28Five hundred and twentieth chapters wood hedgehog
【英文读物】Five Hundred Dollars or, Jacob Marlowe's
【英文读物】Five Hundred Dollars or, Jacob Marlowe's SecretCHAPTER I. A NEW ARRIVAL IN LAKEVILLE.Slowly through the village street walked an elderly man, with bronzed features and thin gray hair, supporting his somewhat uncertain steps by a stout cane. He was apparently tired, for, seeing a slight natural elevation under a branching elm tree, he sat down, and looked thoughtfully about him."Well," he said, "Lakeville hasn't changed much since I left it, twenty years since. Has there been any change among those who are near to me? I don't know, but I shall soon find out. Shall I receive a welcome or not? There ought to be two families to greet me, but——"Here a boy appeared on the scene, a boy of4 fifteen, with a sturdy figure and a pleasant face, whose coarse suit indicated narrow means, if not poverty. Seeing the old man, with instinctive politeness he doffed his hat and with a pleasant smile bade him good-morning."Good-morning," returned the traveller, won by the boy's pleasant face and manner. "If you are not in a hurry won't you sit down by me and answer a few questions?""With pleasure, sir; my business isn't driving.""This is Lakeville, isn't it?""Yes, sir.""I used to know the place—a good many years since. It hasn't grown much.""No, sir; it's rather quiet.""Chiefly a farming region, isn't it?""Yes, sir; but there is a large shoe manufactory here, employing a hundred hands.""Who is the owner?""Squire Marlowe.""Ha!" ejaculated the old man, evidently interested. "Albert Marlowe, isn't it?""Yes, sir; do you know him?""I haven't met him for twenty years, but we are acquainted. I suppose he is prosperous.""He is considered a rich man, sir. He is a relation of mine."5"Indeed! What then is your name?" asked the old man, eagerly."Herbert Barton—most people call me Bert Barton."Bert was surprised at the keen scrutiny which he received from the traveller."Was your mother Mary Marlowe?" the latter asked."Yes, sir," returned Bert. "Did you know her, too?""I ought to; she is my niece, as the man you call Squire Marlowe is my nephew.""Then you must be Uncle Jacob, who has lived so many years in California?" said Bert, excitedly. "The same.""Mother will be very glad to see you," added Bert, cordially."Thank you, my boy. Your kind welcome does me good. I hope your mother is well and happy." "She is a widow," answered Bert soberly."When did your father die?""Two years ago.""I hope he left your mother in comfortable circumstances."Bert shook his head."He only left the small house we live in, and that is mortgaged for half its value."6"Then how do you live?""Mother covers base-balls for a firm in the next town, and I am working in the big shoe shop." "Doesn't Squire Marlowe do anything for your mother?""He gave me a place in the shop—that is all.""Yet he is rich," said the old man, thoughtfully."Yes, he lives in a fine house. You can see it down the street on the other side that large one with a broad piazza. He keeps two horses and two handsome carriages, and I am sure he must have plenty of money.""I am glad to hear it. I have been a long time among strangers. It will be pleasant to come to anchor at the house of a rich relation. Where does your mother live?""In a small cottage at the other end of the street. Won't you come home with me, Uncle Jacob? Mother will be glad to see you.""I must call at Albert Marlowe's first. What family has he?""He has one boy about my own age.""I suppose you are very intimate—being cousins."Bert laughed."He wouldn't thank you for calling us7 cousins," he answered. "Percy Marlowe is a boy who thinks a good deal of himself. He puts on no end of airs.""Like his father before him. Is he a smart boy?""Do you mean in his studies?""Yes.""I don't know what he could do if he tried, but he doesn't exert himself much. He says it isn't necessary for him, as his father is a rich man.""How is it with you?""I only wish I had his chance," said Bert, warmly. "I am fond of study, but I am poor, and must work for a living.""You have the right idea, and he has not," said the old man, sententiously.At this moment a light buggy was driven swiftly by. Seated in it was a boy about the age of Bert, apparently, but of slighter figure. The horse, suddenly spying the old man, shied, and in a trice the buggy was upset, and the young dude went sprawling on the ground.Bert grasped the situation, and sprang to the rescue. He seized the terrified horse, while the old man helped reverse the carriage, which fortunately had not met with any material damage. Thesame may be said of the young driver who, with mortified face, strug8gled to his feet, and surveyed ruefully the muddy stains on his handsome suit."I hope you're not hurt, Percy," said Bert, with solicitude."I've spoiled my suit, that's all," returned Percy, shortly. "What made you scare my horse?""I didn't," answered Bert, with spirit. "What right have you to charge me with such a thing?""Then if it wasn't you, it was that old tramp you were talking with," persisted Percy, sullenly."Hush, Percy!" said Bert, apprehensive lest the old man's feelings might be hurt. "You don't know who this gentleman is.""I never met the gentleman before," rejoined Percy, with ironical deference."Then let me introduce him as your uncle, Jacob Marlowe, from California!"Percy's face betrayed much more surprise than pleasure as he stammered, "Is that true?""Yes," answered the old man, smiling calmly; "I have the honor to be related to you, young gentleman.""Does father know you are here?""No; I am going to call upon him."Percy hardly knew what to think. He had9 heard his father speak of "Uncle Jacob" and indulge in the hope that he had accumulated a fortune in California. His shabby attire did not suggest wealth, certainly, but Percy was wise enough to know that appearances are not always to be relied upon. If this old man were wealthy, he would be worth propitiating. At any rate, till he knew to the contrary he had better be polite."Will you ride to the house with me, sir?" he asked, considerably to Bert's surprise."No, thank you. There might be another upset. Jump into the buggy, and I'll walk along after you."Percy was relieved by this decision, for he had no wish to be seen with such a companion."All right, sir," he said. "I'll see you at the house."Without a word of acknowledgment to Bert, Percy sprang into the buggy and drove rapidly away."Shall I go with you, Uncle Jacob?" asked Bert."No, thank you. I can find the way. Tell your mother that I will call on her very soon." CHAPTER II. UNCLE JACOB'S RECEPTION.Percy found his father at home, and quickly acquainted him with the arrival in town of Uncle Jacob. His news was received with interest by Squire Marlowe."Why didn't you invite him to ride home with you?" asked the squire."I did; but he preferred to walk.""What does he look like?""Like an old tramp," answered Percy.Squire Marlowe was taken aback; for, without having received any definite intelligence from the long absent relative, he had somehow persuaded himself that Uncle Jacob had accumulated a fortune at the mines."Then he is shabbily dressed?" said the squire, inquiringly."I should say so. I say, father, I thought he was rich. You always said so.""And I still think so.""Then why don't he dress better?""He is rather eccentric, Percy; and these California miners don't care much for dress as a rule. I shouldn't wonder if he were worth half a million. You'd better treat him with11 attention, for we are his natural heirs, and there's no telling what may happen.""Enough said, father. I don't care how he dresses if he's got the cash.""I must go and speak to your mother, or she will treat him coldly. You know how particular she is."Squire Marlowe managed to drop a hint to his wife, who was as worldly wise as himself, and saw the advantage of being attentive to a wealthy relative.By this time Uncle Jacob had reached the door.Squire Marlowe himself answered the bell, as a mark of special attention, and gazed with curiosity at the old man.Jacob Marlowe, though coarsely clad, was scrupulously neat and clean, and there was a pleasant smile on his bronzed face as he recognized his nephew."I believe you are Uncle Jacob," said the squire, affably."Yes, Albert, and I'm mighty glad to see a relation. It's twenty-five years since I have seen one that was kin to me.""Welcome to Lakeville, Uncle Jacob. I am glad to see you. Percy told me he met you on the road: Why didn't you ride up with him?""It wasn't worth gettin' in to ride a quarter12 of a mile. I am used to exercise in California.""To be sure. Come into the house, and lay your valise down anywhere. Here is my wife, Mrs. Marlowe. Julia, this is Uncle Jacob, of whom you have heard me speak so often.""I am glad to see you, Mr. Marlowe," said the lady, formally, just touching the old man's hand."Where are you going to put Uncle Jacob, Julia?" asked the squire."You may take him to the blue room," said Mrs. Marlowe, in a tone of hesitation.This blue room was the handsomest chamber in the house, and was assigned to those whom it was considered politic to honor."Come right upstairs, Uncle Jacob. I'll show you your room myself," said Albert Marlowe."I ain't used to such luxury, Albert," said the old man, as he gazed around the comfortably appointed apartment. "You ought to see my cabin at Murphy's diggings. I reckon your servant would turn up her nose at it.""I know you don't care much for style in California, uncle.""No, we don't, though we've got as handsome houses in 'Frisco as anywhere else.13 Why, Albert, this room is fine enough for a prince.""Then you can think yourself a prince," said the squire, genially. "Now, if you want to wash your face and hands, and arrange your toilet, you will have abundant time before dinner. Come down when you have finished."Albert Marlowe returned to his wife."Mr. Marlowe," said she, "are you very sure that old man is rich?""I have no doubt of it, Julia.""But what an old fright he is! Why, he looks dreadfully common, and his clothes are wretchedly shabby.""True, Julia; but you must remember miners are not very particular about their dress.""I should think not, if he is a fair specimen. It makes me shudder to think of his occupying the blue-room. The hall bedroom on the third floor would have been good enough for him.""Remember, my dear, he is in all probability very wealthy, and we are his heirs. I am not so well off as people imagine, and it will be a great thing for us to have a fortune of a quarter or half a million drop in by and by.""There's something in that, to be sure," the14 lady admitted. "But can't you induce him to wear better clothes?""I will suggest it very soon. We mustn't be too precipitate, for fear he should take offense. You know these rich uncles expect to be treated with a good deal of consideration.""Do you think he will expect to live with us? I shall really give up if I have got to have such a looking old tramp as a permanent member of the family.""But, Julia, if he is really very rich, it is important for us to keep him strictly in view. You know there will be plenty of designing persons, who will be laying snares to entrap him, and get possession of his money.""How old is he? Is he likely to live long?""I think he must be about sixty-five.""And he looks alarmingly healthy," said Mrs. Marlowe, with a sigh."His father died at sixty-seven."Mrs. Marlowe brightened up. "That is encouraging," she said, hopefully."I don't think he looks so very healthy," added the squire."He has a good color.""His father was the picture of health till within a few weeks of his death.""What did he die of?""Apoplexy."15"To be sure. The old man looks as if he might go off that way.""In that case we should only need to be troubled with him a couple of years, and for that we should be richly repaid.""They will seem like two eternities," groaned the lady, "and the chief burden will come on me.""You shall be repaid, my dear! Only treat him well!""Will you give me half what money he leaves to us?""Say one-third, Julia. That will repay you richly for all your trouble.""Very well! Let it be a third. But, Mr. Marlowe, don't let there be any mistake! I depend upon you to find out as soon as possible how much money the old man has.""Trust to me, Julia. I am just as anxious to know as you are."In twenty minutes Uncle Jacob came down stairs. He had done what he could to improve his appearance, or "slick himself up," as he expressed it, and wore a blue coat and vest, each provided with brass buttons. But from close packing in his valise both were creased up in such a manner that Squire Marlowe and his wife shuddered, and Percy's face wore an amused and supercilious smile."I declare I feel better to be dressed up," said the old man. "How long do you think I've had this coat and vest, Albert?""I really couldn't guess.""I had it made for me ten years ago in Sacramento. It looks pretty well, but then I've only worn it for best."Percy had to stuff his handkerchief in his mouth to repress a laugh. Uncle Jacob regarded him with a benevolent smile, and seemed himself to be amused about something."Now, Uncle Jacob, we'll sit down to dinner. You must be hungry.""Well, I have got a fairish appetite. What a nice eatin' room you've got, Albert. I ain't used to such style.""I presume not," said Mrs. Marlowe, dryly.CHAPTER III. A VISIT TO THE FACTORY.During dinner the old man chatted away in the frankest manner, but not a word did he let drop as to his worldly circumstances. He appeared to enjoy his dinner, and showed himself entirely at his ease.17"I'm glad to see you so well fixed, Albert," he said. "You've got a fine home.""It will do very well," returned the squire, modestly."I suppose he never was in such a good house before," thought Mrs. Marlowe."By the way, just before I fell in with you here," went on Jacob, "I ran across Mary's boy.""Herbert Barton?" suggested the squire, with a slight frown."Yes; he said that was his name.""They live in the village," said his nephew, shortly."They're poor, ain't they?""Yes; Barton was not a forehanded man. He didn't know how to accumulate money.""I suppose he left very little to his widow.""Very little. However, I have given the boy a place in my factory, and I believe his mother earns a trifle by covering base-balls. They don't want for anything—that is, anything in reason."Bert Barton seems a likely boy.""Oh, he's as good as the average of boys in his position.""I suppose he and Percy are quite intimate, being cousins.""Indeed we are not!" returned Percy, toss18ing his head. "His position is very different from mine."Uncle Jacob surveyed Percy in innocent wonder."Still, he's kin to you," he observed."That doesn't always count," said Percy. "He has his friends, and I have mine. I don't believe in mixing classes.""I expect things have changed since I was a boy," said Uncle Jacob, mildly. "Then, all the boys were friendly and sociable, no matter whether they were rich or poor.""I agree with Percy," broke in Mrs. Marlowe, stiffly. "His position in life will be very different from that of the boy you refer to. Any early intimacy, even if we encouraged it, could not well be kept up in after-life.""Perhaps you are right," said the old man. "I've been away so long at the mines that I haven't kept up with the age or the fashions."Percy smiled, as his glance rested on his uncle's creased suit, and he felt quite ready to agree with what he said."I was thinkin' how pleasant it would be if you would invite Mary and her boy to tea—we are all related, you know. We could talk over old times and scenes, and have a real social time."19Mrs. Marlowe seemed horror-struck at the suggestion."I don't think it would be convenient," she said, coldly."It would be better for you to see Mrs. Barton at her own house," put in the squire, hastily."Well, perhaps it would.""By the way, Uncle Jacob, I hope your experiences of California are pleasant," insinuated Squire Marlowe."They're mixed, Albert. I've had my ups and downs.""I have heard of large fortunes being made there," pursued the squire. "I suppose there's some truth in what we hear?""To be sure! Why, ten years from the time I went to the mines I had a hundred thousand dollars deposited to my credit in a Sacramento bank."Squire Marlowe's eyes sparkled with pleasure. It was just what he had been hoping to find out. So Uncle Jacob was rich, after all! The squire's manner became even more gracious, and he pressed upon his relative another plate of ice cream."No, thank you, Albert," said the old man. "I'm used to plain livin'. It isn't often I sit down to a meal like this. Do you know, there's20 nothing suits me better than a dinner of corned beef and cabbage.""How vulgar the old man is!" thought Mrs. Marlowe. "He may have money, but his tastes are very common.""We never have corned beef and cabbage here," she said, with a slight shudder."Very likely Bert Barton's mother has it very often," suggested Percy."My dear," said the squire, urbanely, "if Uncle Jacob really enjoys those dishes so much, you might provide them for his special use.""I will think of it," replied Mrs. Marlowe, shortly.Now that Uncle Jacob had hinted at the possession of wealth, Squire Marlowe beheld him as one transfigured. He was no longer a common, shabby old man, but a worthy old gentleman of eccentric ideas in the matter of wardrobe and manners."I wonder if Uncle Jacob wouldn't advance me twenty-five thousand dollars," was the thought that was passing through his mind as he gazed genially at his countrified guest. "It would help me amazingly in my business, and enable me to do double as much. I will mention it to him in good time.""I've a great mind to come upon the old21 man for a handsome birthday present," thought Percy. "Fifty dollars wouldn't be much for him to give. I shan't get more than a fiver from the governor.""Uncle Jacob," said the squire, as they rose from the table, "suppose you walk over to the factory with me; I should like you to see it.""Nothing would please me better," said Jacob Marlowe, briskly."Will you come along, Percy?" asked his father."No, papa," answered Percy, with a grimace. "You know I don't like the smell of leather.""I ought not to dislike it," said the squire, with a smile, "for it gives me a very handsome income.""Oh, it's different with you," returned Percy. "Just give me the profits of the factory and I'll go there every day.""He's a sharp one!" said the squire, with a smile."I am afraid he is too sharp to suit me," thought Uncle Jacob. "It seems to me the boy's mind runs upon money, and his own interests."The shoe factory was a large building of two stories, and within it was a hive of industry.As the squire led the way he explained the22 various workings to the old man, who was really curious and interested. It was on a larger scale than was common at the time he left for California, and the use of machinery had to a greater extent supplemented and superseded the work of the hands.Finally they came to a room where several boys were pegging shoes, for this work was still done in the old-fashioned way. Uncle Jacob's eyes lighted up when in one of them he recognized Bert Barton.He hurried forward, and put his hand on Bert's shoulder."So this is your business," he said."Yes," answered Bert, with a smile."Do you find it hard work?""Oh, no! That is, I am used to it. It used to tire me at first.""Did you tell your mother I was in town?""Yes," answered Bert, "and she says she hopes you will call.""To be sure I will. I may call this evening.""He's a likely boy, Albert," said Uncle Jacob, rejoining the squire, who stood aloof with a look of annoyance on his face."He works very well, I believe," was the cold reply. "Shall we move on?""Albert doesn't seem to feel much interest in his poor relations," thought Uncle Jacob. "Well, it's human nature, I suppose.""You seem to be doing a large business, Albert," he said aloud."Yes; but with a little more capital I could very much increase it," rejoined the squire. "With twenty-five thousand dollars now, I would enlarge the factory to double its present size, and do twice the business I am now doing.""I am afraid you want