2011年职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题阅读文章翻译_2015年职称英语真题备考

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2011年全国职称英语等级考试(综合类A级)真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年全国职称英语等级考试（综合类A级）真题及详解第l部分：词汇选项（1-15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.For some obscure reason,the simple game is becoming very popular.A.unclearB.obviousC.majorD.minor【答案】A【解析】句意：由于某种说不清的原因，这项简单的运动变得非常流行。

划线词obscure 意为“不清楚的，不明了的”。

A项unclear意为“不清楚的”，二者是同义词。

obvious 明显的。

major主要的；重要的。

minor较小的；次要的。

2.The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.A.greatlyB.suddenlyC.generallyD.slightly【答案】A【解析】句意：海龟的自然栖息地大大地减少了。

划线副词considerably意为“相当大的”。

A项greatly意为“很，大大地”，二者意思相近。

suddenly突然地。

generally 通常；普遍地，一般地。

slightly轻微地。

3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A.instructingB.notifyingC.pushingD.inviting【答案】C【解析】句意：我从Moira那里得到一张便条，催促我尽快联系。

urge意为“催促”。

C 项push意为“努力争取；力劝”，二者意思相近。

instruct指导；通知。

notify通告，通知。

invite邀请。

4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A.raiseB.poseC.experienceD.handle【答案】D【解析】句意：完全有可能以不同的方式来解决这个问题。

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类(A级)

2011年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题题解第 1 部分：词汇选项1、A obscure 不清楚的、晦涩的，在四个选项中和 unclear 同义，obvious明显的，恰好是obscure 的反义词；major 和 minor 分别为"主要的"和"次要的"意思。

2 、A considerably 意为"相当大地、在很大程度上"，是副词，修饰动词，故用 greatly 替换。

又如: His English has been considerably improved. 他的英语大有起色。

slightly 为它的反义词。

3 、C 动词 urge"敦促、催促"的意思，push 通常的意义是"推"，但可以转义而具有和urge 相同的意义，又如：The residents are pushing the local authorities to take me measures to handle the pollution problem immediately. 居民们敦促地方当局立即采取措施处理污染问题。

4、 D approach 做动词有多种解释，其中一种和 handle 意义相近，即"处理、对待"等，如：approach the issue with an impartial attitude 已不偏不倚的态度来对待这个问题，approach the subject from a historical point of view 从历史的角度来看这个主题。

5 、C provoke 是"激起、引发"的意思，如: provoke indignation of the public 激起公愤，cause 可以表达同样的意义，但要普通得多。

6、 D tolerate 是"忍受"的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热，tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受侮辱。

2011年职称英语综合类A真题及答案解析

/exam/exam.asp?client=13137$110327810 081$1$|Paper|13137|（在线估分，注册一下就可以用啦！）综合A试卷代码13第一部分考题：词汇选项题1. C (push) -- urge2. D (energetic) -- vigorous3. B (stand) --- tolerate4. B (criticize) – find fault with5. A(greatly) – considerably6. B（unclear）-- obscure7. D (maintain) – assert8. B (afraid) – scared9. D (continuous) – steady10. A (handle) – approach11. A (shake) – tremble12. A（praise）-- hail13. B (cause) – provoke14. D (understand) – grasp15. C (remarking) – saying第二部分考题：阅读判断The forbidden apple16. Some activitieshave recently become illegal in New York.答案为A。

文章相关句：These daysit is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least in public).17. It’s now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in NewYork.答案为B。

文章相关句：These daysit is the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (atleast in public).18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.答案为B。

2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及答案

2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题及答案2015年全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 It was unfortunate that she had erased the message.A heard ofB rubbed outC looked atD spoken out2 He came back home, weary and fatigued.A exhaustedB scaredC worriedD frightened3 The woman living next door is extremely slender.A slimB tallC weakD pale4 Your accusation is wholly without foundation.A almostB probablyC evidentlyD completely5 He was obsessed with American horror movies.A kept thinking aboutB took advantage ofC paid no attention toD cared nothing about6 I have to apologize for my abrupt departure yesterday.A lateB suddenC unfriendlyD untold7 I think she made a blunder by announcing it ahead of time.A decisionB mistakeC promiseD plan8 Some astronomers contend that the universe may be younger than previously believedA predictB thinkC suggestD argue9 My room is really very cosy.A coolB coldC cleanD comfortable10 She is a lovely and gracious woman.A curiousB courteousC quietD shy11 He never grumbled about working overtime.A complainedB talkedC wroteD spoke12 She hugged me like an old friend and invited me to dinner the next day.A heldB embracedC kissedD patted13 Different hypotheses have been put forward to explain why UFOs exist.A sentencesB commentsC theoriesD conclusions14 I must apologize for my outrageous behavior.A courageousB angryC greedyD glorious15 To start with, we need to decide who will preside over the meeting.A attendB celebrateC chairD prepare第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题l分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2011年职称英语试题综合类（A级）真题及答案

