新东方名师李辉—高考英语15天基础速成班讲义

高考英语15天基础速成班
目录
开班介绍 (2)
第一天单词的秘密 (3)
第二天&第三天:“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密——45个基本介词的用法 (7)
第四天：句子的秘密 (59)
第五天：谓语动词的秘密 (65)
第六天：三大从句之——名词性从句 (74)
第七天：三大从句之——定语从句 (80)
第八天：三大从句之——状语从句 (84)
第九天非谓语动词 (89)
第十天特殊句型的秘密 (94)
第十一天：读懂句子之“组件分析法” (102)
（括号法） (102)
第十二天: 读懂段落之——段落的十个秘密 (107)
第十三天：“括号法+主题法”综合练习 (112)
&阅读理解内功提升三步法 (112)
第十四天: 书面表达基础之“五步造句法” (116)
第十五天: 书面表达基础之“天龙八步作文法” (118)
开班介绍
“考试成绩”的秘密
《高考英语15天快速提分班》考试成绩=基础知识X解题能力
《高考英语15天基础速成班》
课后题0.1 考试成绩由哪两方面决定？
答：1、基础知识
2、解题能力
课程安排
【第一部分】词汇方法突破
▪第1天：单词的秘密不择手段背单词
遇到生词怎么办
▪第2天：玩转“固定搭配”（上）
▪第3天：玩转“固定搭配”（下）
【第二部分】语法系统复习
▪第4天：句子的秘密
“语法的精神”（英语逆袭心法）
快速扫盲：十大词类/七大成分/五大基本句型▪第5天：谓语动词的秘密
“谓语动词”之时态/被动
“谓语动词”之虚拟/情态
【第三部分】阅读能力提升
▪第11天：读懂句子之“组件分析法”
高分内功特训之“同步视译”
高分内功特训之“断句朗读”
▪第12天：读懂段落之“段落的十个秘密”
高分内功特训之“主题阅读”
▪第13天：阅读理解“内功提升”三步法
【第四部分】写作能力提升
▪第14天：微观雕琢
五步造句法（最核心提分技术）
造句魔鬼特训
▪第15天：宏观打造
书面表达标准段落结构及写法
天龙八“步”作文法
课后题0.2
不论是学霸冲刺高分还是学渣完美逆袭，都需要哪四方面基础知识？
▪答：1、_词汇_____知识
2、_语法_____知识
3、_阅读_____高分技能
4、_写作_____高分技能
第一天单词的秘密
一、单词需要学多少？
▪GRE/GMAT/LSAT：16000
▪TOEFL/IELTS：8000-12000
▪考研：6500
▪六级：6750
▪四级：4500
▪高考：3000-3500
▪中考：1600~1800
▪
二、背单词的有效方法
▪1、死磕法
▪2、联想法
①口诀联想法
▪lie lied lied 规则的是说谎
▪lie lay lain 不规则是“躺”
▪lay laid laid 躺过就下蛋，
下蛋不规则。

②谐音联想法
shop/shopping angel athlete
leader cookie amateur
gene robust germ
cigar apology agony
immigrate ambition yogurt
toast nutrition admire
giant curse economy
bass adult timid
delta ambulance envelop
③拆分联想法
motel chaos assess
elegant candidate glove
chill isolate donation
superb leisure tuition
genius scream protest
schedule Inherit stimulate
cargo abundant
tenant crystal
课后题1.1 请写出下列单词的中文释义：
Schedule abundant donation elegant immigrant ▪3、词源法
he – she live – evil
best – worst melon -- lemon
plus – minus tomb – womb
glad – sad zealous – jealous
near – far hospitality – hostility
accuse – excuse humble – noble
make – fake diction – action
monkey-donkey maximum—minimum
wild – mild quantity—quality
host – guest fire—hire
junior – senior offend—defend
army – navy assign– resign
physical – mental arrow-bow
hungry – thirty import – export
前缀+ 词根+ 后缀
改变单词倾向+ 决定单词意思+ 词性
inter + nation+ al = inter nation al
原理
熟词生“词根”
加“前缀”表倾向
加“后缀”表种属（词性）
▪词根词缀法可以用于记忆一些比较我勒个去的长单词▪pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis
▪pneumono ultra micro scopic silico volcano koniosis
▪肺部的-极端的-微小的-观测-硅-火山-粉尘病
▪矽肺病
▪
①前缀+ 词根：
▪im possible不可能的= im- 不+ possible 可能的
▪re build重建= re- 重、再+ build 建设
▪pro spect展望= pro-向前+ spect 看
▪ex port输出= ex- 出+ port 运
▪
②词根+ 后缀
▪read er读者
= re a d 读+ -er 人
▪dent ist牙科医生
= dent 牙齿+-ist 从事某种职业者▪hope ful充满希望的
= hope 希望+ -ful 充满…的
▪hope less无希望的
= hope 希望+ -less 无...的
③前缀+ 词根+ 后缀
▪un comfort able不舒服的
= un- 不+ comfort 舒服+ -able 能..
