July_2008-speech_in_SH_exchange

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2008年高考英语试题及参考答案(上海卷)

中英合作采购与供应管理职业资格证书考试计划一、指导思想中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书是根据中华人民共和国职业教育法、中华人民共和国劳动法和国务院关于深化教育改革全面推进素质教育的决定精神而设立的，其目的是面向未来中国经济的发展，提高我国采购与供应管理人员的业务素质、管理水平和职业能力，促进我国采购与供应专业人士参与国内、国际竞争的能力。

二、培养目标中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书、英国皇家采购与供应认证证书考试是为了培养适合我国采购与供应职业发展需要和满足不同层次需求的采购与供应专业管理人士。

其基本要求是通过有关课程的学习，培养理论知识够用、职业技能实用的采购与供应管理应用型人才。

三、证书种类1．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书分为初级、中级和高级三种，由中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发。

2．英国皇家采购与供应认证证书分为“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS 三级)和“CIPS采购与供应基础文凭”(ClPS四级)两种证书。

3．中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书与英国皇家采购与供应认证证书相对应。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(初级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS三级证书考试课程相同，中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(中级)与英国皇家采购与供应CIPS四级证书考试课程相同。

中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书(高级)课程包括中级证书的五门课程和另外2门高级证书课程。

四、课程设置与中英证书的对应关系序号课程代码课程名称学分证书等级备注中国证书英国证书1 05727 采购原理与战略 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程2 05729 国际物流 5 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程3 05730采购环境与供应市场分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程4 05731采购绩效测量与商业分析6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程5 05732 采购过程与合同管理6 初级证书课程CIPS三级证书课程6 03611 采购与供应谈判 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程7 03612 采购环境 5 中级证书课程CIPS四级证书课程CIPS四级证书课8 03613 采购与供应关系管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课9 03614 采购法务与合同管理 6 中级证书课程程CIPS四级证书课10 03615 采购绩效管理 5 中级证书课程程11 03617 采购与供应链案例 5 高级证书课程CIPS六级证书课12 03618 采购项目管理 6 高级证书课程二程选CIPS六级证书课一13 03619 运作管理 6 高级证书课程程1．通过序号为1～5门课程的考核，可获得英国采购与供应学会颁发的“CIPS采购与供应高级国际证书”(CIPS三级证书)，同时获得中交协和教育部考试中心(全国考办)共同签发的中国采购与供应管理职业资格证书（初级）。

Lesson-14-speech-on-hitler's-invasion-of-the-ussr

Question 2: When was the 2nd World War?
Answer:
The 2nd World War broke out 7,1937, by Japanese Invasion
on Ju1y of China,
or
on Sept. 1, 1939, by German’s invasion of
In 1895, visited the Spanish army
In 1897, was with the British army
In 1898, took part in the battle of Omdurman in the Sudan as a war correspondent
In 1899, set out for the Boer War as correspondent to the London Morning Post
III. Additional Background Material for
Sir Winston Churchill
Early Life
Born on Nov. 30, 1874, at Blenheim Palace
In 1888, he went to Harrow and then to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst and graduated in1894.
In 1900, entered the House of Commons.
Young Politician
In 1904, joined the Liberals.
By 1908, was a member of Lord Asquith’s cabinet.

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.8 This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased2.[A] unique[B] particular[C] special[D] rare3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against4.[A] subsequently[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately5.[A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] protests[D] objects8.[A] progress[B] fact[C] need[D] question9.[A] attaining[B] scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers13.[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve14.[A] moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile15.[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried on[D] put down16.[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing17.[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument18.[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed20.[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’redealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow onlysubscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28.According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29.With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30.Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern stateswould not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37.We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) ____________________Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) ___________________ Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) ___________________ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44) ___________________These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) ___________________Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines sothat you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, payparticular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C]It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printermay look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you havedeveloped a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, whichexplains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” thestudent brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, youwill very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, forwhich reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.达尔文认为，正是这种困难迫使他长时间专心思考每一个句子，这也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。

大学英语(正式题)