to get rich too fast, Albert.""It would gratify my spirit of enterprise, Uncle Jacob. I feel that I have the ability to make a big business success.""Very likely, Albert. I've seen enough to convince me of that.""He'll lend me the money if I work things right," Squire Marlowe said to himself. "He'll be like wax in my hands."CHAPTER IV. UNCLE JACOB'S STARTLING REVELATION."Uncle Jacob was at the factory this afternoon," said Bert to his mother, when he went home. "He says he may call here this evening."24"I hope he will. He was my poor mother's favorite brother—always kind and good-hearted. How is he looking, Bert?""He seems in good health for an old man. His face is browned up, as if he had been out in the open air a good deal.""I hope he has. It is twenty-five years since he went to California. Does he look as if he had prospered?""I am afraid he is poor, mother, for although his clothing is neat and clean, it is plain and the cloth is faded?""I am sorry to hear that, but I will welcome him none the less warmly. It will indeed seem like old times to have Uncle Jacob in my house."Meanwhile Bert had been bringing in wood and doing chores for his mother."Did Uncle Jacob tell you how long he intended to stay in Lakeville?""No, mother; I only had a short time to talk with him when Percy rode by, and then he started to call on the squire. Do you know, mother, I am rather surprised that he should have been so well received, poor as he looks.""I think better of Albert for it. It shows that he is not so worldly as I feared. Certainly Uncle Jacob ought to be well received25 by Albert Marlowe, for when Albert's father was in trouble Jacob lent him five hundred dollars—all in money he had—and I feel sure the money has not been repaid to him to this day.""I don't think Percy will be very cordial. You know what high notions he has.""He gets them principally from his mother, who is extremely aristocratic in her ideas.""Was she of a high family?"Mrs. Barton smiled."Her father was a fisherman," she replied, "and when a girl she used to run barefoot on the sand. Later on she sewed straw for a living. She is no worse for that, certainly, but it doesn't give her any claims to aristocracy.""Do you think Percy knows about his mother's early life?""I presume she has kept it secret from him.""I shall think of it when Percy gets into one of his patronizing moods.""Remember, Bert, that neither he nor his mother is any the worse for her humble birth.""I understand that, I hope, mother, just as I don't feel ashamed of our being poor.""As long as we can make an honorable living, we have no right to complain."26"That reminds me, mother, that I heard bad news at the shop to-day.""What is that?""That the shop is likely to be shut down all next month.""Why is that?" asked Mrs. Barton, an anxious look coming over her face."I believe the market is over-supplied with shoes, and it is thought best to suspend temporarily. It'll be rather hard on me.""Yes, it will," said his mother, gravely. "I earn so little at sewing balls.""Don't you think I could get a job at that, mother?""No, you could not do the work satisfactorily. Besides there are hands enough for all that is required. Well, we must hope for the best.""I think I can manage to earn something, mother," said Bert, hopefully. "I'll try hard, anyway.""We won't worry till the time comes, Bert."An hour later there was a knock at the door. Mrs. Barton answered it in person."Why, Uncle Jacob, is it really you?" she exclaimed, joyfully."I'm delighted to see you, Mary," said the old man, his face lighting up. "I've been waitingtwenty-five years for this meeting."27"Come right in, Uncle Jacob. I can hardly believe it is really you. Now tell me why you have not written these many years.""I've no good excuse, Mary, but perhaps I shall think of one bimeby. Now tell me how you are getting along?""I am not rich, as you can see, Uncle Jacob; but as long as Bert and I have our health, and work to do, I shall be contented.""Do you know, Mary," said Jacob Marlowe, looking about the plain little sitting-room, "I like your house better than Albert's?""I don't think you will find many to agree with you.""Perhaps not, but this seems like home, and that doesn't.""Albert's house is finely furnished.""True, and he lives in fine style; but I don't think I should ever be contented to live with him.""Has he invited you?""Yes," answered Jacob; "but," he added, with a smile, "I don't think the invitation will hold good after to-morrow.""Why not?""The fact is, Albert and the whole family think I am rich."28"I shouldn't think they would judge that from your appearance.""Oh, they think I am eccentric and plain in my tastes, and that I've got my pile safe somewhere.""I wish you had, Uncle Jacob.""Happiness doesn't depend on money, Mary, as you realize in your own case. I am an old man, to be sure, but I am well and strong, and able to work for a living.""But at your age, Uncle Jacob, it would be comfortable to feel that you could rest.""Come, Mary, don't make me out a patriarch. I'm only sixty-five, and I can tackle a pretty good day's work yet."。
人生五章英文版
人生五章英文版人生五章的英文版内容如下：The first chapter of life is about the cradle, the second chapter is about childhood, the third chapter is about growing up, the fourth chapter is about love, and the last chapter is about old age.In the first chapter of life, we are like a blank piece of paper, waiting for the world to write on us. We are small and weak, relying on others to take care of us. We cry when we are hungry or wet, and smile when we are happy.In the second chapter of life, we start to discover the world around us. We explore, learn, and play. We ask questions about everything and anything, and try to understand the world through our experiences. We make friends and have fun together.In the third chapter of life, we start to grow up and become more independent. We start to make our own choices and decisions, and start to understand the responsibilities that come with adulthood.We may also start to fall in love, and experience the sweetness and bitterness of love.In the fourth chapter of life, we start to understand the deeper meaning of love. We may get married and have children, and become a part of a family. We learn to care for others and share our happiness and sorrows with them. We also learn to face challenges and difficulties, and find ways to overcome them.In the last chapter of life, we start to slow down and enjoy the simple things in life. We may no longer be as active as before, but we still have dreams and goals. We cherish every moment with our family and friends, and try to make the most of every day. We look back on our life and reflect on our experiences, learning from them and passing them down to the next generation.In conclusion, life is like a book with five chapters. Each chapter has its own unique meaning and value, and each chapter contributes to the story of our life. No matter where we are in life, we should cherish every moment and make the most of it.。
新概念英语第三册PPT课件：NCE3_lesson28(共12页)-2
Topics for discussion
• 1 Tell us about an occasion when you have bargained for something.
• 2 How do you make sure you get value for money when you want to buy something?
• 3 ‘Never buy anything from street traders. You'll never get a bargain.’What do you think?
THANKS
• Before she had anchored, • the men from the boats • had climbed on board • and the decks • were soon covered with • colourful rugs from Persia, • silks from India, • copper coffee pots, • and beautiful handmade silverware.
• I shook my head • and held up five fingers • indicating that • I was willing • to pay ￡5. • Gesticulating wildly, • the man acted as if • he found my offer outrageous, • but he eventually • reduced the price to ￡10.
• Shrugging my shoulders, • I began to walk away • when, a moment later, • he ran after me • and thrust the pen • into my hands. • Though he kept • throwing up his arms • in despair, • he readily accepted the ￡5 • I gave him.
历史的种类
History's Genres: Julian Barnes's "A History of the World in 10 1/2 Chapters" Author(s): Gregory J. Rubinson Source: Modern Language Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Autumn, 2000), pp. 159-179 Published by: Modern Language Studies Stable URL: /stable/3195384 Accessed: 03-01-2016 13:07 UTC
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History'sGenres
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外研版高二英语选择性必修第一册(2019版)_Unit4_单元达标检测(原题版)
Unit 4 Meeting the muse Review 单元达标检测原题版I.阅读理解AThomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2,1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11,1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twentyseven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twentyfive years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.Under the Greenwood Tree (1872) was never surpassed (超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes (1873), began to show deep irony (讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy’s writings.Far from the Madding Crowd (1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy’s amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d’Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fiftyeight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixtyfour when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.1．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?A．He could practice writing while working.B．He made a lot of money to support his writing.C．He found material for his novels and poems.D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels.2．What is Thomas Hardy’s Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?A．One of his masterworks.B．His first popular success.C．His best novel in perfection of art.D．One of his best collections of poems.3．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?A．Desperate RemediesB．A Pair of Blue EyesC．Tess of the d’UrbervillesD．The DynastsBRobert Frost(1874－1963) was the statesman of American letters in the twentieth century, a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens. In his life, Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his works—more than any other poet in American history. His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken, Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. Though he is widely read, Frost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.Though born in California, Frost was brought up in New England, where he is inseparably linked. After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream, he remained upset for years, producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile. Finally, Frost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his work might be better received in London. It was, and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great Britain. Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frost’s work and brought it back to the United States, publicizing it insistently. Soon afterwards Frost’s collections became bestsellers, and he became a famous figure.From then on, Frost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his achievements in poetry. In 1961, he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration(总统就职典礼) of John F．Kennedy. He recited his poem, The Gift Outright, from memory at the ceremony. This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963.More importantly, Frost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.4．What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？A．The comments of other writers.B．His literary achievements.C．The complexity of his poems.D．His political activities.5．What do we know about Frost before 1912?A．He continued writing after his graduation from Dartmouth College.B．He was well received in London for his first collection.C．He failed to make much money with his publication.D．He produced enough works to achieve literary success.6．According to the passage, what brought Frost immediate success in the US?A．The literary value of his poetry.B．The publication of his first collection.C．The invitation from John F．Kennedy.D．The recommendation by Amy Lowell.7．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A．The Literary Life of Robert Frost：An OverviewB．Robert Frost and the Twentieth CenturyC．Robert Frost：A Historical FigureD．The Popularity of Robert FrostCJ．K. Rowling frequently shows there is magic every day.Her Harry Potter series has helped people through times of stress and depression and she is always there to deliver wise words of encouragement.She is one celebrity who is very active on Twitter. So when a single dad named Matt Burke sent her a message thanking her for the series, she noticed. Her series had helped strengthen his relationship with his 9yearold daughter Bailey.He included a link to his article titled Being a Broke Parent. He explained how he hadn’t found a level of financial stability that allowed him to pay bills on time and take his daughter on more activities and events. The family also doesn’t have the Internet or TV, which means there’s no “digital babysitter” and he has to rely on his own creative ways to bond with his daughter. Since he received the series, the main thing that has occupied them these days is reading books together.Burke admits that he thought he was “too cool” for the books when they first came out and he was in his twenties, but he’s loving reading them now. “We switch off chapter by chapter reading them out loud，” Burke explains. “This not only allows her to get more used to reading aloud in front of someone, but it gets me directly involved in something she loves, and it gives me the chance to be very dramatic when I read my chapters and bring myself into the characters in the book, which has proven to be a ton of fun.”After hearing Burke’s story, Rowling said how honored she was when Harry Potter was a partof his family’s life and offered Burke more books. Besides, people are also offering to send Burke more books as gifts. For Burke, this experience, far more than gifts, will be what he treasures. 8．Why did Burke thank J．K.Rowling according to the text?A．She guided him how to write a good story.B．She encouraged him when he was in trouble.C．Her books helped him through times of confusion.D．Her books helped him improve his bond with his daughter.9．What is implied in Burke’s words in Paragraph 4?A．He has found it interesting to read the series.B．He was too old to understand the series better.C．He has chosen a better way of reading the series.D．He hopes to play a role in the drama in the future.10．Which word can best describe Burke’s experience according to the text?A．Unique.B．Normal.C．Precious. D．Funny.11．What is the main idea of this text?A．J.K.Rowling chooses to help improve kids’ health.B．J.K.Rowling gives a magical gift to a single father.C．J.K.Rowling has a deep influence on others’ growth.D．Burke comes to know J．K.Rowling through her series.DAs evolution tends to remove waste, how come we evolved such large, energyconsuming brains? The dominant hypothesis (假设) suggests that tough social interactions are the driving force. But our new study done in an unusual way shows that human brain expansion is likely driven by ecology．Scientists have tested the ecological and social hypotheses before. The common approach is to look at many species and investigate whether large brains are associated with specific problems. For example, do primates or other animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging to find but nutritionally rewarding? This would indicate an ecological origin. Or do they live in large groups where they face lots of social problems?While many studies have found such associations, there is a problem. It cannot tell whetherlarge brains evolved to solve the difficult problems or whether they evolved for other reasons and then enabled their bearers to deal with the hard problems.To find out the causes of brain expansion, we recreated the scenarios (可能出现的情况) of the two hypotheses using a mathematical model. We found that a combination of ecological and social challenges do produce the brain size we see in humans. But it was ecological challenges that expanded brains. In contrast to the dominant view and our own expectation, we found that social challenges contributed by decreasing brain size. But you need both factors to get the brain size we see today—if there were no social challenges our brains would have been even larger but likely poorly suited to social life. Bigger isn’t necessarily better.But many animals face hard ecological problems. Why don’t they all have large brains? We found that ecological problems only lead to humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grow. So our results and those of others’ suggest that hard ecology and the accumulation of cultural knowledge could act together to produce a humansized brain.Will the human brain expand further? The complexity of the systems involved makes it impossible to say much with certainty at present.12．In most people’s view, what makes human evolve large brains?A．Social challenges.B．Social and ecological challenges.C．Ecological challenges.D．Competition with other large animals.13．What’s the problem of the common approach?A．Its model is not reliable enough.B．It doesn’t tell the cause and effect clearly.C．Its hypothesis cannot be proved effectively.D．It doesn’t find brain size is connected with problems.14．Why don’t many animals have large brains?A．They don’t learn from each other.B．They don’t face hard ecological problems.C．They don’t need to cooperate with each other.D．They don’t keep learning tough skills as they grow.15．Which of the following do the researchers find most surprising?A．Animals don’t have large brains.B．Social challenges decrease brain size.C．Ecological challenges increase brain size.D．It’s unclear whether human brains will expand further.II. 阅读七选五Thanks to the worldfamous Colombian writer Garcia Marquez, many people think of Latin America as a land of magic. In his books, impossible things happen.1.________It may come from the mix of different cultures and ethnicities (种族) in Latin America. Although some of these differences have caused conflicts, they have also been a source of beauty, as well as encouraged people in Latin America to be more openminded.Latin America includes more than 30 countries and areas located south of the United States in the American continent. From north to south, it starts from Mexico in North America, goes through the Caribbean and ends at the southernmost tip of South America.1.________ People can enjoy sunshine in the Caribbean islands, ride horses on the green grasslands of the Pampas, and explore volcanoes and snowcapped mountains in the Andes. It even has the world’s biggest rainforest—the Amazon. Many of the world’s most unique plants and animals live there.There is also a diverse mix of people in Latin America. 3.________ In countries like Mexico and Colombia, over half of the population is of mixed ethnicity. However, most of them speak the same languages—Spanish or Portuguese.4. ________ Latin American people have created the samba, rumba, chacha and tango. Thesedance styles require dancers to hold each other closely and move passionately.5.________Latin America is an open and romantic place. Its impressive natural environment, historical contributions and cultural traditions have made it unique and influential.A．It has natives, Africans and Europeans.B．Latin America’s environment is quite diverse.C．Where does the magic in his books come from?D．They are cheerful and can bring strangers together.E．The music and dance of Latin America are quite wellknown.F．Many people in Latin America have open and romantic hearts.G．To most people, Latin America is a land of happiness and passion.III.完形填空The happy new mother asked eagerly to see her baby. However, when she looked at his tiny face, she was __1__. The baby had been born without __2__．