▪pro gress ive 前进的
= pro- 向前+ gress走+ ive ...的
▪con tempor ary 同时代的
= con- 同+ tempor时代+ -ary ...的
④ace→“ac-”尖、酸
▪→ac cuse v.指责；控告
▪→acu te a.敏锐的；急性的；锐角的
▪→aci d a. 酸的；尖酸
▪→ liqu id a.液体的
▪→ sol id a.固体的
▪
⑤spir=breathe,表示“呼吸”
▪spir it n精神；情绪
▪con spire v 同谋
▪ex pire v断气；期满
▪in spire v吸气；鼓励
▪per spire v 出汗
▪re spire v呼吸；恢复精神
▪tran spire v泄露
▪di spirit v使沮丧（dis去掉+spirit精神）
▪
⑥关于词根词缀法的几点补充说明
▪1、词根词缀法只能用来背单词，不能用来猜单词
yellowish reddish brownish
Scottish
English
▪2、有些单词无法用词根词缀法解释
fiancé fiancée
latte cappuccino spaghetti
tsunami volcano tornado
课后题1.2请写出下列单词的中文释义：
Prospect visualize contemporary
▪4、语境法
①记单词=为单词建立“语感”
▪语感=把语言和感觉直接联系起来的能力。

“pig”我们：“pig”--> p - i - g --> “猪”
老外：“pig”--> (猪的图片)
②利用“语境”杠杆，撬动单词记忆
▪1、【原理】单词量= 阅读量
▪2、【方法】制造缘分，多次遇见，每次见面，打个招呼。

▫不靠智商，靠情商
▫不靠勤奋，靠缘分
▪3、【要求】利用阅读、完型，每天收集50个生词，当天能记得就行。

“只求曾经拥有，不求天长地久”
③背单词基本过程
▪形同陌路
▪似曾相识允许遗忘！
▪一见如故
▪刻骨铭心
④艾宾浩斯记忆曲线
课后题1.3 1、背单词，最重要的是为单词建立______
2、背单词，一定要”允许”自己______
三、遇见生词怎么办
▪1、段首句中有生词：看懂下文解释
▪2、并列部分有生词：认识一个就行
▪3、段落中间有生词：直接涂黑试试
▪4、生词若是关键词：可以模糊翻译
▪5、段尾句中有生词：总结上文意思
▪
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners.
Some of them were looking to make a permanent home in the United States, while others didn’t to stay ---- they would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and
1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed.
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists ar e among today’s immigrants. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and
a family in another.
推测词义的本质在于对英语段落结构的深刻理解！
课后题1.4在以下几种情况中，遇见生词怎么办？
▪段首句中有生词，看懂_下文解释___
▪并列部分有生词，认识_一个_____就行
▪段落中间有生词，直接_涂黑_____试试
▪生词若是关键词，可以_模糊_____翻译
▪段尾句中有生词，总结_上文_____意思
第二天&第三天:“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密
——45个基本介词的用法
1、about
【原始含义】
a-b-out “A在B外面”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…到处，在…各处here and there
eg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so.
He looked about the room.
（2）在…附近next to a place
eg. She lives about the office.
（3）关于in connection with
eg: a book about English study
I don’t know what you are talking about.
[adv]
（1）大约close to
eg: We left there about 10 o’clock.
It costs about 500 dollars.
（2）到处，各处
eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.
（3）在附近
eg : There is no food about.
【常见搭配】
作介词时的搭配:
一.动词+(about+名词)
（1）arrange (about sth) 安排关于某事
（2）argue (about sth) 讨论某事
（3）ask (about sth) 询问关于某事（4）boast (about sb/sth) 吹嘘...
（5）care (about sb/sth)关心…,对…感兴趣（6）chat(about sth) 谈论某事
（7）complain(about sb/sth) 抱怨…
（8）dream (about sb/sth) 梦见某人/某物
（9）go (about sth) 着手做...；从事... （10）hear (about sth) 听说...
（11）know(about sth) 了解...
（12）learn (about sth) 得知某事
（13）put (about sth)散布（谣言等）
（14）quarrel (about sth) 为...争吵
（15）see (about sth) 负责处理...
（16）talk(about sth) 谈论...