题号:1 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:349 题型：单选题内容:No one was able to explain the _____ of the old custom. 选项:A:beginningB:reasonC:causeD:origin标准答案:d题号:2 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:350 题型：单选题内容:A lot of new buildings _______on both banks of the river now. 选项:A:were built B:buildsC:are being built D:are building标准答案:c题号:3 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:351 题型：单选题内容:The traffic policeman asked the lost child_______. 选项:A:how old he was B:how old was he C:how old he is D:how old is he标准答案:a题号:4 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:352 题型：单选题内容:Sam's new apartment is in a _____ building. 选项:A:twelve-stories B:twelfth-stories C:twelve-story D:twelfth story标准答案:c题号:5 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:353 题型：单选题内容:She used to dress herself_____front of the mirror before breakfast. 选项:A:onB:inC:upD:at标准答案:b题号:6 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:354 题型：单选题内容:He held a sword in one hand and a pistol in______. 选项:A:the otherB:anotherC:otherD:other's标准答案:a题号:7 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:355 题型：单选题内容:The house is in perfect condition, _____ a few scratches on one of the doors. 选项:A:except forB:exceptC:besidesD:apart from标准答案:a题号:8 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:356 题型：单选题内容:His method of doing research work is hardly appreciated; he feels ______others. 选项:A:inferior toB:inferior thanC:more inferior than D:the inferior than标准答案:a题号:9 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:357 题型：单选题内容:Mrs. Carey went to the airport to _____ . 选项:A:see him offB:see off himC:see him throughD:see through him标准答案:a题号:10 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:358 题型：单选题内容:I have made an_____ for my mother to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow. 选项:A:interviewB:appointmentC:opportunityD:possibility标准答案:b题号:11 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:359 题型：单选题内容:She didn't go to the cinema last night , ____she had to finish her term paper. 选项:A:asB:ifC:tillD:though标准答案:a题号:12 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:360 题型：单选题内容:_______, we went swimming in the river. 选项:A:The day being very hot B:It was a very hot day C:The day was very hotD:Being a very hot day 标准答案:a题号:13 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:361 题型：单选题内容:I have found some articles ____ the harmful effects of drinking. 选项:A:being concerned B:concerned C:to concern D:concerning标准答案:d 题号:14 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:362 题型：单选题内容:So loudly ____ that people could hear it out in the street. 选项:A:did the students play the music B:the students playing the music C:the students played the music D:have the students played the music标准答案:a 题号:15 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:363 题型：单选题内容:How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ________ than I had expected. 选项:A:far more interesting B:even much interesting C:so more interesting D:a lot much interesting标准答案:a 题号:16 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:364 题型：单选题内容:Don't smoke in the meeting-room, ____? 选项:A:do youB:will you C:can you D:could you标准答案:b 题号:17 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:365 题型：单选题内容: I learned to _______ a bicycle when I was a small boy. 选项: A:drive B:run C:operate D:ride标准答案:d 题号:18 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:366 题型：单选题内容: The library needs ______, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. 选项: A:cleaning B:be cleaned C:clean D:being cleaned标准答案:a 题号:19 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:367 题型：单选题内容: He suggested that the thief ______ put into prison. 选项: A:is B:was C:be D:being标准答案:c 题号:20 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:368 题型：单选题内容: Experienced drivers have __________ accidents than beginners. 选项:B:fewC:littleD:fewer标准答案:d题号:21 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:369题型：单选题内容:John's success in his career will be a great ___ to his aged parents.选项:A:satisfactionB:solutionC:concentrationD:attraction标准答案:a题号:22 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:370题型：单选题内容:Last night a fire _____ in that market, so the firm suffered a heavy loss.选项:A:broke upB:broke offC:broke downD:broke out标准答案:d题号:23 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:371题型：单选题内容:The mother was delighted to hear the child ______ that.选项:A:to sayB:saidC:to have saidD:say标准答案:d题号:24 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:372题型：单选题内容:It was not just the size of the party last night ______ made it unique, but ____ it meant to our company.A:that/ that B:that/what C:what/that D:what/what标准答案:b 题号:25 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:373 题型：单选题内容: He heard a big noise and had to _______ to the roadside to have a look. 选项: A:pull up B:pull out C:pull over D:pull on标准答案:c 题号:26 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:374 题型：单选题内容: I am ______ seeing him. 选项: A:looking forward to B:expecting C:wanting D:waiting标准答案:a 题号:27 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:375 题型：单选题内容: She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 选项: A:whom B:which C:while D:when标准答案:c 题号:28 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:376 题型：单选题内容:Can you believe that in ____ a rich country there are _____ many poor people? 选项:A:so/ so B:such/ so C:such/ such D:so/ such标准答案:b题号:29 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:377 题型：单选题内容:I won't go to Japan next week. _______. 选项:A:He won't neither. B:Neither will he. C:Neither he will D:Neither won't he.标准答案:b题号:30 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:378 题型：单选题内容:It is high time that you _______ the problem carefully about how to improve your study grades. 选项:A:study B:must study C:studied D:have studied标准答案:c题号:31 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:379 题型：单选题内容:You can't see the president ______ you've made an appointment with him. 选项:A:ifB:except C:whenD:unless标准答案:d题号:32 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:380 题型：单选题内容:He was caught in the rain yesterday, ________, he fell ill this morning. 选项:A:in contrastB:on the contraryC:as a resultD:in other words标准答案:c题号:33 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:381 题型：单选题内容:_________ your advice yesterday, I would have missed the finest part of the lecture. 选项:A:If I didn't takeB:Had I not takenC:If I haven't takenD:Provided I didn't take标准答案:b题号:34 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:382 题型：单选题内容:Only when I began to do it _______ that I had made a mistake. 选项:A:I realizeB:I had realizedC:did I realizeD:would I realize标准答案:c题号:35 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:383 题型：单选题内容:He ________ live in the remote rural areas than in the big bustling cities. 选项:A:prefers toB:would ratherC:likes toD:had better标准答案:b题号:36 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:384题型：单选题内容:An old friend from abroad, ______ I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me. 选项:A:that B:whom C:who D:which标准答案:b 题号:37 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:385 题型：单选题内容:My new shoes cost me $20. The price was ______ that of the last pair I bought a year ago. 选项:A:more than twice B:as much as twice C:as twice D:twice as much as标准答案:d 题号:38 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:386 题型：单选题内容: Judges must be independent ______ political pressure. 选项:A:toB:ofC:under D:on标准答案:b 题号:39 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:387 题型：单选题内容:______, he would feel exhausted after a whole day's work. 选项:A:As strong is he B:As he is strong C:Strong if he is D:Strong as he is标准答案:d题号:40 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:388 题型：单选题内容: The old woman was______her wallet. 选项: A:stolen from B:robbed of C:stolen of D:robbed from标准答案:b 题号:41 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:389 题型：单选题内容:I read an interesting ______ in a newspaper about farming today. 选项: A:article B:advertisement C:description D:exploration标准答案:a 题号:42 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:390 题型：单选题内容: Shortly after we ______, a waiter came over to our table with a smile. 选项: A:seated B:were seated C:sat ourselves D:took places标准答案:b 题号:43 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:391 题型：单选题内容:He was last seen in public on the ______ of his daughter's wedding. 选项: A:event B:occasion C:chance D:view标准答案:b 题号:44 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:392 题型：单选题内容:The school committee naturally hope that their choice of the play will be _____ with the school and parents. 选项:A:popular B:fortunate C:favorite D:pleased标准答案:a 题号:45 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:393 题型：单选题内容:I not only spoke English very clearly _____ very fluently as well. 选项:A:andB:orC:butD:than标准答案:c 题号:46 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:394 题型：单选题内容:The painting was a valuable family possession, which had been _____ from generation to generation. 选项:A:handed over B:handed down C:handed out D:handed off标准答案:b 题号:47 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:395 题型：单选题内容:Their friendship deepened with the _____ of time. 选项:A:procession B:evaporation C:elimination D:passage标准答案:d题号:48 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:396 题型：单选题内容:It's raining outside. Please wipe your shoes on the carpet ________ in the hall before coming in. 选项:A:layB:laidC:liedD:lain标准答案:b题号:49 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:397 题型：单选题内容:________ open the door for you ? 选项:A:Will IB:Shall IC:Would you like that D:Do you want that标准答案:b题号:50 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:398 题型：单选题内容:Las week he promised that he _______ , but he hasn't arrived yet. 选项:A:will comeB:is comingC:would have come D:would come标准答案:d题号:51 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:399 题型：单选题内容:There are 50 students in this class, ________ are working hard. 选项:A:most of them B:most of whom C:most of whichD:and most of whom 标准答案:b题号:52 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:400 题型：单选题内容:________with the developed countries, some African countries are left far behind in terms of people's living st 选项: A:Compare B:To compare C:Compared D:Comparing标准答案:c 题号:53 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:401 题型：单选题内容:I stayed up all night ______ to find a new solution to the problem. 选项: A:trying B:have tried C:try D:tired标准答案:a 题号:54 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:402 题型：单选题内容: The city of London, ______ repeatedly in 1940 and 1941, lost many of its famous attractions. 选项: A:bombed B:to bomb C:bombing D:having bombed标准答案:a 题号:55 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:403 题型：单选题内容: We were all excited at the news ______ our annual sales had doubled again. 选项: A:which B:thatC:itD:what标准答案:b题号:56 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:404 题型：单选题内容:That was the first time I _______ English with a foreigner. 选项:A:spoke B:speak C:have spoken D:had spoken标准答案:d题号:57 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:405 题型：单选题内容:_______got in the rice than it began to rain heavily. 选项:A:No sooner have they B:No sooner had they C:No sooner they have D:No sooner they had标准答案:b题号:58 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:406 题型：单选题内容:We hoped that by the end of the year we _______ the job. 选项:A:had finished B:finished C:would have finished D:will finish标准答案:c题号:59 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:407 题型：单选题内容:It's better to avoid _______ downtown during the rush hour. 选项:A:to driveC:having driven D:to be driving标准答案:b 题号:60 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:408 题型：单选题内容: If I work in a small factory, it is not ______ for me to gain much experience. 选项: A:weekly B:friendly C:likely D:lively标准答案:c 题号:61 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:409 题型：单选题内容: Judging from his accent, I can _______ that he is from the south. 选项: A:speak B:tell C:see D:show标准答案:b 题号:62 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:410 题型：单选题内容: She has ______ her mind and is going to Canada instead of Japan. 选项: A:changed B:exchanged C:decided D:made标准答案:a 题号:63 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:411 题型：单选题内容: He _________ several jackets and finally picked out a blue one. 选项:B:took onC:got onD:tried on标准答案:d题号:64 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:412题型：单选题内容:When I came through the customs at the airport, I had to pay ______ on the wine I had bought. 选项:A:taxesB:dutyC:ratesD:allowance标准答案:b题号:65 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:413题型：单选题内容:Skillful farming ______ them to support a a large population.选项:A:commandedB:demandedC:enabledD:required标准答案:c题号:66 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:414题型：单选题内容:The workers went on strike against the government's plan_______ the prices of daily necessities. 选项:A:onB:atC:forD:with标准答案:b题号:67 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:415题型：单选题内容:The dictionary will prove _______ to you in your English study.选项: A:being of some use B:be of some use C:to be some of use D:of some of use标准答案:c 题号:68 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:416 题型：单选题内容: The generation _____ makes it difficult for parents to understand their children's opinions. 选项: A:division B:separation C:gap D:interval标准答案:c 题号:69 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:417 题型：单选题内容: All foreign visitors are requested to _____ with the regulations in this area. 选项: A:agree B:comply C:consent D:conform标准答案:b 题号:70 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:418 题型：单选题内容: Because of the strong sun Mrs. William's new dining room curtains _____ from dark blue to gray within a year. 选项: A:faded B:fainted C:paled D:diminished标准答案:a 题号:71 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:419 题型：单选题内容:The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the city because they had more _____. 选项:A:at length B:at last C:at stake D:at ease标准答案:c题号:72 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:420 题型：单选题内容:The managing director promised that he would _____ me as soon as he had any further information. 选项:A:communicate B:notice C:notify D:note标准答案:c题号:73 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:421 题型：单选题内容:The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause _____ of vegetables in the coming days. 选项:A:rarity B:scarcity C:invalidity D:variety标准答案:b题号:74 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:422 题型：单选题内容:We won't know whether it will be successful. We won't know whether there will be good _____. 选项:A:endsB:results C:effects D:causes标准答案:b题号:75 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:423 题型：单选题内容:The speaker _____ several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic. 选项:A:held on B:worked out C:touched on D:kept out of标准答案:c 题号:76 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:424 题型：单选题内容: These plastic flowers look so _____ that many people think they are real. 选项:A:beautiful B:natural C:artificial D:similar标准答案:b 题号:77 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:425 题型：单选题内容:As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______ the problem. 选项:A:handle B:raise C:face D:present标准答案:a 题号:78 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:426 题型：单选题内容: Would you like to join us in the game? _____, for I have something important to attend to. 选项:A:I will B:I'd love to C:I won't D:I'm afraid not标准答案:d题号:79 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:427 题型：单选题内容:_____ a moment and I will go to your rescue. 