Fortunately, time __3__ that the baby’s hearing was perfect except his ruined appearance. He grew up, __4__ if there were not his misfortune. As a favorite with his classmates, he might have been class president, __5__ the misfortune. He developed a talent for literature and music. His parents __6__hoped that he had a perfect life.One day, his father spoke with the doctor, “Could __7__ be done？” “I believe I could __8__ a pair of outer ears __9__ they could be accessible.” The doctor decided. Therefore the __10__ began for a person who would make such a sacrifice.Two years went by. One day, his father said to the son, “You’re going to the __11__，son. We have someone who will __12__ the ears you need. But the identity of the donor is a secret.”The operation was a brilliant __13__，and a new person turned up. His talents blossomed into genius. Later, he married and entered the Diplomatic Service. One day, he asked his father, “Who gave me the ears? Who gave me so much? I could never do __14__ for him or her.” “I do not believe you could，” said the father, “but the agreement was that you are not __15__．..not yet.”The secret was __16__ for years, but the day did come. He stood with his father beside his mother’s casket(棺材). Slowly, __17__，the father reached out his hand and raised the thick, reddishbrown __18__ to find that the mother had no outer ears.“Mother said she was __19__ she never had her hair cut，” his father whispered, “and nobody ever thought Mother less __20__，did they？”1．A. angry B．embarrassedC．shocked D．curious2．A. eyes B．feetC．fingers D．ears3．A. proved B．lastedC．flew D．ignored4．A. tall B．handsomeC．short D．badlooking5．A. with B．in spite ofC．for D．but for6．A. still B．hardly C．almost D．ever 7．A. somebody B．everything C．nobody D．nothing 8．A. operate B．destroy C．transplant D．repair 9．A. if B．while C．although D．since 10．A. experiment B．search C．analysis D．operation 11．A. school B．library C．hospital D．bedroom 12．A. donate B．repair C．make D．sell 13．A. failure B．success C．honor D．damage 14．A. harm B．enough C．bad D．good 15．A. signed B．realized C．understood D．allowed 16．A. changed B．discussed C．spread D．kept 17．A. carelessly B．gently C．excitedly D．gradually 18．A. skirt B．hand C．hair D．quilt 19．A. depressed B．worried C．glad D．regretful 20．A. beautiful B．ugly C．respectable D．fashionableIV.短文语法填空Ancient people across Europe might have known more about the stars 1_________ we give them credit for,according to a new analysis of cave art from the University of Edinburgh.Some of the world's 2_________ (old)cave paintings are now thought to depict not wild animals as was previously thought, but constellations (星座）in the night sky. This 3_________ (suggest)that in these artworks, people were using the positions of constellations 4_________ (represent)dates, and mark events such as comets hitting Earth.The researchers looked at Palaeolithic and Neolithic art featuring animal symbols at sites in Turkey, Spain, France and Germany. The 5_________ (example)of art they looked at varied in age by tens of thousands of years, but the system for representing dates with constellations appears to be constant throughout. Some of the art in question dates back as far as 40,000 years ago. Scientists work out the age of cave art by chemically 6_________ (date) the paint used. The team compared these dates to 7_________ the night sky would have looked like during known points in history, by using software to simulate (模拟）the ancient sky. The positions of the stars in the night sky change 8_________（slow)over thousands of years, as the Earth's rotational axis shifts. This new analysis showsthat ancient people could define dates to within 250 years by using constellations as 9 _________ reference.＂Early cave art shows that people had advanced knowledge of the night sky within the last ice age, "said study leader Dr.Martin Sweatman. "Intellectually, hey were hardly any 10_________ (difference)from us today."V. 概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
英国文学作家作品
英国文学作家作品英国文学作家作品British Writers and WorksI.The Late Medieval Age Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400①The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德②The House of Fame声誉之宫The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人II The Renaissance1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599①The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历②Amoretti爱情小唱Epithalamion婚后曲Colin Clouts Come Home Againe柯林?克劳特回来了Foure Hymnes四首赞美歌2. Thomas More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535Utopia乌托邦3. Francis Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626Advancement of Learning学术的推进Novum Organum新工具Essays随笔4.Ben JonsonV olpone, or the fox5. Christopher Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人6.William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616the first periodHenry IVRichard IIIThe Comedy Of ErrorsTitus AndronicusThe Taming Of The ShrewThe Two Gentlemen Of The Verona Love?S Labour?S LostRomeo And Juliet罗密欧与朱利叶the second periodRichard IIA Midsummer Night?S DreamKing JohnMerchant Of Venice威尼斯商人Henry IV亨利四世Much Ado About NothingJulius Caesar尤利乌斯?凯撒As You Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth NightThe Third PeriodHamlet哈姆莱特Othello奥赛罗King Lear李尔王Macbeth麦克白Antony And Cleopatra安东尼与克里奥佩特拉Troilus And CressidaTimon Of AthensThe Fourth PeriodPericlesCymbelineThe Winter?S TaleThe TempestHenry ViiiPoetry:Venus And Adonis;The Rape Of Lucrece (Venus And Lucrece);The Passionate Pilgrim,The SonnetsIII The 17th Century1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674① Paradi se Lost失乐园Paradise Regained复乐园Samson Agonistes力士参孙②Areopagitica论出版自由The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688The Pilgrim?s Progress 天路历程The Life and Death of Mr. Badman败德先生传3. John Dryden约翰?德莱顿1631~1700An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗All for Love一切为了爱情Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔4. John Donne 约翰邓恩①Meditations 沉思录The Flea 虱子②Songs And SonnetsDevotions Upon Emergent OccasionsHoly SonnetsIV The 18th Century1.Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744①Essay on Criticism批评论The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记②Moral Essays道德论Essay on Man人论The Dunciad愚人记2. Samuel Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784①Dictionary =The Dictionary of English Language英语辞典The Lives of Great Poets诗人传②The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻London伦敦A Letter To His Patron3. James BoswellLife Of Johnson4.Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745Gulliver?s Travels格列佛游记A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议The Battle of Books书战A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信5. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记Moll FlandersColonel JacqueCaptain singleton6.Samuel Richardson塞缪尔?理查逊1689~1761Pamela (Virtue Rewarded) 帕米拉Clarissa Harhowe7. Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754①novelsThe History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆?琼斯The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫?安德鲁The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生?威尔德Amelia爱米利亚②playsThe Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国8. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774①poemsThe Traveller旅游人The Deserted Village荒村②novelThe Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传③playsThe Good Natured Man好心人 She Stoops to Conquer屈身求爱④essaysThe Citizens of the World世界公民9.Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816The Rivals情敌The School for Scandal造谣学校1o. William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827①Songs of Innocence天真之歌Songs of Experience经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻②The Chimney SweeperLondonThe Tyger11. Robert Burns罗伯特?彭斯1759~1796Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗John Anderson, My Jo约翰?安德生，我的爱人A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰Auld Long Syne往昔时光A Man?s a Man for A …That不管那一套My Heart?s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上Bruce At BannockburnThe Tree Of LibertyV The Romantic Age\ 1. William Wordsworth威廉?华兹华斯1770~1850Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集I Wondered Lonely As A CloudLines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyWe Are Seven我们是七个The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女The Prelude2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔?泰勒?科尔律治1772~1834The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔Kubla Khan忽必烈汗Frost at Night半夜冰霜Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂3. George Gordon Byron乔治?戈登?拜伦1788~1824①Don Juan唐?璜Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德?哈罗德尔游记Cain该隐②When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别She Walks In Beauty4.Persy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪莱1792~1822①Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯Queen Mab麦步女王Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛The Cenci钦契一家The Masque of Anarchy,专制者的假面游行②Ode to the West Wind西风颂To a Skylark致云雀5. John Keats约翰?济慈1795~1821Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂Ode to Autumn秋颂Ode On Melancholy6. Charles Lamb查尔斯?兰姆1775~1834The essays of eliot 伊利亚文集Old familiar faces 老面孔Dream children; a reverie 梦中儿女A dissertation upon toast pig 烤乳猪论7. Walter Scott沃尔特?斯科特1771~1832Rob Roy 罗伯?罗伊Ivanhoe 艾凡赫The Lady of the Lake 湖上夫人Waverley 威弗利Guy Mannering 盖曼纳令VI The Victorian Age1. Charles Dickens查尔斯?狄更斯1812~1870Sketches by Boz波兹特写The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传Oliver Twist奥利弗?特维斯特（雾都孤儿）The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店Barnaby Rudge巴纳比?拉奇American Notes美国杂记Martin Chuzzlewit马丁?朱淑尔维特A Christmas Carol圣诞颂歌The Chimes教堂钟声The Cricket on the Hearth灶上蟋蟀Dombey and Son董贝父子David Copperfield大卫?科波菲尔Bleak House荒凉山庄Hard Times艰难时世Little Dorrit小杜丽A Tale of Two Cities双城记Great Expectations远大前程Our Mutual Friend我们共同的朋友Edwin Drood艾德温?朱特2. William Makepeace Thackeray威廉?麦克匹斯?萨克雷1811~1863V anity Fair名利场The History Of Pendennis潘登尼斯The Book Of SnobsThe History of Henry Esmond亨利?埃斯蒙德3. Jane Austen简?奥斯丁1775~1817Sense and Sensibility理智与情感Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Emma爱玛Persuasion劝导4. Charlotte Bronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855Jane Eyre简?爱Shirley雪莉Professor教师5. Emily Bronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄Old Stoic6. Mrs. GaskellMary Barton\7. George Eliot乔治?艾略特1819~1880The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊Adam Bede亚当?比德Silas Marner织工马南Middlemarch米德尔马契8. Alfred Tennyson阿尔弗莱德?丁尼生1809~1892In Memoriam悼念Break, Break, Break冲击、冲击、冲击Idylls of the King国王叙事诗9. Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889The Ring and the Book环与书Men and Women男男女女Dramatic Lyrics戏剧抒情诗Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戏剧故事及抒情诗Dramatic Personae登场人物My Last Dutchess 我已故的公爵夫人Pippa Passes 皮帕走过去Home Thoughts From Abroad10. Elizabeth Barrett Browning伊丽莎白?芭蕾特?白朗宁1806~1861Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行诗The Cry of the Children孩子们的哭声11. John Ruskin约翰?罗斯金1819~1900Modern Painters现代画家The Seven Lamps of Architecture建筑的七盏明灯12. William morrisNews From NowhereA Dream Of John Ball13.Robert Louis StevensonTreasure IslandKidnapped14.Oscar Wilde奥斯卡?王尔德1856~1900①ComediesThe Importance Of Being Earnest认真的重要Lady Windermere?s Fan温德米尔夫人的扇子A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫②TragedySolome 莎乐美③NovelThe Picture Of Dorian Gray多利安?格雷的画像④PoemsThe Grave Of KeatsDe Profundis 惨痛的呼声The Ballad Of Reading Gaol 累丁狱中歌⑤Fairy StoriesThe Happy Prince And Other Tales快乐王子故事集VII 1900~1950 The 20th Century Part 1 all the writers1.Novelists (Realists)①Samuel Butler②George Meredith③Herbert George Wells④Rudyard Kipling⑤Arnold Benett⑥Joseph Concrad⑦William Somerset Maugham⑧Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)⑨Thomas Hardy⑩John Gasworthy2.Playwrights①John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )②Sean O?Casey③George Bernard Shaw④Oscar Wilde3.Modernists3 Novelists①James Joyce②David Herbert Lawrence③Virgirnia Woolf2 Poets①W. B. Yeats (William Butler Yeats )②T.S. Eliot ( Thomas Sterns Eliot )Part 2 Minor Novelists And Minor Dramatists1.Minor Novelists①Samuel ButlerThe Way Of All Flesh （众生之路）Erewhon （艾瑞洪）②George MeredithThe Egoist （利己主义者）③Herbert George WellsThe Time Machine 时间机器④Rudyard KiplingKim 基姆The Jungle Book 莽林丛书The Lost Legion 失去的军团⑤Arnold BenettThe Old Wives? Tale 老妇谈The “Five Towns” Stories 五镇小说⑥Joseph ConcradLord Jim 吉姆爷Heart Of Darkness 黑暗的心An Outpost Progress 文明的前哨Youth 青年人⑦William Somerset MaughamOf Human Bondage 人性的枷锁⑧Edward Morgan Foster (E.M.Foster)A Passage To India 印度之行Hawards End 霍华兹别墅2.Minor Dramatists①John Millington Synge (J.M.Synge )The Playboy Of The Western World 西方世界的花花公子Riders To The Sea 奔向大海的骑手②Sean O?CaseyThe Shadow Of A Gunman 枪手的影子Juno And Paycock 朱诺与孔雀I Knock At The Door 我敲门The Plough And Star 犁与星Part 3 novelists1. Thomas Hardy托马斯?哈代1840~1928NovelsTess Of The D?Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝Jude The Obscure无名的裘德Under The Greenwood Tree绿荫下Far From The Madding Crowd远离尘嚣The Mayor Of Casterbridge卡斯特桥市长A Pair Of Blue Eyes一双蓝眼睛The Trumpet Major号兵长Desperate Remedies非常手段The Hand Of Ethelberta艾塞尔伯塔的婚姻PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国2. John Galsworthy约翰?高尔斯华绥1867~1933Novels①Two TrilogiesThe Man Of Property 有产者Three Novels In Chancery 进退维谷To Let 出租A The Forsyte Saga.The Indian Summer Of A ForsyteTwo InterludesAwakeningA Silent WooingTwo InterludesPassers- ByB. A Modern ComedyThe White Monkey 白猿Three Novels The Silver Spoon 银匙Swan Song 天鹅之歌②The End Of The Chapter一章的结束PlaysThe Silver Box 银盒子Strife 战争3. David Herbert Lawrence戴维?赫伯特?劳伦斯1885~1930 Sons And Lovers儿子与情人The Rainbow虹Women In Love恋爱中的女人Lady Chatterley’s Lover查特莱夫人的情人The White Peacock 白孔雀Kangaroo 袋鼠The Plumed Serpent 羽蛇The Rocking- Horse Winner 木马赢家Aron?S Rod 亚伦之杖4 . James Joyce詹姆斯?乔伊斯1882~1941Ulysses尤利西斯A Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man一个青年艺术家的肖像Finnegans Wake芬尼根的苏醒Dubliners都柏林人5. Virginia Woolf弗吉尼娅?沃尔芙1882~1941NovelsMrs Dalloway达洛维夫人The WindowTo The Lighthouse到灯塔去Time PassesThe Waves浪 The LighthouseThe V oyage Out 出航Night And Day 夜与日Jacob?s Room 雅各布的房间Orlando 奥兰朵The Years 岁月Between The Acts 幕间Critical EssaysModern Fiction 现代小说The Common Reader 普通读者Three Guineas 三个齑尼Short StoryThe New Dress6. William ButlerYeats威廉?勃特勒?叶茨1865~1939collections①The Wandering Of Oisin And Other Poems 漫游的奥辛及其他The Wind Among The Reeds 苇风Responsibilities 责任②The Wild Swans At Coole 库尔的野天鹅Michael Robartes And The Dancer 迈克尔.罗巴兹和舞者The T ower 塔The Winding Stair 旋转的楼梯PoemsEaster 1916The Second Coming 第二次来临/再世A Deep-Sworn V owSailing To Byzantium 到拜占庭航行Leda And The Swan 丽达与天鹅Crazy Jane 疯简PlaysThe Land Of Heart?S Desire 理想的国土The Hour Glass 时漏Dedidre 黛德尔BookA Vision 幻象7. Thomas Sterns EliotPoems①The Waste Landa.The Burial Of The Dead 死者的葬仪b. A Game Of Chess 对翌c.The Fire Sermon 火诫d.Death By Water 水里的死亡e.What The Thunder Said 雷霆的话②Four Quartetsa.Burnt Nortonb.East Cokerc.The Dry Salvagesd.Little Gidding③The Love Song Of J. Alfred PrufrockHollow Man 空心人Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三Prelude 序曲PlaysMurder In The Cathedral 大教堂谋杀案The Family Reunion 家庭团聚The Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会The Confidential Clerk 机要秘书The Rock 岩石Sweeny Agonistes 力士斯威尼Critical EssaysThe Sacred Wood 圣林Tradition And The Individual Talent 传统与个人天才The Use Of Poetry And The Use Of Criticism 诗歌的用途与评论的用途The Function Of Criticism 批评的功能8．George Bernard Shaw乔治?伯纳?萧1856~1950Plays①Plays UnpleasantMrs Warren’S Profession华伦夫人的职业Widowers?Houses 鳏夫的房产②Plays PleasantCandidaArms And Man 武器与人The Man Of Destiny 左右命运的人③Three Plays For PuritansThe Devil?S Disciple 魔鬼的门徒Caesar And Cleopatra④Ot her PlaysMan And Superman 人与超人Major Barbara 巴巴拉少校Pygmalion 匹格玛利翁Heartbreak House 伤心之家The Apple Cart 苹果车Saint Joan 圣女贞德Too True To Be Good 真相毕露John Bull?S Other Island 英国佬的另一个岛Androcles And The Lion 安克斯和狮You Never Can Tell 你决不能讲NovelAn Unsocial SocialistEssaysThe Dictatorship Of The ProletariatThe Quintessence Of Ibsenism。
了不起的盖茨比-CHAPTER TWO
affectation vanity Behind the times
Mr.Wilson:
“Works pretty slow, don’t he?” “No, he doesn’t,” said Tom coldly. “And if you feel that way about it, maybe I’d better sell it somewhere else after all.” “I don’t mean that,” explained Wilson quickly. “I just meant--"他干得很慢，是不是？" "不，他干得不慢，"汤姆冷冷地说，"如果你有这样的 看法，也许我还是把它拿到别处去卖为好。" "我不是这个意思，"威尔逊连忙解释，"我只是说……" “Wilson? He thinks she goes to see her sister in New York. He’s so dumb he doesn’t know he’s alive.” "威尔逊？他以为她是到纽约去看她妹妹。他蠢得要命， 连自己活着都不知道。"
PART 2
Characters introdyrtle） Mr.Wilson McKees Catherine
The dog vendor
spousal relationship
McKees
Tom:
and his determination to have my company bordered on violence. 他硬要我陪他的做法近乎暴力行为 "Go and buy ten more dogs with it.” 给你钱。拿去再买十只狗。 “Daisy! Daisy! Daisy!” shouted Mrs. Wilson. “I’ll say it whenever I want to! Daisy! Dai——” Making a short deft movement, Tom Buchanan broke her nose with his open hand. "黛西！黛西！黛西！"威尔逊太太大喊大叫，"我什么时候想 叫就叫！黛西！黛……" 汤姆· 布坎农动作敏捷，伸出手一巴掌打破了威尔逊太太的鼻 子。
《百万英磅》小说英文原版
《百万英磅》小说英文原版第一篇：《百万英磅》小说英文原版The 1,000,000 Bank-Note Mark TwainWhen I was twenty-seven years old, I was a mining-broker's clerk in San Francisco, and an expert in all the details of stock traffic.I was alone in the world, and had nothing to depend upon but my wits and a clean reputation;but these were setting my feet in the road to eventual fortune, and I was content with the prospect.My time was my own after the afternoon board, Saturdays, and I was accustomed to put it in on a little sail-boat on the bay.One day I ventured too far, and was carried out to sea.Just at nightfall, when hope was about gone, I was picked up by a small brig which was bound for London.It was a long and stormy voyage, and they made me work my passage without pay, as a common sailor.When I stepped ashore in London my clothes were ragged and shabby, and I had only a dollar in my pocket.This money fed and sheltered me twenty-four hours.During the next twenty-four I went without food and shelter.About ten o'clock on the following morning, seedy and hungry, I was dragging myself along Portland Place, when a child that was passing, towed by a nurse-maid, tossed a luscious big pearinto the gutter.I stopped, of course, and fastened my desiring eye on that muddy treasure.My mouth watered for it, my stomach craved it, my whole being begged for it.But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent, and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all.This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear.I was just getting desperate enough to brave all theshame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying:“Step in here, please.”I was admitted by a gorgeous flunkey, and shown into a sumptuous room where a couple of elderly gentlemen were sitting.They sent away the servant, and made me sit down.They had just finished their breakfast, and the sight of the remains of it almost overpowered me.I could hardly keep my wits together in the presence of that food, but as I was not asked to sample it, I had to bear my trouble as best I could.< 2 >Now, something had been happening there a little before, which I did not know anything about until a good many days afterwards, but I will tell you about it now.Those two old brothers had been having a pretty hot argument a couple of days before, and had ended by agreeing to decide it by a bet, which is the English way of settling everything.You will remember that the Bank of England once issued two notes of a million pounds each, to be used for a special purpose connected with some public transaction with a foreign country.For some reason or other only one of these had been used and canceled;the other still lay in the vaults of the Bank.Well, the brothers, chatting along, happened to get to wondering what might be the fate of a perfectly honest and intelligent stranger who should be turned adrift in London without a friend, and with no money but that million-pound bank-note, and no way to account for his being in possession of it.Brother A said he would starve to death;Brother B said he wouldn't.Brother A said he couldn't offer it at a bank or anywhere else, because he would be arrested on the spot.So they went on disputing till Brother B said he would bet twenty thousand pounds that the man would live thirty days, anyway, on thatmillion, and keep out of jail, too.Brother A took him up.Brother B went down to the Bank and bought that note.Just like an Englishman, you see;pluck to the backbone.Then he dictated a letter, which one of his clerks wrote out in a beautiful round hand, and then the two brothers sat at the window a whole day watching for the right man to give it to.They saw many honest faces go by that were not intelligent enough;many that were intelligent, but not honest enough;many that were both, but the possessors were not poor enough, or, if poor enough, were not strangers.There was always a defect, until I came along;but they agreed that I filled the bill all around;so they elected me unanimously, and there I was now waiting to know why I was called in.They began to ask me questions about myself, and pretty soon they had my story.Finally they told me I would answer their purpose.I said I was sincerely glad, and asked what it was.Then one of them handed me an envelope, and said I would find the explanation inside.I was going to open it, but he said no;take it to my lodgings, and look it over carefully, and not be hasty or rash.I was puzzled, and wanted to discuss the matter a little further, but they didn't;so I took my leave, feeling hurt and insulted to be made the butt of what was apparently some kind of a practical joke, and yet obliged to put up with it, not being in circumstances to resent affronts from rich and strong folk.