（17）think (about sth) 考虑..
（18）warn sb (about sth) 告诫某人关于某事
（19）wonder(about sb/sth) 对.. 好奇
（20）worry(about sb/sth) 对...担心
二、名词+(about+名词)
（1）concern (about sb/sth) 对…的关心/关怀（2）curiosity (about sb/sth) 对…的好奇
（3）doubt (about sb/sth) 对…的怀疑
（4）ethusiasm (about sth) 对…的热情
（5）information (about sb/sth) 关于…的信息
（6）remark (about sth) 对…的评论（7）opinion (about sth) 对…的意见（8）view (about sb/sth) 对...的观点
三、be+adj+(about+名词)
（1）be angry (about sth) 为…而生气
（2）be anxious(about sth) 为…忧虑
（3）be careful(about sth) 当心…
（4）be cautious (about sth) 谨防...；对...持谨慎态度
（5）be certain (about sth) 确信关于某事
（6）be curious (about sth) 对…感到好奇
（7）be disappointed (about sth) 对…感到失望
（8）be excited (about sth) 对…感到兴奋（9）be glad/happy (about sth) 对…感到高兴
（10）be hopeful (about sth) 对…抱有希望
（11）be crazy/mad/wild (about sth)
对…痴狂；酷爱某事
（12）be nervous (about sth)
为…感到不安/因...感到紧张
（13）be optimistic/positive (about sth)
对...是积极乐观的
（14）be particular (about sb/sth) 对... 讲究，挑剔
（15）be sad (about sth) 为…而难过（16）be serious (about sth) 对…认真
（17）be sorry (about sth) 对...抱歉
作副词时的搭配:
名词+动词+about
（1）sth come about某事发生
（2）sth get about某事（尤指消息等）传开
（3）sb turn about某人转身
（4）sb wander about某人徘徊，游荡
（5）sb walk about 某人走来走去
2、above
【原始含义】
a-b-over“A在B上方”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）在…上方at or to a higher place than sth/sb
eg: The sun rose above the horizon.
（2）数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于…
more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth.
eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.
（3）重要性或质量超过、胜过
of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.
（4）声音超过…louder or clearer than another sound eg: I couldn’t hear her above the noise of the traffic.
（5）不至于，不屑于做某事
too good or too honest to do sth
eg. She is above suspicion.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(above+名词)
（1）live ( above one’s income) 入不敷出地生活
（2）put A(above B) 把A看得比B更重要
（3）rise (above sth) 克服...,不受....的影响
（4）talk (above one’s head) 高深莫测地谈论
二、be+(above+名词)
（1）be (above oneself )
兴高采烈= be in one’s high spirit
（2）be (above one’s head)
难以理解/超出某人理解能力
3、across
【原始含义】
a-grass“一片草坪”，across指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。

【引申含义】prep.
（1）穿过from one side to the other side
eg: She walked across the road.
（2）在...对面on the other side of sth.
eg: The bar is just across the street.
（3）交叉cross
eg: He sat with his arms across his chest.
（4）在...各处，遍及...everywhere
eg. The opinion is common across the university.
【常见搭配】
动词+(across+名词)
（1）A come(across B) A偶遇B
（2）A cut(across B) A走B捷径；A打断B
（3）A go(across B) A穿过B
（4）A put(across B) A 解释清楚B；A把B送到对岸
（5）A run(across B) A横穿B；A偶然碰到B
4、after
【原始含义】
“A在B之后（强调顺序）”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…之后（时间顺序、空间顺序）
later than sth; following sth in time
eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.
（2）在…后面，仅次于（按重要性）next to the following
eg. Your name comes after mine in the list.
（3）与…对照、对比in contrast to sth
eg. It was cool after the heat outside.
（4）照着…的样子following the example of sb/sth
eg: Read the sentence after me, please.
[adv]
后来、以后later in time, afterwords
eg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown.
The prince and princess lived happily ever after.
【常见搭配】
作介词时的搭配
一、名词+动词+(after+名词)
（1）A chase (after B) A追赶/追求B
（2）A go (after B) A追逐B.
（3）A look (after B) A照顾B.
（4）A model (after B) A 以B为榜样、原型；A效仿B
（5）A name (after B) A用B作名字.
（6）A run (after B) A追求/追赶/追逐B.
（7）A search (after B) A研究B.
（8）A see (after B) A照顾B
（9）A seek (after B) A寻找B.
（10）A take (after B) A与B相像.
二、（after+名词）
（1）(after a while) 过了一会，不久（2）(after all) 毕竟；终究
（3）(after one’s own heart) 正合...的心意；
5、against
【原始含义】
a-g-a“相对”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）碰着、靠着touching, close to or hitting sb/sth
eg: She was leaning against a tree.