综合类（A级）试卷及答案年职称英语试题综合类（2011年职称英语试题第⼀部分考题：词汇选项 1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor 答案：A unclear--- obscure.模糊不清晰的 2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly 答案选择A(greatly) – considerably， greatly 意思为adv. 相当地;⾮常地 3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting 答案：C (push)-- urge催促某⼈做某事 push推;促进;逼迫 4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle 答案：D handle—approach Approach： start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。

5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD received 答案：C caused ----provoke: 激怒.惹起.驱使，造成 6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand 答案：D stand= tolerate 忍受、承受 7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy 答案：A energetic---vigorous 精⼒充沛的有活⼒的 8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting 答案：A shake – tremble 颤抖颤动 9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught 答案：Cpraised ---hail: 招呼.致敬.万岁.向...欢呼. 10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid 答案： D afraid---- scared 害怕.恐惧 11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand 答案： D understand--- grasp 理解，明⽩ 12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing 答案：B saying--- remarking 说话，说出 13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged 答案：D (maintain) – assert 主张、声称、断⾔其他选项分析：Maintain：维修;主张;供养Recommend：推荐Considere：考虑Acknowledge：承认致谢 14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science co u r s e s . / f o n t > / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 1 " > f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 2 " > &n b s p ; / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 3 " > f o n t s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 4 " > 0 0 f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " b d s f i d = " 3 0 5 " > A r e l a t i v e B g e n e r a l C c o n t i n u o u s D s h a r p / f o n t > / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 6 " > f o n t f a c e = " T i m e s N e w R o m a n " s i z e = " 3 " b d s f i d = " 3 0 7 " > &n b s p ; / f o n t > / p > p b d s f i d = " 3 0 8 " >。

2011年职称英语真题卫生类A级阅读理解原文及译文

Immune Functions（免疫功能）The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system.The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communication network consisting of millions and millions of anized into sets and subsets,these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees flying around a hive（蜂巢）.The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate effective,and self-limiting.免疫系统的复杂性可以比得上大脑以及神经系统的复杂性。

免疫系统都保护身体取决于一个动态的通讯管理网络，这个网络是由上千万个细胞组成的。

这些细胞组成了无数的窝穴和小窝穴，就像成群的蜜蜂围绕着蜂巢来来回回地传递着信息。

结果就是一个敏感的检查和平衡的系统，能产生迅速的、适当有效的、自我限制的免疫应答。

At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and nonself.When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or nonself molecules,the immune troops move quickly to eliminate theintruders（入侵者）.Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self.The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker.Rather,immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in s state known as self-tolerance.When a normally functioning immune system attacks a nonself molecule,the system has the ability to“remember”the specifics of the foreign body.Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules,the immune system reacts accordingly.With the possible exception of antibodies（抗体）passed during lactation （哺乳期）,this so called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family,your immune system must“learn”from experience with the many millions of distinctive nonself molecules in the sea of microbes（微生物）in which we live.Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each nonself invader.免疫系统的核心是有能力分清自我和异物。

2011年职称英语完型填空新增文章译文---综合类

2011年职称英语完型填空新增文章译文---综合类上世纪人类平均寿命的变化综A一百年以前，发达国家的人均寿命大约是47岁；到21世纪初，美英两国的男性平均寿命约为74岁，女性则约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。

是什么造成了这样的变化呢？在研究一百年前的人们寿命的时候，我们有必要注意当时一些不治之症。

早在20世纪初，这些不治之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。

许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年迈题弱的人也总是面临着它们的威胁。

如今，这些疾病在发达国家已远不能致命，有一些都能被治愈。

这一变化归于许多因素，比如：环境及个人卫生的改善，抗生素的发现及使用，（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。

除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。

从基因角度看，人都都能活到85岁，但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。

现在困扰人们的是像心脏病和中风那种更为慢性的疾病，还有像流行性感冒和AIDS那些通过病毒传染的疾病。

当然，癌症也是一大杀手。

上述疾病大多影响着老年人，但是令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖，产生更多心脏病和糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐呈年轻化。

