小学英语冠词的讲解与练习

冠词的用法——冠词的定义

冠词，是用来表示名词特性的一种词，它表示名词可数不可数、单数复数、任何一个还是特定的一个等。也就是说，冠词与名词是紧密连在一起的。如果用了a /an /the，不管后面是什么词，都变成了名词。所以，冠词就是放在名词前面的一种词。

使用冠词有三种基本情况：

1、用a / an

a / an 用在单数可数名词前面，表示这个人或事物是泛指的不确定的一个，相当于中文的“一个”。注意：可数的单数名词前，必须要用a / an 或the. 我们不能说boy, desk, dog，而必须说a boy / the boy.

a 用在读音为辅音开头的名词之前, 而an 用在读音为元音开头的名词之前。注意：这里指的是“读音”，而不仅仅指字母。例如：

a university 一所大学(虽然u 是元音字母，但不读元音。)

an hour 一个小时(虽然h 不是元音，但单词读音是元音开头)

另外，a / an 也可用在不可数名词前面，这时，这个不可数名词就变成了可数的单数名词，意义上也有变化。例如：

glass 玻璃, a glass 一只玻璃杯 / wood 木头, a wood 一片树林

power威力, a power大国/ beauty 美丽, a beauty美人, 美的事物

2、用the

the 相当于this/that 或these / those，总的用法是表示特定的人或事物。the 的用法最广，不管是可数还是不可数，不管是单数还是复数，都可以用the. 具体用法见下面的讲解。

3、不用冠词

有的时候，名词前面不用任何冠词，没有a / an / the. 有的书上称为零冠词

一.a和an的区别

不定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an 用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前。

例如：a boy, a university, a European country; an hour, an honor, an island, an elephant, an umbrella, an honest man ,a useful book

不看字母看读音,不见原因(元音)别施恩(n)

二.不定冠词的用法

1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。

A horst is an animal

2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。

A girl is waiting for you.

3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。

I have a computer.

4.表示“每一”，相当于every.

I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。

5.用在序数词前，表示“又一”，“再一”。

I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.

6.用在某些固定词组中：

a lot(of), after a while ,a few ,a little ,at a time ,have a swim ,have a cold ,in a hurry

三.定冠词的用法

1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。

The book on the desk is mine

2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。

Open the window, please.

3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。

I have a car. The car is red.

4.指世界上独一无二的事物。

Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?

5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。

The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.

6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城，the United States 美国

7.用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。

the poor穷人, the blind盲人

8用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”。

the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩

9.用在方位词前。

on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间

10.用在乐器名称前。

She plays the piano every day.

11.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。

the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江

12.用在某些固定词组中：

all the same仍然；all the time一直；at the moment此刻；at the same time同时；by the way顺便说；do the shopping/washing买东西/洗衣服；in the morning/afternoon/evening 在上午/下午/晚上；in the open air 在户外，在野外

四.零冠词的用法

1.棋类,球类,一日三餐名词前不用任何冠词

Play chess play football have supper

特例：当football，basketball指具体的某个球时，其前可以用冠词：I can see a football.我可以看到一只足球。Where’s the football？那只足球在哪儿？(指足球，并非“球类运动”)

2.季节,月份,星期,节假日名词前不用任何冠词.

In July in summer on Monday on Teachers’ Day

3.人名,地名,国家名前不加冠词

Beijing is the capital of China

4.学科,语言,称呼,语职务名词前不用冠词

Math is hard to learn

5.复数名词表示类别时不加冠词

They are workers I like eating apples

6.名词前已有物主代词(my，your，his，her等)、指示代词(this/these，that/those)、不定代词(some，any等)及所有格限制时,不用冠词

my book(正)；my the book(误)

7.在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等之前。

No.25 Middle School

五.用与不用冠词的差异

in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

in front of在…(外部的)前面/in the front of在…(内部的)前面

by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

三、经典例题

一.冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。1．There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on _______ wall．

2．This is _______ useful book．I've read it for _______ hour．

3． _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse．

4． _______ doctor told him to take _______ medicine three times _______ day．5．Let's go out for _______ walk．

二.选择题。

1. ---How about ______Christmas evening party?