< 3 >I would have picked up the pear now and eaten it before all the world, but it was gone;so I had lost that by this unlucky business, and the thought of it did not soften my feeling towards those men.As soon as I was out of sight of that house I opened my envelope, and saw that it contained money!My opinion of those people changed, I can tell you!I lost not a moment, but shoved note and money into my vest pocket, and broke for thenearest cheap eating house.Well, how I did eat!When at last I couldn't hold any more, I took out my money and unfolded it, took one glimpse and nearly fainted.Five millions of dollars!Why, it made my head swim.I must have sat there stunned and blinking at the note as much as a minute before I came rightly to myself again.The first thing I noticed, then, was the landlord.His eye was on the note, and he was petrified.He was worshiping, with all his body and soul, but he looked as if he couldn't stir hand or foot.I took my cue in a moment, and did the only rational thing there was to do.I reached the note towards him, and said, carelessly: “Give me the change, please.”Then he was restored to his normal condition, and made a thousand apologies for not being able to break the bill, and I couldn't get him to touch it.He wanted to look at it, and keep on looking at it;he couldn't seem to get enough of it to quench the thirst of his eye, but he shrank from touching it as if it had been something too sacred for poor common clay to handle.I said: “I am sorry if it is an inconvenience, but I must insist.Please change it;I haven't anything else.”But he said that wasn't any matter;he was quite willing to let the trifle stand over till another time.I said I might not be in his neighborhood again for a good while;but he said it was of no consequence, he could wait, and, moreover, I could have anything I wanted, any time I chose, and let the account run as long as I pleased.He said he hoped he wasn't afraid to trust as rich a gentleman as I was, merely because I was of a merry disposition, and chose to play larks on the public in the matter of dress.By this time another customer was entering, and the landlord hinted to me to put the monster out of sight;then he bowed me all the way to the door, and I started straight for thathouse and those brothers, to correct the mistake which had been made before the police should hunt me up, and help me do it.I was pretty nervous;in fact, pretty badly frightened, though, of course, I was no way in fault;but I knew men well enough to know that when they find they've given a tramp a million-pound bill when they thought it was a one-pounder, they are in a frantic rage against him instead of quarreling with their own near-sightedness, as they ought.As I approached the house my excitement began to abate, for all was quiet there, which made me feel pretty sure the blunder was not discovered yet.I rang.The same servant appeared.I asked for those gentlemen.< 4 > “They are gone.” This in the lofty, cold way of that fellow's tribe.“Gone? Gone where?”“On a journey.”“But whereabouts?”“To the Continent, I think.”“The Continent?”“Yes, sir.”“Which wayin Egypt and India, I think.”“Man, there's been an immense mistake made.They'll be back before night.Will you tell them I've been here, and that I will keep coming till it's all made right, and they ne edn't be afraid?”“I'll tell them, if they come back, but I am not expecting them.They said you would be here in an hour to make inquiries, but I must tell you it's all right, they'll be here on time and expect you.”So I had to give it up and go away.What a riddle it all was!I was like to lose my mind.They would be here “on time.” What could that mean? Oh, the letter would explain, maybe.I had forgotten the letter;I got it out and read it.This is what it said:“You are an intelligent and honest man, as one may see by your face.We conceive you to be poor and a stranger.Enclosed you will find a sum of money.It is lent to you for thirty days, without interest.Report at this house at the end of that time.I have a bet on you.If I win it you shall have any situation that is in my giftlet it go.They've got a game, or a scheme, or an experiment, of some kind on hand;no way to determine what it islet it go.That disposes of the indeterminable quantities;the remainder of the matter is tangible, solid, and may be classed and labeled with certainty.If I ask the Bank of England to place this bill to the credit of the man it belongs to, they'll do it, for they know him, although I don't;but they will ask me how I came in possession of it, and if I tell the truth, they'll put me in the asylum, naturally, and a lie will land me in jail.The same result would follow if I tried to bank the bill anywhere or to borrow money on it.I have got to carry this immense burden around until those men come back, whether I want to or not.It is useless to me, as useless as a handful of ashes, and yet I must take care of it, and watch over it, while I beg my living.I couldn't give it away, if I should try, for neither honest citizen nor highwayman would accept it or meddle with it for anything.Those brothers are safe.Even if I lose their bill, or burn it, they are still safe, because they can stop payment, and the Bank will make them whole;but meantime I've got to do a month's suffering without wages or profita born fool.Always doing something like this.Drives every millionaire away from this place, because he can't tell a millionaire from a tramp, and never could.Ah, here's the thing I am after.Please get those things off, sir, and throw them in the fire.Do me the favor to put on this shirt and this suit;it's just the thing, the very thingyou may know him, sir, his Serene Highnessthe Hospodar of Halifax;had to leave it with us and take a mourning-suit because his mother was going to diethat is, the way theyLord!look at that, now!Perfectand so on.Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for dress-suits, morning suits, shirts, and all sorts of things.When I got a chance I said:”But, my dear sir, I can't give these orders, unless you can wait indefinitely, or change the bill.“”Indefinitely!It's a weak word, sir, a weak word.Eternallylet me show you out, sir.Therethe accolade, so to speakI mean within my salary.Of course, I couldn't know what my salary was going to be, but I had a good enough basis for an estimate in the fact, that if I won the bet I was to have choice of any situation in that rich old gentleman's gift provided I was competentI could see it without glasses.There was still another guest, an Americanthe--“”Vest-pocket monster? I am, indeed.Don't be afraid to call me by my nickname;I'm used to it.“”Well, well, well, this is a surprise.Once or twice I've seen your own name coupled with the nickname, but it never occurred to me that you could be the Henry Adams referred to.Why, it isn't six months since you were clerking away for Blake Hopkins in Frisco on a salary, and sitting up nights on an extra allowance, helping me arrange and verify the Gould and Curry Extension papers and statistics.The idea of your being in London, and a vast millionaire, and a colossal celebrity!Why, it's the Arabian Nights come again.Man, I can't take it in at all;can't realize it;give me time to settle the whirl in my head.“”The fact is, Lloyd, you are no worse off than I am.I can't realize it myself.“< 12 >”Dear me, it is stunni ng, now isn't it? Why, it's just three months today since we went to the Miners' restaurant--“”No;the What Cheer.“”Right, it was the What Cheer;went there at two in the morning, and had a chop and coffee after a hard six-hours grind over those Extension papers, and I tried to persuade you to come to London with me, and offered to get leave of absence for you and pay all your expenses, and give you something over if I succeeded in making the sale;and you would not listen to me, said I wouldn't succeed, and you couldn't afford to lose the run of business and be no end of time getting the hang of things again when you got back home.And yet here you are.How odd it all is!How did you happen to come, and whatever did give you this incredible start?“”Oh, just an accident.It's a long storylord!I could go down on my knees for it!“He gripped my hand hard, and braced up, and was all right and lively after that for the dinnerthe matter of precedence couldn't be settled, and so there was no dinner.Englishmen always eat dinner before they go out to dinner, because they know the risks they are running;but nobody ever warns the stranger, and so he walks placidly into trap.Of course, nobody was hurt this time, because we had all been to dinner, none of us being novices excepting Hastings, and he having been informed by the minister at the time that he invited him that in deference to the English custom he had not provided any dinner.Everybody took a lady and processioned down to the dining-room, because it is usual to go through the motions;but there the dispute began.The Duke of Shoreditch wanted to take precedence, andsit at the head of the table, holding that he outranked a minister who represented merely a nation and not a monarch;but I stood for my rights, and refused to yield.In the gossip column I ranked all dukes not royal, and said so, and claimed precedence of this one.It couldn't be settled, of course, struggle as we might and did, he finally(and injudiciously)trying to play birth and antiquity, and I ”seeing“ his Conqueror and ”raising“ him with Adam, whose direct posterity I was, as shown by my name, while he was of a collateral branch, as shown by his, and by his recent Norman origin;so we all processioned back to the drawing-room again and had a perpendicular lunchthey don't care whichI did, indeedwell, she blushed till her hair turned red, but she liked it;she said she did.Oh, there was never such an evening!Every time I pegged I put on a postscript;every time she pegged she acknowledged receipt of it, counting the hands the same.Why, I couldn't even say ”Two for his heels“ without adding, ”My, how sweet you do look!“ and she would say, ”Fifteen two, fifteen four, fifteen six, and a pair are eight, and eight are sixteenpeeping out aslant from under her lashes, you know, so sweet and cunning.Oh, it was just too-too!Well, I was perfectly honest and square with her;told her I hadn't a cent in the world but just the million-pound note she'd heard so much talk about, and it didn't belong to me, and that started her curiosity;and then I talked low, and told her the whole history right from the start, and it nearly killed her laughing.What in the nation she could find to laugh about I couldn't see, but there it was;every half-minute some new detail would fetch her, and I would have to stop as much as a minute and a half to give her a chance to settle down again.Why, she laughed herself lamea story of a person's troubles and worries and fearswould itbe quite proper, do you think?“”No, I don't know that it wouldit's just a palace!And in it everything a body could desire, including cosy coal fire and supper standing ready.Henry, it doesn't merely make me realize how rich you are;it makes me realize, to the bone, to the marrow, how poor I amthat is, I hadn't been allowing myself to know it for a while back;but nowoh, would neveryou're hungry;sit down and--“”Not a bite for me;I'm past it.I can't eat, these days;but I'll drink with you till I e!“”Barrel for barrel, I'm with you!Ready? Here we go!Now, then, Lloyd, unr eel your story while I brew.“”Unreel it? What, again?“”Again? What do you mean by that?“”Why, I mean do you want to hear it over again?“”Do I want to hear it over again? This is a puzzler.Wait;don't take any more of that liquid.You don't need it.“”Loo k here, Henry, you alarm me.Didn't I tell you the whole story on the way here?“”You?“”Yes, I.“”I'll be hanged if I heard a word of it.“”Henry, this is a serious thing.It troubles me.What did you take up yonder at the minister's?“< 17 >Then it all flashed on me, and I owned up like a man.”I took the dearest girl in this worldabsolutely penniless, and in debt!“ But a white-hot idea came flaming through my head, and I gripped my jaws together, and calmed myself down till I was as cold as a capitalist.Then I said, in a commercial and self-possessed way:”I will save you, Lloyd--“”Then I'm already saved!God be merciful to you forever!If ever I--“< 18 >”Let me finish, Lloyd.I will save you, but not in that way;for that would not be fair to you, after your hard work, and the risks you've run.I don't need to buy mines;I can keep my capital moving, in a commercial center like London, without that;it's what I'm at, all the time;but here is what I'll do.I know all about that mine, of course;I know its immense value, and can swear to it if anybody wishes it.You shall sell out inside of the fortnight for three millions cash, using my name freely, and we'll divide, share and share alike.“Do you know, he would have danced the furniture to kindling-wood in his insane joy, and broken everything on the place, if I hadn't tripped him up and tied him.Then he lay there, perfectly happy, saying:”I may use your name!Your namewell, it was just lovely of them!< 19 >When the month was up at last, I had a million dollars to my credit in the London and County Bank, and Hastings was fixed in the same way.Dressed at my level best, I drove by the house in Portland Place, judged by the look of things that my birds were home again, went on towards the minister's and got my precious, and we started back, talking salary with all our might.She was so excited and anxious that it made her just intolerably beautiful.I said:“Dearie, the way you're looking it's a crime to strike for asalary a single penny under three thousand a year.”“Henry, Henry, you'll ruin us!”“Don't you be afraid.Just keep up those looks, and trust to me.It'll all come out right.”So, as it turned out, I had to keep bolstering up her courage all the way.She kept pleading with me, and saying:“Oh, please remember that if we ask for too much we may get no salary at all;and then what will become of us, with no way in the world to earn our living?”We were ushered in by that same servant, and there they were, the two old gentlemen.Of course, they were surprised to see that wonderful creature with me, but I said:“It's all right, gentlemen;she is my future stay and helpmate.”And I introduced them to her, and called them by name.It didn't surprise them;they knew I would know enough to consult the directory.They seated us, and were very polite to me, and very solicitous to relieve her from embarrassment, and put her as much at her ease as they could.Then I said:“Gentlemen, I am ready to report.”“We are glad to hear it,” said my man, “for now we can decide the bet which my brother Abel and I made.If you have won for me, you shall have any situation in my gift.Have you the million-pound note?”< 20 >“Here it is, sir,” and I handed it to him.“I've won!” he shouted, and slapped Abel on the back.“Now what do you say, brother?”“I say he did survive, and I've lost twenty thousand pounds.I never would have believed it.”“I've a further report to make,” I said, “and a pretty longone.I want you to let me come soon, and detail my whole month's history;and I promise you it's worth hearing.Meantime, take a look at that.”“What, man!Certificate of deposit for ?00,000.Is it yours?”“Mine.I earned it by thirty days' judicious use of that little loan you let me have.And the only use I made of it was to buy trifles and offer the bill in change.”“Come, this is astonishing!It's incredible, man!”“Never mind, I'll prove it.Don't take my word unsupported.”But now Portia's turn was come to be surprised.Her eyes were spread wide, and she said:“Henry, is that really your money? Have you been fibbing to me?”“I have, indeed, dearie.But you'll forgive me, I know.”She put up an arch pout, and said:“Don't you be so sure.You are a naughty thing to deceive me so!”“Oh, you'll get over it, sweetheart, you'll get over it;it was only fun, you know.Co me, let's be going.”“But wait, wait!The situation, you know.I want to give you the situation,” said my man.“Well,” I said, “I'm just as grateful as I can be, but really I don't want one.”< 21 >“But you can have the very choicest one in my gift.”“Thanks again, with all my heart;but I don't even want that one.”“Henry, I'm ashamed of you.You don't half thank the good gentleman.May I do it for you?”“Indeed, you shall, dear, if you can improve it.Let us see you try.”She walked to my man, got up in his lap, put her arm round his neck, and kissed him right on the mouth.Then the two old gentlemen shouted with laughter, but I was dumfounded, just petrified, as you may say.Portia said:“Papa, he has said you haven't a situation in your gift that he'd take;and I feel just as hurt as--”“My darling, is that your papa?”“Yes;he's my step-papa, and the dearest one that ever was.You understand now, don't you, why I was able to laugh when you told me at the minister's, not knowing my relationships, what trouble and worry papa's and Uncle Abel's scheme was giving you?”Of course, I spoke right up now, without any fooling, and went straight to the point.“Oh, my dearest dear sir, I want to take back what I said.You have got a situation open that I want.”“Name it.”“Son-in-law.”“Well, well, well!But you know, if you haven't ever served in that capacity, you, of course, can't furnish recommendations of a sort to satisfy the conditions of the contract, and so--”“Try me-oh, do, I beg of you!Only just try me thirty or forty years, and if--”“Oh, well, all right;it's but a little thing to ask, take her along.”< 22 >Happy, we two? There are not words enough in the unabridged to describe it.And when London got the whole history, a day or two later, of my month's adventures with that bank-note, and how they ended, did London talk, and have a good time? Yes.My Portia's papa took that friendly and hospitable bill back to the Bank of England and cashed it;thenthe Bank canceled it and made him a present of it, and he gave it to us at our wedding, and it has always hung in its frame in the sacredest place in our home ever since.For it gave me my Portia.But for it I could not have remained in London, would not have appeared at the minister's, never should have met her.And so I always say, “Yes, it's a million-pounder, as you see;but it never made but one purchase in its life, and then got the article for only about a tenth part of its value.”第二篇：《百万英磅》读后感今天，我读了《百万英磅》，《百万英磅》读后感。
论弗罗斯特《摘苹果之后》中的死亡隐喻
论弗罗斯特《摘苹果之后》中的死亡隐喻发布时间：2022-07-21T08:53:03.876Z 来源：《时代教育》2022年5期作者：刘沛婷[导读] 乔治·莱考夫和马克?约翰逊于《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书中指出隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手法，更是一种思维方式刘沛婷湖南师范大学，湖南长沙 410006摘要：乔治·莱考夫和马克?约翰逊于《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书中指出隐喻不仅仅是一种修辞手法，更是一种思维方式，在人们的日常语言和活动中无所不在。
诗歌是高度隐喻化的体裁，本文就将以弗罗斯特的短诗——《摘苹果之后》为例，通过挖掘诗歌中的结构隐喻、方位隐喻和本体隐喻，深刻剖析弗罗斯特的死亡观建构，为该诗的解读提供新的维度，也有助于丰富该理论的应用范畴。