（2）反对opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth
eg: We should fight against crimes.
（3）预防in order to prevent sth from happening
eg: Save money against a rainy day. 未雨绸缪
（4）违反（违反法律、制度）
eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.
（5）不利于not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth
eg: What he said is against him.
（6）映衬with sth in the background as a contrast
Eg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.
（7）和…相比in contrast to sth
eg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(against+名词)
（1）act (against sth) 违反...
（2）argue (against sth) 为...而争辩/据理反对
（3）compete (against sb) 与某人比赛/竞争/对抗
（4）decide (against sth/doing sth)
考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事
（5）declare (against sb/sth) 表态反对...
（6）fight (against sth) 反对…；与...做斗争（7）go (against sth) 违反…
（8）inform (against sb) 告发、检举某人
（9）lean (against sth) 靠着某物/斜靠某物（10）offend (against sth) 违犯…
（11）press (against sth) 压在…上（12）protect (against sth) 保护免受…的伤害（13）prepare (against sth) 防备…
（14）strike (against sth) 罢工抗议...
（15）struggle (against sb/sth) 与...搏斗/反抗
（16）turn (against sth) 背叛…
（17）vote (against sth) 投票反对…（18）warn sb (against sth) 提醒某人提防某事
二、be+adj+(against+名词)
（1）be prejudiced (against sb/sth) 对... 持有偏见（2）be proof (against sth) 可防止…的
（3）be set (against sth) 坚决反对...
6、around
【原始含义】
a+round“A在一个圆里面（在一定范围内）”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）在…周围,围绕surrounding sb/sth
eg: There are many bars around the town.
（2）在附近，到处in or to many places
eg: I showed him around our campus.
[adv]
（1）大约approximately
eg: There are around 1000 people watching the game. （2）在周围
eg : How can you make the wheel go around?
（3）在附近、到处
eg: I ran around to find him.
【常见搭配】
作介词时
一、动词+(around+名词)
（1）center (around sth) 以...为中心,集中于...
（2）look (around sth) 环顾...；游览...；
（3）wrap (around sth) 缠绕住．．．；环绕...；
二、around +名词
（1）(around the corner) ...靠近、临近、快来了；
（2）(around the clock) 日夜不停地；夜以继日地
作副词时
名词+动词+around
（1）sb gaze around
某人向四周看，环视
（2）sth get around
某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传
（3）sb/sth turn around
某人或某物转身
7、at
【原始含义】
“在场所，时间上的一点”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）小地点,或小时间点
used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning).
She went to school (at 8 o’clock) (in the morning).
（2）在几岁时the age (at which sb does sth)
eg: She was married (at 23).
（3）向，朝某人或某物in the direction towards sb/sth
eg: Don’t point at me.
knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy
（4）从相隔…远的地方the distance away from sth
eg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)?
You’d better keep him (at a distance).
（5）处于某种状态the situation sb/sth is in
eg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).
The country is (at war).
Bill was (at his best) in college.
(at one’s best: 某人的辉煌时期)
（6）在某方面in terms of…
eg: I am not good (at football).
（7）表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因
to show the cause of sth
eg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her).
I was delighted (at the result)+.
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(at+名词)
（1）aim(at sth)以…为目标；瞄准…；针对…；（2）arrive(at sth) 到达某地或某种程度
（3）blush (at sth) 对...感到脸红；
（4）come (at sb/sth) 攻击某人；发现某事
（5）fire (at sth) 向...开火
（6）gaze (at sb/sth) 凝视, 注视...
（7）get (at sth ) 到达, 接近...；着手...；暗指...；意知...; （8）glance (at sb/sth) 一瞥，扫视...
（9）glare (at sb/sth) 对...怒目而视
（10）grab/grasp (at sb/sth) 抓住...
（11）knock(at sth) 敲…
（12）laugh (at sb) 嘲笑某人
（13）look(at sb/sth) 看…
（14）point (at sb/sth) 指向/ 瞄准/ 针对…
（15）run (at sb/sth) 向某人冲去；达到某种水平
（16）shoot(at sth) 朝…射击
（17）shout (at sb) 朝某人喊叫
（18）smile (at sb) 向某人微笑
（19）target (at sb/sth) 瞄准…，以…为目标
（20）wonder (at sth) 对…好奇/对…感到吃惊
（21）yell (at sb) 对某人大喊大叫
二、(at+名词)
（1）(at the age) (of some number) 在几岁
（2）(at an altitude) (of some number) 在某个高度
（3）(at the cost/expense)(of sth) 以...为代价
（4）(at the end) (of sth) 在...的结尾（5）(at the request) (of sb) 应某人的请求（6）(at the risk) (of sth/doing sth) 冒着....的风险
（7）(at the sight)(of sb/sth) 一看见....