选项:A:Go on B:Hold on C:Move to D:Carry on标准答案:b 题号:80 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:428 题型：单选题内容:It is often said that the joy of traveling is __________ in arriving at your destination ___________ in the jou 选项:A: / … but B:/ … or C:not … or D:not … but标准答案:c 题号:81 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:429 题型：单选题内容:I'm still working on my project. Oh, you'll miss the deadline. Time is ____________.选项:A:running out B:going out C:giving out D:losing out标准答案:a 题号:82 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:430 题型：单选题内容: Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______ the traditional customs. 选项:A:perform B:possess C:observe标准答案:c 题号:83 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:431 题型：单选题内容: The teacher stressed again that the students should not ______ any important details while retelling the story.选项: A:bring out B:let out C:leave out D:make out标准答案:c 题号:84 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:432 题型：单选题内容: If their marketing plans succeed, they ____ their sales by 20 percent. 选项: A:will increase B:have been increasing C:have increased D:would be increasing标准答案:a 题号:85 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:433 题型：单选题内容: Could I ask you a rather personal question? Sure, ____.选项: A:pardon me B:go ahead C:good idea D:forget it标准答案:b 题号:86 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:434 题型：单选题内容: Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____. 选项:B:contained C:loaded D:saved标准答案:b题号:87 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:435 题型：单选题内容:Do you know Anna's telephone number? ____. As a matter of fact, I don't know any Anna, either.选项:A:I think so B:I'm afraid not C:I hope so D:I'd rather not标准答案:b题号:88 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:436 题型：单选题内容:To know more about the British Museum, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or _______. 选项:A:neither B:someC:allD:both标准答案:d题号:89 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:437 题型：单选题内容:It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. 选项:A:howB:which C:thatD:where标准答案:d题号:90 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:438 题型：单选题内容:The wealthy lady has great sympathy _______ the poor children. 选项:A:atB:inC:forD:with标准答案:c题号:91 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:439 题型：单选题内容:I got up early, but I _____ so, because I had no work to do that morning. 选项:A:shouldn't have doneB:mustn't doC:needn't have doneD:needn't do标准答案:c题号:92 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:440 题型：单选题内容:Under no circumstances _________ those unreasonable terms. 选项:A:we shall acceptB:shall we acceptC:accept weD:must be accepting标准答案:b题号:93 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:441 题型：单选题内容:It was with great delight that I read in your February _____ the letter to the Editor written by Prof. Johnson.选项:A:issueB:printingC:magazineD:copy标准答案:a题号:94 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:442题型：单选题内容:My house is very _____ for getting to work as it is only a few minutes from the station. 选项:A:comfortable B:suitable C:convenient D:available标准答案:c 题号:95 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:443 题型：单选题内容:Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together. 选项:A:suit B:fit C:compare D:match标准答案:d 题号:96 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:445 题型：单选题内容:The message is very important, so it is supposed _______as soon as possible. 选项:A:to be sent B:to send C:being sent D:sending标准答案:a 题号:97 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:446 题型：单选题内容: Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher. 选项:A:how far B:how soon C:how often D:how long标准答案:a题号:98 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:447 题型：单选题内容:Tom is one of those students who ______ friendly : however, it is very hard to get along with him.选项:A:is appeared to be B:are appeared to be C:appears to be D:appear to be标准答案:d题号:99 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:448 题型：单选题内容:Some people consider ______ cruel to use animals for experiment. 选项:A:that itB:itC:it beD:it being标准答案:b题号:100 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:449 题型：单选题内容:Tom got very angry when he realized he ______. 选项:A:was being made fun of B:is made fun of C:had made fun of D:has been made fun of标准答案:a题号:101 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:450 题型：单选题内容:The noise around was terrible, but they had to ____it. 选项:A:put up with B:keep up with C:come up with D:catch up with标准答案:a题号:102 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:451 题型：单选题内容:The engine ______ smoke and steam. 选项:A:gives upB:gives inC:gives offD:gives away标准答案:c题号:103 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:452 题型：单选题内容:The defeated army had to _______ hastily from the field of battle to the coast. 选项:A:withdrawB:retreatC:marchD:surrender标准答案:b题号:104 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:453 题型：单选题内容:Jim's record was ________ on the team. 选项:A:not so good as all the plays B:not so good as any other player's C:not good as the players D:not good as that of any player's标准答案:b题号:105 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:454 题型：单选题内容:Mother is ______ us a meal. We may wash our hands and ______ the meal. 选项:A:preparing, prepare. B:preparing, prepare for C:preparing for, prepareD:preparing for, prepare for 标准答案:b题号:106 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:455 题型：单选题内容:The symbols of mathematics _____ we are familiar are signs of addition, subtraction and division, multiplication 选项:A:to which B:which C:with which D:in which标准答案:c 题号:107 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:456 题型：单选题内容: Unfortunately, I _______ my umbrella in the bus yesterday. 选项:A:forgot B:remembered C:left D:laid标准答案:c 题号:108 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:457 题型：单选题内容:I ate_____sandwich while I was waiting for_____20:08 train. 选项:A:the, a B:the, the C:a, the D:a, a标准答案:c 题号:109 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:458 题型：单选题内容: Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea _____the party is to be held? 选项:A:what B:whichD:where标准答案:d题号:110 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:459 题型：单选题内容:_____the project as planned, we'll have to work two more hours a day. 选项:A:CompletingB:CompleteC:CompletedD:To complete标准答案:d题号:111 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:460 题型：单选题内容:Last night Mr. Crook didn't come back at the usual time. ___ , he met some friends and stayed out until midnigh 选项:A:MeanwhileB:HoweverC:InsteadD:Yet标准答案:c题号:112 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:461 题型：单选题内容:I thought we'd be late for the concert,_____ we ended up getting there ahead of time. 选项:A:butB:orC:soD:for标准答案:a题号:113 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:462 题型：单选题内容:Do you have any problems if you ___this job? Well, I'm thinking about the salary…A:offer B:will offer C:are offered D:will be offered标准答案:c 题号:114 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:463 题型：单选题内容: It makes no difference to me _______ Mr. Smith will come or not. 选项: A:when B:whether C:that D:how标准答案:b 题号:115 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:464 题型：单选题内容: He bought an expensive coat ____ he had no job. 选项: A:although B:since C:unless D:till标准答案:a 题号:116 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:465 题型：单选题内容: It's reported that the police are _______ the area for the criminal. 选项: A:processing B:operating C:searching D:handling标准答案:c 题号:117 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:466 题型：单选题内容:If you ______ your children well, you will be proud of them. 选项:A:catch up B:bring up C:feed up D:grow up标准答案:b 题号:118 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:467 题型：单选题内容: Bob: Here you are, 20 dollars. Cashier: Thanks. ___________. Next one, please.选项:A:That's all B:You are welcome C:Here's your change D:what's wrong?标准答案:c 题号:119 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:468 题型：单选题内容: Interviewer: Mr. Wang, I'm very much impressed. There's no need for further questions. Wang : ___________ 选项:A:Thank you for your time B:Really? That's great. C:It's my pleasure D:Sorry. I didn't mean to bother you标准答案:a 题号:120 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:469 题型：单选题内容: Man: I've been going to the gym for half a year now. Woman: ___________. You look really fit and healthy.选项:A:That's right B:Poor you C:No wayD:I can tell标准答案:d题号:121 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:470题型：单选题内容:Speaker A: I take no interest in fishing.Speaker B: ________选项:A:I do, tooB:Neither do IC:So am ID:Aren't you?标准答案:b题号:122 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:471题型：单选题内容:Speaker A: Congratulations! I hope you'll be very happy.Speaker B: ___________选项:A:Oh, that is easyB:We wilC:Why notD:Thanks, I am sure we will标准答案:d题号:123 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:472题型：单选题内容:Speaker A: Can I borrow your bike this weekend?Speaker B: Sure, _____________.选项:A:you can use it anytime you wantB:what do need it for?C:where are you going?D:but you have to pay me something back.标准答案:a题号:124 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:473题型：单选题内容:Speaker A: Sam, I'm calling to say goodbye to you, as I'm leaving this afternoon.Speaker B: _____________ 选项:A:Look after yourself and thank you for your calling B:Pay attention to your schedule. Don't be late for the train C:Thank you and don't forget to keep in touch with me. D:Take care and I wish you a pleasant journey.标准答案:d题号:125 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:474 题型：单选题内容:Speaker A: After the terrible downpour last night, it's lovely tonight, isn't it? Speaker B: ___________选项:A:Yes, isn't it?B:Yes, it isC:That's not too badD:It's hard to say标准答案:b题号:126 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:475 题型：单选题内容:Salesgirl: Good morning, Miss. Can I help you? Mary: Yes, I'd like half a kilo oranges, please. Salesgirl: _________ Anything else? Mary: No, thank you.选项:A:These oranges are for you B:Give you the oranges C:There you areD:Here are you标准答案:d题号:127 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:476 题型：单选题内容:Jane: Carol, you look very well. Carol: Thank you, Jane. You look wonderful, too. Your weekend tennis must have don you good. Jane: ____________选项:A:That's very kind of youB:Are you Kidding? Thank you anyway. C:You think so. That's encouraging. D:I don't believe it. You are flattering me.标准答案:c题号:128 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:477 题型：单选题内容:My sister used to study in a _______. 选项:A:girl schoolB:girls's schoolC:girls schoolD:girl's school标准答案:d题号:129 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:478 题型：单选题内容:The population of this factory was reduced _____ 3,000 cars a year, while costs were increased _____ 3.5 percen 选项:A:to, toB:to, byC:by, byD:by, to标准答案:b题号:130 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:479 题型：单选题内容:He _____ beer, but now he drinks wine. 选项:A:used to drinkB:wouldC:used to drinkingD:is used to drinking标准答案:a题号:131 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:480 题型：单选题内容:Would you mind telling me how much it was? ______, it was 20 dollars.选项:A:Yes, I would B:Yes, I should C:Not at all D:Yes, I do标准答案:c题号:132 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:481 题型：单选题内容:She _____ regretted the steps which had to be taken. 选项:A:firmly B:cheerfully C:sharply D:bitterly标准答案:d题号:133 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:482 题型：单选题内容:The boy fell to the ground from the tree, his eyes ______ and his hands ______. 选项:A:closing, trembled B:closed, trembling C:closing, trembling D:closed, trembled标准答案:b题号:134 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:483 题型：单选题内容:A row of back to back houses is being _____ to make way for new flats. 选项:A:pulled down B:pulled on C:pulled out D:pulled up标准答案:a题号:135 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:484 题型：单选题内容:If I ____ you, I would study much harder.选项:A:wasB:wereC:amD:would be标准答案:b题号:136 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:485 题型：单选题内容:The book is worthy of _______ .选项:A:being readB:to be readC:to readD:reading标准答案:a题号:137 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:486 题型：单选题内容:Whenever he appeared on the stage, the famous actor was always greeted with a _____ of applause from the audien 选项:A:breakB:challengeC:recognitionD:burst标准答案:d题号:138 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:542 题型：单选题内容:语音知识2（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:twentyB:sweetC:wrongD:worthy标准答案:c题号:139 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:562题型：单选题内容:语音知识3（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:courage B:operate C:package D:orange标准答案:b 题号:140 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:565 题型：单选题内容:语音知识6（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:angry B:try C:army D:copy标准答案:b 题号:141 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:566 题型：单选题内容:语音知识7（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:pear B:tear C:rear D:fear标准答案:a 题号:142 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:567 题型：单选题内容:语音知识8（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:season B:master C:husband D:slice标准答案:c题号:143 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:568 题型：单选题内容:语音知识9（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:kind B:keen C:kite D:knife标准答案:d 题号:144 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:569 题型：单选题内容:语音知识10（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:eight B:weigh C:height D:neighbor标准答案:c 题号:145 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:570 题型：单选题内容:语音知识11（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:own B:down C:allow D:crowd标准答案:a 题号:146 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:571 题型：单选题内容:语音知识12（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:fought B:ground C:cloud D:found标准答案:a题号:147 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:572 题型：单选题内容:语音知识13（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:schoolB:cheapC:teacher D:chalk标准答案:a题号:148 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:573 题型：单选题内容:语音知识14（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:meatB:pleasure C:seaD:leaf标准答案:b题号:149 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:574 题型：单选题内容:语音知识15（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:liveB:giftC:activeD:tide标准答案:d题号:150 本题分数:2 题目难度:3 题目编号:575 题型：单选题内容:语音知识16（请选出划线部分与其他三项不同的单词）选项:A:alwaysB:talkC:alsoD:altogether。

上海中级口译教程第7章

无论你志在何方，这里就是你的起航之地，是志向远大的青年才俊实现梦想的理想之地。
7-1 大学介绍 University Information
This university is so distinctive, so charged with the energy of people and space, so strong in academic power and research capacities, so flexible,so supportive in helping you arrive at your future.
7-2 饮食艺术 The Art of Eating Well
Chinese eateries come in many forms. The modest range includes small street vendors,small stalls and home styles cafes.
7-2 饮食艺术 The Art of Eating Well The Chinese really understand food and eating well. We Westerners sometimes forget the medicinal value of food but Chinese people understand this well. They gratify themselves by eating but many of my Chinese friends also choose medicinal meal. 中国人真的很懂食物，懂得饮食艺术。我们西方人有时忘了食物的医药价值，而中国人却深谙食物的药膳作用。
宴席为增进同事之间的交流提供了良机。赴宴者为达到和谐平衡的共同目标而努力，就这方面而言，宴席和中医所产生的积极作用是不谋而合的。

2021年高考英语历年真题合集含答案解析高频考点100题选择题专项训练 (4)

高考英语历年真题合集含答案解析1 . ______ the two oceans the Pacific is ______.译文. 在这两个大洋中，太平洋是最大的。

A. In; the largerB. For, largerC. Of; largerD. Of; the larger答案：D。

指两个中的另一个，用比较级时要加定冠词；在两个中介词要用of。

2 . I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I had hoped _____ me.译文. 我从没有企盼James向我道歉，但希望他能给我我打电话。

A. him callingB. that he would callC. him to callD. that he call答案：B。

hope后面跟从句和不定式；如果是从句的话，一般是将来时态。

3 . The stone on the river bank rolled under her feet; she was _____into the river，and she called out for help.译文. 河岸的石头滚到她的脚下；把她推到了河里，于是喊救命。

