英语语法之独立主格

He raised his head, his eyes swollen. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm. He put on his socks, wrong side out. His parents being away on vacation, he had to cook meal for himself. Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next mouth.
Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newlybuilt school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和 草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。 (=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) The question settled, they went back to their respective posts. (=After the question was settled , they went back to their respective posts.)


由 悬垂结构 造成的错误 (1)悬垂分词 误： Being Sunday, they went for a picnic. 正： It being Sunday, they went for a picnic. 正： As it was Sunday, they went for a picnic. (2)悬垂不定式 误：To swim properly, a course of instruction was necessary. 正：To swim properly, one needs a course of instruction. (3)悬垂简式从句 误：When a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him. 正：When he was a middle school student, his parents were very strict with him.
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）
独立主格 （一）： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 名词(代词)+形容词； 名词(代词)+副词； 名词(代词)+不定式； 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ（二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不 同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
悬垂分词 分词短语在句子中作状语时，其逻辑主语(亦称隐 含主语)通常应是整个句子的主语；如果不是，而 且其本身也不带自己的主语(如在独立主格结构 中)，就被认为是一个语言失误。这个分词就叫做 “悬垂分词”(dangling participle)或“无依附分 词 ”(unattached participle)。例如： (1)Getting down from the bus，my ankle was sprained． (2)Driving to Chicago that night，a sudden thought struck me．