人们如今把这些疾病归为“生活方式疾病”，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它们的进一步发展。

竞技还是表演？综BMuhammad Ali 极有可能是世界上最负盛名的体坛人物：全世界不分老少都熟知拳王Ali。

退役后，Ali被诊断患有帕金森综合症，这激起了社会上对拳击运动危险性的争论和诟病。

另外，由于Ali曾坦白反对女性拳击运动，所以当他的一个女儿— Laila决定跨入拳坛时，人们十分好奇Ali对此会作何回应。

然而，在Laila首场职业争霸赛上，Ali的露面似乎高调宣布了他对女儿的支持。

父亲当然会想看自己女儿的比赛。

2011年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案

2011年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案职称英语考试历年真题汇总>>/zZnTL（复制链接，点击“打开链接”即可访问）更多精品备考资料在职称英语考试交流群：151033695第一部分考题：词汇选项1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor2. The sea turtle’s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handleApproach： start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。

5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD received6.Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic BhappyC aloneD busy8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB provedCpraised D caught10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

职称英语综合类A级真题2011年

划线词provoke是一个及物动词(vt.)，其词义是“引起，激发”。
A项ignore意为忽视；例句：If there's one meal that is ignored nowadays, it is breakfast．如果有一顿饭被忽视的话，那就是早餐。
B项organize意为组织；例句：The meeting was badly organized．会议组织得很糟。
A. shaking
B. turning
C. jumping
D. shouting
A B C D
答案:A
[解析] 题意：福雷斯特盯着看他的车，气得发抖。
划线词的词义是“发抖，战栗”。
A项shake意为发抖；战栗，例句：His voice shook with fear．他害怕得声音发抖。
C项last意为持续；例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎热的天气持续到九月。
D项stand意为站立，忍受。例句：I don't think the chair is firm enough to stand on．我觉得这椅子不够稳固，不能站人。
A. reported
B. proved
C. praised
D. caught
A B C D
答案:C
[解析] 题意：在营救两名儿童之后，一年轻男子被欢呼拥之为英雄。
划线词hail的词义是“向……欢呼致贺”。
A项report意为报告；例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．据报告这次事故有20人死亡。

2011年职称英语考试综合类A级（阅读理解）试题及答案

2011年职称英语考试已于3⽉26⽇结束，以下是考友分享的2011职称英语(综合类A级)真题答案：阅读判断，希望对⼤家有所帮助。

2011年职称英语考试综合类A级(阅读理解)试题及答案下⾯有3篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5道题，每道题后⾯都有4个选项。

请仔细阅读短⽂并根据短⽂回答其后⾯的问题，从4个选项中选择1个答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第⼀篇 The Smell of Money For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (⾹⽓) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism. But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food. It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰⼦) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (⾃动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats. “The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉的) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.” 31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in A cafes B banks C travel agencies D supermarkets 32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people A to spend money B to feel confident about banks C to earn more money D to withdraw money from banks 33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that A people’s attitudes toward money are different B it’s hard to identify and analyze it C no technology can do it D experts have no motive 34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to A see B study C control D understand 35. Researchers think A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage C artificial smells are harmful D the production of artificial smells is profitably第⼆篇 Spoilt for Choice(A级) Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, Iifestylecoaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee2. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5. The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied. It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety. The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down. 36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives B only professionals have the right to do that C they have sufficient money to pay D they have emotional problems 37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice? A Giving up B Walking away C Buying an unsuitable item D Seeking advice 38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays? A They are of poor quality. B They are quickly replaced with new ones. C They have too many versions. D They are not designed by computers. 39. How does migration today differ from that of the past? A People now migrate to find better jobs. B People now migrate for better life. C People now migrate for better environments. D People now have more choice about where to migrate. 40. Which of the following best expresses the writer’s view on choice? A Better more choice than no choice B Better no choice than more choice C All choice is easy D More choice, more anxiety第三篇 Cell Phones: Hang Up or Keep Talking? Millions of people are using cell phones today. In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication—having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected. The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried. Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serous debate about this issue. Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning (扫描) equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn’t remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer’s doctor didn’t agree. What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech machines can detect verysmall amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it’s best to use mobile phones less often. Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time. Use your mobile phone only when you really need it. Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies. In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health. So for now, it’s wise not to use your mobile phone too often 41. People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that A they’re popular B they’re cheap C they’re useful D they’re convenient 42. The world “detected” in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by A cured B removed C discovered D caused 43. The salesman retired young because A he disliked using mobile phones B he was tired of talking on his mobile phone C he couldn’t remember simple tasks D his employer’s doctor persuaded him to 44. On the safety issue of mobile phones, the manufacturing companies A deny the existence of mobile phone radiation B develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation C try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health D hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about 45. The writer’s purpose of writing this article is to advise people A to buy mobile phones B to update regular phones C to use mobile phones less often D to stop using mobile phones 答案解析：第⼀篇阅读理解：the smell of money 31. Artificial sm e l l s h a v e b e e n u s e d i n _ _ _ .。

