《医学免疫学》期末考试(A)参考答案

The Final Examination of Immunology (A)

Ⅰ. Concepts ( 2.5 marks / concept, totally 20 marks )

1. Epitope

2. Superantigen

3. Positive selection

4. Idiotype

5. APC

6. Hypersensitivity

7.Fab

8. McAb

Ⅱ. Fill each of the blank spaces with suitable words. (0.5 mark/blank space, totally10 marks)

1.Macrophage-derived cytokines include , , ,

and .

2.Cells with the capacity to induce cytotoxicity of the target cell are

, and .

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f813787531.html,plement can be activated directly by microbes through

pathway and pathway at the early stage of infection. MASP1 and

MASP2 are involved in the pathway. D factor is involved in

the pathway.

4.FcγR is usually found on the surface of , , and

cells

5．Cytokines like and induce Th1 and inhibit Th2 responses, while and induce Th2 and inhibit Th1 responses.

Ⅲ. For each of the following questions, choose the ONE BEST answer

or completion. (0.5 mark / question, totally 20 marks)

1. Phagocytosis

A. Is carried by cells of the adaptive immune system

B. Is restricted to macrophages

C. Is important in bacterial infections

D. Is a process that dose not involve energy

E. Results in division of the cell

2. Molecules directly involved in NK cell mediated killing include

A. Muramyl dipeptide

B. Granzyme

C. Complement

D. IFN-gamma

E. Superoxide

3. Dendritic cells are characterized by

A. The presence of TCR

B. Expression of CD3

C. Expression of IgM molecules

D. Their ability to release histamine

E. Their interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems

4. C3b

A. Is chemotactic

B. Is an anaphylatoxin

C. Opsonizes bacteria

D. Directly injures bacteria

E. Is the inactive form of C3

5. B cell are distinguished from T cells by the presence of

A. CD4

B. Surface Ig

C. CD8

D. CD3

E. Class I MHC antigen

6. Specific antibodies are readily detectable in serum following primary

contact with antigen after:

A. 10 min

B. 1 h

C. 5–7 days

D. 3–5 weeks

E. Only following a second contact with antigen

7. Protection against microorganisms inside cells is provided by:

A. T-cells

B. Antibody

C. C3b

D. C1q

E. The membrane attack complex

8. Activation of the alternative pathway involves

A.C1q

B. C1s

C. C2

D. C3

E. C4

9. The infection in the uterus can be diagnosed based on the elevated level

of antigen specific ___ .

A. IgG

B. IgM

C. IgA

D. IgD

E. IgE

10. Viral replication within cells is inhibited directly by

A.IFN-α

B.TNF-α

C. IL-1

D. IL-4

E. IL -13

11. Which of the following gene clusters do not contribute to antigen

binding

A. VL

B. CL

C. VH

D. D

E. J

12. T cell antigen receptor

A. Recognizes conformational epitopes on the native antigen

B. Has Ig light chains

C. Is made up of a heavy chain and beta-2 microglobulin

D. Are associated with Igαand Igβto form a complex

E. Recognize epitopes on linear peptides associated with MHC

molecules

13. The class I MHC processing pathway primarily

A. Processes antigens that are present in the cytosol.

B. Processes antigen from the extracellular environment

C. Generates peptides, complexes them with class I MHC molecules for

presentation to helper T cells

D. Generates peptides, complexes them with class I MHC molecules for

presentation to NK cells

E. Is involved in the process of the antibody response

14. Cytokines responsible for immunosuppression include

A. IL-1

B. IL-2

C. IFN-γ

D. TGF-β

E. TNF-α

15. ___ express CD3 and CD4 molecules

A. Ts and Tc cells

B. Th1 and Th2 cells

C. NK and B cells

D. TH1 and Tc cells

E. All T cells

16. Cell with specific killing effects is

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f813787531.html,K

B. NK

C. Neutrophils

D. CTL

E. Mφ

17. CD8+ T cells

A. Can be classified into Th1 and Th2 subgroups based on biological

functions

B. Do not produce IFNγ

C. Can recognize and kill virus infected cells

D. Can bind free virus

E. Do not require direct cell to cell contact with their targets for killing

18. B cell don’t express

A. CD2

B. MHC-Ⅰmolecule

C. MHC-Ⅱmolecule

D. CR2

E. LFA-3

19. Factors may influence the induction of an immune response include

A. The nature of an antigen

B. The route of administration

C. The dose of antigen

D. Maturity of the immune system

E. All of the above

20. A given Ig isotype is

A. A heavy chain variant encoded by allelic genes.

B. A light chain constant region encoded by allelic genes.

C. Present in all normal individuals.

D. A collection of hypervariable region epitopes recognized by an

anti-idiotype.