关键词:《摘苹果之后》；结构隐喻；方位隐喻；本体隐喻；死亡On death metaphors in Frost’s “After Apple-Picking”Peiting LiuHunan Normal University, Hunan Changsha 410006Abstract: George Lakoff and Mark Johnson put forward in their book Metaphors We Live By that metaphor is not only a figure of speech but a way of thinking, pervasive in everyday language and action. Since poetry is highly metaphorical, this thesis is to explore how Robert Lee Frost construct his insight of death through structural metaphors, orientational metaphors as well as ontological metaphors in his short poem “After Apple-Picking”, with the hope to provide a new dimension for the interpretation of the poem and to expand the application scope of the theory. Key words: “After Apple-Picking”; structural metaphors; orientational metaphors; ontological metaphors; death 1.IntroductionLakoff and Johnson in their monograph Metaphors We Live Вy, point out that metaphor not only can be understood from the figurative perspective, but is the thinking way.[1] Ungerer and Schmid hold that conceptual metaphor, as a cognitive instrument, is not just a stylistically dramatic way of expressing thoughts by means of literary language, but a way of thinking.[2] K?vecses has put that conceptual metaphor is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in terms of another conceptual domain.[3] On the basis of the cognitive approach to the understanding of conceptual metaphor, it can be divided into structural metaphor, orientational metaphor and ontological metaphor. The development of conceptual metaphor theory has brought advance to Linguistics, Anthology, Literature and so on.Robert Lee Frost commands an important place in any list of outstanding poets in the twentieth century. His poem “After Apple-picking” is written in the first person. The speaker is an orchard worker who has picked apples long and hard but is now on the verge of being overwhelmed by fatigue and the depth of the experience. On the edge of falling sleep, he remembers not only the ripe apples successfully picked but also those that fell and were considered damaged and had to be sent to the cider mill. He knows that his sleep will be troubled by the failures more than by the successes. He is not sure about the nature of the sleep he is about to drop into—whether it will be ordinary sleep, more like a hibernation, or more like death.The entire poem is a kind of extended metaphor, in which the activity of harvesting apples represents people’ life and the speaker’s falling asleep suggests human death.As a classical literary work, the study of this poem mostly focuses on its rhythm and writing devices. The analysis of multiple themes and symbols has always been the research hotspot of literature works. Li Yingxue discussed the fuzziness of the meaning of poetry from the perspective of deconstruction, and there are many scholars who explore metaphors in Frost’s other poems.[4] Few people applied it to analyze “After Apple-Picking”. Therefore, this paper is to discuss how Frost structures his thoughts on death metaphorically by describing a laborer’s picking apples. The first three chapters of this thesis illustrate Frost’s views of death through the construction of structural metaphors, orientational metaphors and ontological metaphors in “After Apple-Picking” respectively. At last it is followed by a logical conclusion of this thesis.2.Structural MetaphorsIn structural metaphor, one greatly structured and explicitly delineated concept is applied to structure another. As Lakoff and Johnson point out that one domain of conceptual metaphor is metaphorically structured in light of another. Structural metaphor allows its source domain to offer a comparatively rich knowledge structure for the target domain, that is to say, the cognitive function of structural metaphor is to enable audiences to understand the target domain by the structure of the source domain. The poem “After Apple-Picking” include two key conceptual metaphors: DEATH IS SLEEP and PEOPLE ARE PLANTS.2.1 DEATH IS SLEEPFrost chooses a laborer who is overtired with apple-picking and falls asleep to reflect his insight of death. Hence the poem can be understood as a mapping from a source domain (sleep) to a target domain (death). The mapping is tightly structured. There are ontological correspondences. The dead correspond to those who have a sound sleep. The retrospection before death corresponds to the unconscious state near sleep. The darkness corresponds to the night. The cease of life corresponds to the stillness and motionlessness of sleep. As Lakoff puts it, “people use a concrete source domain to describe an abstract target domain.”[5] Death is an abstract concept, which can be understood vividly through the concept of sleep. The word “sleep”has been repeated five times. “Winter sleep” suggests the emotion of being decayed, forlorn and silent triggered by death because winter, in the metaphoric meanings, has strong associations with death.[6] Another euphemistic expression of death is “long sleep”, which is indicative of its permanence. “Human sleep” is the most evident reflection of conceptualization of death as sleep, showing that human death is what Frost has discussed. In the light of sleep, Frost’s “After Apple-Picking” is no longer a lyrical poem of a worker’s experience on the orchard farm and fatigue aftera day’s labor, but a profound thought on life and death through an extended conceptual metaphor of death as sleep.2.2 PEOPLE ARE PLANTSBoth man and tree are living beings that go through birth and wither, and the achievements of man are kin to the fruits of plants. “Apples I didn’t pick upon some bough” correspond to those unfilled dreams while apples that “struck the earth/ No matter if not bruised or spilled with stubble”correspond to people’s failed pursuits. The scent of apples refers to delight and satisfaction brought by success. In Frost’s poem, the act of apple-picking is a metaphor for the fruits the speaker has achieved in life.[7] It is universally acknowledged that success is what people desire and is something enjoyable. However, the speaker is overtired of the great harvest and wished to rest, which illustrates that the speaker has been bored with worldly sense of accomplishment and hopes to simple have a dream and a “long sleep”. Due to the sweet smell of the apple, the narrator actually falls asleep after fatigue and he enters into “long sleep”(death) with a sense of emptiness resulted from the excessive fruits he has gathered. The speaker’s experience reveals the poet’s meditation on life that it is futile people achieve a great deal of success but eventually own nothing after death. Therefore, the poet don’t ponder on human sleep for no reason but he penetrates the meaninglessness of long tough life struggles.The two root metaphors are carefully chosen to reflect Frost’s philosophy on death. This also confirms the cognitive value of metaphor, that is, vehicles(such as sleep) are usually well known to readers, and their features and structures will be mapped to relatively unfamiliar things when they interact with tenor (such as death) to help readers understand the characteristics and structures of ontology. The characteristics of sleep are mapped to the characteristics of death. Frost’ poem “After Apple-Picking” is not only a pastoral work of rural world in orchard farm but also a thought-provoking poem on death. The end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfillment yet finds him blocked from success by winter’s approach and physical weariness. The futility that what people achieved as a result resembles fallen apples of no worth leads to fatigue and wish to seek relief in sleep, that is death. Therefore, this seemingly idyllic poem is in fact the ultimate exploration of human destiny through the metaphors of death as sleep and people as plants.3.Orientational MetaphorsOrientational metaphors do not structure one concept in terms of another but instead organize a whole system of concepts with respect to one another.[1] Most of them have to do with spatial orientation: up-down, in-out, front-back, on-off, deep-shallow, central-peripheral. These spatial orientations arise from the fact that we have bodies of the sort we have and that they function as they do in our physical environment. As Lakoff points out that CONSCIOUS IS UP; UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN. HEALTH SND LIFE ARE UP; SICKNESS AND DEATH ARE DOWN. This poem employs spatial antagonism to construct death metaphor. “The Apple-Picking” involves a development from consciousness to unconsciousness. At the very beginning, the farmer is sober enough on the long two-pointed ladder sticking toward heaven. The spacial position is rather high. After the speaker has been done with apple-picking, rest is badly needed after the arduous labour. He is drowsed off and no longer in his conscious state. Frost adopts simple past tense from line8 to line17, serving as a beginning of the speaker’s dream. In the half unconsciousness of the farmer, the autumn evening bursting with the aroma of the apples has for a moment changed into a winter morning with hoary glass. In farmer’s dream, things “melted”, “fall and break”, which suggests a downward trend. Finally both woodchuck and the farmer fall asleep on the ground. The perspective of the whole poem shifts from heaven to earth, that is from top to bottom, revealing the opposition of space. A pane of glass divides the world into two parts: reality and dream. The transition from reality to dream is the manifestation of change of the speaker’s consciousness. The higher position represents reality and consciousness while the lower dream and unconsciousnessWhat’s more, the positional contrast reveals the opposition of life and death. In the first line of “After Apple-Picking”, the ladder occupies a central position in the whole picture of the poem, acting as a bridge between heaven and earth, life and death. The imagery of heaven and apples evokes the garden of Eden. The act of ascending the ladder symbolized a re-approach to heaven and eternal life while the movement down the ladder symbolizes the descent from heaven to earth, also from life to death[4]. According to Bible, picking apples is considered as corruption and degradation. As baskets of apples fall down and are spiked, they become worthless. This is true of human beings. After the farmer has finished apple-picking, fatigue and emptiness has wrapped him. His vigorous life reaches a pause, which actually means the farmer’s death. Most of fundamental concepts are organized in terms of one or more spatialization metaphors. In Frost’s “After Apple-Picking”, the poet shows the transition from consciousness to unconsciousness as well as from life to death in virtue of the binary opposition of space. The physical basis of such division is that humans sleep and die lying down and stand up when they are awaken. Therefore, the antagonism of life and death is constructed through the opposition of up and down positions, which contributes to the further construction of the root metaphors.4.Ontological MetaphorsOntological metaphor helps us understand those abstract entities through conceptualizing them as these entities and substances which are related to human’s experience. As Lakoff and Johnson point out: “our experience of physical objects and substances provides a further basis for understanding.” Ontological metaphor could be classified into three types, which are entity and substance metaphor, container metaphor and personification.Firstly, an invisible abstract concept, in entity and substance metaphor, is considered as a visible concrete object. Human being expresses abstract concepts as these entities and substances which are related to human’s experience. Death is an abstract concept, which can be understood thanks to another common concept—sleep. The dark and bleak state of death is implied by night in winter. The poet also tries to clarify the hibernation of hamsters and the long sleep of human beings: one is short seasonal rest and the other is an eternal stop of motion. In this way, the characteristics of death are no longer vague. The first root metaphor of death as sleep receives deeper and more detailed illustrations. Similarly, human achievements becomes a measurable entity like apples in “ After Apple-Picking”. Through these well-known common things, the original abstract concept can be elucidated. The essence of metaphor lies in the comparison between two entities.Secondly, container metaphor is a kind of ontological metaphor in which an invisible abstract concept is regarded as a container which has a surface owning scope and range with an in-out orientation. In Frost’s poem, the farmer’s dream and sleep is a container, where he can see “magnified apples”, feel “the pressure of ladder-round”. The farmer’s falling into dreams shows the motion from one space to another space. The state of farmer can be classified into “in sleep” and “out of sleep”, which symbolize death and life respectively.Lastly, personification specifies the physical object as being a man, which can make people to comprehend these different physical objects in light of human characteristics, motivations and activities. In Frost’s poem, apple “struck the earth” and long sleep can “come on” are all personification. They are extensions of ontological metaphors and that they allow us to make sense of phenomena in the world on the basis of our own goals. It is carefully chosen to endow this poem a dynamic effect so that the theme of this poem can be effectively conveyed. All in all, the understanding of a poetic metaphor is a cognitive process.[8] Ontological metaphor makes us understand abstract concepts by use of concrete concepts. The poet uses sleep to explain death, making the abstract concept simplified and concrete. In the poem, the dream not only reflects the structural metaphor, but also reflects the container metaphor. It forms a contrast between “in dream” and “out of dream” so as to further strengthen the difference between life and death. Apple has bruises, and Death actively does come in. These anthropomorphic expressions embody the metaphorical nature of language and the symbolic nature of death. As a result, metaphor of death in this poem has been justified.5.ConclusionThe exploration of the relationship between Frost’s view of death and Lakoff’s cognitive metaphors will undoubtedly help readers to guard against deceptive surface meanings when interpreting and appreciating Frost’s poems, and to explore the profound life philosophy reflected in his poems through metaphorical thinking and active participation.Through dividing metaphors in Frost’s “After Apple-Picking” according to Lakoff’s classification, the way of constructing poem’s theme is evidently revealed. At the first glance, it seems to be a lyrical poem, but it actually a poem of death after further analysis. Frost implicitly depicts life actions as apple picking activities, apples are symbols of human achievements, and death is similar to long sleep, which are structural metaphors, through which the characteristics of abstract concept death can be easily understood. Moreover, the orientational metaphors constitute to the body of this poem. The up-down spatial position divides the farmer’s state into consciousness and unconsciousness, also a reflection of human’s state of life and death. The contrast between in-out categories reflects the whole poem’s structure: it shifts from reality to dream. Since the farmer’s dream is explained as a container, the state of dreaming metaphorically stands for death. Therefore the whole poem is based on structural metaphors of death is sleep and people are plants, which are illustrated with orientational metaphors and ontological metaphors.However, the thesis still has some limitations due to the author’s slim analysis. It can be better with more logical illustrations and evidences. But it is no doubt that the thesis provides a new perspective of discussing Frost’s poem. It expands the application scope of Lakoff’s conceptual metaphor and enriches its practice, and produces referential meaning to literature appreciation. References[1]Lakoff, G & M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[M]. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.1980.[2]Ungerer, F & H. J. Schmid. An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics.[M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2008.[3]K?vecses, Z. Metaphor: A practical introduction[M]. New York: Oxford University Press.2002.[4]李应雪. 一个解构批评的范本——析罗伯特·弗洛斯特诗歌《摘苹果之后》意义的模糊性[J]. 宁夏大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2007(04): 78-81.[5]Lakoff, G. The Invariance Hypothesis: is abstract reason based on image-schemas?[J]. Cognitive Linguistics, 1990(01): 39-47.[6]Huo, Lirong. Comments on “After Apple-Picking”[J]. Overseas English, 2012(01): 196-197.[7]赵志宇. 罗伯特·弗洛斯特的《摘罢苹果》[J]. 文学语言学研究, 2007(02):70-71.[8]胡壮麟. 诗性隐喻[J]. 山东外语教学, 2001(03): 3-8.。
小妇人各章节内容英语概括
小妇人各章节内容英语概括Chapter 1- Amy, the youngest March sister, is preparing for a party while her mother and sisters are out. She is disappointed that her nose is red and begins to worry about her appearance.Chapter 2- The March sisters, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy, struggle with poverty while their father is away serving as a chaplain in the Civil War. They receive a surprise visit from their wealthy Aunt March.Chapter 3- Jo, the tomboyish second eldest sister, learns that her short story has been rejected by a publisher. She decides to pursue her passion for writing and declares that she will not conform to society's expectations.Chapter 4- The March sisters befriend their wealthy neighbor, Theodore "Laurie" Laurence, who becomes an honorarymember of their family. Meg attends a party with Laurie and meets John Brooke, Laurie's tutor.Chapter 5- Meg is invited to attend a dance at the Moffats' home, where she meets the charming Mr. Brooke once again. However, she becomes embarrassed by her simple dress and feels out of place among the wealthier guests.Chapter 6- Jo becomes friends with Laurie and listens to his troubles. She offers to take him to a play, despite his protests, and they enjoy a lively evening together.Chapter 7- The March sisters put on a play and invite Laurie to watch. Jo portrays a male character and is praised for her performance. After the play, the girls receive a surprise visit from Marmee, their mother.Chapter 8- Marmee encourages the girls to help those less fortunate by donating their Christmas breakfast to a poor family. The sisters agree to make sacrifices and find joy in giving to others.Chapter 9- Amy becomes envious of her older sisters and seeks to improve her social standing. She attempts to actlike a lady but ends up humiliated at a party when her hand is accidentally burned.Chapter 10- Jo takes a job as a governess to help support her family, but she struggles to fit in with the wealthy family she works for. She maintains her independent spirit but faces challenges in her new role.。
《汤姆叔叔的小屋》(英文,黑布林版)每章概括
汤姆叔叔的小屋英文黑布林版每章概括《汤姆叔叔的小屋》（Uncle Tom's Cabin）是美国作家哈里埃特·比彻·斯托夫人（Harriet Beecher Stowe）于1852年出版的一部反奴隶制度的长篇小说。
以下是每章的概括，根据黑布林版（Blackburn edition）的章节划分：Chapter 1: In Which the Reader Is Introduced to a Man of Humanity 本章介绍读者与一个充满人道主义的人物相识。
Chapter 2: The Mother 本章主要讲述了一个名叫埃米莉亚的黑奴母亲和她的家庭背景。
Chapter 3: The Husband and Father 本章中，埃米莉亚的丈夫乔治被贩卖到另一个奴隶主那里，导致他们家庭分离。
Chapter 4: An Evening in Uncle Tom's Cabin 这一章节以晚上在汤姆叔叔的小屋中过夜为背景，展现了汤姆叔叔的善良和宽容。
Chapter 5: Showing the Feelings of Living Property on Changing Owners 本章节揭示了奴隶的心理状态及其在不同主人之间转换时的感受。
Chapter 6: Discovery 在这一章中，汤姆叔叔被新的主人哈利斯发现，哈利斯想要将汤姆叔叔卖掉。
Chapter 7: The Mother's Struggle 埃米莉亚努力保护自己的孩子们免受奴隶制度的伤害，这一章主要描写了她的奋斗。
Chapter 8: Eliza's Escape 本章中，伊莱扎成功逃离了奴隶主的追捕，并开始了逃亡之旅。
Chapter 9: In Which It Appears That a Senator Is but a Man 在这一章节中，一位参议员艾伦森展现出作为一个人的弱点。
论文定稿__鲁德亚德·吉卜林作品中的帝国意识的研究
论文定稿__鲁德亚德·吉卜林作品中的帝国意识的研究本科毕业论文设计题目:鲁德亚德?吉卜林作品中的帝国意识的研究摘要作为一个历史上的事实,自1492年哥伦布发现新大陆开始到二战结束后,殖民存在了数百年。
这样的一个全球范围的殖民历史对世界的发展产生了不可估量的影响。
殖民时代虽然已经过去,但其影响却依然广泛存在,并随着当今全球化的发展而日益明显。
因此,后殖民主义问题不仅是当前理论研究热点,也是当今世界面临的一个重要问题。