---I should say it was ______ success.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. a; /

D. the; /

2. We have every reason to believe that ______ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be ______ success. A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a

3. ---Could you tell the way to ______Johnsons’, please? ---sorry, we don’t have ___ ___Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. /; the

D. the; /

4. Have you heard ______ news? The price of _____ petrol is going up again!

A. the; the

B. /; the

C. the; /

D. /; /

5. I looked under_____ bed and found ______book I lost last week.

A. the; a

B. the; the

C. /; the

D. the; \

四、专项训练

1.在空格内填上a或an

1. _____ear

2.______actor

3. _____hen

4. ______toy

5. ______universit y

6. ______elephant

7. ______hat

8.______umbrella

9.______rabbit 10.____ __idea

11.______hour 12_______ honest boy 13.______interesting book

14.______easy question

2.用a,an,the或“/”填空

1.________Washington is _______capital of ________United States of America.

2.There is _________”A” on his paper.

3. I ate ______apple .It’s _______red apple.

4._______tall man over there is my boss.

5._______earth moves around sun.

6.No news is ________good news.

7.Have you visited Great Wall?

8.They often play football after school.

9.Are there any birds in sky?

10.Did you have breakfast this morning?

3.选择填空

1.Mom tells her little daughter old story every night.

A. a

B. /

C. an

D. the

2. computer on the table is Susan’s.

A. A

B. An

C. The

D. /

3.There is map of the world on wall. map is mine.

A. a, a, A

B. a, the, The

C. the, the, The

D. the, the, A

4. Whites live on floor.

A. /, three

B. A, third

C. The, third

D.The, the third

5. Spring comes after winter.

A. /, /

B.The, /

C.The, the

D.A, the

6.I bought shoes yesterday. shoes are very beautiful.

A. a, The

B. a pair of, The

C. the, The

D. a pair, The pair

7.He was soldier in the Second World War.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

8.She can play and .

A. the tennis, the guitar

B. tennis, guitar

C. the tennis, guitar

D. tennis, the guitar

9.I can see moon and clouds in the sky.

A. the, a

B. a, a

C. the, /

D. the, the

10. “c” is in “cat.”“s” is in “sat.”

A. An, An

B. An, A

C. A, A

D. A, An

11. Tian’anmen Square is in Beijing.

A. /, /

B. A, /

C. The, /

D. /, the

12.—Can you tell me nearest bookshop?

—Go straight and turn right at_______third crossing, and you will see it.

A. the, a

B. the, the

C. a, the

D. the, /

五、课堂总结：

1）冠词的分类

2）不定冠词的用法

3）定冠词的用法

4）零冠词的用法

口语训练：用英语介绍你的家庭成员

六、课后作业

一、在需要的地方填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方填‘/’．This is _______egg. It’s _______small egg

2．Iim has_______ big head.

3．Who is_______ girl in green?

4．--Do you have_______ knife?

--Yes, I do. I only have_______ small one.

5.Lucy and Lily look________ same.

二、选择题

( )1.It’s orange, orange is orange.

A.a,the

B.an,The

C.an,a

( )2.What’s your favourite sports? high jump.

A.A

B.The

C./

( )3.What time do you listen to radio?

A.a

B./

C.the

( )4.Shall we meet at gate of park at 7:30.

A.the,the

B.the,a

C.a,a

( )5.Is basketball yours?

A.a

B.the

C./

( )6. Young Pioneers are helping old woman.

A.The,the

B.A,an

C.The,/

( )7.Look at egg.It’s big egg.

A.an,a

B.the,a

C.the,an

( )8.I want to buy English book

A.an

B.a

C.the

( )9.Look, students are cleaning classroom.

A.a,a

B.the,the

C.the,an

( )10.He’s sitting in apple tree.

A.a

B.the

C./

( )11.Have you got ruler?

A.a

B.the

C.an

( )12.Tom hasn’t got dog in bag.

A.a,the

B.the,the

C.a,an

( )13.Turn lefe at third crossing.The hotel is on right.

A.the,the

B.a,the

C.the,a

( )14.Here’s money.

A.the

B.a

C.an

( )15.Can I take No.24 bus to the Garden Hotel?

A.the

B.a

C.an

( )16.Do you want orange coat.

A.the

B.an

C.a

( )17.Sometimes we watch TV in evening.

A.a

B.the

C./

( )18.Would you like glass of milk?

A.the

B.an

C.a

( )19.Are Children have class?

A.the,/

B.the,a

C.the,the

( )20.What is lady doing? She’s reading in sun.

A.the,a

B.the,the

C.a,the