E. Monoclonal.

21. IgG:

A. Appears early in the immune response.

B. Kills bacteria directly.

C. Is important in mucosal immunity.

D. Usually exists as a pentamer.

E .Opsonizes bacteria.

22. IgA in seromucus secretions:

A. Has no J-chain.

B. Has no secretory piece.

C. Is dimeric.

D. Cannot bind to virus.

E. Activates the classical complement pathway.

23. Which CD molecule can bind with HIV specifically?

A.CD2

B.CD4

C.CD8

D.CD21

E.CD28

24. The secondary, but not the primary, immune response is based on

A. Memory

B. The bonus effect of multivalency

C. Complement activation

D. Mast cell degranulation

E. Clonal selection

25. Which of the following is true?

A. CD4 — MHC-Ⅰ

B. CD8 — MHC-Ⅱ

C. CTLA-4 —B7

D. CD40 — CD58

E. CD2 — ICAM-1

26. The cytokine which is most involved in the class switch to IgE

production is

A. IL-1

B. IL-2

C. IL-3

D. IL-4

E. IL-5

27. The C3 convertase in classical pathway of complement activation is

A.C3bBb

B.C4b2b

C.C4a2b

D.C4b2b3b

E.C3bnBb

28. The molecules mediating signal transduction following antigen

binding to cell surface immunoglobulin on a B-cell are called:

A. Ig Fc

B. Ig-alpha and Ig-beta

C. MHC

D. CD4

E. CD3

29. A severe depression of CD4+T cell subset in man is likely to result in

A.Severe depression of humoral immune response

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f813787531.html,ck of development of skin delayed hypersensitivity reactions

C.Both A and B

D.Neither A nor B

https://www.360docs.net/doc/f813787531.html,ck of complement

30. Cytokines always act

A. By binding to specific receptors.

B. In an autocrine fashion.

C. At long range.

D. Antagonistically with other cytokines.

E. Synergistically with other cytokines.

31. T cell-derived cytokines

A. Are antigen-specific products of T cell activation

B. Are stored in the resting T cell and released on activation

C. Are MHC-restricted in their effects

D. Influence the class of antibodies produced by B cell

E. All of the above

32. In the complement system

A. Alternative pathway relys on antibody

B. Classical pathway is best activated by bacterial endotoxin

C. C1 is the first enzyme complex in the classical pathway

D. Both the alternative and classical pathway converge at C2

E. The membrane attack complex is made up of C3a and C5a

33. Ig with binding site for C1q are

A. IgE and IgD

B. IgG and IgM

C. IgM and IgA

D. IgA and Ig G

E. IgM and IgE

34. Prior to class switching, B-cells express

A. IgA alone

B. IgA and IgG

C. IgM and IgD

D. IgD alone

E. No surface Ig

35. Interactions between _____ are not restricted by MHC molecules

A. Th cell & dendritic cell

B. NK cell & target cell

C. Tc cell & target cell

D. Macrophage & Th cell

E. Th cell & B cell

36. A major factor regulating the adaptive immune response is

A. The granulocyte

B. Complement membrane attack complex

C. C-reactive protein

D. Antigen concentration

E. Platelet

37. Penicillin can cause

A. TypeⅠhypersensitivity

B. TypeⅠ& Ⅱhypersensitivity

C. TypeⅠ, Ⅱ&Ⅲhypersensitivity

D. TypeⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ & Ⅳ hypersensitivity

E. TypeⅡ & Ⅲhypersensitivity

38. Which of the following is produced by CD4+ Th1 Cells?

A. IL-2 receptor

B. IL-8

C. C3

D. IL-4

E. IL-12

39. Rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn involves

A. IgE.

B. Antibody to cell surfaces.

C. Soluble immune complexes.

D. Cytokine release from T-cells.

E. Stimulatory antibodies.

40. Interferons

A. Are found only in mammalian species

B. Are divided into 5 main families

C. Inhibit virus replication in the target cell

D. Only affect infected cells

E. Are specific for individual viruses

Ⅳ. Answer questions (30 marks)

1.Please simply describe the biological functions of antibodies. (3 marks)

2.Please simply describe the functions of the important surface molecules

of macrophages. (5 marks)

3.Please simply describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediate

immune response. (6 marks)

4.Please describe the structure, distribution and functions of HLA-Ⅱ

molecules. (6 marks)

5.Please compare the components and mechanisms of type Ⅱand Ⅲ

hypersensitivity. (10 marks)

The Answers for the Final Examination of Immunology

(A)

Ⅰ. Concepts (2.5 marks / concept, totally 20 marks)

1. Epitope: the smallest unit of an antigen to which an antibody or cell can bind.

2. Superantigen: molecules that polyclonally activate a large fraction of the T cells by binding to MHC class II molecules and T-cell receptors.