作为一位生活在殖民扩张高峰时期的英国作家,吉卜林这位被认为是帝国主义代言人的作家及其作品随着后殖民主义研究和帝国意识研究的崛起而受到关注。
从帝国意识的角度出发通过对吉卜林及其作品进行探讨,对帝国意识在吉卜林的作品中的存在进行了分析,得出了帝国意识与殖民通过隐蔽形式在当今世界依旧存在并深刻影响着世界的发展。
关键词:后殖民主义帝国主义帝国意识An Analysis of Empire Consciousness in Rudyard Kipling’ s Works AbstractAs a fact in history, since Columbus found the New World to the end of World War II, colonize had existed few centuries. Such kind of colonialhistory gives an immeasurable influence on the development of the world. Though the Colonial Time had already passed way, its influence still widely exist and more and more obvious with the development of nowadays globalization. So, the Post-colonialism is not only the hotspot in theory study, but also an important problem the world facing today.As a British writer who lived in the high time of colonial expansion, Kipling, the writer who was thought as the spokesman of Imperialism, receive many attentions with his works. Discuss Kipling and his works from the point of Empire Consciousness and analyze the existence of Empire Conscio usness in Kipling’s works, a conclusion is made at the end of this research that Empire Consciousness and Colonize still exist in the world today with a hidden formKey words: Post-colonialism Imperialism Empire ConsciousnessContentsIntroduction 1Chapter 1 Research Background and the Value of the Research 31.1 Significance of this Research 31.2 Literature Review 31.3 Brief Introduction of Purpose and Methods of the research 6Chapter 2 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s works72.1 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s Indian works 72.2 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s Later works8Chapter 3 Three Main Figures in Kipling’s Indian Works93.1 The Backbone of the Empire: Administrative Personnel 93.2 The “Outpost” of the Empire: Life in the Army 133.3 The Empire Successor: Teenagers 17Chapter 4 Imperial Ideals Across Time and Space 214.1 Imperialism and Kipling’s Later Literature214.2 British Empire and Roman Empire: Continuation of History 23Conclusion 26Bibliography 28Acknowledgements 29IntroductionRudyard Kipling 1865--1936 is one of the famous British writers in the 20th century. His works cover a wide range of diverse styles, extensive types of literature. Among his works, the early novels about pre-India are the most successful. In 1907, he became the first British writer who won the Nobel Prize for Literature by the Swedish Academy for his remarkable ability to observe innovative imagination, outstanding narrative and a powerful connotation.Traditionally, Kipling was considered as a spokesman of colonialist writer, which was highly controversial in the history of literature, and he has been the target of criticism in China. In recent years, along with the deepening of the context of Globalization and the rise of Empirestudies, people have begun to pay more attention to the so-called imperialist writer. The academic study abroad on Kipling and his writings has become a hotspot in the past half century, and research on his works has extended to the depth of many Westernhumanistic and social science fields. However, the academic research on Kipling has just started in China. There are only a few research articles. A great gap existed between the abroad researches and the domestic researches in his works. The theoretical context of Empire provides a further research spaces for Kipling’s study. The article mainly explores the Empire elements that reflected in his writings from the interpretations of multi-level and multi-directional, multi-dimensional. There are four chapters of this researchChapter One is the brief introduction of the research background and the value of the research. This chapter is divided into three parts. Part one is the significance of this research,part tow is literature review, introduce the research status in home and abroad, part three is the brief introduction of purpose and methods of the research.Chapter Two is the introduction of Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s works. This chapter is divided into two parts for the backgrounds are different in his works, the forms of Empire Consciousness in his works is different, too. Part one is Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s Indian works, part tow is Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s later works.Chapter Three mainly tells three kinds of figures in RudyardKipling’s Indian ficti ons, in this chapter, there are three parts to correspond with these three kinds of figures. Part one is administrative personnel, part tow is ordinary soldiers, part three is teenagerChapter Four points out the continuity of Empire Consciousness in Kiplin g’s works through introducing Kipling’s later two works, Puck of Pook’s Hill and Rewards and Faires and the Empire Consciousness in these two works Chapter 1 Research Background and the Value of the Research1.1 Significance of this ResearchAs the first British winner of the Nobel Prize of Literature, Rudyard Kipling has a prominent place in the English literary historyThe material of Kipling’s works is very unique, it is worth researching. Works that analyzed in this research, they all tells the story of common people in India or history legends of Britain, when we read these works at first, we may think they are just children’s books, but soon we can find the Empire Consciousness’s existence in these works. Through analyze three kinds of figures in his In dian works and later two works, Puck of Pook’s Hill and Rewards and Faires to reveal the Empire Consciousness that contain in Rudyard Kipling’s works. Then reveal how the West controlled culture, politics, economy and ideology of the world during the Colonial Period that Kipling Lived in.The Colonial Period had already passed away for a long time, however, the West still has great influence on the world. Through analyzeKipling’s works in order to study the western influence on world today is also a significance of this research1.2 Literature Review Rudyard Kipling is a famous writer who had wrote a lot of works during his more than 50 years writing period. The main achievement of Kipling is his short story, he made short story become a popular type of literature in British literary arena. For understand Kipling’s works better, we should know some studies in home and abroad.In China, the research to Rudyard Kipling is not begin as early and popular as abroad.A New starting point Beyond the Traditional[1]written by Wen Meihui has include her article A Study of Kipling’s Fictions, this article in view of Kipling tend to be more affirmative, and make specific analysis to some of his fictions. Wen’s affirmative words to Kipling is hard to be found in other places at that time, even conflicted with other scholars. It can say that in this article Kipling basically got positive evaluation, and, to some extent, changed his image in Chinese readers` mindIn 2008, Shi Haijun published his study Post-colonization: Literature between India and Britain[2], push the study of Kipling in China a great forward. He opened a specific chapterChapter 4: Kipling, in the theme between Colonization and Post-colonizationto analyze Kipling. The content of this article focus on 3 aspect s: Kipling’s ups and downs in Colonialism and Post-colonialism discourse; The understandings and comments of Indian andIndian origin writers and scholars; apperences and relevant comments of “Sensitive-free India” in Kipling’s works. The article collects some analysis and explains made by some Indian and Indian origin writers and scholars about Kipling’s works, which makes up the shortage that study this British writer who has profound connection with India limited to the deficiency of the western scholars in some degreeChen Bing’s Empire and Identity: A study of Rudyard Kipling’s Indian Fictions[3], from postcolonial perspective, systematically study Kipling’s fictions and the main works of him. Based on Kipling’s writing course and characteristics, Chen classifies them into 3 periods. Chen think though they show a Imperialism attitude and identity crisis, however, they still experienced a change of ideology. In brief, the Imperialism was obvious in his early Indian fictions but in his later works he showed his love to India and the concept of fusion of East and West.The research in abroad is very rich and popular for Kipling has enormous implications in western world and India.C. C. Eldridge 1996 The Imperial Experience. This book examines attitudes towards empire and the creation and perpetuation of a British world-view during the years 1834-1924. Besides focusing on the usual Victorian and Edwardian novelists and poets, surveys of popular culture and anti-empire views are also included. By adopting a longer chronological context, the high level of continuity in beliefs and actionsthroughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries is highlighted. As a result, the period is viewed as a dramatic episode in a much longer story.John McBratrey 2002 Imperial Subject, Imperial Space treat Kipling as the pioneer of Homi Bhabba theory, McBratrey think that the “White Creole”settler who was born in colony is the key to make Kipling’s empire dream come true, at the same time, he also analyses some characteristics of this group: have cross culture experience and knowledge, Racial equality awareness across racial that is impossible, the awareness of identity’s diversity and construction etc.Rutherford Andrew. ed 1994 Kipling’s Mind and Art it is a Selected Critical Essays Assembles diverse critical essays offering a reassessment of the nineteenth-century British author's work.Kipling 1990 Something of Myself, an autobiography which was published after Kipling’s death, it shows Kipling’s life by time sequence, from his dark childhood to he became a journalist when he was young, and he became a professional writer till he got the Nobel prize, Kipling told us all of these in beautiful writing style. The book not only described his rich and colorful journey experience but also his views about the politics and society, so this autobiography has high literature value and research value.Said 2003 Culture and Imperialism. A landmark and very complex work after Orientalism, in this book, he reconstructs the imperialistexpansio n context of “Modern European novels”, and expands his analysis of collusion relationship between western culture and imperialism to novel’s form and style, and believes that European novels have converge two kinds of elements on embryology meaning: one is the authority of which novel narrative style, the other tend to imperialist complex thought structure.1.3 Brief Introduction of Purpose and Methods of the researchThe purpose of this research is make an analysis on Rudyard Kipling’s works and the Empire Consciousness in his works, through the analysis and introduce to Kipling’s works, this research explain the Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s worksIn order to fulfill my research objective, the analytical procedures as follow:First, collect research materials on related topics and choose the title of my thesisSecond, analyze the materials in depthThird, give a brief of the author and analyze the main figures in his worksFourth, use a plenty of academic files to proof my viewsFifth, make a conclusion based on the previous studySixth, develop and organize arguments and make enrichment of my thesis’s contentChapter 2 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s worksRudyard Kipling was born in 1865, on Bornbay, India. In 1871, when he was 6 years old, he was sent back to England and lived with a retired navy captain. From 1878 to 1882, Kipling studied in a school thatestablished by army officers. In 1882, after graduated from school, he returned to India and worked in Civil and Military Gazette in Lahore. In 1889, he began traveling around the world and finally back England. For his childhoodFrom born to 6 years old and key point time of character’s establishment17 years old to 24 years old spent in India and study time spent in England, his love to Indian and Empire Consciousness are obvious in his works. I separate the Empire Consciousness in his works into two parts, the part in his Indian works and the part in his later works.2.1 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s Indian worksKipling’s childhood and key point time of character’s establishment were spent in India and his student period was in England, as is known to all, nearly all of his Indian works are influenced by his Anglo-Indian life history which makes his Indian works very unique: For one thing, he showed his deep love to India, he treated India as his second homeland, no one had ever write India, Indian and Anglo-Indian detailedly like him before; For another, because of the education he got in England, his Indian works also full of undisguised desire of rule and control the India by Britain.2.2 Empire Consciousness in Kipling’s Later worksIn the later of Kipling’s writing period, after he settled down in England, India disappeared in his sight gradually, he began to put his concentration on the past and today of the countryside of England.From 43AD Roman Empire invaded Britain and ruled this country for more than 400 years to 1066 Norman Conquest,[4] a series of invasions in ancient Britain provided plenty of material to Kipling to create new stories. In these stories, he reviewed this period of history and connected Roman Empire with British Empire. He tried to prove that British Empire is the successor of Roman Empire, they all have the duty to make human civilization improve, however British Empire is more advanced than Roman Empire. Anyway, Roman Empire still has a deep influence on Kipling and his Empire Consciousness.Chapter 3 Three Main Figures in Kipling’s Indian WorksFor figure creation is not obvious in Kipling’s writing, so the connotation contain in his works` figures does not draw any attention of researchers. In this chapter, this research classify the figures of Kipling’s Indian fictions as three kinds, then expose their characters in these works and what questions and thoughts that Kipling discussed and made on them. Thus, figures and theme can be tightly connected with Empire Consciousness, the principal line of this research.3.1 The Backbone of the Empire: Administrative PersonnelIn the beginning of 19th century, Britain began its direct rule for India. The British government directly ruled India by administration characterized with bureaucracy.The empire elites appeared in Kipling’s Indian fictions mainlyinclude administrative personnels, engineers, low rank officers, basically, they were not superior officers in civil official system, but the largest number ordinary officers, also the backbone of the Empire.3.1.1 Civilizing Mission VS Empire FableAfter the violent grab at the beginning, the western colonist raised series slogans in order to prettify their behaviour, “Civilizing Mission” was the widely accepted one of these slogans. The colonist believed the western civilization is advanced civilization, which can bring “light and advancement” to the “Dark Continent”. They entered into their colony as the messenger of civilization. However, strange land, strange language and strange culture shake their confidence and doubts melancholy, pessimistic even despair replaced their confidence. Generally, opinions believe Kipling belong to the writer of colonial confide nce period, but in fact, his works also show the colonist’s nonconfidence to their rule in colony and worry about culture mixedThough the British had great power in India, however, the British felt unsafe and unstable living in India.In story At the End of the Passage, four young men try their best to get together in weekend. All of these young men are under 30 years old. They are British administrative p。
试论埃塞尔威尔逊小说《沼泽天使》中动物意象的意义 - 加拿大研究中心
论文题目: 试论埃塞尔?威尔逊小说《沼泽天使》中动物意象的意义The Significance of Animal Imagery in Ethel Wilson’s Swamp Angel论文文摘(中文):埃塞尔·威尔逊（1888-1980）是20世纪加拿大为数不多的杰出女作家之一，她一生共发表了五部小说，若干短篇小说及很多其它文学作品。
1954年发表的《沼泽天使》被誉为其最杰出之作。
《沼泽天使》以其独具特色的写作风格受到文学评论家及读者的广泛喜爱，并从多个角度对这部小说加以了解读和分析，特别是其对于自然环境及动物细致入微，生动传神的刻画。
动物意象的象征意义是文学修辞的重要手段之一。
动物意象的设计往往能给整部文学作品带来活力，能够更为生动、更为形象地刻画人物，更能自然地、有机地推动情节的发展，从而成功地传达作者试图阐释的主题及所传递的信息。
到目前为止，笔者尚未发现有评论家对《沼泽天使》中动物意象的设计和意义进行深入而详尽的分析和研究。
本文从这一角度入手，对小说中频繁出现的动物意象进行细致的分析和讨论，试图探索动物意象对人物的心理、品性、行为及形象塑造所起的作用，从而达到更准确地理解女主人公玛吉成长的心路历程，更深刻地理解小说的主题，即人类与自然的亲密一体，人与人之间有着复杂但又不可分割的关系。
论文共分五章：第一章是论文的引论及文献综述，主要说明本文的研究重点，介绍小说作者的背景，并总结已存在的以动物意象为主题的文学研究的状况，阐述动物意象作为文学修辞方法的重要意义。
第二章至第四章是论文的讨论部分，女主人公从故事的开始到结束经历了一个心灵变化的过程，我将从三个方面讨论动物意象在此过程中起到的作用。
第二章论述动物意象如何帮助体现玛吉向往在大自然中获得自由的心态；第三章论述动物意象如何有助于表现玛吉的理想生活与现实生活的矛盾；第四章论述动物意象如何展示玛吉的成长与进步，如何体现女主人公玛吉的品性特征。
远大前程每章英文梗概1到10章
远大前程每章英文梗概1到10章《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯的一部小说，以下是每章的英文梗概：Chapter 1:The novel begins with the birth of Philip Pirrip, known as Pip. He lives with his sister and her husband, Joe Gargery, a blacksmith. One evening, Pip encounters an escaped convict in a graveyard, who threatens him into stealing food and a file to remove his shackles.Chapter 2:Pip steals food and a file from his sister's house and brings them to the convict. However, the convict is soon recaptured and taken away. Despite feeling guilty, Pip keeps the incident a secret.Chapter 3:Pip is invited to play at the house of Miss Havisham, a wealthy and eccentric woman who lives in seclusion. He meets her beautiful but cold-hearted adopted daughter, Estella, and becomes infatuated with her.Chapter 4:Pip visits Miss Havisham's house regularly, growing more and more infatuated with Estella. He becomes ashamed of his humble background and desires to become a gentleman.Chapter 5:Pip is informed that an unknown benefactor has provided funds for him to become a gentleman. He moves to London and begins his education and training under the supervision of Mr. Jaggers, a lawyer.Chapter 6:Pip befriends Herbert Pocket, who becomes his roommateand close friend. He also becomes acquainted with Wemmick, Mr. Jaggers' clerk, who has a dual personality.Chapter 7:Pip continues his education and socialization in London, but remains haunted by his love for Estella and his guilt over his past actions.Chapter 8:Pip receives a visit from Joe, who informs him of the death of Mrs. Joe. Despite feeling guilty for neglectinghis family, Pip is relieved to be free of his sister's abuse.Chapter 9:Pip's infatuation with Estella grows stronger, but he becomes increasingly aware of the class divide between them. He struggles with his desire to be a gentleman and his humble origins.Chapter 10:Pip and Herbert devise a plan to help Magwitch, a convict from Pip's past, escape from England. However, their plan is jeopardized when they learn that Magwitch's life is in danger.以上是《远大前程》前十章的英文梗概，希望能够帮助到你。
中学英语语法数词
中学英语语法数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词(numeral)。
数词与不定代词很相似，其用法相当于名词与形容词。
数词有两种。
表示数目多少的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numberal), 如one, ten, fifty-two等。
表示顺序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numeral), 如first, tenth, fiftieth等。
(一)基数词1)1-12的基数词是：one 1 seven 7two 2 eight 8three 3 nine 9four 4 ten 10five 5 eleven 11six 6 twelve 1213-19，皆由3-9加后缀-teen构成，即：thirteen 13 seventeen 17fourteen 14 eighteen 18fifteen 15 nineteen 19sixteen 16 (注意：thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法)20-90等十位数均由2-9加后缀-ty构成，即：twenty 20 thirty 30forty 40 seventy 70fifty 50 eighty 80sixty 60 ninety 90(注意：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty的拼法)21-29由十位数20加个位数1-9构成，中间须有连字符“-”，即：twenty-one 21 twenty-six 26twenty-two 22 twenty-seven 27twenty-three 23 twenty-eight 28twenty-four 24 twenty-nine 29twenty-five 25其它的十位数照此类推，如：thirty-one 31 seventy-five 75forty-two 42 eighty-six 86fifty-three 53 ninety-seven 97sixty-four 642)百位数由1-9加hundred构成，如包含十位数及个位数，中间用and连接，也可以不用；如只包含个位数，即十位数为零时，则and不可省。
美国文学之了不起的盖茨比中英文知识讲解
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Life and Career Literary Characteristics The Great Gatsby
Life and Literary Career
Jazz Age and the Roaring
Twenties
The Jazz Age describes the period after the end of World War I, through the Roaring Twenties, ending with the onset of the Great Depression.
