听力教程3第二版Unit_13

Unit 13

Section One Tactics for Listening

Part 1 Spot dictation

Sister Rivers Build Cultural Bridge Between U.S. and China

The Mississippi is the major river system in the United States, flows almost 3,800 kilometers from a small lake in Minnesota, gathering the waters of 250 other rivers and streams before reaching the Gulf of Mexico.

In mid-May, as spring flowers began to open, about 41 students from a dozen colleges, mostly in the Midwest, explored a section of the river in Wisconsin and Iowa, to learn about the environment, and each other.

The students, from the U.S., China and around the world, came to join the River Spirit Exchange program.

The cross-cultural educational experience - set up by the University of Wisconsin, Madison-based Environment and Public Health Network for Chinese Students - focuses on the Mississippi and China's longest river, the Yangtze.

This three-day get-together featured story-telling, hiking, camping and canoeing, all part of a larger lesson about conservation projects that can be used on both the Yangtze and Mississippi.

After the group met at the Crane Foundation preserve, they headed south to canoe a stretch of the Kickapoo River that winds its way through southwestern Wisconsin before joining the Mississippi. They paddled along a stretch of the

Kickapoo River, where a20-year preservation venture stopped encroachment by developers（开发商）and protected the natural setting of the waterway.

The students on the River Spirit Exchange ended their first night with singing and stories around the campfire. Organizers say the success and spirit of this first gathering of students will lead to other trips, including one down the Yangtze.

Part2 Listening for Gist

Four out of five of all children who got leukemia* in 1960 died. Now four out of every five survive. The secret of this miraculous change is the rosy periwinkle*, a forest flower which tribal doctors had used for centuries. The United States National Cancer Institute has identified more than 2,000 tropical rainforest plants with ability to fight cancer. In fact, about 4,000 of all drugs given out in the United States today owe much of their strength to chemicals from wildlife, largely from the rainforest.

Other drugs include quinine, which comes from a South American tree, and sufferers from high blood pressure get relief from the snakeroot* plant from Indian forests. The armadillo*, of South America is helping us find a cure for leprosy*.

Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.

1. This passage is about some wildlife from forests that can be used in the treatment of certain diseases.

2. The key words are leukemia, survive, change, forest flower, 2,000 tropical rainforest plants, fight cancer, quinine, a South American tree, high blood pressure,

snakeroot, armadillo, leprosy.

Section Two Listening Comprehension

Part1 dialogue

How to Succeed

Dario: I think the most important thing you must have to succeed in Italy is er ... of course, you have to be ambitious, because if you are not ambitious you can't

reach your aim, your target. And you must have also a natural ability*,

because you must adapt yourself and your work and er ... enjoy your work,

of course. And Italian people are used to working a lot and to doing hard

work. Of course you must also know the right people because if you want a

job and you don't know anybody you have to work much harder. Interviewer: So if you were going to choose one factor, Dario, which one do you think would be the most important? Could you choose one?

Dario: Yes, ambition.

interviewer: Thank you.

(Dialogue B)

Sue: I think that to be successful in Spain you need ambition, because it's what makes you want to work and do something different. And I think natural ability is also important. To be a good musician and to succeed I think that you must

have something special. And I think that knowing the right people is important

because it can save you a lot of time. You don't spend so much time trying to

get something if you know people that can help you.

Interviewer: What would you say is the most important thing?

Sue: Ambition I think is the most important.

(Dialogue C)

Taylor: I think the most important things are hard work, and good education, and natural ability.

The Japanese have a traditional culture and we think that working

industriously is a virtue, so laziness cannot be accepted by society. And a

good education - anyone who wants to and who makes the effort can

enter the famous universities, so er ... when we estimate someone's ability

we look at whether he's graduated from university or not. But if someone

wants to succeed, of course he needs ambition and natural ability. Interviewer: So for you, which is the most important factor?

Taylor: Oh, in Japan, hard work, definitely.

Exercise

Directions: You are going to listen to three people talking about how they succeeded in different countries. Take notes and complete the following grid.

Part 2 passage

Global Economy of the 21st Century

1. The move toward a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies.

2. Current trends suggest that the world is moving rapidly toward an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.

3. The world may be moving toward a more global economic system, but globalization is not inevitable.

4. It is simply worth noting that even from a purely economic perspective, globalization is not all good.

5. The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantly

enhanced, but the risks associated with global financial contagion are greater.