3. Positive selection:thymocytes in the cortex of thymus with TCRs with a moderate affinity for self-MHC molecules on epithelial cells are allowed to develop further. Others undergo apoptosis and die. MHC – restriction.

4. Idiotype: are unique antigenic determinants associated with antigen binding sites of antibodies and are the results of the different amino acid sequences which determine their specificities.

5. APC: is a cell that displays peptide fragment of protein antigens, in association with MHC molecules, on its surface and activates

antigen-specific T cells.

6. Hypersensitivity: refer to the tissue damage or functional disturbance that occurs as an overreaction by the immune system to a variety of antigens encountered on a second occasion.

7. Fab: fragment antigen binding. Complete L chain paired with the VH and CH1 domains of the H chain

8. McAb:monoclonal antibodies which are produced by a single clone of B cell hybridoma and are homogenous in structure and specificity.

Ⅱ. Fill each of the blank spaces with suitable words. (0.5 mark/blank space, totally 10 marks)

1. TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 (位置可互换)

2. Tc, NK, Macrophage, neurophile，eosinophile，(其中任选三个,位置可

互换)

3. Alternative, MBL, MBL, Alternative

4. NK, Macrophage, neurophile，B cell, eosinophile，pletellete (其中任选

四个, 位置可互换)

5. IFNγ，IL-12, IL-4, IL-10

Ⅲ. For each of the following questions, choose the ONE BEST answer or completion. (0.5 mark / question, totally 20 marks)

1. C

2. B

3. E

4. C

5. B

6. C

7. A

8. D 9 .B 10. A

11. B 12. E 13. A 14. D 15. B

16. D 17. C 18. A 19. E 20. C

21. E 22. C 23. B 24. A 25.C

26. D 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. A

31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. B

36. D 37. D 38. A 39. B 40. C

Ⅳ. Answer questions (30 marks)

1.Please simply describe the biological functions of antibodies. (3 marks) Biological functions of Ab

1)○.5Bind specific with antigens.

2)○.5complement activation

3)○.5Opsonization

4)○.5ADCC

5)○.5Mediating type ? hypersensitivities:

6)○.5Placental transfer and mucosal transfer

2.Please simply describe the functions of the important surface molecules

of macrophages. (5 marks)

(1).○1Molecules involved in phagocytosis: ○1Scavenger receptors, mannose receptors, LPS receptor (CD14), complement receptors, Fc receptors (FcγRⅢ / CD16, et al) （列举三个以上给1分）

(2). ○1Molecules involved in signaling of activaton: ○.5TLR-4 (toll-like eceptor-4), TLR-2

(3). ○1Molecules involved in antigen presentation: ○.5MHC class Ⅱmolecules and B7 (after activation), MHC class Ⅰmolecules

3.Please simply describe the general process of CD4+ T cell mediate

immune response. (6 marks)

Antigen recognition of T cell: Class Ⅱ molecules are load with exogenous peptides in an endosomal compartment and are recognized by CD4 helper Tcell○2

The activation of T cell: signal 1: the engagement of the TCR; signal 2: B7 on APC bind to CD28 on the T cell○2

Effects: Act on Mφand cause their activation; Mediate type Ⅳhypersensitivity; Help B cell growth and Ab production.(答出两种效应即给分)○2

4. Please discribe the structure, distribution and functions of HLA-Ⅱ

molecules. (6 marks)

Structure: ○

.5heterodimers of α and βglycoprotein chains, ○.5α1 and β1 form the binding groove.

Distribution: ○

1expressed on APC Function: 1. ○

1Antigen processing and presenting (exogeneous pathway): 2. ○

1Involve in transplant rejection 3. ○

1Regulation of immune response 4. ○

1Involve in T cell development in the thymus

5. Please compare the components and mechanisms of type Ⅱand Ⅲ

hypersensitivity. (10 marks)

Type Ⅱhypersensitivity Type Ⅲhypersensitivity Ag ○1cellular antigen ○

1mostly are soluble Ag Ab ○1IgG , IgM ○

1IgG , IgM Mechanism 1. ○

1 Cell lysis by complement activation via classical pathway 2. ○

1ADCC by NK cell, M φand neutrophiles via Fc γR on these cells 3. ○

1Opsonization via CR and Fc γR on phagocytes 1. ○1Complement activation leads to production of C3a 、C5a

→activation of basophiles →

Tissue edema 2．○

1Neutrophile infiltration →tissue damage

3．○1Platelet activation →Microthrombi formation