Romantic Egoist ; falling in love with Zelda Sayre Discharged from the army in 1919; going to New York Returning to St. Paul; publishing This Side of Paradise in 1920 Getting married; going to New York; Flappers and Philosophers and Tales of the Jazz Age published in 1920 and 1922 respectively
剧本：《美女和被诅咒的人》、《伟大的盖茨比》、 《生死同心》、《女人》、《乱世佳人》、《居里 夫人》、 《夜色温柔》 《我最后一次看到巴黎》、 《绮梦初艳》等
长篇小说：《最后一个大亨》、《明智的事》、 《了不起的盖茨比》、《夜色温柔》、《人间天堂》 等
Chapters 17-18
第十七章当代英语戏剧的绝望和荒诞♦概说♦愤怒的年轻人传统：约翰·奥斯本、阿诺德·威斯克、约翰·奥登、雪拉·黛兰妮♦荒诞的传统：塞缪尔·贝克特、哈罗德·品特、汤姆·斯托帕特♦卡里尔·邱吉尔及其他剧作家概说♦一战后20年的剧本与以前在形式和内容上不同，有两类主要戏剧：愤怒和荒诞♦两种传统反映了两次世界大战对英国人心理的影响♦首先，等级制动摇，但战后平等意识消失，年轻人愤怒♦第二，战争极大地震撼了西方知识分子，怀疑、失望导致精神痛苦，生活意义变得空虚，愤怒变成了精神折磨，消极哲学产生♦存在主义：萨特，加缪，西西弗的神话Existentialism存在主义♦Existentialism is a term that has been applied to the work of a number of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences took the human subject — not merely the thinking subject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual and his or her conditions of existence — as a starting point for philosophical thought.♦Existential philosophy is the ―explicit conceptual manifestation of an existential attitude‖ that begins with a sense of disorientation迷失方向and confusion in the face of an apparently meaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditional systematic or academic philosophy, in both style and content, as too abstract and remote from concrete human experience.♦Angry Young Men,various British novelists and playwrights who emerged in the 1950s and expressed scorn and disaffection 不满with the established sociopolitical order of their country.Their impatience and resentment were especially aroused by what they perceived as the hypocrisy and mediocrity平庸of the upper and middle classes♦The Angry Young Men were a new breed of intellectuals who were mostly of working class or of lower middle-class origin. They shared an outspoken irreverence for the British class system, its traditional network of pedigreed families家谱, and the elitist Oxford and Cambridge universities.♦They showed an equally uninhibited无拘束的disdain for the drabness单调乏味of the postwar welfare state, and their writings frequently expressed raw anger and frustration as the postwar reforms failed to meet exalted aspirations for genuine changeKitchen-sink drama端现实主义戏剧♦It was a term coined to describe a British cultural movement which developed in the late 1950sand early 1960s in theater, art, novels, f ilm and tevesion plays, whose ―heroes‖ could be described as angry young men. It used a style of social realism which often depicted the domestic situations of working class living in rented accommodation and spending their off-hours in grimy pubs to explore social issues and political controversies.约翰·奥斯本♦英国剧作家，由其剧本《愤怒的回顾》而闻名，被称为第一个愤怒的年轻人。
英语专业学生推荐读物
一年级推荐书目一、轻松读经典丛书（简写本）上海外语教育出版社1．The Turn of the Screw 螺丝在拧紧2．The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传3．Gulliver’s Travels 格列佛游记4．The Adventure of Tom Sawyer 汤姆历险记5．Tom Brown’s Schoolday 汤姆布朗的求学生涯6．Robinson Cruseo 鲁宾逊漂流记7．Four Shakespeare’s Commedies 莎士比亚四大喜剧8．Oliver Twist 雾都孤儿9．Twenty Thousand leagues Under the Sea. 海底两万里10．Tess of the D’Urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝11．Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 艾丽丝漫游奇境记12．Pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见13．David Copperfield 大卫科波菲尔14．The Three Musketeers 三个火枪手15．The Mill on the Floss 费洛斯河上的磨房16．The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝里费恩历险记17．Three Shakespeare Tragedies 莎士比亚三个悲剧二、上海译文出版社1．King Solomon’s Mines 所罗门王的宝藏2．The Return of Sherlock Holmes 福尔摩斯归来记3．The Old man and the Sea 老人与海4．The Call of the wild 野性的呼唤三、杂志及报刊1．（English Salon, Reading) 英语沙龙阅读版2. 21st Century 21世纪3. English Square 英语广场四、其他1. 书虫系列·牛津英汉双语读物曼斯菲尔德著出版日期：2004-02-272. 外研社·DK英汉对照百科读物出版日期：2002-08-153. 英语习语与英美文化(跨文化交际丛书) 平洪张国扬4. 钱钟书英文文集2005年9月出版43.9元5. 西行漫记(英汉对照) 出版日期：2005-07-15 ￥68.006. 英语的变易出版日期：2005-07-08 26.97. 看!世界第1/2/3/4辑(英语精短时文译评)(《英语学习》系列丛书)8. 解读美国第1, 2, 3级出版日期：2005-06-139. 英语词汇轻松学习法出版日期：2005-06-0810. 林语堂英文作品选12. 词语的选择与效果蔡基刚出版日期：2005-03-0213. 外语学习策略与方法潘亚玲出版日期：2004-11-0414. 你永远记得……(英文版)裴杰斯著出版日期：2004-10-1015. 爱的风景(情爱卷)(《英语学习》四十年精选本)(第二辑)16. 美语走天下：语言文化篇约翰斯顿著出版日期：2004-04-1217. 美国风俗101则Harry Collis（美）编著出版日期：2004-03-16二年级推荐书目1．The Secret Garden 秘密花园2．Grimm’s Fairy Tales 格林童话集3．Hard Times 艰难时世4．The Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤5．Lady Camelli 茶花女6．The Black Tulip 黑郁金香7．Chicken Soul ----- 心灵鸡汤系列Teacher’s Soul, Volunteer’s Soul Traveler’s Soul8．Vanity Fair 名利场9．Pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见10. Romeo and Juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶11. Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感12. Jane Eyre 简爱13．Uncle Tom’s cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋二、杂志及报刊1．English Language learning 英语学习2. Beijing Review 北京周报3. 21st century 21世纪三年级及以上推荐书目1．Wuthering heights呼啸山庄2．God Father 教父3．Gone with the wind飘4．The Thorn Birds荆棘鸟5．The Count of Monte Cristo基度山伯爵6．The Scarlet letter红字7．War and Peace战争与和平8．包法利夫人9． A Farewell to Arms永别了武10．Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹11．A Tale of Two Cities双城记12．A Passage to India 印度之行13．Rebecca蝴蝶梦14．American Tragedy美国悲剧二、杂志及报刊1．English World英语世界2．China Daily中国日报美国文学类读物1、The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne 《红字》霍桑著胡允恒译人民文学出版社2、The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain 《哈克贝利.芬历险记》马克`吐温著许汝祉译译林出版社3、The Portrait of a Lady Henry James 《贵妇画像》亨利.詹姆斯著项星耀译外国文学出版社4.Moby Dick Herman Melville 《白鲸》麦尔维尔著成时译人民文学出版社5.Martin Eden Jack London 《马丁.伊登》杰克.伦敦著孙法理译译林出版社6.The Great Gatsby F.S. Fitzgerald 《了不起的盖茨比》菲茨杰拉德著姚乃强译人民文学出版社7.The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway 《老人与海》海明威著吴劳译上海译文出版社8.The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck 《愤怒的葡萄》斯坦贝克著9.The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner 《喧嚣与骚动》福克纳著李文俊译上海译文出版社10.Catch 22 Joseph Heller 《第二十二条军规》约瑟夫.海勒著扬下程爱民邹惠玲译译林出版社英国文学类读物1．Hamlet William Shakespeare 《哈姆雷特》莎士比亚著朱生豪译人民文学出版社2．Robinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe 《鲁宾逊漂流记》丹尼尔.笛福著徐霞村译人民文学出版社3．Gulliver’s Travels Jonathan Swift 《格列佛游记》斯威夫特著杨昊成译译林出版社4．Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen 《傲慢与偏见》简.奥斯汀著孙致理译译林出版社5．A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens 《双城记》查尔斯.狄更斯著张玲张扬译上海译文出版社6．Vanity Fair William Makepeace Thackeray 《名利场》萨克雷著杨宓译人民文学出版社7．Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte 《简.爱》夏洛蒂?勃朗特著吴钧燮译人民文学出版社8．Wuthering Heights Emily Bronte 《呼啸山庄》艾米莉.勃朗特著方平译上海译文出版社9．Tess of the D’urbervilles Thomas Hardy 《德伯家的苔丝》托马斯.哈代著张谷若译人民文学出版社10、The Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad 《黑暗的心》约瑟夫.康拉德著黄雨石译浙江文艺出版社翻译类读物1 汉英词语翻译探微杨全红汉语大词典出版社12.002 英汉汉英段落翻译与实践蔡基刚复旦大学出版社15.003 中级英语笔译模拟试题精解齐乃政中国对外翻译出版公司22.004 汉译英口译教程吴冰外语教学与研究出版社19.905 实用英汉翻译教程申雨平戴宁外语教学与研究出版社13.906 英美文化与英汉翻译汪福祥伏力外文出版社11.007 汉译英实用技能训练孙海晨外文出版社16.808 高级翻译评析王大伟孙艳上海交通大学出版社14.509 同声口译金话筒侯国金大连理工大学出版社12.0010 英汉口译实用教程宋天锡国防工业出版社26.0011 英汉翻译技巧示例毛荣贵范武邱上海交通大学出版社16.5012 实用英语口译（英汉）新编崔永禄等南开大学出版社10.0013 汉英时文翻译贾文波中国对外翻译出版公司11.0014 现代汉英翻译技巧王大伟世界图书出版公司21.6015 汉英语篇翻译强化训练居祖纯清华大学出版社14.0016 英语口译教程吴守谦哈尔滨工程大学出版社17.0017 按实例学英语刘慎军等北京工业大学出版社11.0018 汉英口译入门李长栓外语教学与研究出版社17.9019 中国时尚热点新词速译朱诗向对外经济贸易大学出版社20.0020 英汉翻译综合教程王宏印辽宁师范大学出版社19.0021 实用科技英语翻译讲评范武邱外文出版社13.0022 实用口译手册钟述孔中国对外翻译出版公司12.0023 英汉翻译基础古今明上海外语教育出版社16.5024 教你如何掌握汉译英技巧陈文伯世界知识出版社17.0025 英汉翻译手册惆西董乐山等商务印书馆国际有限公司18.0026 英汉同声传译张维为中国对外翻译出版公司12.0027 高级口译教程梅德明上海外语教育出版社26.3028 高级翻译教程孙万彪王恩铭上海外语教育出版社21.0029 常用英语习语翻译与应用李军韩晓玲青岛海洋大学出版社32.0030 研究生英语翻译陶友兰查国生复旦大学出版社28.0031 高级汉英/英汉口译教程（上下册）王桂珍华南理工大学出版社32 实用英语口译教程冯建忠译林出版社39.5033英汉口译实练冯建忠译林出版社37.0034汉翻译练习集(绝版）庄绎传中国对外翻译出版公司0.8035汉英政治经济词汇内部资料36新汉英外交政治词汇内部资料37汉翻译教程（自考教材）庄绎传外语教学与研究出版17.9038译与听力（自考教材）杨俊峰辽宁大学出版社13.0039互译实践与技巧许建平清华大学出版社20.0040汉英分类口译词典世界图书出版公司28.0041.外事工作人员英语常用分类词汇(绝版）北京出版社1.1042.汉英外事工作常用词汇外文出版社48.0043.汉英分类翻译词典大连理工大学出版社58.00基础英语类读物1 英语短文阅读精华张宜马鸿大连理工大学出版社18.002 英汉介词/副词搭配词典钱建立刘立群大连理工大学出版社26.003 现代英语佳作赏析（共四册）西安交通大学出版社45.004 中式英语之鉴JOAN PINKHAM 外语教学与研究出版社22.905 实用英语表达技巧方亚中武汉大学出版社17.006 全球热点话题英语选读木村哲也外文出版社14.007 实用分类英语惯用法刘学明湖南教育出版社15.208 英语听说诵读实用文选365篇周淑杰天津大学出版社20.00。
英国文学史及选读Chapter1
英国文学史及选读Chapter1英国文学史及选读Chapter1发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:32 共270人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Anglo-Saxon PeriodI. Fill in the blanks.1.After the fall of the Roman Empire and athe withdrawl of Roman troops from Albion，the aboriginal __ population of the larger part of the island was soon conquerered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of ____，_____ ，and _____ who came from the continent and settled in the island，naming its central part a，or England.2.For nearly ______ years prior to the coming of the English，British had been a Roman province. In _____，the Rome withdrew their legions from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders.3.The literature of early period falls naturally into teo divisions，and ____.The former represents the poetry which ____the Anglso-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of _____ ，the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil；the later represents the writings developed under the teaching of ______ .4._____can be justly termed England’s national epic and its hero _____---one of the national heros of the English people.5.The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the ______ approximately at the beginning of the_____century，when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the _____ and maintained close relations with kindred tribes，e.g.with the ______ who lived on the other side of the straits.6.Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention______ who lived in the latter half of the ______ century and who wrote a poetic Paraphase of the Blible.7.____ is the first known religious poets of England. He is known as the father of English song.8.The didac tic poem “The Christ” was produced by ________.II. Choose the best answer for each blank.9.The most important work of _______ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles，which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede2. Who is the monster half-huamn who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf？a. Hrothgat.b. Heorot.c. Grendel.d. Beowulf.3. _____ is the first important religious poet in English Literature.a. Cynewulfb.Caedmonc. Shakepeare.d. Adam Bede4. The epic，The Song of Beowulf，represents the spirit of ______.a. monksb. romanticistsc. sentimentalistd. paganIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. （）The author of The Song of Beowulf is Cynewulf.2. （）The setting of The Song of Beowulf is in Scotland.3. （）Alfred the Great compiles The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.4. （）Venerable Bede wrote The Ecclesiastical History of the English People.5. （）The author of Paraphase is Caedmon.IV. Define the liretary terms listed below.Alliteration Epic.V. Answer the following questions.1.What do you know about the Teutors.2.Please give a brief description of The Song of Boewulf.英国文学史及选读Chapter2发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:31 共93人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Anglo-Norman PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.In the year___，at the battle of ___，the ____ headed by William，Duke of Normandy，defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2.The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright，____ tales of _______ and _______，in marked contrast with the ___ and ______ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3.English literature is also a combination of ____and _____ elements.4.In the 14th century，the two most important writers are ___ and Chaucer.5.In the 15th century，there is only one important prose writer whose name is _____. He wrote an important work called Morte d’ Arthur.II. Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Canto2.legend3.Arthurian Legend.III. Read the excerpt of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight carefully，and then make a brief comment on it.IV. Answer the following questions.1.What is the consequence of the Norman Conquest？2.Make a brief survey of the middle English literature.英国文学史及选读Chapter3发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:31 共68人浏览[大] [中] [小]Geoffrey ChaucerI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Chaucer’s masterpiece is _____，one of the most famous works in all literature.2.Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of _______.3.There are various kinds of ballads _______，______，______，_____，and ______.4.Bishop ____ was among the first to take a literary interest in ballads.5.The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The CanterburyTales is ______，who proposes that each pilgrim of the ____ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.6.In contradistinction to the ______ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry，Chaucer chose the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English _____ verse.II. Choose the best answer.1.Who is the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England？a. Christopher Marlowb. Geoffrey Chaucerc. W. Shakespeared. Alfred the Great2. Chaucer’s earlist work of any length is his “______” a transl ation of the French “Roman de la Rose” by Gaillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meung，which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throught Europe.a. Troilus and Criseydeb. A Red，Red Rosec. Romance of the Rosed. Piers the Plowman3. In his literary development，Chaucer was influenced by three literatures，which one is not true？a. French literature.b. Italian literaturec. English literatured. American literatureIII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write your answers in the brackets.1. （）The 32 pilgrims，according to Chaucer’s plan，was to exceed that of Baccoccio’s Decameron.2. （）The Prologue is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portray，the first of its kind in the history of English literature.3. （）The Canterbury Tales is a vivid and brilliant reflection of 15th century in England.4. （）Chaucer’s poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance.IV. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Romance.2.Fable.3.BalladV. Anwer the following question.1.What is the social significance of The Canterbury Tales ？英国文学史及选读Chapter4发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:30 共66人浏览[大] [中] [小]The RenaissanceI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to the textbook.1.Shakespeare’s first priginal play written in about 1590 was _________.2.Hamlet，Othello，King Lear，and _______ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four great tragedies.3.The Tragical History of Doct or Faustus is one of _______’s best known sonnets.4.