The last quarter of the century has seen rapid changes in the global economy. Barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital have been coming down. The volume of cross-border trade and investment has been growing more rapidly than global output, indicating that national economies are becoming more closely integrated into a single, interdependent, global economic system. As their economies advance, more nations and areas are joining the ranks of the developed world. A generation ago, South Korea and Singapore were viewed as second-tier developing areas. Now they boast powerful economies, and their firms are major players in many global industries from shipbuilding and steel to electronics and chemicals. The move toward a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies by countries 后接定语从句that for two generations or more were firmly opposed to them. Thus, following the normative prescriptions of liberal economic ideology,in country after country we are seeing state-owned businesses privatized, widespread deregulation*, markets being opened to more competition, and increased commitment to removing barriers to cross-border trade and investment. This suggests that over the next few decades, countries such as the Czech Republic, Poland, Brazil, China, and South Africa may build powerful market-oriented economies. In short, current trends suggest that the world is moving rapidly toward an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.

On the other hand, it is always hazardous to take established trends and use them to predict the future. The world may be moving toward a more global economic system, but globalization is not inevitable. Countries may pull back from the recent commitment to liberal economic ideology if their experiences do not match their expectations. Clearly, this would be a tougher world for international businesses to compete in.

Moreover, greater globalization brings with it risks of its own. This was starkly demonstrated in 1997 and 1998 when a financial crisis in Thailand spread first to other East Asian nations and then in 1998 to Russia and Brazil. Ultimately the crisis threatened to plunge the economies of the developed world, including the United States, into a recession. It is simply worth noting

that even from a purely economic perspective*, globalization is not all good.

The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantly enhanced, but as we saw in 1997-1998, the risks associated with

global financial contagion* are also greater. Still, there are ways for firms to exploit the opportunities associated with globalization, while at the same time reducing the risks through appropriate hedging* strategies.

A: Pre-listening Question

What will affect the future of global economic development besides political factors?

The following two factors must be taken into consideration although

there are many others that will decide the future of the development. One is

that the food and energy situation will become worse and worse with the increasing world population. The other is that our living environment has now been heavily polluted as a result of the booming of modem industries.

B: Sentence Dictation

Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.

C: Detailed Listening

Directions: Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.

1. The rapid changes have taken place in the past 25 years in the global economy because barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital have been coming down.

2. The volume of cross-border trade and investment results in establishing a single, interdependent, and global economic system.

3. The examples of economic development in South Korea and Singapore

show that more nations are joining the ranks of the developed world.

4. The move towards a global economy has been further strengthened by the widespread adoption of liberal economic policies.

5. The current trends indicate that the world is moving rapidly to an economic system that is more favorable for the practice of international business.

6. This world would be a tougher world for international businesses to

compete in if some countries pull back from the recent commitment to liberal economic ideology because their experiences do not match their expectations.

7. What we can learn from the East Asia financial crisis in 1998 is that globalization brings risks of its own.

8. The writer still believes that there are ways for companies to exploit the opportunities associated with globalization in the 21st century

D: After-listening Discussion

Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions. 1. Greater globalization brings with it risks of its own. This was starkly demonstrated in 1997 and 1998 when a financial crisis in Thailand spread first to other East Asian nations and then in 1998 to Russia and Brazil. Ultimately the crisis threatened to plunge the economies of the developed world, including the United States, into a recession. It is simply worth noting that even from a purely economic perspective, globalization is not all good. The opportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantly enhanced, but the risks associated with global financial contagion are also greater.

2. (Open)

Section three News

News Item 1

Search planes found a 20 kilometer long oil slick, apparently left by the Air France jet.

Flight 447 left Rio de Janeiro bound for Paris on Monday. It carried 228 people. Debris found in the ocean could offer clues on why the four year old airplane went down.

A meteorologist with Accu Weather tells VOA that Flight 447 may have encountered 160-kilometer-per-hour winds as it flew into strong storms along the equator.

The area is called the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone. It's where the trade winds between the Northern and Southern hemisphere meet.信风（又称贸易风）指的是在低空从副热带高压带吹向赤道低气压带的风。

U.S. pilots who fly this route say the zone's fierce thunderstorms carry moisture lower and therefore often do not appear on radar.

Some experts point to severe turbulence or lightning strikes as to the cause. But planes are built to withstand strikes, so pilots say it's doubtful that lightning would be catastrophic.

Shortly before it vanished, Flight 447 transmitted automatic messages reporting failures in its pressurization and electrical systems.

The Airbus is a "fly-by-wire" plane, meaning it relies totally on electricity to fly.

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the crash of an Air France jet.

B: Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following outline.