（8）(at a speed)(of some number)以...的速度
（9）(at the thought)(of sb/sth) 一想到...
（10）(at birth) 出生时（11）(at bottom) 其实，实际上（12）(at one’s command) 听候．．．的差遣（13）(at the corner) 在拐角处（14）(at dawn/daybreak) 在黎明, 在拂晓（15）(at a discount) 减价、折扣
（16）(at first) 最初，开始时
（17）(at hand) 在手边，即将发生（18）(at home) 在家/国内
（19）(at large) 自由，逍遥法外
（20）(at length) 详细地
（21）(at last) 最后，终于
（22）(at least) 至少，起码
（23）(at leisure) 有空，闲暇时
（24）(at the moment) 现在，眼下...
（25）(at any price) 不惜任何代价，无论如何
（26）(at one time) 过去，曾经，一度
（27）(at the same time) 同时
（28）(at work) 在工作
三、be+adj+(at+名词)
（1）be angry (at sb/sth) 对...生气
（2）be competent (at sth) 在...方面有能力
（3）be delighted (at sth) 对...感到非常高兴
（4）be disappointed (at sb/sth) 对...感到失望
（5）be dissatisfied (at sb/sth) 对...不满意
（6）be expert (at sth/doing sth) 专长，擅长于，精通
（7）be skilled (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面有技能，熟练
（8）be gifted (at sth/doing sth) 在...有天赋
（9）be good (at sth/doing sth) 擅长...
（10）be hopeless (at sth/doing sth)
对...感到绝望；对...一筹莫展
（11）be mad (at sb/sth) 对..愤怒
（12）be surprised (at sb/sth) 对...感到吃惊
（13）be terrfied (at sth/doing sth) 被... 惊吓
（14）be weak (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面欠缺，差
8、before
【原始含义】
be+fore“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）时间上earlier in time
eg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).
（2）空间上earlier in position
eg: Don’t put the cart (before the horse).
（3）顺序上earlier in order or arrangement
eg: Health should come (before wealth).
（4）当（某人）面in the presence of sb
eg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).
【常见搭配】：
一、动词+(before+名词)
（1）A come (before B) A在B之上，比B更重要
（2）complain (before sb) 在某人面前控诉
（3）go (before sb) 出现在某人面前
（4）put/set A (before B) 把A看的比B重要
（5）stand (before sb/sth) 站立在…前面
二、（before +名词）
（1）(before day) 破晓之前
（2）(before long) 不久以后
（3）(before one's eyes) 当着某人的面
（4）(before time) 提前
（5）(before the wind) 顺风
（6）(before the world) 在众人面前
9、behind
【原始含义】
be + hide“在…之后”
【引申含义】
[prep]
（1）空间上，在…后面at the back of sb/sth
eg: A dog is running (behind us).
A dog is running (after us).
（2）是产生…的原因
responsible for stating or developing sth
eg: There must be someone (behind it).
What’s (behind that happy smile)?
（3）时间上，在之后sth is in the past
eg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).
(4）能力上，在之后making less progress than sb./sth
eg: He’s (behind the rest of others) (in reading).
（5）支持，赞成giving approval of sth
eg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make).
[adv]
在后面，在远处
eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind).
作介词时：
一、动词+(behind+名词)
（1）fall/ lag (behind sb/sth) 落在…后面
（2）go (behind sth) 进一步斟酌…They will go behind the decision.
二、（behind +名词）
（1）(behind bars) 在狱中
（2）(behind sb’s back) 在背后
（3）(behind the schedule/time) 晚点、推迟
（4）(behind the times) 过时、落伍
作副词时：
（1）sb stay/ remain behind
某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下
（2）sb wait behind某人（在别人走后）留下
（3）leave sth/sb behind忘带，留下某物；超越某人
10、beside
【原始含义】
be+side “在…边上”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）在...旁边next to…; by the side of…
eg: a town (beside the sea)
She sat (beside the teacher).
（2）与...相比compared with
eg: My work is so poor (beside yours).
【常见搭配】
（beside+名词）
（1）(beside oneself) 高兴的不得了
（2）(beside the point) 离题，不中肯；与…无关
11、besides
【原始含义】
beside+s“除…外，还有…”in addition to sb/sth [prep]
eg: There were two other students (in the classroom) (besides Tom). 【常见搭配】
besides+名词/动名词
eg: We have a lot (in common) (besides music).