A. being jumpedB. jumpedC. pulledD. being pulled答案：D。

was being pulled是过去进行时的被动形式。

4 . In my bedroom, I have a small desk _____.译文. 在我的寝室，我有一个小书桌写东西。

A. to writeB. writingC. to write onD. to write with答案：C。

have sth. to do 的句型中不定式作定语只能是及物动词，和被修饰的名词有动宾关系。

5 . Children in China today have nothing ______.译文. 今天的中国孩子没有什么值得担忧的。

2008年春季中级口译听力原文评析完整版本

2008年春季中级口译听力原文评析完整版本[1] Spot-Dictation[2] Statements[3] Talks & Conversation[4] Talks & Conversation[5] Passage TranslationSpot-Dictation今年是令十三亿中国人骄傲自豪的奥运年，而与时俱进的中级口译考试当仁不让地将奥运作为了第一大题Spot-Dictation的主题。

这可是众所周知的考试热点。

不过，考试是结束了，但奥运尚未开始，让我们再来回味一下吧！本文介绍了奥林匹克的渊源，最初是为了祭祀希腊神话中的众神宙斯，然后慢慢失去了地方特色而演变为全球性的重大活动(lost its local and national characters, and became first a national event)。

虽然没有人知道奥林匹克具体追溯到哪一年，但它从公元前776年开始有了记录。

古代奥运会从第一届开始，直到公元前724年，都只有一个项目---200米短跑（200-metre dash）。

公元前708年，Pentathlon出现了。

即时考生不认识这个字，也可以根据它的前缀pent---”五”，以及后文对其的定义”5-event match, which consisted of running, wrestling, leaping, throwing the discus and hurling the javelin”猜出”五项运动”的意思。

古代奥运会从公元前776年到公元后394年，每4年举行一次，共延续了1170年。

之后，历史中断了，直到1896年现代奥运会（the first of the modern summer games）的兴起，它才再次绽放辉煌。

奥林匹克不再局限于希腊一个国家，而在世界各地轮流举行，由主办国负责提供运动场馆和运动员食宿（The host country provides vast facilities such as stadiums and living accommodation）。

语言口译服务标准指南

Designation:F2089–01Standard Guide forLanguage Interpretation Services1This standard is issued under theﬁxed designation F2089;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1This guide identiﬁes the components of quality language interpretation services and establishes criteria for each compo-nent.These criteria deﬁne the minimum standard of quality services in the language interpretation industry with reference to distinctive characteristics of speciﬁc settings.The needs analysis identiﬁes a procedure for making an informed choice of interpretation services.In the language industry,translation refers to the translation of a written text,whereas interpretation refers to the translation of spoken or signed communication.2.Professional Judgment Caveat2.1This guide offers an organized collection of information and does not recommend a speciﬁc course of action.This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service shall be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s unique aspects.The word “Standard”in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.3.Deﬁnitions of Interpretation3.1interpretation—the process of understanding and ana-lyzing a spoken or signed message and re-expressing that message faithfully,accurately and objectively in another lan-guage,taking the cultural and social context into account. 3.2simultaneous interpretation—a highly complex cogni-tive activity that requires the interpreter to listen,analyze, comprehend,convert,edit,and reproduce in real time a speaker or signer’s message while the speaker or signer continues to speak or sign,in a speciﬁc social context.3.3consecutive interpretation—a highly complex cognitive activity that requires the interpreter to listen,analyze,compre-hend,convert,edit,and reproduce the original message after the speaker or signer pauses,in a speciﬁc social context. Consecutive interpretation is likely to take longer than simul-taneous,because the interpreter does not interpret while the speaker or signer is speaking or signing.4.Referenced Documents4.1ASTM Standards:F1562Standard Guide for Use-Oriented Foreign Language Instruction24.2ISO/IEC Standards:3IEC60914:1998Conference Systems:Electrical and Audio Requirements Conference Systems:Electrical and Audio RequirementsISO2603:1998Booths for Simultaneous Interpretation—General Characteristics and Equipment Booths for Si-multaneous Interpretation—General Characteristics and EquipmentISO4043:1998Mobile Booths for Simultaneous Interpretation—General Characteristics and Equipment-Mobile Booths for Simultaneous Interpretation—General Characteristics and Equipment4.3Other Documents:Americans with Disabilities Act of1990Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary or Artistic WorksCivil Rights Act of1964Executive Order13166,August11,2000Guidance Memorandum;Title VI Prohibition Against Na-tional Origin Discrimination—Persons with Limited En-glish Proﬁciency,Office for Civil Rights,Department of Health and Human Services,August2000Patient’s Bill of Rights,American Hospital Association, 1978Universal Convention on CopyrightU.S.Department of Justice:Enforcement of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of1964—National Origin Discrimination Against Persons With Limited English Proﬁciency,“LEP Guidance,”August11,200028U.S.C.§1827Federal Court Interpreters Act(1978 Court Interpreters Act and1988Amendment)5.Terminology5.1Deﬁnitions of Terms Speciﬁc to This Standard:5.1.1active language—a working language into which an interpreter interprets.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15on ConsumerProducts and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.34on Language Interpreting.Current edition approved March10,2001.Published June2001.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol15.07.3Available from American National Standards Institute,11W.42nd St.,13th Floor,New York,NY10036.1Copyright©ASTM,100Barr Harbor Drive,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States.5.1.2“A”language —a language in which the interpreter has educated native proﬁciency in speaking and listening (see Tables 1and 2).5.1.3bidirectional interpreting —interpretation between two languages where each functions as both a source and target language (for example,an attorney-client interview where each speaks a different language).5.1.4“B”language —a language in which the interpreter has full functional proﬁciency in speaking and listening (see Tables 1and 2).5.1.5“C”language —a language in which the interpreter has full functional proﬁciency in listening (see Table 2).5.1.6client —an individual,institution or other entity that procures interpretation services.5.1.7consultant interpreter —an interpreter who contracts directly with a client to provide all interpretation services necessary,as well as related administrative and organizational tasks for the event.5.1.8domain —the subject matter,ﬁeld,sector or industry.5.1.9language combination —the set of working languages of an individual interpreter.5.1.10limited English proﬁciency (LEP)—a legal concept referring to a level of English proﬁciency that is insufficient to ensure equal access to public services provided in English without an interpreter.5.1.11multidirectional interpreting —interpretation be-tween two or more source and target languages.5.1.12passive language —a working language out of which an interpreter interprets.5.1.13provider —an entity (for example,an interpretation agency,consultant interpreter,or technological equipment company,that contracts to deliver interpretation services or a component thereof).5.1.14relay interpreting —using an interpretation of the original message as a secondary source language for interpre-tation into another target language (for example,an utterance in Japanese is interpreted directly into English,and that English output is the basis for the interpretation into French).5.1.15remote interpretation —interpretation provided by an interpreter who is not on site (for example,interpretation via telephone or videoconferencing).5.1.16setting —the domain and the type of event for which interpretation is provided.5.1.17sight translation —translation of a written document into spoken/signed language.5.1.18source language —the language of a speaker/signer who is being interpreted.5.1.19target language —the language of the person receiv-ing interpretation.5.1.20type of event —the physical location,number of participants and type of discourse.5.1.21unidirectional interpreting —interpretation from only one source language (for example,a main speaker’s presenta-tion being interpreted for listeners).TABLE 1Levels of Speaking Proﬁciency ALevel Description0No ProﬁciencySurvival Proﬁciency0+Able to satisfy immediate needs such as for lodging,meals,and transportation,using memorized or rehearsed speech only.No ﬂuency.1Minimal Functional ProﬁciencyAble to satisfy minimum courtesy requirements and maintain very simple conversations on familiar or rehearsed topics.Experiences frequent misunderstandings.Examples—Can exchange greetings,elicit predictable information,and explain routine procedures in a restricted way.2Limited Functional ProﬁciencyAble to handle routine daily interactions that are limited in scope.Able to handle conﬁdently,but not ﬂuently,most social conversations on such topics as current events,work,family,etc.Examples—Can typically ask and answer predictable questions in the workplace and receive and provide straightforward direction.3General Functional ProﬁciencyAble to speak the language with sufficient ﬂuency and accuracy to participate effectively in most formal and informal conversations on practical,social,and professional topics.However,there are noticeable linguistic and cultural imperfections that limit theindividual’s ability to participate in more sophisticated interactions such as high-level negotiation.Can typically discuss particular interests and special ﬁelds of competence with ease.Examples—Can use the language as part of normal professional duties such as answering objections,clarifying points,justifying decisions,understanding the essence of challenges,stating and defending policy,conducting meetings,delivering brieﬁngs,etc.Can reliably elicit information and informed opinion from native speakers.4Full Functional ProﬁciencyAble to use language ﬂuently and accurately on all levels pertinent to professional needs.Examples—Understands the details and ramiﬁcations of concepts that are culturally or conceptually different from one’s own.Can set the tone of interpersonal,official,semi-official,professional,and nonprofessional verbal exchanges with a representative range of native speakers (for all audiences,purposes,tasks,and settings).Can play an effective role among nativespeakers in such contexts as negotiations,conferences,lectures,and debates on matters of disagreement.Can advocate a position at length,both formally and in chance encounters,using sophisticated verbal strategies.5Educated Native ProﬁciencyAA plus sign after Levels I through 4(that is,1+,2+,3+,and 4+)indicates the ability to handle successfully all of the functions of that level and,inconsistently,some of those of the next.TABLE 2Levels of Listening Proﬁciency ALevel Description0No ProﬁciencySurvival Proﬁciency0+Able to understand short phrases based on memorized material.Slightly longer phrases may need to be repeated and frequent pauses included to be understood.1Minimal Functional ProﬁciencyAble to understand very simple statements,questions,and face-to-face conversations concerning some familiar situations and many basic needs.Repetition and slower speech are necessary for understanding.2Limited Functional ProﬁciencyAble to understand most routine conversations spoken at a normal pace relating to social and occupational situations.Some difficulty understanding common structures and vocabulary remains;occasional repetition is still needed.3General Functional ProﬁciencyAble to understand almost all conversations spoken at a normal pace without repetitions,including discussions within the individual’s occupation;readily understands phone conversations and broadcasts,but still experiences some difficulty with very fast speech,slang,and cultural references.4Full Functional ProﬁciencyAble to understand all discussions,no matter how complex,within the listener’s experience;able to understand most cultural references as well as manipulations of the language including persuasion,negotiation,conjecture,and humor.5Educated Native ProﬁciencyAA plus sign after Levels I through 4(that is,1+,2+,3+,and 4+)indicates the ability to handle successfully all of the functions of that level and,inconsistently,some of those of thenext.5.1.22whisper interpreting—whispered simultaneous inter-pretation,without equipment,for one or two listeners.5.1.23working language—a language an interpreter uses professionally.6.Summary of Guide6.1When two or more people are unable to communicate with each other due to language differences,they need an interpreter.The interpreter’s task is to remove the language barrier to the extent possible.The interpreter enables the participants to communicate in real time almost as if there were no language barrier.The participants should be aware that everything said or signed will be interpreted and that all participants should interact directly with each other as if they were in a monolingual environment.6.2When interpreting,the interpreter may speak/sign either at the same time(simultaneous interpretation)or after the speaker/signer pauses(consecutive interpretation;see3.2,3.3, and10.1).6.3The interpretation may be from one language into another only(unidirectional)or back and forth between lan-guages(bi-or multi-directional).6.4The setting in which the interpretation takes place will dictate the particulars of how the interpretation is carried out (see Section11).6.5In certain settings,the provision of interpreters is mandated by governmental and/or regulatory bodies(for ex-ample,Executive Order13166,August11,2000and US Department of Justice“LEP Guidance,”August11,2000).7.Signiﬁcance and Use7.1This guide is intended to serve clients and providers of language interpretation services and the institutions providing professional training for interpreters.It is the responsibility of clients and providers of language services to ensure that participants in interpreted events are informed of how to best make use of interpretation services.7.2To ensure quality interpretation,the following compo-nents shall be considered.These components are discussed in detail in subsequent sections.7.2.1Interpreter Qualiﬁcations—Assists the client and pro-vider in determining the interpreter qualiﬁcations appropriate to the need at hand.These qualiﬁcations consist of command of languages,interpreting skills,and knowledge of subject matter (see Section8).7.2.2Needs Analysis—Assists the client in determining the components of the service which correspond to the most appropriate,reliable,cost-effective,and efficient solution for the need at hand.Provides the client with a process for the procurement of high quality interpretation services(see Section 9).7.2.3Elements Common to All Interpreted Events—Describes factors that all interpretation settings share(see Section10).7.2.4Settings—Assists the client and provider in identify-ing factors speciﬁc to interpretation in a given setting,which may include a description of the domain and type of event, mode of interpretation,interpreter qualiﬁcations,responsibili-ties of all participants as well as limitations and complicating factors in speciﬁc settings(see Section11).7.2.5Technological Requirements—Describes the equip-ment for particular modes of interpretation that may be used in speciﬁc settings and types of events(see Section12).7.2.6Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct—Deﬁnes a code of ethics and professional conduct for interpreters.All professional interpreters are expected to adhere to this code (see Section13).7.2.7Responsibilities of Providers—Deﬁnes the responsi-bilities of providers to clients and interpreters when offering and implementing interpretation services(see Section14). 7.2.8Responsibilities of Clients—Describes responsibilities of clients to providers and interpreters that are not covered elsewhere in this guide(see Section15).8.Interpreter Qualiﬁcations8.1Interpretation is a complex,demanding task that re-quires an excellent command of languages,possession of skills and abilities speciﬁc to interpretation,and knowledge of the subject matter being interpreted.Bilingualism alone is insuffi-cient.8.2Command of Languages:8.2.1Languages that interpreters use professionally are usually referred to as working languages(see Fig.1).Inter-preters shall constantly maintain their working languages at a high level of proﬁciency.8.3Interpreting Skills and Abilities:8.3.1In addition to the command of languages as described above,the interpretation process requires the following skills and abilities.These interpreting skills and abilities may be documented through formal training in the skill of interpreta-tion,testing,a degree,certiﬁcation,and professional experi-ence.Interpreting skills and abilities include:8.3.1.1Attention Skills—In order to listen at a high level of concentration,enabling the interpreter to analyze the meaning of the message completely and accurately at all times;8.3.1.2Analytical Skills—In order to construe the meaning of the message completely and accurately under severe time constraints;8.3.1.3Memory Skills—In order to retain the message long enough to render it completely and accurately in the target language while under stress;8.3.1.4Language Transfer Skills—In order to rapidly and efficientlyﬁnd the congruent expression in the target language.8.3.1.5Note-taking Skills—In order to support memory in consecutive interpretation for spoken languages and,in lan-guage pairs with greater grammatical differences,simultaneous interpretation.The interpreter should have a note-taking sys-tem that is speciﬁc to the task of interpretation.Working LanguagesActive Language(Working Language Into and Out of Which One In-terprets)Passive Language(Working Language Outof Which One Interprets)“A”Language:Educated nativespeaking andlistening proﬁciency(see Tables1and2)“B”Language:Full functionalspeaking andlistening proﬁciency(see Tables1and2)“C”Language:Full functionallistening proﬁciency(see Table2)FIG.1WorkingLanguages8.3.1.6Cultural Awareness —In order to understand and render the message completely and accurately,including its culturally speciﬁc references and concepts;8.3.1.7Clear and Audible Speech/Visible Signing —In order to be heard and understood by the audience with little effort at all times;8.3.1.8Demeanor Appropriate to Setting —In order to avoid calling undue attention to him/herself,which detracts from the original speaker’s message.Appropriate demeanor reﬂects the interpreter’s professionalism and includes the ability to convey emotional content without mimicking the speaker;8.3.1.9Adaptability —In order to interpret in a wide variety of settings (see Section 11);8.3.1.10Stamina —In order to provide high quality interpre-tation for the duration of the assignment;8.3.1.11Ability to Cope with Stress —In order to balance the interpretation task and related factors,such as emotionally charged subject matter and settings,travel and public-speaking,which are an inherent part of interpreting.8.4Knowledge of Subject Matter :8.4.1The interpretation process also requires knowledge of the subject matter and its terminology.8.4.1.1In general,the interpreter should have a broad general education,including familiarity with the latest devel-opments in a wide variety of ﬁelds and subject areas,which may include the following:(1)Post-secondary education or its equivalent,(2)The ability to familiarize him/herself with new ﬁelds rapidly and thoroughly,and(3)In-depth knowledge in one or more ﬁelds of special-ization,which,in certain ﬁelds,includes certiﬁcation through testing (for example,in legal and healthcare interpreting).8.4.1.2For a speciﬁc assignment,the interpreter should have a range of knowledge wide enough to understand and express complex and/or specialized subject matter in the ﬁeld.(1)To meet this objective,the interpreter needs to prepare in advance.For this purpose,the client shall provide the following:(a)Access to all relevant documents,including speaker manuscripts and slides,case ﬁles,videotapes and other media,glossaries and terminology,as well as experts in the ﬁeld,and(b)The opportunity for organizers and speakers,parties,witnesses,patients and other participants to brief the interpreter before and during the assignment.9.Needs Analysis9.1This section describes factors that clients,interpreters,and providers of interpretation services shall take into consid-eration in planning interpretation services.In order to ensure high quality interpretation,coordination between clients,inter-preters and providers is necessary.To this end,the client should be prepared to provide background information on the event.The following factors should be considered during the needs analysis process:the setting and its venue,language needs and staffing,technological needs and the availability of preparatory documents and materials (see Fig.2).9.2Setting —The needs analysis of the setting should iden-tify:FIG.2Needs AnalysisProcess9.2.1The domain(for example,business and industry, health-care,law,public sector agencies),9.2.2Type of event(for example,ﬁeld trip,press confer-ence,classroom instruction,informational interview,live broadcast,negotiation,large meeting or assembly,small meet-ing,presentation,or telephone interpreting),9.2.3Objective of the event,9.2.4Duration of event,9.2.5When interpretation is needed(that is,scheduling of interpreters),9.2.6Number of people requiring interpretation(for ex-ample,an auditorium audience or large group,etc.),9.2.7Use of remote interpretation,either telephone or videoconference,and9.2.8Special needs.9.3Venue—The needs analysis of the venue should include the following:9.3.1Seating appropriate for interpreters and participants requiring interpretation,9.3.2Adequate lighting to ensure visibility,9.3.3Direct view of the room for the interpreter,as appro-priate,and9.3.4Adequate working space for the interpreter,includinga suitable chair,water and a glass,9.3.5For Meetings:9.3.5.1Type of facility reserved for the meeting(for ex-ample,hotel,conference center,office,or boardroom),9.3.5.2Reservations for room(s),including sufficient time to install,test,and remove equipment.9.3.5.3Size of the room(s)in square feet;number of people in the room requiring interpretation and/or receivers,9.3.5.4Conﬁguration of the room(s)(for example,theatre, classroom,hollow square or U-shape,boardroom),9.3.5.5Planned use of microphones(table,lapel,lavaliere, roaming),both for speakers and participants who may ask questions,or for meetings of less than10participants,9.3.5.6Positioning of interpreter close enough to speaker(s) to hear/see and be heard/seen clearly by all participants needing the services,9.3.5.7For simultaneous interpretation,availability of built-in booths for spoken language interpretation and avail-ability of an appropriate platform for signed language interpre-tation,and9.3.5.8Adequate space for portable booths or platforms, including positioning of booths so that the spoken language interpreters have a clear view of speakers and screens,and positioning of the signed language interpreter’s platform so that the the signed language interpreter has a clear view of speakers and screens and the consumer also has a clear view of the interpreter.9.3.6For Trials and Hearings:9.3.6.1Availability of interpretation equipment in the court-room,9.3.6.2Security limitations prohibiting the use of equipment in the courtroom.If so,contact court administrator,bailiff or sheriff,9.3.6.3Responsibility for handing out and explaining the use of equipment,and9.3.6.4Use of telephone interpreting.9.3.7For health-care settings,see Checklist for Health-Care Interpreting.9.4Language Needs and Staffıng—The needs analysis of language should identify:9.4.1Language(s)the speakers/signers will use,their coun-tries of origin,and special dialects if relevant,9.4.2Language(s)the listeners/signers will use,their coun-tries of origin,and special dialects if relevant,9.4.3Source and target language combinations,9.4.4Number of listeners and speakers/signers,9.4.5Mode of interpretation,either consecutive or simulta-neous,with or without equipment,9.4.6Subject matter of the event,including complexity of content and availability of background materials or transcripts of materials and presentations,9.4.7Number of interpreters needed,their qualiﬁcations, and their language combinations,9.4.8Match between the interpreters’language combina-tions and the source and target languages of the event,9.4.9Interpreter scheduling,9.4.10Linguistic,emotional or other stress factors of which the interpreter should be aware,and9.4.11Gender issues.9.5Technological Needs—Factors to consider:9.5.1Availability of adequate amperage in the room,9.5.2Special labor requirements,TABLE3Checklist for Health-Care InterpretingEncounter InformationPatient/Health-Care Provider NameTimeDate,AddressExact Location(hospital,department,home,etc.) Remote/Face-to-Face InterpretationPreferred Interpreter GenderProvisions for PrivacySubject MaterialSocio-cultural ConsiderationsNumber of ParticipantsNumber of InterpretersEncounter LengthLanguageLanguages to be InterpretedVariety,Dialect,Accent,Etc.Specialized Subject Matter and/or Terminology Mode/Type of InterpretingSimultaneousConsecutiveSight TranslationType of EncounterMedical AppointmentSurgical ProcedureInstructionMental HealthRoundsOther(administration,pharmacy,lab,etc.) Preparation/SupportDocumentationBrieﬁngDebrieﬁngOtherType of Equipment NeededAudio-VisualSpeakerphoneCordless phoneVideo ConferencingOther9.5.3Adequate testing before beginning interpretation,in-cluding:9.5.3.1An opportunity to walk through the facility and check the status of the equipment,9.5.3.2Testing microphones and earphones of the interpret-ers and all participants with the interpreters present,9.5.3.3A trial run for staged or scripted events,9.5.3.4Testing of telephone and/or satellite connections, and9.5.3.5Veriﬁcation that there is no sound interference and that the interpreters do not hear their own voices in their earphones.9.5.4Sound:9.5.4.1Sufficient volume andﬁdelity,9.5.4.2Lightweight earphones with no thick padding,9.5.4.3Sound in both ears,9.5.4.4Monophonic headphones,9.5.4.5Interpreter-operated volume control,and9.5.4.6Cough button.9.5.5Booths:9.5.5.1Soundprooﬁng,9.5.5.2Technical capability to work in both directions from one booth,9.5.5.3Ventilation without excessive noise,9.5.5.4Visibility between booths to allow communication between interpreters,9.5.5.5Visibility between the interpreters and technicians, 9.5.5.6Microphones with on/off switch for each interpreter, 9.5.5.7Lighting with on/off switch for each interpreter that does not produce sound interference,9.5.5.8Sufficient table space at standard height for the comfortable use of resource materials,and9.5.5.9Inaccessibility of booths to anyone other than inter-preters,except when a technician is needed.9.5.6For Telephone Interpreting:9.5.6.1Feasible number of participants for conference calls, 9.5.6.2Central placement of speakerphones,9.5.6.3Avoidance of cellular phones due to poor transmis-sion quality and lack of conﬁdentiality,and9.5.6.4Telephone equipment with conference capability or special telephonic equipment that allows the interpreter to work in the simultaneous mode is preferred.9.5.7For Videoconference and Broadcast Interpreting: 9.5.7.1Prior consultation with interpreters about the feasi-bility of the project,9.5.7.2Professional coordination of sound and video(see ISO2603,ISO4043,and IEC60914,9.5.7.3Sound-synchronized and high quality video allow-ing the interpreter to clearly distinguish facial expressions and gestures of speakers and participants,9.5.7.4Awareness of additional stress factors of videocon-ferencing requiring appropriate workload management(for example,loss of nonverbal information and eye fatigue),9.5.7.5Interpreters’ability to see the set or meeting rooms and all participants.If this is not possible for technical reasons, use of two color TV monitors,one showing the image being broadcast to the viewers and the other the rest of the set or meeting rooms,and9.5.7.6Ability of the interpreters to communicate with the technicians at all times via an intercom system that does not interfere with the broadcast.9.5.7.7For Scripted and Pre-Recorded Programs:(1)Availability of script or log of the program for the interpreters,(2)Appropriate synchronization of questions and answers, if applicable,and(3)If visual sequences(video segments)are to be inserted,ﬁnishing of the interpretation before it is covered over by the sound track of the insert.9.5.7.8Credits—Mentioning of interpreters’names,either ﬂashed on screen during the interpretation or listed at the end with the other credits(see Universal Convention on Copyright and Bern Convention for the Protection of Literary or Artistic Works).9.6Document Preparation,including:9.6.1Procurement of preparatory documents and materials for interpreters(for example,manuscripts,overhead transpar-encies,company and product information,and caseﬁles), 9.6.2Arrangements to provide the interpreters with last minute documents,9.6.3Determination if translation is necessary,contracting of appropriate translation services,including:9.6.4Pre-event translation(written),9.6.5Sight translation needs,and9.6.6Post-event translation(written).10.Elements Common to All Interpreted Events10.1Mode of Interpretation—Interpretation services are offered in two different modes:consecutive and simultaneous. Not all interpreters work in both modes.In some but not all settings,either mode is possible.The number of languages involved,the setting,and time considerations determine the most suitable mode or whether both modes need to be used.10.2Language Combinations—The language combination for each interpreted event shall be clariﬁed beforehand.Some languages will be source languages and some will be target languages.Events shall be staffed with interpreters who are qualiﬁed to cover the required language combinations.Relay interpretation shall be used only in exceptional circumstances when interpreters with the required language combinations cannot be found.10.3Choice of Onsite or Remote Interpretation—Telephone interpreting and videoconferencing are possible alternatives to onsite interpretation(see11.2.4.5(5),11.2.4.6(2),11.3.7.3,and 11.3.12).10.4Special Language and Cultural Considerations—Dialects and accents that can make comprehension difficult should be identiﬁed.Cultural factors that may affect commu-nication should also be considered.10.5Time Considerations—Consecutive interpretation may take up to twice as long as simultaneous interpretation. However,the consecutive mode also gives participants the opportunity to carefully plan what they are going to say, making communication more efficient.10.6Number of Participants in Need of Interpretation—The number of participants in need of interpretation will affect the mode of interpretation selected and the use of technology.For。