2011年职称英语等级考试理工类A级真题阅读文章翻译_2015年职称英语真题备考

职称英语备考真题学派网职称英语团队原创翻译0第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Earth Rocks onMost of the time, the ground feels solid beneath our feet. That’s comforting. But it’s also misleading because there’s actually a lot going on underground. Masses of land (called plates) slip, slide, and bump against each other, slowly changing the shape of continents and oceans over millions and billions of years.Scientists know that Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. They also know that our planet was hot at first. As it cooled, its outermost layer, called the crust（地壳）, eventually formed moving plates. Exactly when this shift happened, however, is an open question.Now, an international group of researchers has an answer. They’ve found new evidence suggesting that Earth’s crust started shifti ng at least 3. 8 billion years ago. The new estimate is 1.3 billion years earlier than previous ones.Not long before 3. 8 billion years ago, lots of asteroids（小行星）were hitting Earth, keeping its crust in a hot, melted state. After the hard crust formed, much of it sank at various times into the planet’s hot insides. There, it melted before returning to the surface.In some places, however, the crust never sank. One of the oldest such places is in Greenland, in an area called the Isua supracrustal（上地壳）belt. The rocky crust there is between 3.7 and 3.8 billion years old. The belt was once part of the seafloor, but now it is exposed to air.The researchers recently took a close look at the Isua supracrustal belt. They noticed long, parallel cracks in the rock that have been filled in with a type of volcanic rock.To explain this structure, the scientists propose that tension in the crust caused the seafloor to crack open long ago. Hot, liquid rock, called magma（岩浆）flowed up slowly from deep inside Earth to fill the cracks. Finally, the whole area cooled, forming what we see today.That explanation, plus chemical clues inside the rock, suggests that the Isua supracrustal belt was once part of a plate under the ocean, beginning around 3.8 billion years ago.16．The ground beneath our feet is indeed still.地球在摇晃绝大多数时候，我们感觉脚下的土地很坚实。

2011年全国职称英语综合类真题答案解析

2011年全国职称英语综合类（A级）真题及答案解析第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minor答案：A unclear——obscure2. The sea turtle‘s natural habit at has been considerably reduced.A greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightly答案选择A（greatly）–considerably3.I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch.A instructingB notifyingC pushingD inviting答案：C （push）——urge4.It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.A raiseB poseC experienceD handle答案：D handle—approach5.The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.A ignoredB organizedC causedD received答案：C caused ——provoke：6.Jane said that she couldn‘t tolerate the long hours.A spendB takeC lastD stand答案：D stand= tolerate7. At 80,Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.A energetic Bhappy C alone D busy答案：A energetic——vigorous8.Forester stared at his car，trembling with rage.A shakingB turningC jumping Dshouting答案：A shake –tremble9.A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.A reportedB proved Cpraised D caught答案：Cpraised ——hail：10.I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.A anxiousB sureC sadD afraid答案：D afraid——scared11.At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A giveB attachC loseD understand答案：D understand——grasp12.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do .A doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowing答案：B saying——remarking13.He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.A maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledged答案：D （maintain）–assert14.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A relativeB generalC continuousD sharp答案：D （continuous）–steady15.She always finds fault with everything,A criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines答案：A criticizes——finds fault with第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年职称英语真题卫生类A级阅读判断原文及译文