(Besides working) (as a doctor), he also writes a lot of stories.
12、between
【原始含义】
be-two-in“在两者之间”
【引申含义】prep.
（1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间
in the middle of two things in terms of space, time, order, class etc.
eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree.
His age is (between sixty and seventy).
（2）表示两者之间的某种关系
to show a connection or relationship
eg: He has to decide (between life and death).
There is a great difference (between the two articles).
You should learn between lines（字里行间）.
（3）合用、共享
shared by two or more people or things
eg: This is a secret (between you and me). （仅在我们俩之间）.
We drank a bottle of wine (between us).
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(between+名词)
（1）draw a clear dividing line ( between sth) 明显区分…
（2）make a difference (between sb/sth) 区别对待…
（3）read (between lines) 读出字里行间的言外之意（4）stand (between sth/sb) 阻碍…
二、名词+(between+名词)
（1）balance (between A and B)
A 和B的均衡
We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit).
（2）connection (between sth/sb) 某人或某物之间的联系
13、beyond
【原始含义】
be+yond “（在彼处）“在…之外”
【引申含义】：prep.
（1）在…较远的一边
on the further side of sth
eg: The village is beyond the mountain.
（2）时间上晚于…
later than a particular time
eg: It won’t go on (beyond midnight).
（3）超出某人的能力范围，非…所及
far too advanced for sb
eg: The bag is (beyond my reach).
（4）表示…是不可能的
to say that sth is impossible
eg: The bicycle is (beyond repair).
【常见搭配】
一、(beyond+名词)
（1）(beyond one’s ability/strength/power) 超越某人的能力（2）(beyond belief)难以置信
（3）(beyond comparison)无法比喻
（4）(beyond cure) 无可救药
（5）(beyond control) 无法控制
（6）(beyond doubt/suspicion) 不容置疑
（7）(beyond one’s wildest dreams) 做梦也想不到
（8）(beyond one’s endurance) 无法忍受
（9）(beyond expression) 无法表达
（10）(beyond imagination) 超出想象
（11）(beyond measure) 无法估量
（12）(beyond praise) 赞美不完，称赞不绝
（13）(beyond price) 极其珍贵，无价的
（14）(beyond one’s reach) 在某人够不着的地方
（15）(beyond reason) 不合理
（16）(beyond recognition) 难以认出
（17）(beyond repair) 无法修复
（18）(beyond the seas) 到海外
（19）(beyond understanding) 难以理解
（20）(beyond words) 无法形容
She is very beautiful.
She is elegant.
Her beauty is beyond words.
（21）(beyond sb) 为某人所不能理解
二、动词+(beyond+名词)
（1）go (beyond sth) 超出..., 超过...
（3）see (beyond sth) 预料...；预见...
14、by
【原始含义】
“在旁边”
【引申含义】
prep.
（1）在…旁边at the side of
eg: We prefer a table (by the window).
（2）不迟于，在…之前before
eg: We have studied several prepositions (by now).
I shall have finished the work (by the time you return).
（3）表示方式in which way sth is done
eg: I go to school (by bus).
（4）通过…;根据…according to sth
eg: He can tell the direction (by the stars).
Don’t judge a person (by his looks).
（5）按…计算the degree or amount of sth
eg: Eggs are usually sold （by dozen）.
The temperature has risen （by 5 degrees）.
（6）由于…as a result of …
eg: They met (by chance).
I did it (by mistake).
（7）被… used
eg: He was shocked (by what he had seen).
（8）表示触及或抓住人物的部分
used to show the part of sb that another person catches
eg: I seized her (by the hair).
（9）表示逐步推进;the rate sth happens
eg: He is making progress (day by day).
（10）以…的名义in the name of
eg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will never betray my country).
adv.
（1）经过past
eg: Time goes by quickly.
He hurried by (without speaking to me).
（2）短暂拜访
eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you).