2008奥巴马芝加哥演讲

Hello, Chicago!芝加哥，你好！If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.如果有人怀疑美国是个一切皆有可能的地方，怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们这个时代依然燃烧，怀疑我们民主的力量，那么今晚这些疑问都有了答案。

It's the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be thatdifference.学校和教堂门外的长龙便是答案。

排队的人数之多，在美国历史上前所未有。

为了投票，他们排队长达三、四个小时。

许多人一生中第一次投票，因为他们认为这一次大选结果必须不同以往，而他们手中的一票可能决定胜负。

It's the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled — Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of red states and blue states; we are, and always will be, the United States of America. 无论年龄，无论贫富，无论民主党人或共和党人，无论黑人、白人，无论拉美裔、亚裔、印地安人, 无论同性恋、异性恋，无论残障人、健全人，所有的人，他们向全世界喊出了同一个声音：我们并不隶属“红州”与“蓝州”的对立阵营，我们属于美利坚合众国，现在如此，永远如此！It's the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtfulof what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.长久以来，很多人说：我们对自己的能量应该冷漠，应该恐惧，应该怀疑。

2008专八真题附带答案与解析

2008专八真题附带答案与解析2008 年英语试题及答案TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2008)-GRADE EIGHTTIMELIMIT: 195 MINPARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lectureONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Yournotes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete agap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, youwill be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blanksheet for note-taking.SECTION B CONVERSATIONIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of theconversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of thefollowing five questions.Now listen to the conversation.1. Mary doesn't seem to favour the idea of a new airport becauseA. the existing airports are to be wastedB. more people will be encouraged to travel.382C. more oil will be consumed.D. more airplanes will be purchased.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Mary asa potentialdisadvantage?A. More people in the area.B. Noise and motorways.C. Waste of land.D. Unnecessary travel.3. Freddy has cited the following advantages for a new airportEXCEPTA. more job opportunities.B. vitality to the local economy.C. road construction,D. presence of aircrew in the area.4. Mary thinks that people don't need to do much travel nowadaysas a result ofA. less emphasis on personal contact.B. advances in modern telecommunications.C. recent changes in people's concepts.D. more potential damage to the area5. We learn from the conversation that Freddy is Mary's ideas,383A. strongly in favour ofB. mildly in favour ofC. strongly againstD. mildly againstSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. A new government was formed after Sunday's elections.B. The new government intends to change the welfare system.C. The Social Democratic Party founded the welfare system.D. The Social Democratic Party was responsible for high unemployment.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of thenews item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. The tapes of the Apollo-11 mission were first stored inA. a U.S. government archives warehouse.B. a NASA ground tracking station.384C. the Goddard Space Flight Centre.D. none of the above places.8. What does the news item say about Richard Nafzger?A. He is assigned the task to look for the tapes.B. He believes that the tapes are probably lost.C. He works in a NASA ground receiving site.D. He had asked for the tapes in the 1970s. Questions 9 and10 are based on the following news. At the end of thenews item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9. The example in the news item is cited mainly to showA. that doctors are sometimes professionally incompetentB. that in cases like that hospitals have to pay huge compensations.C. that language barriers might lower the quality of treatment.D. that language barriers can result in fatal consequences.10. According to Dr. Flores, hospitals and clinicsA. have seen the need for hiring trained interpreters.B. have realized the problems of language barriers.C. have begun training their staff to be bilinguals.D. have taken steps to provide accurate diagnosis. 385PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a totalof 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark youranswers on your coloured answer sheetTEXT AAt the age of 16, Lee Hyuk Joon's life is a living hell. The South Korean10th grader gets up at 6 in the morning to go to school, and studiesmost of the day until returning home at 6 p.m. After dinner, it's timeto hit the books again—at one of Seoul's many so-called cram schools.Lee gets back home at 1 in the morning, sleeps less than five hours,then repeats the routine—five days a week. It's a grueling schedule,but Lee worries that it may not be good enough to get him into a topuniversity. Some of his classmates study even harder. South Korea's education system has long been highly competitive. But for Lee and the other 700,000 high-school sophomores in the country,high-school studies have gotten even more intense. That's because SouthKorea has conceived a new college-entrance system, which will beimplemented in 2008. This year's 10th graders will be the first groupevaluated by the new admissions standard, which places more emphasison grades in the three years of high school and less on nationwideSAT-style and other selection tests, which have traditionallydetermined which students go to the elite colleges. The change was made mostly to reduce what the government says is agrowing education gap in the country: wealthy students go to the bestcolleges and get the best jobs, keeping the children of poorer familieson the social margins. The aim is to reduce the importance of costlytutors and cram schools, partly to help students enjoy a more normalhigh-school life. But the new system has had the opposite effect. Before,students didn't worry too much about their grade-point averages; thebig challenge was beating the standardized tests as high-school seniors.Now students are competing against one another over a three-year period,386and every midterm and final test is crucial. Fretful parents are relyingeven more heavily on tutors and cram schools to help their childrensucceed.Parents and kids have sent thousands of angry online letters to theEducation Ministry complaining that the new admissions standard issetting students against each other. "One can succeed onlywhen othersfail,” as one pare nt said.Education experts say that South Korea's public secondary-schoolsystem is foundering, while private education is thriving. Accordingto critics, the country's high schools are almost uniformlymediocre—the result of an egalitarian government education policy.With the number of elite schools strictly controlled by the government,even the brightest students typically have to settle for ordinaryschools in their neighbourhoods, where the curriculum is centred onaverage students. To make up for the mediocrity, zealous parents sendtheir kids to the expensive cram schools.Students in affluent southern Seoul neighbourhoods complain that thenew system will hurt them the most. Nearly all Korean high schools willbe weighted equally in the college-entrance process, and relativelyweak students in provincial schools, who may not score well onstandardized tests, often compile good grade-point averages.Some universities, particularly prestigious ones, openly complain thatthey cannot select the best students under the new system because iteliminates differences among high schools. They've asked for morediscretion in picking students by giving more weight to such screeningtools as essay writing or interviews.President Roh Moo Hyun doesn't like how some colleges are trying tocircumvent the new system. He recently criticized "greedy"universities that focus more on finding the best students than fayingto "nurture good students". But amid the crossfire between thegovernment and universities, the country's 10th graders are feelingthe stress. On online protest sites, some are calling themselves a“cursed generation” and “mice in a lab experiment”. It all seemsa touch melodramatic, but that's the South Korean school system.38711. According to the passage, the new college-entrance system isdesigned toA. require students to sit for more college-entrance tests.B. reduce the weight of college-entrance tests.C. select students on their high school grades only.D. reduce the number of prospective college applicants.12. What seems to be the effect of introducing the new system?A. The system has given equal opportunities to students.B. The system has reduced the number of cram schools.C. The system has intensified competition among schools.D. The system has increased students' study load.13. According to critics, the popularity of private education ismainly the result ofA. the government's egalitarian policy.B. insufficient number of schools:C. curriculums of average quality.D. low cost of private education.14. According to the passage, there seems to be disagreement overthe adoption of the new system between the following groups EXCEPTA. between universities and the government.388B. between school experts and the government.C. between parents and schools.D. between parents and the government.15. Which of the following adjectives best describes the author'streatment of the topic?A. Objective.B. Positive.C. Negative.D. Biased.TEXT BWilfred Emmanuel-Jones was a teenager before he saw hisfirst cow inhis first field. Born in Jamaica, the 47-year-old grew up in inner-cityBirmingham before making a career as a television producer andlaunching his own marketing agency. But deep down he always nurturedevery true Englishman's dream of a rustic life, a dream that hisentrepreneurial wealth has allowed him to satisfy. These days he's theowner of a thriving 12-hectare farm in deepest Devon with cattle, sheepand pigs. His latest business venture: pushing his brand of Black Fannergourmet sausages and barbecue sauces. “My background may be veryurban,” says Emmanuel-Jones. “But it has given me a good idea of whatother urbanites want.”And of how to sell it. Emmanuel-Jones joins a herd ofwealthy fugitivesfrom city life who are bringing a new commercial know-how to Britishfarming. Britain's burgeoning farmers' markets-numbers have doubledto at least 500 in the last five years—swarm with specialtycheesemakers, beekeepers or organic smallholders who are redeployingthe business skills they learned in the city. "Everyone in theruralcommunity has to come to terms with the fact that things have changed."389Says Emmanuel-Jones. "You can produce the best food in the world, butif you don't know how to market it, you are wasting your time. We arehelping the traditionalists to move on."The emergence of the new class of superpeasants reflects some oldyearnings. If the British were the first nation to industrialize, theywere also the first to head back to the land. "There is this romanticimage of the countryside that is particularly English," says AlunHowkins of the University of Sussex, who reckons the population of ruralEngland has been rising since 1911. Migration into rural areas is nowrunning at about 100,000 a year, and the hunger for a taste of the rurallife has kept land prices buoyant even as agricultural incomes tumble.About 40 percent of all farmland is now sold to "lifestyle buyers"rather than the dwindling number of traditional farmers, according tothe Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors.What's new about the latest returnees is their affluence and zeal forthe business of producing quality foods, if only at a micro-level. Ahealthy economy and surging London house prices have helped to easethe escape of the would-be rustics. The media recognize and feed thefantasy. One of the big TV hits of recent years, the "River Cottage"series, chronicled the attempts of a London chef to run his own Dorsetfarm.Naturally, the newcomers can't hope to match their City salaries, butmany are happy to trade any loss of income for the extra job satisfaction.Who cares if there's no six-figure annual bonus when the land offersother incalculable compensations?Besides, the specialist producers can at least depend on a burgeoningmarket for their products. Today's eco-aware generation loves to seekout authentic ingredients. "People like me may be making a differencein a small way," Jan McCourt, a onetime investment banker now runninghis own 40-hectare spread in the English Midlands stocked with rarebreeds.Optimists see signs of far-reaching change: Britain isn't catching upwith mainl and Europe; it's leading the way. “Unlike most othercountries, where artisanal food production is being eroded, here it390is being recovered," says food writer Matthew Fort. “It may be themark of the next stage of civilization that we rediscover the de sirability of being a peasant.” And not an investment banker.16. Which of the following details of Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones isINCORRECT?A. He was born and brought up in Birmingham.B. He used to work in the television industry.C. He is wealthy, adventurous and aspiring.D. He is now selling his own quality foods.17. Most importantly, people like Wilfred have brought totraditional British farmingA. knowledge of farming.B. knowledge of brand names.C. knowledge of lifestyle.D. knowledge of marketing,18. Which of the following does NOT contribute to the emergence ofa new class of farmers?A. Strong desire for country life.B. Longing for greater wealth,C. Influence of TV productions.D. Enthusiasm for quality food business.19. What is seen as their additional source of new income?391A. Modern tendency to buy natural foods.B. Increase in the value of land property.C. Raising and selling rare live stock. VD. Publicity as a result of media coverage.20. The sentence in the last paragraph “...Britain isn't catchingup with mainland Europe; it's leading the way" implies thatA. Britain has taken a different path to boost economy.B. more authentic foods are being produced in Britain.C. the British are heading back to the countryside.D. the Europeans are showing great interest in country life.TEXT CIn Barcelona the Catalonians call them castells, but these aren'tstereotypical castles in Spain. These castles are made up of humanbeings, not stone. The people who perform this agile feat of acrobaticsare called castellers, and to see their towers take shape is to observea marvel of human cooperation.First the castellers form what looks like a giganticrugby scrummage.They are the foundation blocks of the castle. Behind them, other peoplepress together, forming outward-radiating ramparts of inward-pushingmuscle: flying buttresses for the castle. Then sturdy but lightercastellers scramble over the backs of those at the bottom and stand,barefoot, on their shoulders—then still others, each time adding ahigher "story".These human towers can rise higher than small apartment buildings: nine“stories”, 35 feet into the air. Then, just When it seems this towerof humanity can't defy gravity any longer, a little kid emerges fromthe crowd and climbs straight up to the top. Arms extended, the child392grins while waving to the cheering crowd far below. Dressed in their traditional costumes, the castellers seem to epitomize an easier time, before Barcelona became a world metropolis arid theMediterranean's most dynamic city. But when you observe-them tip close,in their street clothes, at practice, you see there's nothing easy aboutwhat the castellers do - and that they are not merely reenacting anancient ritual.None of the castellers can-give a logical answer as to whythey lovedoing this. But Victor Luna, 16, touches me on the shoulder and saysin English: "We do it because it's beautiful. We do it because we areCatalan."Barcelona’s mother tongue is Catalan, and to understand Barcelona,you must understand two words of Catalan: seny and rauxa. Seny prettymuch translates as common sense, or the ability to make money, arrangethings, and get things done. Rauxa is reminiscent of our words “raucous”and “ruckus”.What makes the castellers revealing of the city is that they embodyrauxa and seny. The idea of a human castle is rauxa—it defies commonsense—but to watch one going up is to see seny in action. Success isbased on everyone working together to achieve a shared goal.The success of Carlos Tusquets' bank, Fibanc, shows seny at work ineveryday life. The bank started as a family concern and now employshundreds. Tusquets said it exemplifies how the economy in Barcelonais different.Entrepreneurial seny demonstrates why Barcelona and Catalonia—theancient region of which Barcelona is the capital—are distinct fromthe rest of Spain yet essential to Spain's emergence, after centuriesof repression, as a prosperous, democratic European country. Catalonia,with Barcelona as its dynamo, has turned into an economic powerhouse.Making up 6 percent of Spain’s territory, with a sixth of its people,it accounts for nearly a quarter of Spain's production—everything fromtextiles to computers—even though the rest of Spain has been enjoyingits own economic miracle.393Hand in hand with seny goes rauxa, and there's no better place to seerauxa in action than on the Ramblas, the venerable, tree-shadedboulevard that, in gentle stages, leads you from the centre of Barcelonadown to the port. There are two narrow lanes each way for cars andmotorbikes, but it’s the wide centre walkway that makes the Ramblasa front-row seat for Barcelona's longest running theatrical event.Plastic armchairs are set out on the sidewalk. Sit in one of them, andan attendant will come and charge you a small fee. Performance artiststhrong the Ramblas—stilt walkers, witches caked in charcoal dust,Elvis impersonators. But the real stars are the old women and happilyplaying children, millionaires on motorbikes, and pimps and women who,upon closer inspection, prove not to be.Aficionados (Fans) of Barcelona love to compare notes: “Last nightthere was a man standing on the balcony of his hotel room,” MarianaBertagnolli, an Italian photographer, told me. "The balcony was on thesecond floor. He was naked, and he was talking into a cell phone."There you have it, Barcelona's essence. The man is naked (rauxa), buthe is talking into a cell phone (seny).21. From the description in the passage, we learn thatA. all Catalonians can perform castells.B. castells require performers to stand on each other.C. people perform castells in different formations.D. in castells people have to push and pull each other.22. According to the passage, the4mplication of the performance isthatA. the Catalonians are insensible and noisy people.B. the Catalonians show more sense than is expected. 394C. the Catalonians display paradoxical characteristics.D. the Catalonians think highly of team work.23. The passage cites the following examples EXCEPT __________ toshow seny at work.A. development of a bankB. dynamic role in economyC. contribution to national economyD. comparison with other regions24. In the last but two paragraph, the Ramblas is described as “afront-row seat for Barcelona’s longest running theatrical event”.What does it mean?A. On the Ramblas people can see a greater variety of performances.B. The Ramblas provides many front seats for the performances.C. The Ramblas is preferred as an important venue for the events.D. Theatrical performers like to perform on the Ramblas.25. What is the main impression of the scenes on the Ramblas?A. It is bizarre and Outlandish.B. It is of average quality.C. It is conventional and quiet.D. It is of professional standard.TEXT D395The law firm Patrick worked for before he died filed for bankruptcyprotection a year after his funeral. After his death, the firm's letterhead properly included him: Patrick S. Lanigan, 1954-1992. Hewas listed up in the right-hand corner, just above the paralegals. Thenthe rumors got started and wouldn't stop. Before long, everyonebelieved he had taken the money and disappeared. After three months,no one on the Gulf Coast believed that he was dead. His name came offthe letterhead as the debts piled up.The remaining partners in the law firm were still together, attachedunwillingly at the hip by the bondage of mortgages andthe bank notes,back when they were rolling and on the verge of serious wealth. Theyhad been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thus thebankruptcy. Since Patrick's departure, they had tried every possibleway to divorce one another, but nothing would work. Two were ragingalcoholics who drank at the office behind locked doors, but nevertogether. The other two were in recovery, still teetering on thebrink of sobriety.He took their money. Their millions. Money they had already spent longbefore it arrived, as only lawyers can do. Money for their richlyrenovated office building in downtown Biloxi. Money for new homes,yachts, condos in the Caribbean. The money was on the way, approved,the papers signed, orders entered; they could see it, almost touch itwhen their dead partner—Patrick—snatched it at the last possiblesecond.He was dead. They buried him on February 11, 1992. They had consoledthe widow and put his rotten name on their handsome letterhead. Yetsix weeks later, he somehow stole their money.They had brawled over who was to blame. Charles Bogan, the firm's seniorpartner and its iron hand, had insisted the money be wired from itssource into a new account offshore, and this made sense after somediscussion. It was ninety million bucks, a third of which the firm wouldkeep, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi,population fifty thousand. Someone at the bank would talk.Sooneveryone would know. All four vowed secrecy, even as they made plansto display as much of their new wealth as possible. There had even been396talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.So Bogan took his share of the blame. At forty-nine, he was the oldestof the four, and, at the moment, the most stable. He was also responsiblefor hiring Patrick nine years earlier, and for this he had receivedno small amount of grief.Doug Vitrano, the litigator, had made the fateful decision to recommendPatrick as the fifth partner. The other three had agreed, and whenPatrick Lanigan was added to the firm name, he had access to virtuallyevery file in the office. Bogan, Rapley, Vitrano, Havarac, and Lanigan,Attorneys and Counselors-at-Law. A large ad in the yellow pages claimed"Specialists in Offshore Injuries." Specialists or not, like most firmsthey would take almost anything if the fees were lucrative. Lots ofsecretaries and paralegals. Big overhead, and the strongest politicalconnections on the Coast.They were all in their mid- to late forties. Havarac had been raisedby his father on a shrimp boat. His hands were still proudly calloused,and he dreamed of choking Patrick until his neck snapped. Rapley wasseverely depressed and seldom left his home, where he wrote briefs ina dark office in the attic.26. What happened to the four remaining lawyers after Patrick'sdisappearance?A. They all wanted to divorce their wives.B. They were all heavily involved in debts.C. They were all recovering from drinking.D. They had bought new homes, yachts, etc.27. Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?A. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.B. …they could see it, almost touch it when their dead partner...397C. …, att ached unwillingly at the h ip by the bondage of mortgages...D. …, and for this he had received no small amount of grief.28. According to the passage, what is the main cause of Patrickstealing the money?A. Patrick was made a partner of the firm.B. The partners agreed to have the money transferred.C. Patrick had access to all the files in the firm.D. Bogan decided to hire Patrick nine years earlier.29. The lawyers were described as being all the following EXCEPTA. greedy.B. extravagantC. quarrelsome.D. bad-tempered.30. Which of the following implies a contrast?A. …, and it would be impossible to hide that kind of money in Biloxi,population fifty thousand.B. They had been joint defendants in several unwinnable lawsuits; thusthe bankruptcy.C. There had even been talk of a firm jet, a six-seater.D. His name came off the letterhead as the debts piled up.398PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose thebest answer to each question. Mark your answers on your coloured answersheet31. The largest city in Canada isA. Vancouver.B. Montreal.C. TorontoD. Ottawa.32. According to the United States Constitution, thelegislativepower is invested inA. the Federal Government.B. the Supreme Court.C. the Cabinet.D. the Congress.33. Which of the following is the oldest sport in the United States?A. Baseball.B. Tennis.C. Basketball.D. American football.34. The head of the executive branch in New Zealand is 399A. the President.B. the Governor-General.C. the British monarch,D. the Prime Minister.35. The Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by a groupof pilgrims on their way to Canterbury, is an important poetic workbyA. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.36. Who wrote The American?A. Herman Melville.B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.C. Henry James.D. Theodore Dreiser.37. All of the following are well-known female writers in 20th-century Britain EXCEPTA. George Eliot.B. Iris Jean Murdoch.C. Doris Lessing.400D. Muriel Spark.38. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness.B. Displacement.C. Duality.D. Diachronicity.39. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim isinterested in po etry.”?A. A simple sentence.B. A coordinate sentence.C. A complex sentence.D. None of the above.40. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the sameform is calledA. hyponymy.B. synonymy.C. polysemy.D. homonymy.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN) 401Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as。

2008年高考英语试题及参考答案(上海卷)

2008年全国高考上海卷英语科试题及答案考生注意：1. 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页）两部分。