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of ______.5.Bacon’s works may be divided into three classes，the ______，the _______，the _______ works.6.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a flourishing of national culture known as the_________.7.Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _______.II. Find out the author and his works.⑴The author and their works1. （）Thomas More a. Gorge Green2. （）Enmund Spenser b. Eupheus3. （）John Lyly c.The Fairy Queen4. （）Marlowe d. Utopia5. （）Robert Greene e. The Jew of Malta⑵The characters in the play1. （）Desdemona a. The Merchant of Venice2. （）Cordelia b. As you like it3. （）Juliet c.Hamlet4. （）Ophelia d. King Lear5. （）Portia e. Othello6. （）Rosalind f. Romeo and JulietIII. Define the leterary terms listed below.1.Renaissance2.sonnet3.Spenserian Stanza4.Humanism5.dramatic irony6.tragedy7.allusionIV. Answer the following questions.1.Give a summary about the English literature during the Renaissance period.2.What is the main idea of Hamlet？3.Give a brief introduction to Thomas More’s Utopia.4.Wh en were Shakespeare’s main tragedies written？what did he write about in his tragedies？英国文学史及选读Chapter5发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:29 共40人浏览[大] [中] [小]Chapter Five The Period of Revolution and RestorationI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The 17th century was a period when ______ impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the ______ could no longer bear the sway of _______.2.England became a commomwealth under the leadership of _______.3.The Glorious Revolution in _____ meant three things the supremacy of ________，the beginning of _______，and the final truiumph of the principle of _______.4.Restoration created a literature of its own，that was often ______ and _______，but on the whole _______ and _______.5.The first thing to strik e the reader is Donne’s extraordinary _____ and penetrating_______. The next is the ______ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reation from the extreme _______ of woman encouraged by the Petrachan tradition.6.Parad ise Lost presents the author’s view in an ______，_______ form. It is based on the _______legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race-______，and _______，and involves God and his eternal adversary _____in its plot.7.Bunyan’s most important wo rk is _________，written in the old-fashioned，medieval form of ________ and _________.8.Christia has two objects，---to get rid of his ______，which holds the sins and fears of his life，and to make his way.II. Find out the work from column A and its content from column B.1. （）II Penseroso a. defense of the Revolution2. （）Lycidas b. Satan against God3. （）Comas c. about dear friend4. （）Areopagitica d. happiness5. （）Eikonolastes e. meditation6. （）Defense for the English People f. masque7. （）Paradise Lost g. attack on the censorship8. （）L’Allegro h. justifying the excutionIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1 .Blank Verse2. Three Unities3. Conceit4. Stanza5. Elegy6 .Allegory7. GenreLiterary CriticismIV. Answer the following questions.1.What are the different aspects between the literature of Elizabeth period and that of the Revolution period？2.Give a brief analysis of Satan，the central figure in ParadiseLost.3.Why do people say Samson is Milton？4.In your opinion，why is “The Pilgrim’s P rogress” successful？英国文学史及选读Chapter6发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:29 共34人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Age of Enlightenment EnglandI. Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or phrase according to th etextbook.1.The Revolution of 1688，which banished the last of the _____ kings，marks the end of the long struggle for political freedom in England.2.Another feature of the age was the rapid development of _________.3.It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions：the reign of so-called _____，the revival of _______ poetry，and the beginnings of the _______.4.The philosophy of the nlighteners，though ________ ________ and _________ in its essence，did not exclude senses，or sentiments，as a means of perception and learning.5.The most outstanding figure of English sentimentalism was ________.6.The Tarler and _______ _________ were Steele and Addison’s chief contribution to English literature.7.Robinson Crusoe is largely an ______ ________ ________ story，rather than the study of ______ _______ which Defoe probably intended it to be.8.Gulliver’s adventures begins with ______________，who are so small that Gulliver isa giant among them.9.The poem，which Addison named ______ _______，was hailed throughout England as a great work.10.In the essays of the 16th century，French writer ____ set the model for more familiar，personal and discursive discussion.11.Fielding’s laternovels are _______________，was inspired by the success of Ri chardson’s novel Pamela.12.As________，Goldsmith is among the best of the century.13. The greatest of _______ poets is Robert Burns.II. Match the theirs works in column A writers/genres with in column B.⑴1. （）The Deserted Village a. Thomas Gary2. （）The Village b. George Crabble3. （）Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard c. Oliver Goldsmith4. （）The Seasons d. James Thomson5. （）The Rape of the Lock e. William Blake6. （）The Chimney Sweeper f. Alexander Pope7. （） A Red，Red Rose g. Robert Burns⑵1. （）A Sentimental Journey a. Daniel Defoe2. （）The Vicar of Wakefield b. Jonathan Swift3. （）The School for Scandal c.John Bunyan4. （）The History of a Young Lady d. Horace Walpole5. （）Tom Jones e. Laurence Sterne6. （）The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle f. Oliver Goldsmith7. （）Robinson Crusoe g. Richard B. Sheridam8. （）Gulliver’s Tra vels h. Samuel Richardson9. （）The Castle of Otranto i. T. G. Smollet10.（）The Pilgrim’s Progress j. Fielding.⑶1. （）The Vicar of Wakefield a. essay2. （）She Stoops to Conquerb. poem3. （）The Citizen of the world c. novel4. （）The Deserted Village d. comedyIII.Define the leterature terms listed below.1.Enlightenment Movement2.Realistic Novel3.Gothic novel4.Heroic Couplet5.Mock Epic6.Bildungsroman7.Epitaph8.Farce9.Imagism10.RhymeIV. Answer the following questions.1.What is Pope’s position in English literature？2.What are the features of Sterne’s novels？3.What are the narrative festures of Gulliver’s Travel？4.What is Dr. Johnson’s comment on Addison’s prose？5.What is Fielding’s style？6.Why is Burn’s poetry important？英国文学史及选读Chapter7发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:28 共27人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Romantic PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.With the publication of William Wordworth’s _____ in Collaboration with S. T. Coleridge，________ began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.2.The most important and decisive factor in the develoment of literature is _____，English Romanticism was greatly influenced by the _______ and _______.3.The greatest historical novelist _____ was produced in the Romantic Age.4.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems，one is Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage，the other is ________.5.Shelley’s poem _______ （1816），is vaguely autobiographical acount of a youn g poet’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture his envisional ideal.6.Ode to a Nightingale was written by _______.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.The brilliant literary criticiam Biographis literaria is written by Samuel Johnson.III. Write the author of the following literary works.1. Song of Innocence2. The Prelude3. Kubla Khan4. Don Juan5. Prometheus Unbound6. Ode to the West Wind7. Ode on a Greciam Urn8. Pride and Prejudice9. Poor RelationsIV. Match the authors in column A with the works in columnB.1. Dante a. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2.Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale3. Wordsworth c. Gain4. Keats d. Prometheus Unbound5. Shelley e. Divine ComedyV. Define the following terms.1.Romanticism/doc/a410999246.htmlke poetsVI. Answer the following questions.1.How does Wordsworth define the poet？2.What kinds of stylistic devices are used in Ode to the West Wind？3.Co mment on Austen’s writing festures.英国文学史及选读Chapter7发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:28 共27人浏览[大] [中] [小]The Romantic PeriodI. Fill in the following blanks.1.With the publication of William Wordworth’s _____ in Collaboration with S. T. Coleridge，________ began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.2.The most important and decisive factor in the develomentof literature is _____，English Romanticism was greatly influenced by the _______ and _______.3.The greatest historical novelist _____ was produced in the Romantic Age.4.Byron is chiefly known for his two long poems，one is Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage，the other is ________.5.Shelley’s poem _______ （1816），is vaguely autobiographical acount of a young poet’s unsuccessful attempt to recapture his envisional ideal.6.Ode to a Nightingale was written by _______.II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The Romantics emphasized the special qualities of each individual’s mind.2.The brilliant literary criticiam Biographis literaria is written by Samuel Johnson.III. Write the author of the following literary works.1. Song of Innocence2. The Prelude3. Kubla Khan4. Don Juan5. Prometheus Unbound6. Ode to the West Wind7. Ode on a Greciam Urn8. Pride and Prejudice9. Poor RelationsIV. Match the authors in column A with the works in columnB.1. Dante a. I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud2.Byron b. Ode to a Nightingale3. Wordsworth c. Gain4. Keats d. Prometheus Unbound5. Shelley e. Divine ComedyV. Define the following terms.1.Romanticism/doc/a410999246.htmlke poetsVI. Answer the following questions.1.How does Wordsworth define the poet？2.What kinds of stylistic devices are used in Ode to the West Wind？/doc/a410999246.htmlment on Austen’s writing festures.英国文学史及选读Chapter9发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-08-16 17:26 共37人浏览[大] [中] [小]The 20TH Century LiteratureI. Fill in the following blanks.1.Those “novels of character and enviorement” by T homas Hardy are the most representative of him as both a _______ and a critical realist writer.2.The trilogy “The Forsyte Saga” consists of The Man of Propert y，In Chancery and_________./doc/a410999246.htmlwrence first novel，_________________，was received with respect.4.Virginia Woolf’s novel ________________，published in 1925，made her reputation as an important psychological writer.5._________is the m ost outstanding stream of consciousnessnovelist.II. Define the literary terms.1.Imagism2.ModernismIII. Find the relevant match from column B for each item in column A.1. James Joyce a. Neo-classicism2. Ezra Pound b. An active romantic3. William Wordsworth c. Humanism4. Oscar Wilde d. Transcendantalism5. Walter Scott e. A radical enlightenner6. Alezander Pope f. Imagism7. Johanthan Swift g. Aestheticism8. Percy Bysshe Shelley h. A lake Poet9. William Shakespeare i. Stream of consciousness10. Henry，David Thoreau j. A historical novelistIV. Give a brief comment on the c haracteristic of Hardy’s novels.。
一到一百的英语序数词
一到一百的英语序数词The English language is rich in its vocabulary, and one of the most fascinating aspects of it is the ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers are used to indicate the position or order of something in a sequence, and they range from "first" to "one hundredth" in the English language. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of English ordinal numbers from one to one hundred.First, let us start with the basic ordinal numbers. The first ordinal number is "first," followed by "second," "third," "fourth," and "fifth." These ordinal numbers are commonly used in everyday situations, such as describing the order of events, ranking positions, or identifying the placement of items.As we move on, the ordinal numbers become slightly more complex. From "sixth" to "twentieth," the ordinal numbers follow a straightforward pattern, with the suffix "-th" added to the end of the cardinal number. For example, "sixth," "seventh," "eighth," and so on, up to "twentieth."However, the pattern changes slightly for the ordinal numbers from "twenty-first" to "ninety-ninth." In these cases, the ordinal number is formed by combining the cardinal number with the suffix "-st," "-nd," "-rd," or "-th," depending on the ending of the cardinal number. For instance, "twenty-first," "thirty-second," "forty-third," and "ninety-ninth."The final ordinal number in our range is "one hundredth." This number is unique in its construction, as it is derived from the cardinal number "one hundred" rather than a single-digit number. The suffix "-th" is added to the end to create the ordinal form.It is important to note that the ordinal numbers from "first" to "tenth" have distinct forms that do not directly correspond to their cardinal number counterparts. For example, the cardinal number "one" becomes "first" in the ordinal form, and "two" becomes "second." This irregularity can be challenging for language learners, but it is an integral part of the English ordinal number system.Furthermore, the ordinal numbers can be used in a variety of contexts, from academic and professional settings to everyday conversations. They are commonly used to indicate the order of items in a list, the position of a person in a ranking, or the sequence of events in a chronological narrative.In academic contexts, ordinal numbers are often used to reference specific chapters, sections, or pages within a text. For example, a student might be asked to read the "third chapter" of a book or to analyze the "fifteenth slide" in a presentation.In professional settings, ordinal numbers are used to denote the order of items in a process or procedure. For instance, a manufacturing manual might instruct workers to follow a specific sequence of steps, such as the "first," "second," and "third" steps in an assembly line.Ordinal numbers are also prevalent in everyday language, where they are used to describe the order of events, the placement of items, or the ranking of individuals. For example, a person might say they were "the fourth person in line" or that they "finished the race in twenty-second place."Overall, the English ordinal numbers from one to one hundred are an essential part of the language, providing a structured way to express the order and position of things. Understanding and mastering these ordinal numbers can greatly enhance one's ability to communicate effectively in a wide range of contexts, from academic and professional settings to casual conversations.。
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