16种英语时态讲解

• I cut my finger when I was cooking the dinner last night.
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七、将来进行时态
将来进行时的基本用法
形式: will be doing
用法1: 表示将来某一特定的时刻正在进行的动作. • I’ll be lying on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow.
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八、现在完成时态
现在完成时的基本用法
形式: have/has done
用法1: 延续到现在的动作或状态. 开始于过去的动作 一直持续的现在， 而且还可能继续持 续下去。谓语动词 一般为延续性动词。
• I have lived here for 3 years.
• The teacher has taught in this school since I came here. • Since time began, man has lived in fear of fire.
• Knowledge is power.
用法3: 有时用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作. • Here comes your friend.
• There goes our bus; we’ll have to wait for the next one. 用在以there或here开头的句中,表示目前 短暂的动作.
时态
Tense
一、时态概述
16种时态
一般动作 进行动作
现在
一般现在 现在进行
过去
一般过去 过去进行
将来
一般将来 将来进行
过去将来
一般过去将来 过去将来进行
完成动作
完成进行动 作
现在完成
现在完成 进行
过去完成
过去完成 进行
将来完成
将来完成 进行
过去将来完成
过去将来完成 进行
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二、一般现在时态
一般现在时的基本用法
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五、现在进行时态
现在进行时的基本用法
用法3: 表示最近的将来一定的安排. 通常含有“计划 ”, “安排做”之意.
• I am taking a makeup test tomorrow.
• — what are you doing on Saturday night? — I’m doing some shopping with Jane.
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四、一般将来时态
一般将来时的基本用法
形式: will do 或be going to do
用法1: 表示预测将要发生某事,用will或be going to do. 1) be going to 特别意指根据目前的明显迹象来推断某件事 要发生; will 则只是表名说话人认为或相信某件事要发生 2) be going to 通常用来表示说话人预期所说的事件马上或 在相当近的将来就要发生; will 所表示的动作发生的时间 可近可远. • Look at this black clouds! It’s going to rain. • I feel terrible, I think I’m going to be sick.
1 ) 事 实 状 态 的 动 词 ： have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue… • I have two brothers. This house belongs to my sister. 2) 心理状态的动词 ： know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate… • I need your help. He loves her very much. 3) 瞬间动词：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse… • I accept your advice. 4)系动词：seem, remain, lie, look, sound, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn… • You seem a little tired.
八、现在完成时态
现在完成时的基本用法
用法2: 过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态. 表示在不确定的 过去发生的动作 对现在仍有影响， 谓语动词一般为 短暂性动词。
• He has broken his leg. 试比较
• He broke his leg.
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知识扩展：第二种现在完成时态使用技巧
1) 这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间状语连用 • He has left his hometown for 3 years. (典型错误) • He left his hometown 3 years ago. • He has been away from his hometown for 3 years. Note: 短暂性动词的完成时句子若用否定句，表示尚未发生的 事情，则可作为一种状态，表示延续。 • I haven’t bought a pair of shoes for a year. 2) 与不确定时间的时间状语连用： already, yet, often, just, never... • He has already arrived. Has it stopped raining yet ?
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三、一般过去时态
一般过去时的基本用法
形式: did
用法1: 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态. • He was late for school this morning.
• I bought this computer three years ago.
• I was tired last night, so I went to bed early. 用法2: 表示过去一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作. • He used to do morning exercises. • I lived in the country for ten years. • He took a walk after supper when he was alive.
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二、一般现在时态
一般现在时的基本用法
用法4:有时用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作. • Please let me know when he comes back.
• What are you going to do when you leave school.
• I’ll give the book to him as soon as I see him. • I’ll be glad if she comes over to visit me. 主要用在条件状语从句(if, unless)和时间状语从 句(when, as soon as, befor, after, etc.)中, 表 示将来动作.
用法4: 常与always, forever, continually, constantly 等连用,表示抱怨,厌烦, 不合情理或使人不愉快的事.
• He’s always messing up the kitchen.
• He’s continually asking me for money.
• He always goes to school by bike.
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二、一般现在时态
一般现在时的基本用法
用法2: 表示不受时间限制的事实陈述或客观性的真理. • The earth moves around the sun. • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
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知识扩展：与现在完成时搭配的时间状语
1) Since+时间点 • I have worked in this company since 1980. 2) for+时间段 • Great changes have taken place in Changsha for the past few years. 3) “到目前为止…”：until now, up until now, up to now, up till now, so far… • We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations. 4) “在最近几世纪/年/月以来…”：in/over the past few years, for the last few centuries, throughout history, through centuries… • Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die, for the very nature of life includes death. 15
• Wait until seven o’clock so that they won’t s百度文库ill be eating.
• Don’t call me at nine tomorrow because I will be studying at the library.
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知识扩展：不用进行时的动词
形式: do 或does(第三人 称单数)
用法1: 表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或者存在的状态.
• He often goes to the gym.
• I like the rice for dinner. • He doesn’t work hand.
此用法常与一些表示动作频率的时间副词连用(副词放在be动词之 后, 实义动词之前). 1) 表示肯定的频率副词: always, frequently, usually, sometimes, often, occasionally, generally 等. 2) 表示否定的频率副词: never, seldom, rarely 等.
2) will 表示意愿,则表示在说话的时刻立即做出的决定, 表 明将去做某事, 并没有经过事先考虑, 更没有为这一活动 做出事先准备. • I have bought a computer and I’m going to learn the computer science. • Someone is knocking at the door. I’ll go and open it.
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五、现在进行时态
现在进行时的基本用法
形式: am/is/are + doing
用法1: 表示说话此刻动作正在进行. • He is not available now. he is talking on the phone. • Please don’t make so much noise. I am studying.
用法2: 表示现阶段正在持续的动作,说话时刻动作 不一定正在发生.
• These days I am translating a book. • I am feeding the neighbor’s cat this week while she’s in hospital. • Mr. Green is writing another novel.
• The bridge will collapse.
• The bridge is going to collapse.
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四、一般将来时态
一般将来时的基本用法
用法2: 表示行动计划时用be going to do; 表示意愿时用will.
1) be going to 表示说话人对未来行动的计划或打算, 通常 是事先考虑并含有已经为这一行动作了某些准备的意思.
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六、过去进行时态
过去进行时的基本用法
形式: was/were + doing
用法1: 用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情. • I was discussing my thesis with my director at this time last night. 用法2: 常与一般过去时配合使用.此时,过去进行时通 常表示一个历时较长的作为”背景”的动作或状态; 而 一般过去时则表示此”背景”下发生的短暂的动作或状 态.过去进行时动作先发生,一般过去时动作后发生. • I was watching TV when the phone rang.