山东师范大学美国文学名词解释

一共考了四个，除了里边加红的三个还考了个international theme，这个我没整理，你到时找找哈！
Allegory寓言:is a story with a symbolic meaning used to teach a moral principle.
American renaissance:the name sometimes is given to a flourishing of distinctively Am erica literature in the period before the civil war.
American Puritanism美国清教主义:it comes from the American puritans, who were t he first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century. Original sin, pre destination and salvation were the basic ideas of American Puritanism. And, hard-work ing, piousness thrift and sobriety were praised.
American dream美国梦:is the faith held by many in the united states of America tha t through hard work,courage,and determination one can achieve a better life for onesel f,usually through financial prosperity.these were values held by many early European s ettlers,and have been passed on to subsequent generations. nowadays the American dre am has led to an emphasis on material wealth as a measure of success and happiness.
American revolution: the war between the American colonies and great Britain,leading the formation of independent united states, by the middle of the 18th century,differenc es in life, thought ,and interests had developed between the mother country and the gr owing colonies. local political institutions and practice diverged significantly from the english way,while social customs,religious beliefs ,and economic interests added to the potential sources of conflict. The British government, like other imperial powers in the 18th century, intended to regulate commerce in the British interest.
American romanticism美国浪漫主义:romanticism refers to an artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18th century and characterized by a height ened interest in nature,emphasis on the individua l’s e xpression of emotion and imagina tion,departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism and rebellion against establish ed social rules and conventions.
American enlightenment美国启蒙运动:is a philosophical movement of the 18th centur y that emphasized the use of reason to scrutinize previously accepted doctrines and tra ditions. It is sometimes described as the intellectual culture of the British North Ameri can colonies and the early United States.
Alliteration头韵:i t refers to the repetition of the same sounds—usually initial consona nts of words or of stressed syllables.
Assonance类韵:it is the repetition of similar vowel sounds in a line of poetry. It has been an optional poetic device used within and between lines of verse for emphasis o r musical effect.
Civil war美国内战:a military conflict between the US of American(the union)and the Confederate states of America(the confederacy)from1861 to1865.
Consonance和音:it refers to the repetition of identical or similar consonants in neigh boring words whose vowel sounds are different in a line of poetry.
Free verse自由诗:is a form of poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length an
d that attempts to avoid and predetermined vers
e structure; instead,it uses the cadences
of natural speech
Gothic tradition哥特传统: gothic novel or gothic romance is a story of terror and su spense, usually set in a gloomy old castle or monastery. In an extended sense,many n ovels that do not have a medievalized setting,but which share a comparably sinister,gr otesque,or claustrophobic atmosphere have been classed as gothic.
Great awakening宗教大觉醒运动:is a series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of the 18th century. It resulted in doctrinal chang es and influenced social and political thought.
Historical novel历史小说:a novel in which the action takes place during a specific hi storical period well before the time of writing(often one or two generations before,som etimes several centuries), and in which some attempt is made to depict accurately the customs and mentality of the period.
Individualism个人主义: is a moral,political,and social philosophy,which emphasizes in dividual liberty, the primary importance of the individual, and the “virtues of self-relia
nce”
Irony反讽:irony is a contrast or a difference between the way things seem and the w ay they really are.verbal irony occurs when words that appear to be saying one thing are really saying something quite different.situational irony occurs when what is expect ed to happen is not what actually comes to pass. Dramatic irony occurs when events that mean one thing to the characters mean something quite different to the reader. iro ny is often accompanied by a grim humor.
Lyric抒情诗: in the modern sense, it is any fairly short poem expressing the personal mood,feeling,or meditation of a single speaker. Lyric poetry is the most extensive cat egory of verse. Lyrics may be composed in almost any meter and on almost every su bject,although the most usual emotions presented are those of love and grief. Among t he common lyric forms are the sonnet, ode, elegy, and the more personal kinds of hy mn.
Local colorism地方特色主义: local colorism is a type of writing that was popular in the late19th century,particularly among authors in the South of the u.s. this style relie d heavily on using words,phrases,and slang that were native to the particular region in which the story took place.
Naturalism自然主义:naturalism,a more deliberate kind of realism,usually involves a vi ew of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment.Natur al fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity,offering detailed and fully researched inv estigations into unexplored corners of modern society.
Original sin原罪:i n christian theology,the sin of Adam,by which all humankind fell fr om divine grace,stating that the essentially graceless nature of humanity requires redem ption to save it.
Point of view视角:it is the relationship of the storyteller or narrator, to the story.a st ory has a first-person point of view if one of the characters,referred to as “i”,tells the story. A story has a limited third-person point of vies if the narrator reveals the thou gh ts of only one character but refers to that character as “he”or”she”.
Realism现实主义: it is, in literature,an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity.In part, realism was a reaction against the romant ic emphasis on the strange, idealistic, and long-ago and far-away.
Sonnet十四行诗: it is a poem consisting of 14 lines,with rhymes arranged according t o one or other of certain definite schemes,of which the Petrarchan and the Elizabethan are principal ,namely:abba abba OR abab cdcd efef gg.
Social Darwinism社会达尔文主义:social Darwinism was an application of Charles Dar win’s theory of evolution to the field of social relations. Social Darwinism argued that social progress resulted from conflicts in which the fittest or best adapted individuals, or entire societies, would prevail.
Transcendentalism超验主义:is a literature, philosophical and artistic movement that fl ourished in new England from about 1836 to 1860. The beliefs that god is immanent in each person and in nature and that individual intuition is the highest source of kno wledge led to an optimistic emphasis on individualism, self-reliance, and rejection of t raditional.
Unitarianism上帝一位论:is general,the form of Christianity that denies the doctrine of the Trinity,believing that God exists only in one person.The modern Unitarianism orig inated in the period of the Protestant Reformation.。