版高中英语二轮专题复习学案专题一 语法和词汇知识之代词数词和介词(新课标)

2011版高中英语二轮专题复习学案：

专题一语法和词汇知识之代词、数词和介词（2）（新课标）

【专题考点】

1 考查不定代词、替代词、it的用法及其他代词

2 考查数词的基本用法

3 考查介词及其短语的辨析和介词的搭配

【典例探究】

1.（2010 ·福建卷·T 22）. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

【解析】选C。考查不定代词的用法。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生的时候，请为我说点什么好吗？something可用于疑问句中，表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，与语境相符。

【知识拓展】不定代词的常见考点

不定代词的考点常见的有：

1. none/no one：none可用于表示人或物，可接of，有范围的限定，其谓语的数可单可复；no one通常只表示人，不接of，无范围的限定。

2. each/every：each 和every着眼点不同，范围也不同，前者重在个体，表两者或两者以上；后者着眼于整体，表三者或三者以上。

3. either/neither：either两者中任一个；neither 两者中没有一个。

4. other/another：other泛指“另外的”，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但前面有the、some、any、each、every、no以及形容词性物主代词时，可与单数可数名词连用。another是由不定冠词an和other合并构成，通常代替或修饰可数的单数名词，意思是“任一”、“再一”。

2.（2010·山东卷·T32）Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. one

【解析】选D。考查代词用法。句意为：帮助别人是一种习惯，一个你在很小时就能学会的习惯。分析句子结构可知，habit之后的空格处为同位语部分，用one相当于a habit, 空处后的部分为定语从句部分，

修饰one, 其后省略了引导定语从句的关系代词which或that, 作learn的宾语。

【知识拓展】“代词作同位语”考点剖析

将同位语与代词用法放在一起考查是各种测试题中常见的一种现象，常涉及it, that, one, this, that, as, what 及something, anything, nothing等，而其中对one，it, that, what等代词的考查尤其多见, 针对one在句中用于代替“a/an+单数名词”充当同位语的这一考查角度在数年高考题中曾经多次呈现，通过比较我们可以发现某些高考题的相似之处。

(2002全国I) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ________I will always treasure.

A. that

B. one

C. it

D. what

【解析】选B, 此句中用one替代a moment，作an unforgettable moment的同位语，泛指值得我珍惜的那样一个时刻。又如Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of the sailors on his ship.同时仔细研究题目的四个选项，我们也可以看出，山东高考题只是全国卷的一个翻新版而已。

3.（2010·江苏卷·T29）So far we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is ________ ideal. We have to work still harder.

A. next to

B. far from

C. out of

D. due to

【解析】选B。考查固定短语意义的辨析。句意：到目前为止，我们已经做了很多工作来打造低碳经济，但是还远不理想。我们还必须更加努力工作。本题考查固定短语的辨析：next to意为“几乎，差不多；紧邻着”，与句意相反；far from意为“远非；远离”，后面常常接名词或者形容词；out of意为“从……里；出于”；due to意为“由于”，后面常常接名词，可以作表语或者原因状语，相当于because of。根据句意选择B 项。

4（2010·湖北卷·T30）It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.

A. in preference to

B. in place of

C. in agreement with

D. in exchange for

【解析】选D。考查介词短语意义辨析。句意：公务员用自己对他人的格外关照作交换而向他人索要钱物的行为是非法的。根据句意，in exchange for 用……作交换，换取；符合题意，因此选择D。in preference

to 优先于……；in place of 代替；in agreement with 与……一致；均不合题意。

5.（2010·江西卷·T 29）We give dogs time ,space and love we can spare, and , dogs gives us their all.

A. in all

B. in fact

C. in short

D. in return

【解析】选D 。考查介词词组辨析。句意：我们给狗我们所能够抽出的时间、空间和爱，作为回报，狗给予我们他们的一切。in all 总共；in fact 事实上；in short 简言之；in return 作为回报。

【跟踪演练】

1.（2011·福建省福州市八县联考）After watching the movie Inception《盗梦空间》, I bought some DVD copies

of the film, but now is left.

A. none

B. nothing

C. no one

D. neither

2（2011·吉林东北师大附中模拟）It was our optimism and faith ________ Shackleton that had helped us persevere ________ staying alive．

A．with; on B．in; at C．for; in D．in; in

3（2010·河南省开封市二模）24．For quite students, their teacher’s a dvice is more important than of their parents.

A．few; one B．a few; that

C．a little; some D．a lot; many

4（2011·吉林实验中学二模）Of all the books on the desk, ______ is of any use for study.

A．nothing B．no one C．neither D．none

5（2010·吉林省实验中学二模）6. ______ went to see our professor last week.

A. I, he and you

B. He, I and you

C. You , he and I

D. I, you and he

6（2010·吉林省实验中学二模）28. Not far from the club , there was a garden, ____ owner seated in it playing bridge with his children.

A. whose

B. its

C. of which

D. in which

7（2010·湖南省长沙市一中二模）28. The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _____ immediately.

A. to

B. at

C. on

D. with

8（2010·河南省开封市二模）33．China has produced many great writers over the last ten years, Mo Yan.

A．among them was B．among whom was