全卷共13页。

满分150分。

考试时间120分钟。

2. 答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必在答题卡和答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号、校验码，并用铅笔在答题卡上正确涂写准考证号和校验码。

3. 第Ⅰ卷（1-16小题，25-84小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。

考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。

答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。

答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。

第Ⅰ卷中的第17-24小题和第Ⅱ卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔大题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

第I卷(105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.l. A. This afternoon. B. Tomorrow. C. Next week. D. Next month.2. A. She doesn't play tennis well. B. She likes other sports as well.C. She is an enthusiastic tennis player.D. She is a professional athlete.3. A. At a paint store. B. At an oil market C. At a science museum. D. At a gallery.4. A.Work in the yard. B. Buy some wood. C. Go to the bookstore. D. Take a walk.5. A. A taxi driver. B. A passenger. C. A car cleaner. D. A mechanic.6. A. Call a repairman. B. Get out the paper stuckC. Turn to her colleague for help.D. Restart the machine7. A. There are not enough gardens. B. Parking areas are full before 10:00.C. Parking areas are closed after 10:00.D. All classes begin at 10:00.8. A. The presentation will begin at noon.B. She'll present her work to the man.C. She'd like to invite the man for lunchD. She suggests working on the presentation at 12:00.9. A. The dormitory hours. B. The problem with the rules.C The door number of the dormitory. D. The time to open the dormitory.10. A. The chairs didn't need to be painted.B. He doesn't like the color of the chairs.C. The park could have avoided the problem.D. The woman should have been more careful.Section BDirections: In Section B. you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Worried. B. Surprised. C. Satisfied. D. Uninterested.12. A. It spoiled Juana's reputation. B. It copied her ideas without permission.C. It bought Juana's dishwashers.D. It wanted to share the dishwasher market.13. A. A successful business case. B. Juana's waterless laundry.C. A case against a global company.D. The worldwide dishwasher market.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following instructions.14. A. footprints. B. Food. C. Living insects. D. Orange seeds.15. A. Don't touch animals under any circumstances.B. Don't take away any natural objects from the park.C. Don't leave litter in the park or throw any off the boat.D. Don't transport animals from one island to another.16. A. To protect the guide's interest. B. To improve the unique environment.C. To ensure a trouble-free visit.D. To get rid of illegal behaviours.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will bear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Customs FormDestination: __17__Contents in detail: __18__Value: $__19__Type of mail: __20__Weight: 1.5 poundsYour item must not contain any dangerous articles prohibited by postal regulations.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 arc based on the following conversation.What is the man's oral report on? An 21 woman.What kind of people are called refugees? Those who 22 to escape war or other problems. How many refugees are there worldwide? About 23 .What does the man think of Ms. Ogata? She is successful both in __24__.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. The two sportsmen congratulated each other ______ winning the match by shaking hands.A. withB. onC. inD. to26. — Do you want tea or coffee?—______. I really don't mind.A. NoneB. NeitherC. EitherD. All27. In my view, London's not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is ______in traffic.A. the most organizedB. more organizedC. so organized asD. as organized as28. — Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend?—Terry? Never! She ______tents and fresh air!A. has hatedB. hatedC. will hateD. bates29. According to the air traffic rules, you ______switch off your mobile phone before bearding.A. mayB. canC. wouldD. should30. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ______to balance it.A. having triedB. tryingC. to tryD. tried31. — Are you ready for Spain?— Yes. 1 want the girls to experience that ______they are young.A. whileB. untilC. ifD. before32. In recent years many football clubs ______as business to make a profit.A. have runB. have been run C had been run D. will run33. If there's a lot of work______. I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doingC. doneD. doing34. As his best friend. I can make accurate guesses about ______he will do or think.A. whatB. whichC. whomD. that35. Something as simple as ______some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure.A. to drinkB. drinking C to be drinking D. drunk36. It has been proved ______eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.A. ifB. becauseC. whenD. that37. Ideally ______for Broadway theatres and Firth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locatingB. being locatedC. having been locatedD. located38. We went through a period ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which39. So much of interest ______that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.A. offers BeijingB. Beijing offersC. does Beijing offerD. Beijing does offer40. ______well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. No matterD. AlthoughSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United Stales. He became a 41 voce in the yean before the Civil War.A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) _42_ Douglass's birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a _43 site in Washington. D.C. Thetwo-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year _44 _. (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black _45 to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general (总领事) to Haiti.As a youth, be never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be _46 taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to hide his identity.In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system _47 up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the _48 , housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and theadoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution (美国宪法修正案), which _49African-Americans the right to vote.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However, playing sports can have __50 effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports,40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been __51 at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad __52 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main _53 of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children _54 _ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that__55 is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout __56 _ at other players or cheer when their child behaves __57__. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is _ 58 or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured _59 , the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.As a society, we really need to 60 this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches _61 should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better__62 . They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to __63 _ , themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that __64 is not as important as winning.50. A. restrictive B. negative C. active D. instructive51. A. knocked B. glanced C. smiled D. shouted52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation53. A. resource B. cause C. course D. consequence54. A. question B. understand C. copy D. neglect55. A. winning B. practising C. fun D. sport56. A. praises B. orders C. remarks D. insults57. A. proudly B. ambitiously C. aggressively D. bravely58. A. acceptable B. impolite C. possible D. accessible59. A. By contrast B. In addition C. As a result D. After all60. A. look up to B. face up to C. make up for D. come up with61. A. in particular B. in all C. in return D. in advance62. A. techniques B. means C. values D. directions63. A. respect B. relax C. forgive D. enjoy64. A. body B. fame C. health D. spiritSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)ASK LASKASYOU’VE GOT QUESTIONS, SHE'S GOT ANSWERSMy children go to a primary school where they are not allowed to play football in the playground for fear that a child might be hurt. Besides, now the school says there must be no homework because the local secondary school can't keep up with the amount of homework given in the primary school. Can the school do this? Puzzled DadIt can't if enough parents do something about it. It is not just schools. We live in a society which wishes to get rid of risk. However, schools should have a little common sense and courage. Children need risk if they arc to grow up self-sufficient and confident. They need homework, too, if they are to fulfill their academic potential. Complain, loudly.I have a beautiful teenage daughter who spends an hour making up her face in front of the mirror every day. I tell her to go easy. She just gets mad or bursts into tears. How can I make her understand she's beautiful the way she is. Plain MomYou can't. Your daughter is at the age when she's trying to look beautiful, trying on new masks. And if her friends all dress up as she docs, you're in for an extra hard time. Support her and tell her she's beautiful — even if she looks ridiculous for now. Then invite her to join you for a day at a spa (健康美容中心). Let her try various looks until she's comfortable in her own skin.65. Why are the children not allowed to play football in the playground?A. The school is afraid that children might be injured.B. The school is not sensible and confident.C. The children don't have enough time to do homework.D. The children may fail to fulfill their academic potential.66. What disturbs Plain Mom is that her daughter______.A. becomes madB. cries a lotC. spends much rime before the mirrorD. is not beautiful enough67. The solution to Plain Mom's problem is to______.A. make her daughter look less ridiculousB. let her daughter dress up like her friendsC. make her daughter go to a spa every weekD. let her daughter feel herself what beauty is(B)Zoe Chambers was a successful PR (Public Relations) consultant and life was going well —she had a great job, a beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through." she said. "After everything I'd done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn't feel like looking for another job. I hated everything about the city and my life."Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in north-west Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later, she is still on the farm. "The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay." said Zoe. "Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless."Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. "It's a hard life, physically very tiring." she says. "In London 1 was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all 1 need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners."Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been leaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, "It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had. I could never go back to city life now."68. When working as a PR consultant in London, Zoe thought she lived a ______life.A. satisfyingB. toughC. meaninglessD. boring69. The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm is that______.A. Zoe lost her job as a PR consultantB. Kathy persuaded her to do soC. Zoe got tired of the city lifeD. Zoe loved Wales more than London70. How docs Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage?A. Tiresome and troublesome.B. Romantic and peacefulC. Mentally exhausting but healthyD. Physically tiring but rewarding.71. Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage?A. A friend in need is a friend indeed.B. Where there is a will, there is a way.C. A misfortune may turn out a blessing.D. Kill two birds with one stone.(C)A study involving 8,500 teenagers from all social backgrounds found that most of them are ignorant when it comes to money. The findings, the first in a series of reports from NatWest that has started a five-year research project into teenagers and money, arc particularly worrying as this generation of young people is likely to be burdened with greater debts man any before.University tuition fees (学费) are currently capped at £3,000 annually, but this will be reviewed next year and the Government is under enormous pressure to raise the ceiling.In the research, the teenagers were presented with die terms of four different loans but 76 per cent failed to identify the cheapest. The young people also predicted that they would be earning on average £ 31.000 by the age of 25, although the average salary for those aged 22 to 29 is just £ 17,815. The teenagers expected to be in debt when they finished university or training, although half said that they assumed the debts would be less than £ 10.000. Average debts for graduates are £ 12，363.Stephen Moir, head of community investment at the Royal Bank of Scotland Group which owns NatWest, said. "The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they arc to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively."Ministers are deeply concerned about the financial pressures on teenagers and young people because of student loans and rising housing costs. They have just introduced new lessons in how to manage debts. Nikki Fairweather, aged 15, from St Helens, said that she had benefited from lessons on personal finance, but admitted that she still had a lot to learn about money.72. Which of the following can be found from the five-year research project?A. Students understand personal finances differently.B. University tuition fees in England have been rising.C. Teenagers tend to overestimate their future earnings.D. The students' payback ability has become a major issue.73. The phrase "to raise the ceiling" in paragraph 2 probably means "______".A. to raise the student loansB. to improve the school facilitiesC. to increase the upper limit of the tuitionD. to lift the school building roofs74. According to Stephen Moir, students_______.A. are too young 10 be exposed 10 financial issuesB. should learn 10 manage their finances wellC- should maintain a positive attitude when facing loansD. benefit a lot from lessons on personal finance75. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many British teenagers do not know money matters wellB. Teenagers in Britain are heavily burdened with debts.C. Financial planning is a required course at college.D. Young people should become responsible adults.(D)The world economy has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent years about the need to address a potential hunger crisis in poor countries and an energy crisis worldwide, world leaders failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat, corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years. And oil prices have increased more than three times since the start of 2004. These food-price increases. combined with increasing energy costs, will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world and will even affect political stability. Practical solutions to these problems do exist, but we'll have to start thinking ahead and acting globally.Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis. The first is to promote the dramatic success of Malawi, a country in southern Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help its farmers get fertilizer and seeds with high productivity. Malawi’s harvest doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich world, or S10 billion altogether.Second, the U.S. and Europe should abandon their policies of paying partly for the change of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a taxpayer-financed payment of 51 cents per gallon of ethanol (乙醇) changed from corn. There may be a case for biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods — tree crops, grasses and wood products — but there's no case for the government to pay to put the world's dinner into the gas tank.Third, we urgently need to weather-proof die world's crops as soon and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes something as simple as a farm pond — which collects rainwater to be used in dry weather — can make the difference between a good harvest and a bad one. The world has already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation hind to help poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food production and health care but has not yet acted upon the promise.76. An international fund based on the Malawi model would______.A. cost each of the developed countries $10 billion per yearB. aim to double the harvest in southern African countries In a yearC. decrease the food prices as well as the energy pricesD. give poor farmers access to fertilizer and highly productive seeds77. With the second step, the author expresses the idea that ______.A. it is not wise to change food crops into gasB. it is misleading to put tree crops into the gas tankC. we should get alternative forms of fuel in any wayD. biofuels should be developed on a large scale78. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. A rain-collecting pond is a simple safeguard against dry wealB. A Climate Adaptation Fund has been established to help poorC. The world has made a serious promise to build farm ponds.D. It makes a great difference whether we develop wood products or not.79. In the passage, the author calls on us to______.A. slow down but not to stop economic.B. develop tree crops, grasses and wood productsC. achieve economic growth and political stabilityD. act now so as to relieve the global food shortageSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.80.The causes of eating disorders are not clear. There may be genetic or biochemical factors in some cases. There may be psychological problems from early childhood or the present (such as school or family conflicts) that trigger the problem. Often, there is the double pressure to enjoy life through food and yet remain ultra-slim. Society all around us encourages eating and drinking as main ways to enjoy life- To be popular, you are supposed to eat. eat, eat81.But in real life most people, if they keep consuming like that, just keep pulling on more and more weight They then find themselves in conflict with another dominant pressure in society —to stay slim and trim. Models in ads, even those shown eating fairy foods, are usually physically lit and quite thin. All of these pressures put teens in a terrible situation. The".solution" that some teens choose is to deny themselves all the time so as to keep temptation away. Bui soon, hunger and food boredom lead to overeating. Over time they develop anorexia or bulimia.82.Once an eating disorder has become firmly established, there is no easy cure. Someone who's never suffered anorexia and never known an anorexic might be tempted to think. "It's simple — just tell them to eat more!" Unfortunately, it's not that simple. Even when anorexics have been brought into the hospital and arc receiving physical care, nutritional therapy, and psychiatric care, many don't improve much.83.Our society's obsession with thinness, together with a constant emphasis on the theme that rich food means pleasure, puts many teens in a difficult situation. Being drawn to overeating on the one hand and self-denial on the other can bring about anorexia or bulimia — or both. Anorexics seem to feel that no matter how much weight they lose, they are still too fat Therefore, it is important for each person in our society to try to maintain a healthy and realistic self-image. Don't compare yourself with the models and actors in the media Set your sights more realistically by comparing yourself with family and friends, if anyone.84.Self-denial is the typical first step toward an caring disorder. Eventually, desires for whatyou've denied yourself become unbearable, and you react with either a binge or overly fierce self-control. The answer is not of course, to eat all the snacks and treats you fancy. But 10 avoid that first step that leads to overeating, strive for a good and healthy diet Such a diet is based primarily on grain products, fruits, and vegetables, with moderate amounts of meat and dairy products and with small amounts of snacks and desserts. Research demonstrates that mis kind of diet leaves you more alert and energetic.第Ⅱ卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们打篮球的时间到了。

第16讲：周测3—反意疑问句—阅读D篇—新世纪8A U8单词巩固牛津上海版英语八年级暑假班讲义

八年级英语暑假班（教师版）1. 周测I.Choose the best answer.(选择最恰当的答案）( ) 1. The first thing I want to do is .★A. visit himB. visit to himC. to visit himD. visiting him ( ) 2. Their wish is a house of their own.★A. to haveB. for havingC. haveD. of having ( ) 3. --The light in the office is still on.★-- Oh, I forgot .A. turning it offB. to turn it offC. turning off itD. to turn off it ( ) 4. You must remember me a phone call as soon as you get there.★A. givingB. to giveC. gaveD. give( ) 5. On my way home, I stopped some food.★A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought( ) 6. dogs is my father's favorite hobby.★A. RaiseB. RaisingC. RaisedD. Raises( ) 7. We used in the south, but now we have got used in the north.★A. live; to liveB. to live; livingC. living; to liveD. to live; to living ( ) 8. The students stopped and began to listen to the teacher carefully.★A. talkB. to talkC. talkingD. talked( ) 9. Wushu is becoming more and more popular westerners.★A. amongB. betweenC. inD. within( ) 10. I am familiar this school since I have worked here for more than fifteen years.★A. withB. toC. aboutD. of( ) 11. Smoking and drinking are not good your health.★A. forB. toC. ofD. at( ) 12. Most of the boys went to see the match yesterday afternoon.★A. atB. onC. untilD. /( ) 13. I usually drink a cup of hot milk a cold winter morning.★A. inB. with C, at D. on( ) 14. The town was crowded Christmas shoppers.★A. byB. forC. withD. around( ) 15. Mary, the window. It’s so cold outside.★A. closeB. closesC. closingD. to close( ) 16. tell a lie.★A. HardlyB. NotC. NoD. Never( ) 17. nice food you are cooking for us!★A) What an B) What a C) How D) What【答案】1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.D 13.D 14.C15.A 16.D 17.Dplete the sentences as required.（按要求完成下列句子）1.We watched an exciting football match on TV last night. (改为感叹句)exciting football match we watched on TV last night!2.I spent 20 minutes to get to the airport. (保持意思基本不变)It me 20 minutes get to the airport.3.You mustn’t swim in the river. (保持意思基本不变)in the river.【难度】★★【答案】1. What an 2.took…to 3.Don’t swim/No swimming2. 语法反意疑问句Presentation一、定义反意疑问句是附加在陈述句后的简单问句，提出、征询对前面陈述句所陈述的事情的肯定或否定意见，或者希望事实得到证实。

