300拖拉机变速箱体左面上的18个M10的螺纹底孔、8个M8的螺纹底孔、2个∅20的光孔、1个∅12的光孔以及右面上的18个M10的螺纹底孔、6个M8的螺纹底孔、1个∅12的光孔和一个M16的螺纹底孔。该组合机床设计包括总体设计和部件设计两部分。总体设计包括机床配置型式的确定、结构方案的选择以及“三图一卡”的绘制。部件设计包括主轴箱设计及夹具设计，其中主轴箱设计包括绘制主轴箱设计原始依据图、确定主轴和齿轮、完成动力计算、设计传动系统。主轴箱根据变速箱体所需要加工孔的数量、位置来确定切削用量和主轴类型，采用1000mm×630mm的通用主轴箱。同时借助钻套引导麻花钻从而保证被加工孔的位置。设计过程中尽量使用了标准零部件，设计出的组合机床结构简单，操作方便，加工精度高，减轻了劳动强度，提高了加工效率，具有较好的经济性。

关键词：变速箱；钻孔；组合机床；主轴箱

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Design of General and Right Headstock of Modular

Machine Tool for Drilling Holes on Two-Side of Tractor

Gear Box

Abstract:The tractor gear box is a product which needs massive production. In order to improve the precision and the production efficiency, it is needed to design a high effective modular machine tool to make. This task is to design the general scheme and right headstock of modular machine tool for drilling holes on two-side of tractor gear box. The modular machine tool is used to drill 18 basic holes of screw of M10, 8 basic holes of screw of M8, 1 holes of ∅20, 1 holes of ∅12 and drill 18 basic holes of screw of M10, 8 basic holes of screw of M8, 1 holes of ∅12, a basic holes of screw of M16, which are on the left and right surface of the JM300tractor. The design of modular machine tool includes the system design and the part design. The system design includes the definition of the modular machine tool, the selection of the structure plan and the completing of the technological drawings of the part which need to be manufactured, the general drawing of modular machine tool, drawings of cutter display and the efficiency card of manufacture. The part design includes headstock design and jig design, the headstock design includes drawing the primitive basic chart for the gear box, determing the spindle and the gears, completing the power computation, designing the transmission system, drawing the gear box assembly drawing and the part processing charts. The headstock is designed by the quantity, the location of the holes which are needed to be processed. The headstock has been selected 1000mm×630mm as the general body. The headstock uses the standard one, with the aid of drill bush to guide the twist drill and guarantee the precision of processed hole. During the design process, we must use standard component as much as possible to design the modular machine tool in order to simplifying the structure. The modular machine tool is easy to be operated, has high machining precision and can reduce the working intensity, enhance the machining efficiency and had the very good efficiency.

Key word:Gear box; Drill hole; Modular machine tool; Headstock.