最新汽车专业英语原文及翻译

汽车工程专业英语
李俊玲 罗永革版（原文与翻译） tore than 15000 separate,individual parts that must work together.these parts can be grouped into four major categories:body,engine,chassis and electrical system. 现在的汽车一般都由 15000 多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件只要分为 四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 an automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows,a hood and a trunk deck built into it.it provides a protective covering for the engine,passengers and cargo.the body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable.the body styling provides an attractive,colorful modern appearance for the vehicle. 轿车车身是一个钣金件壳体，它上面有车窗、车门、发动机罩和行李舱门等部件，它给发动 机、乘客和行李提供防护。车身设计是为了确保乘客乘坐的安全和舒适。车身造型设计使得 汽车有一个华美、现代、吸引人的外观。 a sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment.the design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods.a sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof.there are soft-top versions of the same body design except forhaving 2 doors,and there are commonly referred to as convertibles. 轿车车身为封闭式，轿车最多有 4 个车门，乘员通过车门进出。另外车身的设计还应考虑行 李和货物的存放。传统的轿车都是硬顶车身。活顶乘用车（敞篷车）的车顶是软顶，车身设 计与普通轿车类似，但只有两个车门。 the utility or pick-up carries ually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross vehicle mass. 皮卡一般用来运载货物。为能承载更大的总质量，皮卡的底盘部件和悬架比轿车更结实。 light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available. 轻型货车一般是基于普通轿车设计的，或是重新设计使可用载货空间最大化。 the bodies of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose.tankers transport fluids,tippers carry earth or bulk grains,flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport. 用于运输货物的商用车车身必须满足具体要求，例如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷 物的自卸车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。 buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehices,but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity.buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck.buses are commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used forlong distances. 客车和长途汽车一般是有 4 个车轮的整体式车辆，也能配备更多的车轮和车桥。为了增加客 车的载客量往往使用由铰链连接的客车。公共汽车和长途汽车有单层和双层两种。公共汽车 一般用城市内公共交通，而长途汽车一般用于长距离的旅行。 1.2 Engine The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this
obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产 生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。 燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气体气压上升，从而产生能量，驱动与动力传动系相连接的轴旋转。 The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. This design creates a simply cast engine block. In vehicle applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, the cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. This design makes the engines block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid. 发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式，这种布置使 得发动机缸体结构简单。汽车发动机一般为 2~6 缸，通常气缸是垂直放置的，但气缸数量的 增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用 V 型布置，这种布置方 式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而大大增加刚度。 An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either the front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drives the rear wheels only. 前置发动机可以纵向布置，能够驱动前轮或后轮。后置发动机布置在后轮后侧，发动机即可 纵向布置又可横向布置，一般只能驱动后轮。 1.3 chassis 底盘 the chassis is an assembly of those systems that are the major operating parts of a vehicle.the chassis includes the power train,steering,suspension,and braking systems. 底盘由汽车的主要操作系统组装而成。包括传动系、行驶系、转向系和制动系四部分。 1）Powertrain system conveys the drive to the wheels.传动系-将驱动力传递到车轮。 2）Steering system controls the direction of movement.转向系-控制汽车的行驶方向。 3）Suspension and wheels absorbs the road shocks.悬挂系-吸收路面震动 4）Brake slows down the vehicle.制动系-使汽车减速缓行。 1.3.1 power train system 动力传动系统 The power train transfers turning effort from the engine to the driving wheels.a power train ca n include a clutch manual transmission or a torque converter for automatic transmission, a dr ive shaft, final drive and differential gears and driving axles. Alternatively,a transaxle may be use d. A transaxle is a self-contained unit with a transmission, final drive gears and differential locate d in one casing. 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变 矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。另外有些传 动系采用由变速器、主减速器和差速器组成的一体式的变速驱动桥。（或者采用一个独立的 变速驱动桥，即变速器……在同一个箱体内。） A vehicle with a manual transmission uses a clutch to engage and disengage the engine from the power train. Engine torque is transmitted through the clutch to the transmission or transaxle.the transmission contains sets of gears that increase or decrease the torque before it is transmitted