The Air Crash

Airline and flight number: Air France Flight 447

Number of passengers on board: 228

Tim of the accident: Monday

Route of the flight: from Rio de Janeiro to Paris

Years of service of the plane: 4

Possible explanation:

1. Flight 447 may have encountered 160-kilometer-per-hour winds as it flew into strong storms along the equator.

2. The zone's fierce thunderstorms carry moisture lower and therefore often do not appear on radar.

3. Severe turbulence or lightning strikes may cause the catastrophe.

News Item2

It was a nation already vulnerable, the poorest in the Western hemisphere, with a history of lax construction. The International Red Cross says the 7.0 earthquake in Haiti leaves close to a third of the population in need of emergency aid. Thousands are feared dead.

Haiti's ambassador to the United States, Raymond Joseph is calling for up to quadruple the amount of U.S. aid to his country, which now stands at about $300 million. He calls on the international community to help as well.

The United Nations said Wednesday that more than 100 people are missing from its wrecked headquarters.

Meantime, aid from around the world is bound for Haiti on its way from a range of countries including Iceland, China and Israel.

People have sent their donations to various relief organizations and their prayers, including the Pope.

The United Nations reports that the main airport in Haiti's capital is operational and open to relief flights in the coming days.

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the earthquake in Haiti and the international aid.

B: Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.

1. It is a vulnerable, the poorest in the Western hemisphere.

2. A 7.0 earthquake hit the country.

3. A third of the population are in need of emergency aid.

4. About $300 million.

5. More than 100 people are missing.

News Item3

The hardest hit countries are Angola and Namibia, which are experiencing the worst floods since 1963. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported in Angola, 21 people have been killed and an estimated 200,000 affected.

It said the number is likely to increase once UN aid workers are able to reach areas that currently are inaccessible because of the floods.

Official figures indicate more than 3200 houses have been destroyed, as well as more than 100 schools. It says schools and other public buildings are being used as shelters. So, classes are interrupted.

OCHA Spokeswoman, Elizabeth Byrs, told VOA all provinces are reporting widespread destruction of crops and food reserves. She says malnutrition rates are likely to increase in the coming weeks.

UN and private aid agencies on Monday issued a flash appeal for $2.75 million to support the immediate needs of up to 350,000 people affected by floods in Namibia.

OCHA reported 92 people have died and 13,000 have been displaced. It said more than 50 percent of roads have been damaged in the affected areas and this is making it extremely difficult for people to get to health facilities, schools and market places.

A: Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.

This news item is about the effects of the floods on Angola and Namibia.

B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide the following statements are true or false.

1. F

2. F

3. T

4. T

5. F

6. T

7. F

8. F

Section Four Supplementary Exercises

Part 1 Feature Report

Lethal Snake Bites Kill 200,000 a Year

Larry Bulanadi is known in the Philippines as the Cobra King, because of his skill in hunting the feared spitting cobra - a highly venomous snake that spits toxin at its prey.

Farmers have asked him to rid their farms of cobras.

Today Bulanadi was called by this farmer who found two snakes in his field. If he gets bitten by a cobra, he could die quickly. Hospitals are far away and often they do not even have antivenin.

The World Health Organization (WHO) says about five million people around the world are bitten by snakes each year. As many as 200,000 die, and about 400,000 lose limbs. Most victims are in developing countries in Africa and Asia.

The WHO says victims in developing countries, many of them children, die because they are far from medical help and because there is a global scarcity of antivenin.

Dr. Visith Sitprija runs the WHO Collaborating Center for Venomous Snake Toxicology and Research in Bangkok. He says the high cost of producing antivenin means poorer countries such as Cambodia and Burma cannot get adequate supplies.

Unlike other medicines that can be mass-produced, Dr. Visith says antivenin is often tailor-made for snakes from specific locations. "Although they may share the common toxin component, the biological effect varies, you know depending on the

environment, genetics and the food they eat."

That means antivenin for a spitting cobra in the Philippines may not work on someone bitten by a similar snake in West Africa.

In this snake farm in Bangkok, children are introduced to a variety of snakes. They learn that most snakes bite people only by accident, and they learn ways to avoid bites - such as wearing rubber boots.

For now, experts say the best ways to reduce the death and injury toll from snake bites are prevention and education.

A: Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.

This news report is about the number of victims of snake bites each year due to a global scarcity of antivenin.

B: Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.

1. T

2. T

3. F

4. F

5. T

6. T

7. T

8. T

Part2 Passage

Ecology or Economy?

1)For years, people in the region bet on its potential for economic development

based on conservation, but the tourists don't come in the needed numbers.

2)Signs of economic hard times abound in a city of 90,000 people, and streets are

filled with idle young men claiming to be guides.

3)The governor of the state says the solution to the region's economic woes lies in

the 3, 150-kilometer pipeline that runs through the state.

