英语国家概况期末考试题型及范围答案

期末考试题型及范围

Part I True or False (10%) 来自整本书课后习题

Part II M ultiple Choice (10%)来自整本书课后习题

Part II I Reading Comprehension (30%) 课外

Part IV Vocabulary (20%) 来自课本英国部分和美国部分

Part V Explanations (10%) 十选二

Give explanation to the following terms.

1．Anglo-Saxons :

They were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century.They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.

2. The House of Commons

The House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives(Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them .

3. The Bill of Rights of 1689

In 1689,King JamesⅡ's daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne,on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament.The Bill of Rights was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.

4. the Cabinet of the UK

The Cabinet consists of usually 20 most senior ministers. Ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

Ministers are responsible collectively to Parliament for all Cabinet decisions;

individual Ministers are responsible to Parliament for the work of their departments.

5. Constitutional Monarchy

It is a political system that has been practised in Britain since the Glorious revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. In law, the Monarch has many supreme powers, but in practice, the real power of monarchy has been greatly reduced and today the Queen acts solely on the advice of her ministers. She reigns but does not rule. The real power lies in the Parliament, or to be exact, in the House of Commons. 6. The New Deal

In order to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy.

7. the Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is considered to be the most far-reaching act on civil rights in modern times, forbidding discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, gender and national origin. It’s the result of a strong Civil

Rights Movement in the 1960s. The act added protections for the rights to vote, to use public facilities and to enjoy the same education as white people.

It also contained provisions guaranteeing equal employment opportunities. 8. The US Federal system

It is a system of government in which has two layers of rule. There is central or federal government for the nation which alone has the power to answer questions that affect the nation as a whole. There are also state and local governments. Each layer of government has separate and distinct powers laid down in the Constitution.

9. Comprehensive schools

Comprehensives schools take pupils without reference to ability or aptitude and provide a wide-ranging secondary education for all or most of the children in a district.

10. the Gettysburg Address

The Gettysburg Address refers to the short speech made by President Lincoln when he dedicated the national cemetery at Gettysburg. He ended his speech with the government of the peopled, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth’

Part VI Questions (20%) 八选二

State your understanding of the following questions in at least 80 words for each.

1.What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?

The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways.First,its industrial productivity increased dramatically.Britain became the most advanced industrial country in the world.Second,urbanization took place.Many new cities sprang up.Third,it caused great changes in the social class structure.The capitalist class became the most important force in the country and the proletariat class emerged.

2.What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the post-war

period?

Britain’s economy experienced a relative decline in the post-war period for several reasons.First,Britain suffered great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the wars.Second,the era of the British Empire was over by the mid-20th century.India and other British colonies,which provided raw materials and large markets for British goods,gained independence.Third,Britain was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of the 1960s.What’s more,Britain had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and the U.N. Security Council.Finally,Britain failed to invest in industry after World WarⅡ,whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up by investing in industry.

3.What are the general features of Britain's independent schools?

Britain’s independent schools require fees from students.Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system,most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their