专题07 非谓语动词-三年高考(2016-2018)英语试题分项版解析(解析版)
2018年高考题
1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel
B. Traveling
C. Having traveled
D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
A. share
B. to share
C. having shared
D. shared
【答案】B
点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。
3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。
点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。
4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.
A. to eat；to try
B. eating；trying
C. eating；to try
D. to eat；trying
【答案】D
【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。
点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。
5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.
A. taking
B. taken
C. being taken
D. take
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。
点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。
6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded
B. to exceed
C. exceeded
D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的12,000的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。
having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。
2017年高考题
【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed
B. allowing
C. having allowed
D. allowed
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。
A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。
考点：考查非谓语。
【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。学科=网
【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.
A. catching
B. caught
C. to catch
D. to be caught
【答案】C
考点：考查非谓语。
【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+ 宾语+ 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让）+ 宾语+ do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。
【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed
B. being developed
C. developed
D. developing
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查非谓语动词。brands是逻辑主语，和develop是主谓关系，所以用现在分词，表示伴随状况；再根据“over centuries”可知，应该使用现在分词的完成式，故选A。句意：许多中国品牌，享誉数百年，现在正面临着来自现代市场的新挑战。
【名师点睛】
现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。
当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。
e. g. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.
Having seen the film twice, he didn’t want to go to the cinema with his wife.
Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.
I didn’t feel surprised, having expected all this.
Not having done it right, I tried again.
现在分词作状语，可以转换为一个状语从句。
1)表示时间时，相当于after, before, when , while等引导的状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或
与主句动作同时发生。
Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（发生在主句动作之前）
Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）
He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）
Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同时）
Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.
Be careful when crossing the street.
While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.
Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children .
Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .
Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.
There are a number of students waiting to be examined.
He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.
The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。
2)原因（句首）
Being short of money, I applied for the job.
Not seeing John, I can’t tell you what he looks like.
3)方式，伴随
Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.
He stood by the window, watching the children playing.
She stopped as if expecting him to speak.
His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.
4)结果（后置）
She fell, only striking her head against the rock.
He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class.
It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.
5)条件
If traveling north, I asked where he was.
6)让步
knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the damage.
Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth, have yet great contribution to their country later.
Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.
Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.
考点：考查非谓语动词
【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.
A. save
B. saving
C. to save
D. saved
【答案】C
试题分析：句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
不定式的作用之状语
不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as t o, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。
(1)做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）
如：
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
He came to the school to see his son.
(2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：
He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
(3)做原因状语。如：
We were very excited to hear the news.
I’m glad to see you.
(4)做条件状语。如：
To turn to the left, you could find a post office.
【2017·北京卷】30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging
B. range
C. to range
D. ranged
【答案】A
考点：考查非谓语动词。
【名师点睛】
现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；
在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。
如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶
分词的作用
1、作定语
（1）单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：
The sleeping boy is my son.
The excited people rushed into the building.
（2）分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：
The girl standing under the tree is my niece.
The building built last year is our library.
（3）过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists
2、作状语
现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。
Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.
2010年全国高考英语试题及答案-北京
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2001年高考试题—英语听力(全国卷)录音稿
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上海市_2001年_高考英语真题(附答案)_历年历届试题
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