4)They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the

145,040-square-kilometer flood plain, which sprawls over parts of two Brazilian states.

5)The US based energy company has already backed out of a proposal to build a

thermoelectric plant, citing the stringent environmental regulations.

They come from as far away as Germany and Japan, eager to marvel at

the alligators* and to fish for rainbow trout* in the lea-hued waters, to stand under skies busy with white storks* and red-and-blue macaws*.

But the tourists don't come in the needed numbers. If ever a place seemed made for ecotourism, it was Brazil's Pantanal - the world's biggest expanse of wetlands. For years, people in the region bet on its potential for economic development based on conservation.

Not anymore. Tourism has failed to bring the hoped-for prosperity, and

the support is growing for old-fashioned industrial development - even if that means perhaps irreversible damage to the ecosystem.

Environmentalists say there still is room to develop ecotourism. They argue that businesses in the Pantanal have concentrated too much on simple fishing tours that have depleted the region's once-rich fish stocks.

But signs of economic hard times abound in Corumba, a city of 90,000 people 1,600 kilometers northwest of Rio de Janeiro. Streets are filled with

idle young men claiming to be Pantanal guides, hustling everything from

tours to cheap Bolivian cocaine to sex with young girls.

With ranching and farming limited by the Pantanal's poor soil and

seasonal flooding, conservation now seems to many people a luxury the

region can no longer afford.

The governor of the state says the solution to the region's economic woes lies in the 3, 150-kilometer pipeline that runs through the state carrying natural gas from Bolivia to Brazil's industrial capital of Sao Paulo.

He wants to build a thermoelectric* plant, a steel mill and a

petrochemical complex to be fueled by the gas and turn this sleepy colonial

city into a hub of industry.

Environmentalists disagree. They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the 145,040-square-kilometer flood plain, which sprawls over parts of two Brazilian states and into Bolivia.

This could be disastrous for the Pantanal, home to some 650 bird species, 230 fish species, 80 mammal species and more than 1,000 kinds of butterflies.

The Pantanal is essentially an enormous settling pond with virtually no flushing* mechanism, industrial pollutants could quickly build up, poisoning the more fragile species and provoking a catastrophic domino effect* running up the food chain.

Pressure from environmentalists also helped stall a multibillion-dollar plan to

deepen and straighten the Paraguay River, which runs through the Pantanal, as part of a project to create a river link from the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of South America.

The US-based energy company El Paso Corp has already backed out of a proposal to build a thermoelectric plant in Corumba, citing the stringent* environmental regulations.

Still, some environmentalists fear regulations alone won't be enough if the state builds thermoelectric plants and a steel mill.

It's not just the pollution. These projects will bring more and more people into a region with a very precarious* infrastructure ..

Some people warn that the promise of industrial development could be just as illusory* as ecotourism.

A：Pre-listening Question

What is ecology and what is ecotourism?

Ecology is the study of the relationships between plants, animals, people, and their environment, and the balances between those relationships. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people". This means that those who implement and participate in ecotourism activities should follow the following principles:

Minimize impact;

Build environmental and cultural awareness and respect;

Provide positive experiences for both visitors and hosts;

Provide direct financial benefits for conservation;

Provide financial benefits and empowerment for local people;

Raise sensitivity to host countries' political, environmental, and social climate;

Support international human rights and labor agreements.

B：Sentence Dictation

Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.

C：Detailed Listening

Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.

1. Because Pantanal is the world's biggest expanse of wetlands.

2. Because tourism has failed to bring the hoped-for prosperity.

3. Because Pantanal has concentrated too much on simple fishing tours.

4. Because the soil at Pantanal is very poor and seasonal flooding makes it even harder to ranch or farm.

5. Home to some 650 bird species, 230 fish species, 80 mammal species and more than 1,000 kinds of butterflies could be ruined.

6. Pressure from environmentalists helped stall the plan.

7. Regulations alone won't be enough. A very precarious infrastructure must be taken into consideration.

8. The result will be the same as what people believed in the development of ecotourism.

D：After-listening Discussion

Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.

1. Environmentalists say there still is room to develop ecotourism. They argue that businesses in the Pantanal have concentrated too much on simple fishing tours that have depleted the region's once-rich fish stocks.

Environmentalists disagree with the building of a thermoelectric plant, a steel mill and a petrochemical complex in the area. They fear an expanding industrial economy could not help but harm the 145,040-square-kilometer flood plain. Pressure from environmentalists also helped stall a multibillion-dollar plan to deepen and straighten the Paraguay River, which runs through the Pantanal, as part of a project to create a river link from the Atlantic Ocean to the heart of South America. 2. (Open)