汉译英时主语的添加与选择

汉译英时主语的添加与选择可以说，单就句子成分而言，英汉两种语言对主语的看法分歧最大。

汉语不强调主语，因为汉语中的大多数句子都是话题结构。

因此只要和述题有语义上的联系，即使没有直接的逻辑关系和语法搭配关系，任何内容、成分和词类都可处在主语的位置上。

但是在英语中，句子的主语和谓语一定要有直接的逻辑关系和语法搭配关系。

一，主语的添加与汉语不同，主语是英语句子不可或缺的重要成分。

翻译时如碰到汉语中的无主句或省略主语的句子，就需要添加主语。

1)，基本路线要管一百年，动摇不得。

Version 1: We should adhere to the basic line for a hundred years, with no vacillation.Version 2: The basic line should be adhered to for 100 years, and there must be no vacillation.2)，说过来，说过去，就是一句话，坚持这个（三中全会以来的）路线、方针、政策不变。

Version 1: After all that’s been said, I can sum up our position in one sentence: we shall keep to this line and these principles and policies. Version 2: After all that’s been said, one sentence sums it up: we will stick to this line and these principles and policies.3)，（不要怕犯错误）坚持这种态度就不要紧，就不会犯大错误。

Version 1: So long as we stick to this attitude, it will be all right and we will not commit any major mistakes.Version 2: So long as we keep to this attitude, everything will be all right, and we shall not make any major mistakes.二，主语的选择与确定1, 出于连贯的考虑对主语进行选择与确定一个英语段落或句群的句子的话题有向心性。

上海中级口译教程第8章

2024/9/24
8-1：丝绸之路 The Silk Road
• 我社安排的“丝绸之路游”，始于古城西安，止于新疆首府乌鲁木齐，沿线游客可以领略自然景观的魅力，欣赏古代艺术家的高超工艺，品尝地方风味小吃，结识当地居民。
• The 7,000-kilometer-long “Silk Road”, whose history dates back to the second century B.C., is a trade thoroughfare linking Asia and Europe.
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8-2：传统节日 Traditional Holidays
• 中国农历5月5日的端午节旨在纪念古代诗人屈原。
• The Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of the 5th month of China’s lunar calendar is set aside and celebrated in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan.
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Vocabulary Work
• 伊拉克：Iraq; • 叙利亚：Syria; • 地中海：the Mediterranean; • 丝绸织物：silk cloth and goods; • 火药：gunpowder; • 造纸术：paper making technique; • 印刷术：printing technique; • 佛教：Buddhism; • 伊斯兰教：Islam;
• 建议：可以做一下反向的练习，汉译英，再把英语译成汉语，比较一下，看出差别在那些地方。 2024/9/24
8-2：传统节日 Traditional Holidays

2023-2024学年山东省菏泽外国语学校高三上学期艺术班期末英语试题

2023-2024学年山东省菏泽外国语学校高三上学期艺术班期末英语试题Bike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.PricesThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1. What is an advantage of MacBike?A．It gives children a discount. B．It offers many types of bikes.C．It organizes free cycle tours. D．It has over 2,500 rental shops.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A．€15.75.B．€19.50.C．€22.75.D．€29.50.3. Where does the guided city tour start?A．The Gooyer, Windmill. B．The Skinny Bridge.C．Heineken Brewery. D．Dam Square.Do you want something to have fun? Well, look at a list of some activities.Living like Summer FlowersAs the first exhibition in the new space of Fangyuan Art Museum, with the theme of flowers, it showcases many new works by artist Yan Ping. This exhibition aims to express the beauty of the power of life, and to discover the beauty that we have overlooked in the world.The “Big Yellow Duck”Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman will bring his big rubber(橡胶) duck to the Today Art Museum in Beijing, inviting you to participate in this nearly three month party. This exhibition is Hofman’s f irst large-scale solo exhibition in China. More than 25 new works will be displayed, presenting the landmark of Hofman’s more than 20 years of artistic career.Yoga in HutongWe are excited to offer a truly magical experience to our community at the absolutely attractive hutong place, Z-Space.Start your Sunday morning with 75-minute movement to awaken your body and mind, and fuel your spirit. After class, we’ll enjoy a selection of snacks and drinks.Viewing the Sand RidgeContemporary ink artist Tan Jun wi ll hold his solo exhibition “Guansha Ridge” at Beijing Soka Art. In this exhibition, there will be 8 collections of photography and painting, adding a new experience to the viewer’s way of viewing and feeling the mysterious poetic world.4. Where can you watch some works about flowers?A．At Z-Space. B．At Beijing Soka Art.C．At Today Art Museum. D．At Fangyuan Art Museum.5. Which activity is related to a foreign artist?A．Yoga in Hutong. B．The “Big Yellow Duck”.C．Viewing the Sand Ridge. D．Living like Summer Flowers.6. What can you do at Yoga in Hutong?A．Hold a party. B．Visit a big duck.C．Eat some food. D．Paint some pictures.Confidence makes a difference. It could mean the difference in landing a job you have been dreaming of. It could also mean the difference in staying happy with strangers. 7 But how exactly do you gain confidence? Hopefully we can light your path with this guide to becoming more confident.Make lists. 8 First make a list of all the things that set you apart from the rest. This will help you focus on the good things you have done instead of the things that have gone wrong. Then look at the things you enjoy doing. Passion will help you work hard. 9Realize that you are important and appreciated. People usually shy away from praise. It makes them feel that they do not deserve the praise. Take yourself away from that thinking and happily accept the praise. 10 If you have something to say, force yourself to say it clearly and loudly. You can do this without sounding angry. If somebody disagrees with what you say, do not just shy away.11 This makes you move in the right direction. Having a purpose and a goal is great to feed your confidence. Start with the little things like the stuff you have been putting off for later. The more things you accomplish, the better you feel.Adam was outgoing at junior high school. However, after he entered senior high school, he became_________easily. His parents were anxious about his_________. But whenever they triedto_________with him, he would shout, "Leave me alone!” Then he shut himself in his room for days, refusing to talk. This_________them. What if he became ill? So they changed their_________. When they found the exchange program which welcomed senior students of different nationalitiesto_________in China, they asked his teacher to talk him into joining it.Before he came to China, he had been_________about Chinese kung fu. So he_________for a kung fu course. On the first day, after the female teacher’s lecture, he did the movements_________. He was not sure how well he would learn. However, with the teacher’s encouragement,his__________grew. As a guy with a strong personality, he__________hard and soon became the top on campus. Later he created his own style of kung fu and__________flash cards to showthe__________. He kept improving the movements until at last, he made them perfect. More and more students__________him and he became famous.He’ll return home next year. His__________is to set up a company or a formal organization to teach Chinese kung fu, I’m sure his dream will come true.12.A．confident B．annoyed C．moved D．hungry13.A．situation B．program C．sleep D．progress14.A．understand B．hide C．feel D．communicate 15.A．frightened B．replaced C．corrected D．controlled16.A．course B．lecture C．strategy D．survey17.A．explore B．live C．travel D．study18.A．careful B．certain C．curious D．anxious19.A．registered B．provided C．answered D．asked20.A．suddenly B．awkwardly C．impressively D．basically21.A．information B．anxiety C．confidence D．influence22.A．beat B．practiced C．expected D．explored23.A．sold B．discovered C．organized D．designed24.A．interests B．presents C．movements D．inventions25.A．learned from B．paid for C．worried about D．looked forwardto26.A．impression B．reply C．regret D．goal阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