【常见搭配】
作介词时：
一、by+名词
（1）(by accident/chance) 偶然地
（2）(by coincidence) 巧合地
（3）(by all means) 想尽一切办法、一定要
（4）(by means)(of sb/sth) 借助于…
（5）(by no means) 绝不，一点儿也不（6）(by appearance) 从外表
（7）(by comparison) 相比之下
（8）(by contrast) 对比之下
（9）(by definition) 根据定义，实质上（10）(by hand) 人工地
（11）(by heart) 靠记忆，背诵
（12）(by mistake) 错误地
（13）(by nature) 天性上，本质上（14）(by turns) 轮流地
（15）(by the way) 顺便说一下二．动词+（by+名词）
（1）come (by sth) (尤指通过努力）获得…; 偶然得到…（2）go (by sth) 顺便走访…
（3）judge sb/sth(by sth)通过…判断，断定某物或某人（4）live (by sth) 以...为生计；遵守，遵循…
（5）pass (by sth) 经过…；不考虑，回避…
（6）profit (by sth) 从…中获益
（7）swear (by sb/sth) 极其信赖某人；对某物发誓（8）take sb (by sth) 抓住某人的某个部位
（9）tell (by sth) 根据…判断，推断
三、be+过去分词+（by+名词）
（1）be characterized(by sth) 以…为特征（2）be disgusted (by sth) 对…厌恶
（3）be distracted (by sb/sth) 精力被…分散（4）be replaced (by sb/sth) 被…取代
四、名词+by+名词
（1）bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地
（2）day by day 一天一天地，逐日
（3）inch by inch一点一点地
（4）little by little 逐渐
（5）one by one一个接一个
（6）side by side 并肩
（7）step by step 按部就班地
（8）year by year 年年，逐年
作副词时：
名词+动词+by
（1）sb drop by 某人顺便访问
（2）sb get by某人勉强接受；设法勉强生存
（3）sb stand by某人袖手旁观
（4）sb stop by（顺便）过访，串门
15、despite
【原始含义】
“尽管、不顾” = in spite of
eg: The old professor kept on working （despite his poor health）.
【常见搭配】
prep.
（1）despite sth/doing sth 尽管某事，尽管做了某事
eg : He failed （in the exam）（despite all the efforts）.
（Despite applying for hundreds of jobs）, he is still out of work.
（2）despite the fact that+句子尽管事实是…
eg. She kept learning French despite the fact that she found it difficult （3）despite oneself 尽管不愿意
eg. He had to laugh despite himself.
16、down
【原始含义】
“向下”
【引申含义】
[prep]
(1)表示自上而下，向下，往下from top to bottom
eg: In order to catch the bus they run (down the hill).
Tears run down her face quietly.
(2)沿着河、沿着路along
eg: He walked down the road.
We sailed down the river.
[adv]
(1)向下，朝下to or at a lower place
eg: He looked down (at her).
(2)（数量、力量等）减弱，降低
to show that the amount or strength of sth is lower
eg: He finally settle down (in Florida).
(3)向南方，在南方to or in the south of a country
eg: They flew down (to Texas).
(4)（写）在纸上；（列）在表格上on paper, on a list
Eg: Have you got me down (for the trip)?
【常见搭配】
作副词时：
一、动词+（名词）+down
（1）blow sth down刮倒，吹倒...
（2）break sth down摧毁；克服....
（3）burn sth down烧毁...
（4）close sth down关闭...
（5）cut sth down砍伐...；缩减...
（6）hold sth down阻止，控制....
（7）keep sth/sb down控制；压迫...
（8）knock sb/sth down撞击，撞倒...
（9）mark sth down记录，写下...
（10）narrow sth down缩小...
（11）note sth down记录，写下...
（12）pass sth down传递...
（13）settle sb down使...平静/安静下来
（14）let sb down让某人失望
（15）turn sth down拒绝...
（16）write sth down记下...
二、名词+动词+down
（1）sth break down某物坏了
（2）sb calm down某人冷静下来
（3）sth come down某物掉下来，下跌
（4）sth cool down某物冷却
（5）sth/sb fall down某物坍塌；某人失败
（6）sth go down某物落下，沉下
（7）sb kneel down某人跪下
（8）sb look down某人向下看
（9）sb look down (on sb/sth) 某人瞧不起...
（10）sth pour down（雨水等）倾泻
（11）sb/sth slow down ...减速
17、during
【原始含义】“在…期间”all through a period of time
eg: Not a word did they say (during the meal).
I haven’t had any meat (during the last several years).
I saw Linda (during the meeting).
18、except
【原始含义】
ex-cept“拿出来”，take out, 除…以外
eg: Everyone was here except Tom.
【注意】besides表示“加”，except表示“减”
【常见搭配】
（1）except for sth 除……之外; 除去…
（2）except (that+句子) 除了…
（3）nothing (except sth) 只有…
19、for
【原始含义】
“特定的某一方面”
因为为了过多久
【引申含义】prep
（1）表示某一特定目的meant to be given to...
eg: I bought a gift for you.
He planned to write some stories for children.
You have won honor for our country.
Many people come here for the beautiful scenery every year.
The government provides water and food for the poverty-stricken areas.
（2）表示某一特定方向（车、船等）；往，向，朝着...towards...
eg: She has left （for London）.
