US and China Health Reform Paths中美医疗改革之路

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Payer 支付方
Service Provider 服务提供方
Patient/ people 患者/人
Competition after Privatization 私营下的竞争
• Providers must compete for Payer business.(为争取 支付方,服务提供方间的竞争) • Payers must compete for Patient business.(为争取患 者,支付方间的竞争) • Each market must have multiple Payers (A, B, and C insurance companies)(每一市场必须有多个支付者A\B\C保险公司) • Each market must have multiple Provider networks. (每个市场必须有多个服务提供者网络体系) • Compete on both price and quality(价格与质量的 竞争)
Health Insurance Companies Keep
Provider Costs Down
医疗保险公司把服务提供方的费用降到最低
• Physician contracting(医生契约) • Hospital contracting(医院契约) • Pharmaceutical company contracting (formulary)药品制造商契约(处方)
Patient/people(患者/人民)
Choose health insurance programs.(选择医疗保险项目) Most programs are associated with employers. (多 数项目与雇主合作) People over 65 are covered by Medicare.(超过65岁的公 民均享受医疗保险) Consider Medicare supplement insurance.(考虑医 疗保险的补贴保险项目) • People under a certain poverty line are covered by Medicaid.(在一定贫困线以下的人们享受医疗补助) • Enroll annually (with some exceptions). 年度登记(有一 些例外) Still left 15% of the population “uninsured.” (还是有15%的 人没有保险。)
What Do Payers Do? 支付方的工作
• Pay claims submitted by providers. 支付服务提供方提交的费用 • Establish “reasonable and customary” fee schedule. 建立“合理及常规的”收费率表 • Provider contracting based on price and quality. 以价格和质量为基础,与服务供应方订立合同 • Manage care through pre-authorization, referrals, case management, and preventive care. 通过授权、转介案例管理和预防保健,而进行的管理 工作。
What Do People/Patients Do? 人民/患者的工作
• Uninsured: seek emergency care or Medicaid(无保 险者:寻求急诊治疗或医疗补助) • Insured:(有保险者)
o Choose a family doctor from the list given by payers. 从支付方提供的清单中,选择一位家庭医生。 o Family doctor becomes the “care manager” for the patient. 家庭医生变成了此位患者的“医疗管理者”。 o Family doctor must make referral to specialists or hospitals. 家庭医生必须转介专业医师或医院。 o Make co-pay as defined by payers (office visits, generic / brand name drug, out-of-pocket maximums, etc.) 以支付标准为依据的共付制度(就诊、非专利/品牌药物、现款支 付的最高额度及其他)
Three Main Parties in Health Care 医疗卫生中的三方主体
Payer 支付方
Service Provider 服务提供方
Patient/ people 患者/人
Providers 服务提供方
• • • • • Doctors(医生) Hospitals(医院) Laboratories(实验室) Pharmacies(药店) Pharmaceutical Companies (formularies)制药商(处方) • Home care and other specialty care(家庭保健和其他专业保健)
A Private Third Party Payer is the key to keep US Health Care System in Balance 私营的第三支付方是 平衡美国医疗卫生体 系的关键
Three Main Parties in Health Care 医疗卫生中的三方主体
US and China Health Reform Paths 中美医疗改革之路
Presented by Jackson Tung, Ph.D. 董晓侬博士 December 15, 2010
US Health Care Spending 美国医疗卫生投入
• Total health care spending in 2008 was 2.5 trillion US$ (6.9% increase over 2007).(2008年美国医疗卫生事业投入总额为2万 5000亿美金(较2007年增长6.9%) • The 2008 figure represented 17% of GDP(占2008年GDP总值的 17%) • $8,000 per person per year of health care cost.(人均每年医疗 卫生费用为8000美金) • Health care spending accounted for 10.9 percent of the GDP in Switzerland, 10.7 percent in Germany, 9.7 percent in Canada and 9.5 percent in France. (医疗卫生经费总额占瑞士 GDP总额的10.9%,德国GDP总额的10.7%,加拿大GDP总额的9.7%, 法国GDP总额的9.5%) • According to government analysts, the nation„s total health care bill by 2015 will be more than $4 trillion, and it will be split about equally between consumers and the government. (据 政府分析人士称,国家医疗卫生投入总额至2015年将超过40000亿美 金,并把消费者与政府等分开来。)
Payers(支付者)
• Government: Medicare and state Medicaid programs(政府:医疗保险制度和州级公共医疗补助项目)
• Health insurance programs / Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO). (医疗保险 项目及卫生维护组织)
Baidu Nhomakorabea
Medicare and Medicaid 医疗保险和公共医疗补助
• Federal Government is by far the largest payer through Medicare and Medicaid.(通过医疗保险和公共医疗补助,联邦政 府尤其成为最大的支付方) • Medicare is for people 65 years of age and older. (医疗保险惠 及65岁及以上人群) • Medicare spending will more than double in the next decade, from $309 billion in 2004 to $792 billion in 2015. It will grow from 13% to 21% of the federal budget. (十年间医疗保险投入将翻一 番,从2004年的3090亿美元增至2015年的7920亿美元。财政预算将 从13%增至21%) • Medicaid spending is expected to increase from $293 billion to $670 billion during the same period(同一时期,公共医疗补助 投入有望从2930亿美金增至6700亿美金)
o Indemnity Plans (fee for service) 补偿计划(服务费用) o Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO) 优先选择医疗服务 提供者组织(PPO) o Staff model HMOs(拥有医院和受薪医师的卫生维护组 织) o Employer sponsored programs(雇主资助项目) • Patients(患者)
When Health Insurance Companies
Compete – People/patient Benefit
医疗保险公司的竞争-人/患者利益
• What benefits health insurance companies:(对医疗保险公司最有利 的事)
o People stay healthy (prenatal care)人们保持健康 (产前保健) o Diseases are diagnosed early (mammogram)早期 诊断病情(乳房X光照片) o Minimize disease complications (diabetes)减少并 发症-糖尿病
What Do Providers Do?
服务提供者的工作
• Family doctors: maintain one-to-one relationship with patients. Mostly through outpatient office visits. 家庭医生:与患者保持一对一联系。主要通过门诊看诊。 • Specialists: provide specialty care. 专科医生:提供专业医治 • Hospitals: provide inpatient and emergency care. 医院:提供住院服务和急诊。 • Drug stores: fill drug prescriptions. 药店:提供处方药物 • Pharmaceutical companies: provide drugs under a “formulary” arrangement with payers. 制药商:与支付方商定后,提供药物。
This removes all “extra benefits” from providers and allow health insurance companies to, in theory, pass the benefits to consumers. 这排除了服务提供方的“额外收益”,而将此利益让渡给医疗保险公 司,理论上说,是消费者受益。
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