英语竞赛试题

2008 National English Contest for College Students (Level C - Sample)Part I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 marks)Section A (5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. The man is not suitable for the position.B. The job has been given to someone else.C. She hadn't received the man's application.2. A. He is going to see his section chief.B. He is going to have a job interview.C. He is going to see his girlfriend.3. A. Ask to see the man's ID card.B. Get the briefcase for the man.C. Show the man her documents.4. A. The dorm room is too crowded.B. There is no kitchen in the building.C. No one looks after the dorm building.5. A. She was always in good shape.B. She stopped exercising one year ago.C. She lost a lot of weight in one year.Section B (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, you must read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Conversation One6. What is soon to open in China?A. The French Movie Festival.B. The French Cultural Year.C. The French Food Festival.7. How many exhibitions will be held for this activity?A. 200.B. 20.C. 100.8. What will be held at the foot of the Great Wall?A. The City Concert.B. The Opening Ceremony.C. The Great Lunch.9. Which of the following cities is not included in this activity?A. Chongqing.B. Wuhan.C. Shenzhen.10. What will certainly make great contributions to this activity?A. Internet.B. TV shows.C. Newspapers.Conversation Two11. What sound more like a native speaker in a casual conversation?A. Examples.B. Verbs.C. Idioms.12. Which of the following sounds more informal and more natural?A. Get together.B. Meet.C. See.13. Which of the following means that you cannot interrupt me?A. I'm tied up.B. I have a lot on my plate.C. I'm busy.14. In American culture, what is considered important in a conversation?A. Using proper languageB. Making eye contact.C. Looking at your own feet.15. In business, how might Americans feel about you if you are looking away?A. You're feeling ashamed.B. You're telling the truth.C. You're telling a lie.Section C (5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear 5 short news items. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the question and then the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16. How long will it take for new forests to grow back?A. 65 years.B. 20 years.C. 40 years.17. What did Jimmy Carter plan to focus his efforts on after leaving the White House in 1981?A. A presidential library.B. Camp David.C. Winning a second term.18. What was regarded as the lifeblood of the country of the Maldives?A. Oil.B. Agriculture.C. Tourism.19. What is responsible for the death of many people in developing countries?A. The development of resistance to diseases.B. The difficulty to cure new emerging diseases.C. The inability of the poor to afford medicine.20. What released an estimated 8.7 million tons of the global warming gas?A. Cars.B. Wildfires.C. Wars.Section D (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words or phrases in it. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.A researcher says lead in the environment could be a major cause of violence by young people. Doctor Herbert Needleman is a (21) ________ at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania and he (22) ________ his findings at the yearly meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Doctor Needleman says the presence of lead in the (23) ________ changes the neurons that control actions and that can cause a person to act in antisocial and (24) ________ ways. In the 1970s, Doctor Needleman found lower scores on (25) ________ even in children who did not have such signs of lead poisoning. After that, lead was (26)________ gasoline and paint in the United States. Yet many homes still have old lead paint. Lead was also used in older (27) ________. In fact, officials justannounced stronger testing and reporting requirements as from next year for lead in American drinking water.The newest research shows that even very small amounts of lead in bones can affect brain development. A simple (28)________ can measure lead except that an X-ray process is needed to measure levels in bone. In 2004, such tests were done on 190 young people who were (29) ________ and the findings showed that their average levels were higher than normal. And, in 1998, three hundred children were studied and the test scores showed higher levels of (30) ________ problems in those with increased levels of lead. Yet these levels were still considered safe by the government.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 marks)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. So nervous ________ that she didn't know how to start her speech.A. since she becameB. would she becomeC. that she becameD. did she become32. He ________ another career but, at the time, he just wanted to earn money to study abroad.A. might have chosenB. might chooseC. had to chooseD. must have chosen33. The second report was ________ by August 2005, but one year later it was still nowhere in sight.A. submittedB. to have submittedC. to submitD. to have been submitted34. In this experiment, the students studied are stopped several times during the listening test and asked to report what they ________ during the pause before answering the questions.A. had just been thinking aboutB. have just been thinking aboutC. are just thinking aboutD. had just thought about35. I was always taught that it was ________ to interrupt.A. rudeB. coarseC. roughD. crude36. Small boys are ________ questioners. They ask questions all the time.A. originalB. peculiarC. imaginativeD. persistent37. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ________.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of stockD. out of practice38. The bomb will ________ the moment it is touched.A. go onB. go offC. go outD. go over39. The car won't ________; I've tried it several times, but it won't work.A. beginB. launchC. startD. drive40. Children and old people do not like having their daily ________ upset.A. habitB. routineC. practiceD. custom41. In your first few days at school you'll be given a test to help the teachers to ________ you to a class atyour level.A. locateB. assignC. deliverD. place42. China only started its nuclear power industry in recent years, and should ________ no time in catchingup.A. loseB. delayC. spareD. relieve43. — You did an excellent job yesterday, Jim! I really enjoyed your presentation.— ________— Oh yeah, it was fabulous. It seems the English program is a great way to practice English.— Yeah. It is fun and motivating.A. Did you really?B. Oh, thank you. You are so kind.C. Really? What about yours?D. Not at all. My pleasure.44. — What kind of music do you like?— Well, I like different kinds.— ________— Er, I especially like punk rock.A. I beg your pardon?B. Are you serious?C. Any in particular?D. Why do you think so?45. — How did you like the fashion show last night?— ________— I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes; they looked pretty nice to me.— Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around in streets?A. Impressive. It's a good way to show off women's sense of style and wealth.B. It was cool. The clothes are more beautiful than the people wearing them.C. Nothing serious. It's only a show to attract the eyes of fashion fans.D. It was dumb. I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that.Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 40 marks)Section A (4 marks)Directions: There is one passage in this section with 4 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46-49 are based on the following passage.The ability to “see” oneself in the future is a remarkable human trait - some would say unique - that is not well understood. That's despite the fact that we probably spend as much time thinking about the future as we do thinking about the present.Now new research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that it's precisely because we can remember the past that we can visualize the future. “Our findings provide convincing support for the idea that memory and future thought are highly interrelated and help explain why future thought may be impossible without memories,” says doctoral candidate Karl Szpunar. The findings are consistent with other research showing that persons with little memory of the past, such as young children or individuals suffering from loss of memory, are less able to see themselves in the future.The researchers base their conclusions on brain scans of 21 college students who were cued to think about something in their past, and anticipate the same event in the future, like a birthday or getting lost. The experiment was carried out as each student lay on their stomach in a magnetic resonance imaging machine, a dreadful but very useful piece of equipment that can show which areas of the brain are stimulated during specific thought processes.The students were also asked to picture former President Bill Clinton in a past and future setting. Clinton was chosen because he was easily recognized and familiar to all the students.The researchers found a “surprisingly complete overlap” among regions of the brain u sed for remembering the student's past and those used for picturing the future. And every region involved in remembering was also used in anticipating the future.In short, the researchers isolated the area of the brain that “lit up” when the students thought about an event in their own past. And more importantly, that same area lit up again when they thought about a similar event in their future. In fact, the researchers report that the brain activity was so similar in both cas es that it was “indistinguishable.”The findings were reinforced when students imagined Bill Clinton. Since none of them knew him personally, their memories were not autobiographical. And the brain scans showed “significantly less” correlat ion between memories of having seen pictures of Clinton in the White House and projecting him into the future.So this “time machine,” as the researchers describe it, allows us to use the past to see ourselves in the future, and both our memories and our anticipation are interdependent.46. A remarkable human trait that is not well understood is the ability ________.A. to think about the pastB. to see the futureC. to remember the pastD. to control the present47. The findings support that ________.A. future goals will greatly influence a person's present performanceB. a person's present performance is determined by his / her past knowledgeC. future thought depends to a great degree on the memory of the pastD. present thought is impossible without the ability to imagine the future48. The conclusion of the experiment on students was that ________.A. the students could picture themselves better than Bill Clinton in a past and future settingB. the students could imagine themselves as well as Bill Clinton in a past and future settingC. the students could anticipate Bill Clinton better than themselves in a past and future settingD. the students could only picture themselves in a past and future setting but not Bill Clinton49. This “time machine” in the last paragraph most probably refers to ________.A. clockB. brain scanningC. magnetic resonance imagingD. memorySection B (14 marks)Directions: There is one passage in this section with 10 questions. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.For questions 50-55, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 56-59, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Visiting the White HouseWhite House ToursPublic tours of the White House are available for groups of 10 or more people. Requests must be submitted through one's Member of Congress and are accepted up to six months in advance. These self-guided tours are available from 7:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday (excluding federal holidays), and are scheduled on a first come, first served basis approximately one month in advance of the requested date. We encourage you to submit your request as early as possible since a limitednumber of tours are available. All White House tours are free of charge. For the most current tour information, please call the 24-hour line at 202-456-7041. Please note that White House tours may be subject to last minute cancellation.White House Visitor CenterAll tours are significantly enhanced if visitors stop by the White House Visitor Center located at the southeast corner of 15th and E Streets, before or after their tour. The Center is open seven days a week from 7:30 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. and features many aspects of the White House, including its architecture, furnishings, first families, social events, and relations with the press and world leaders, as well as a thirty-minute video. Allow between 20 minutes to one hour to explore the exhibits. The White House Historical Association also sponsors a sales area. Please note that restrooms are available, but food service is not.Mobility-Impaired / Using a WheelchairGuests requiring the loan of a wheelchair should notify the officer at the Visitors Entrance Building upon arrival. Wheelchairs loans are offered on a first-come, first-served basis. Reservations are not possible.Visitors in wheelchairs, or with other mobility disabilities, on the Congressional guided or self-guided tours, between 8:00 a.m. and 12 noon, use the same Visitor entrance and, with up to four members of their party, are admitted without waiting in line and without tickets.Visitors in wheelchairs are escorted by ramp from the entrance level to the ground floor, and by elevator from the ground to the state floor. Guests generally wait in line with their family or group.Hearing-ImpairedTours for hearing-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502. Tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times. Participants enter at the East Appointment gate. A U.S. Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer conducts the tour in sign language. Signed tours are available to groups of 8 to 20. Groups are also encouraged to bring their own interpreters.Signing interpretation is also available for individual visitors with advance notice. A Congressional office first issues guided tour tickets to a guest who is hearing-impaired and then contacts the Visitors Office at least 2 weeks in advance to request interpreter service.The Visitors Office TDD (telephone device for the deaf) is 202-456-2121. Messages may be left outside normal business hours.Visually-ImpairedTours for visually-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502. The tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times. Participants enter at the East Appointment gate. A U.S. Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer permits visitors to touch specific objects in the House. Touch tours are currently available only to groups of 8 to 20, not to individual visitors. Guide animals are permitted in the White House.General Tour InformationAll White House tours are free. Changes in tour schedules are occasionally made because of official events. Notice may not be given until that morning. The Visitors Office 24-hour Information Line recording at 202-456-7041 provides the most up-to-date information. The TDD is 202-456-2121. Visitors should confirm tour schedules by calling the information line the night before and themorning that they plan to visit. It is occasionally necessary to close individual rooms on the tour; however, notice about closed rooms is not possible.Prohibited ItemsProhibited items include, but are not limited to, the following: handbags, book bags, backpacks, purses, food and beverages of any kind, strollers, cameras, video recorders or any type of recording device, tobacco products, personal grooming items (make-up, hair brush or comb, lip or hand lotions, etc.), any pointed objects (pens, knitting needles, etc.), aerosol containers, guns, ammunition, fireworks, electric stun guns, mace, martial arts weapons / devices, or knives of any size. The U.S. Secret Service reserves the right to prohibit any other personal items. Umbrellas, wallets, cell phones and car keys are permitted.Please note that no storage facilities are available on or around the complex. Individuals who arrive with prohibited items will not be permitted to enter the White House.ParkingThe closest Metrorail stations to the White House are Federal Triangle (blue and orange lines), Metro Center (blue, orange, and red lines) and McPherson Square (blue and orange lines). On-street parking is not available near the White House, and use of public transportation is strongly encouraged.Restrooms / Public TelephonesThe nearest restrooms and public telephones to the White House are in the Ellipse Visitor Pavilion (the park area south of the White House) and in the White House Visitor Center. Restrooms or public telephones are not available at the White House.50. Both Congressional guided and self-guided tours need to be scheduled in advance.51. All White House tours are free of charge except on federal holidays.52. The White House Visitor Center provides free drinks but not food service.53. Wheelchair reservation service is provided by the officer at the Visitors Entrance Building.54. Hearing-impaired visitors can request signing interpretation service from the Visitors Office.55. Touch tours are currently only offered to visually-impaired groups of 8 to 20.56. Sometimes official events make it necessary to close ________________ without notice.57. The personal items permitted to be carried into the White House are ________________.58. The transportation visitors are encouraged to use is ________________.59. Inside the White House, visitors cannot find or use restrooms or ________________.Section C (10 marks)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 60-64 are based on the following passage.If you were on a distant planet, and if you had instruments that could tell you the composition of Earth's atmosphere, how would you know there was life on this planet?Water in the atmosphere would suggest there could be water on the surface, and as we all know water is considered crucial to life. But water would only suggest that life is possible. It wouldn't prove it's there.Carbon? That basic component of “life as we know it?” Not necessarily. A diamond is pure carbon, and it may be pretty, but it isn't alive.What really sets Earth apart is nitrogen, which makes up 80 percent of the planet's atmosphere.And it's there only because there is abundant life on Earth, say scientists at the University of Southern California.The report grew out of a class discussion two years ago in a course taught by Capone and Kenneth Nealson, professor of earth sciences. Students were asked to come up with different ideas about searching for life on other planets. What is a distinct “signature,” as Capone puts it, that would show there is life on another planet?That's a question that has been kicked around in many quarters in recent decades, especially since all efforts to find some form of life, no matter whether on Mars or in the distant reaches of space, have failed. At least so far.The current effort to search for some evidence of life on Mars focuses primarily on the search for water, because it has long been believed that water, or at least some fluid, is necessary for the chemical processes that lead life to take place. But that's probably the wrong approach, the USC group argues.“It's hard to imagine life without water, but it's easy to imagine water without life,” says Nealson, who was on the Mars team before moving to USC.But nitrogen would be a much clearer signature of life. Only about 2 percent to 3 percent of the Martian atmosphere is nitrogen. That's just a trace, and it probably means there is no life on Mars today, and if there was in the past, it probably ended many, many years ago.But, the USC team adds quickly, that doesn't mean there's no life anywhere else in the universe. They don't know where, of course, but they may have found a way to narrow down the search. Look first for nitrogen, then look for biological activity that should be there.So if life exists elsewhere, and is similar to life as we know it, there should be nitrogen, and that's what we should be looking for first, the researchers say.If they don't find n itrogen on Mars, Capone says, “that will probably bring us to the conclusion that there likely never was life on Mars.”But how about elsewhere? Could this technique be used to search for life in other solar systems?Maybe. It might be possible to detect a nitrogen-rich atmosphere around a planet orbiting another star, but not yet. Current instruments aren't that sensitive.If they ever are, the search for life might be narrowed down to the most promising prospects, chiefly because of the presence of nitrogen. And won't that be fun!Questions:60. What can suggest life is possible but cannot be proved according to the author?61. What is a clear “signature” of life on another planet according to Capone?62. What is considered as a wrong way to search for evidence of life on Mars?63. What can probably prove there is no life on Mars today based on the new theory?64. Why is it impossible to use the new technique to search for life in other solar systems now?Section D (12 marks)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 65-70. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage.In August 2008, athletes from the United States and around the world will compete in the Beijing Olympics. But did you know that in September of next year, disabled athletes will compete in theParalympic Games in Beijing?The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year, and since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection. The next winter games will take place in Vancouver, Canada, in 2010.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England and a doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War II. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part. Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. 400 athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens had almost 4000 athletes from 136 countries, who may have physical or mental limitations and may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.In 1968, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the sister of former President John F. Kennedy, started the Special Olympics, which are just for children and adults with mental limitations and whose programs currently serve more than two million people in 160 countries. In November 2006, in Mumbai, India, teams competed in the First Special Olympics International Cricket Cup. In addition to India, there were men's teams from Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the West Indies. There were also women's cricket teams from India and Pakistan.There are many organizations in the United States that help people with disabilities play sports. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than one hundred professional teams playing wheelchair basketball thanks to the special wheelchairs for athletes that are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the state of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center, which teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities and even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from the Washington Post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind person to use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.These days, the first place many people go when they want to travel is the Internet, where they can get information about hotels, transportation and services like tour companies. The Internet can also help travelers find special services for the disabled. For example, there are groups that help young people with disabilities travel to different countries.Susan Sygall, who uses a wheelchair herself, leads an organization called Mobility International USA, and has traveled to more than twenty-five countries to talk about the rights of people with disabilities. She says people with disabilities are all members of a global family and working together across borders is the most powerful way of making changes.Summary:The Olympics and the Paralympics are (65) ________ but they have always been held in the same year and also in the same city since 1988 when the International Olympic Committee and。

温家宝在2008年夏季达沃斯论坛上的讲话（中英文对照）

尊敬的克劳斯·施⽡布主席，尊敬的各位来宾，⼥⼠们，先⽣们： Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Distinguished Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen, 2008年夏季达沃斯论坛在天津召开。

⾸先，我谨代表中国政府，并以我个⼈的名义表⽰热烈的祝贺！对各位来宾表⽰诚挚的欢迎！ Let me begin by extending,on behalf of the Chinese Government and in my own name, warm congratulations on the opening of the World Economic Forum Summer Davos 2008 in Tianjin and a warm welcome to you all! 达沃斯论坛创办37年来，已成为国际交流与对话的重要平台，为世界的发展和进步发挥了积极作⽤。

去年达沃斯论坛在中国⼤连成功举办了⾸届夏季年会，今年⼜在天津举办第⼆届年会。

我们为论坛的发展和成就，为论坛与中国的进⼀步合作感到由衷的⾼兴。

In the 37 years since its inception,the World Economic Forum has grown into an important platform for international exchanges and dialogue and played an active role in promoting world development and progress. Last year,the Summer Davos had its first successful annual meeting in Dalian,China and now it is holding this second annual meeting in Tianjin. We applaud the Forum's progress and achievements and are pleased with the deepened cooperation between China and the Forum. 今年是中国改⾰开放30周年。

公共英语(三)光盘版学习通课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

公共英语（三）光盘版学习通课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.()new law passed this year makes it a crime for chinese citizens andcompanies to bribe foreign officials.参考答案:a2.17.We’re very much __________ that he lost the game.参考答案:disappointed3.16.We refuse to sign any treaty(条约) that is against our __________ interests.参考答案:national4.15.He is __________ coming late.参考答案:constantly5.14.My cousin lives in the __________ of the church.参考答案:neighbourhood6.24.The man came in and insistently ________ an apology from the manager.参考答案:demanded7. 2.A __________ of $ 1,000 is offered for information on the criminal.参考答案:reward8.13.Dinner is the main __________ of the day for most people.参考答案:meal9.7.It is __________ that he hasn’t co me to the party.参考答案:curious10.At one hospital, the staff reported that a particular surgeon simply()fit to beoperating.参考答案:wasn't11.Internet mass hunting flesh search and the participants are usually angryyouths on the Internet. When they see something that makes people angry, they will get hot headed, fight against injustice, and lose their sense.参考答案:对12. 1.The children are playing with sand along the __________.参考答案:beach13.The box can hold all my clothes.参考答案:对14.The term Hollywood is often used directly to refer to the American filmindustry,参考答案:对15.Film creation has become a major breakthrough, and TV productioncompanies have entered the film circle.参考答案:对16.20.I am __________ with the result.参考答案:dissatisfied17.The priest fumbled in the folds of his gown.参考答案:对18.Hollywood has gathered a large number of top directors, screenwriters, starsand stuntmen from all over the world. The atmosphere and popularity ofHollywood movie scenes, the lifelike and gorgeous stunts left a deepimpression on people.参考答案:对19.The form of the bullet screen triggers the social attribute of the movie, andthe prospect of developing the second screen technology or form for themovie is broad.参考答案:对20.The border between science fact and science fiction gets a bit fuzzy.参考答案:对21.12.This exhibition is __________ anyone.参考答案:free to22.Don't decide on important matters too quickly.参考答案:对23.solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having fixedideas or theories.参考答案:对24.During the process of development, gentleman culture combines variety ofvalues and finally become the link of different social strata. It is a kind ofvalue that combines with aggressive and conservative.参考答案:对25.Warm up is also called preparatory exercise. The former is named forphysiological reaction, while the latter is a general concept.参考答案:对26.The Gentleman culture of Britain has two sources which are noble spirit andculture concept of value of middle class.参考答案:对27.Determined according to the health(）of the body and the state of sportscompetition参考答案:level28.22.This song ________ me of my school days.参考答案:reminds29.29.It will be long before we ________ again.参考答案:meet30.Protest leaders() for a million-man demonstration in tahrir square ontuesday.参考答案:called31.21.I ________ my energy ________ this project.参考答案:concentrated; on32..Predictions are a dangerous game, so I shall tread ().参考答案:carefully33.They have strengthened their hold ()the troops参考答案:on34.To cope with these data, hospitals bought large mainframe computers.参考答案:对35.We shouldn't slight anybody even if he's a nobody.参考答案:对36.The lemons provide a natural() power and great scent.参考答案:cleaning37. 6.Children learn from their __________.参考答案:mistakes38.Nobody goes for a cut-price heart surgeon.参考答案:对39.Yet it is those vulnerabilities that make him accessible to the audiencebecause they make him more like us.参考答案:对40.Angela is a computer programmerwho does not leave home. Her daily life isto face the computer参考答案:对41.The soybean makes a good substitute for rice and meat.参考答案:对42.Give your high cinematic standards a rest for()evening and see theblockbuster, already参考答案:the43.Hollywood has gathered() large number of top directors, screenwriters, starsand stuntmen from all over the world参考答案:a44.Protest leaders called for a million-man demonstration in tahrir square ontuesday.参考答案:对45.Hollywood, also known() Hollywood参考答案:as46. A new law passed this year makes it a crime for chinese citizens andcompanies to bribe foreign officials.参考答案:对47.8.Speech is __________; silence is ________.参考答案:silver; gold48.9.The word is on the tip of my __________.参考答案:tongue49.Predictions are a dangerous game, so I shall tread carefully.参考答案:对50.10.We were greatly __________ his jokes.参考答案:amused at51.herefore, we must strengthen the law on the regulation of "Internet masshunting", to protect the legitimate rights and interests.参考答案:对52.Beijing retorted that such aggression risked bringing mutual destructionupon the great economic powers.参考答案:对53.The form of the bullet screen triggers the social attribute of the movie, andthe prospect of developing the screen technology or form for the movie is broad参考答案:second54.In today's daily life, the word Internet has frequently appeared in ourcommunication.参考答案:对55. 4.They were __________ leave their country.参考答案:forced to56. 1.Doris has a ________ manner that everyone likes.pleasant###pleasing57.Mr. alva says he saw it()bribe.参考答案:as a58.27.He ________ live in the country than in the city.参考答案:would rather59.11.I haven’t __________ his letter yet.参考答案:responded to60.18.This watch is made __________.参考答案:of gold61. 3.I used to __________ becoming a pilot when I was a kid.参考答案:imagine62. 5.The police haven’t been able to __________ the mysterious bank robbery.solve。

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