The bus is for Shanghai.
Passengers （for Tianjin）change at Beijing.
（3）表示某物特定的价值、数量the price of...
eg: I paid 5 dollars (for that book).
He rent the house (to me) (for 3000 yuan per month).
（4）在某一特定方面，当做，作为as
eg: I will keep it (for a souvenir).
Most of the museums have been used (for offices).
Don’t take others’ kindness (for granted).
A take
B for granted.
（5）表示特定的原因：因为，由于... Because of ...
eg: Bejing is famous (for its long history).
I was grateful (to you) (for what you had done).
He was criticized (for the careless attitude).
Forgive me (for keeping you waiting) (for a long time).
（6）表示在某一特定方面或出于某种特定原因的赞成、支持in support of ...
eg: I vote (for Mr. Li).
Our manager is (for cutting down production cost).
（7）表示特定时间或距离
certain length of time or distance
eg: We have learned English (for six years).
I haven’t seen you (for ages).
That afternoon we walked (for miles) (along the river).
（8）在某一特定方面的影响，对于... in regard to ....
eg: She has a good taste (for music).
He has a natural gift (for drawing).
Dickens shows great sympathy (for the poor) (in his novels).
It’s good (for you) (to do exercise regularly).
（9）就...而言，考虑到... considering
eg: She is small (for her age).
His maturity seems unsuitable (for a boy of sixteen).
It’s quite fine weather (for spring).
【常见搭配】
一、动词+(for+名词)
（1）answer (for sth) 为...负责
（2）appeal (for sb) 出庭为...辩护
（3）argue (for sth) 为...争辩
（4）ask (for sth) 请求要…
（5）charge (for sth/doing sth) 为...要价，收费
（6）compete (for sth) 为...竞争
（7）account (for sth) 解释，说明...
（8）allow (for sth) 考虑到...
（9）call (for sb/sth) 去接某人；需要某物
（10）care ( for sb/sth) 喜欢，想要...
（11）dig (for sth) 寻求…
（12）enter ( for sth) 报名参加...
（13）go (for sb/sth) 进攻某人；喜欢，想要某物（14）head (for some place) 朝某地前进
（15）leave (for some place) 出发前往某地
（16）hope (for sth) 期待，希望....
（17）long (for sth) 渴望...
（18）look (for sth/sb) 寻找...
（19）hunt (for sth) 追寻，猎取
（20）search (for sb/sth) 搜寻...
（21）pay (for sth) 为...付款，为...付出代价（22）prepare (for sth) 为...准备
（23）send (for sb) 派人去请...
（24）sign (for sth) 签收...
（25）stand (for sth/sb) 代表，象征....；容忍（26）strive/struggle(for sth) 为...而奋斗
（27）study (for sth) 攻读...
（28）vote (for sb) 为...投票
（29）wait (for sb/sth) 等待... （30）have an ear/eye( for sth)对...有鉴赏力
（31）pave the way (for sth) 为...铺平道路，扫除障碍
二、be+ 形容词+(for+ 名词)
（1）be ambitious (for sth) 对...雄心壮志的
（2）be anxious (for sb/sth) 对...焦虑的，急切的
（3）be appropriate/suitable/fit (for sb/sth)
对....适合的
（4）be celebrated/famous/noted (for sth)
因...而著名的
（5）be competent/qualified (for sth/doing sth)
对...能够胜任的
（6）be desperate (for sth) 急需要...的
（7）be eager/hungry/thirsty (for sth)渴望...的
（8）be good (for sb/sth) 对...有益
（9）be intended (for sth) 为...而计划的，设计的（10）be prepared/ready (for sth) 对...准备好的
（11）be responsible (for sth) 对...负责
（12）be sorry (for sb/sth) 对...感到惋惜的（13）be sufficient (for sb/sth) 对...是足够的
（14）be praised (for sth) 因...而受表扬（15）be blamed/criticized (for sth) 因...而受责备
（16）be convenient(for sb) 对...是方便的（17）be possible (for sb) 对...是可能的（18）be grateful (for sth) 对...感激
三、名词+(for+名词)
（1）affection (for sb/sth) 对...的喜爱
（2）appeal (for sth) 对...的呼吁（3）appetite (for sth) 对...的欲望（4）candidate (for sth) ...的候选人
（5）capacity/capability (for sth/doing sth) 做...的能力
（6）cause (for sth) ...的原因
四、for+名词
（1）(for the moment/present) 暂时，现在
（2）(for my part) 就我而言
（3）(for pleasure/fun) 为了消遣（4）(for sale) 出售
（5）(for example / instance) 例如。