Relieving the Pain“Exercise may be the best treatment of chronic pain,”say doctors at a new clinic for dealing with pain.“People with chronic pain need to stop lying around,go out more,and start exercising.”The instinctive reaction to acute pain is to stop moving and to try to protect the source of pain.But it seems that this is often not productive,especially in the case of back pain.Back pain,after headaches and tiredness,has become the third most common reason for people to visit their doctors. Painful backs now account for millions of days off work.Lumbar（腰部的）pains are partly the price humans pay for taking their forelimbs off the ground,but they are made worse by a sedentary（久坐不动的）ck of exercise slowly decreases the flexibility and strength of muscles,so that it is more difficult to take pressure off the site of pain. Exercise is essential.It releases endorphins（内啡肽）,the body’s“feel-good”chemicals,which are natural painkillers. In fact,these are so important that researchers are now looking for drugs that can maintain a comfortable level of endorphins in the body.Most people who go to a family doctor complaining of pain are prescribed pain-killing drugs rather than exercise.Since finding the cause of backache is not so easy,doctors frequently do not know the precise cause of the discomfort,and as the pain continues,sufferers end up taking stronger doses or a series of different drugs.“It’s crazy,”says Dr.Brasseur,a therapist at the International Association for the Study of Pain.“Some of them are taking different drugs prescribed by different doctors.I’ve just seen a patient who was taking two drugs which turned out to be the same thing under different-names.”A generation of new pain clinics now operates on the basis that drugs are best avoided.Once patients have undergone the initial physical and psychological check up,their medication is cut down as much as possible.Taking patients off drugs also prepares them for physical activity.In some pain-relief clinics,patients begin the day with muscle contraction and relaxation exercises,followed by an hour on exercise ter in the day,they practice tai chi（太极）,self-defense,and deep thought.This compares with an average of two-and-a-half hours’physiotherapy（理疗）a week in a traditional hospital program.“The idea is to strengthen and to increase long-lasting energy,flexibility,and confidence,”explains Bill Wiles,a consultant pain doctor in Liverpool.“Patients undergoing this therapy get back to work and resume healthy active lifestyles much sooner than those subjected to more conservative treatment.”译文：减轻痛苦“锻炼可能是治疗慢性疼痛最好的方法，”一家治疗疼痛的新诊所里面的医生说道。

2011职称英语综合A真题及答案

第一部分考题：词汇选项A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minorA greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightlyA instructingB notifyingC pushingD invitingA raiseB poseC experienceD handleApproach：start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。

A ignoredB organizedC causedD receivedA spendB takeC lastD standA energetic BhappyC aloneD busyA shakingB turningC jumping DshoutingA reportedB provedCpraised D caughtA anxiousB sureC sadD afraidA giveB attachC loseD understandA doubtingB sayingC thinkingD knowingA maintainedB recommendedC consideredD acknowledgedA relativeB generalC continuousD sharpA criticizesB simplifiesC evaluatesD examines第一部分考题：词汇选项A. unclearB. obviousC. majorD. minorA greatlyB suddenlyC generallyD slightlyA instructingB notifyingC pushingD invitingA raiseB poseC experienceD handleApproach：start to deal with (a situation or problem) in a certain way解决问题。

职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案解析WORD版

2011年职称英语综合类A级考试真题及答案解析第1部分: 词汇选项(第1～15题, 每题1分, 共15分)下面共有15个句子, 每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线, 请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1.Fo.som.obscur.reason.th.simpl.gam.i.becomin.ver.popular.A.unclea.B.obviou.C.majo.D.minor答案: .unclear--.obscure2.Th.se.turtle’.natura.habi.a.ha.bee.considerabl.reduced..greatl..suddenl..generall..slightly答案选择A(greatly..considerably3..go..not.fro.Moir.urgin.m.t.ge.i.touch..instructin..notifyin..pushin..inviting答案: .(push)-.urge4.I.i.possibl.t.approac.th.proble.i..differen.way..rais..pos..experienc..handle答案: .handle—approach5.Th.decisio.t.invad.provoke.storm.o.protest。

anize..cause..received答案: .cause.----provoke:6.Jan.sai.tha.sh.couldn’.tolerat.th.lon.hours.s..stand答案: .stand.tolerate7.A.80,Pec.wa.stil.vigorou.an.livin.i.Paris..energeti.Bhapp..alon..busy答案: .energetic---vigorous8.Foreste.stare.a.hi.car, tremblin.wit.rage..shakin..turnin..jumpin.Dshouting答案: .shak..tremble9..youn.ma.i.bein.haile..her.tonigh.afte.rescuin.tw.children..reporte..prove.Cpraise..caught答案: Cpraise.---hail:10..wante.t.as.he.ou.bu.wa.scare.tha.sh.migh.refuse..anxiou..sur..sa..afraid答案..afraid---.scared11.A.tha.time.w.di.no.full.gras.th.significanc.o.wha.ha.happened..giv..attac..los..understand答案..understand--.grasp12.Anderso.lef.th.table, remarkin.tha.h.ha.som.wor.t.d...doubtin..sayin..thinkin..knowing答案: .saying--.remarking13.H.asserte.tha.nuclea.powe.wa..saf.an.non-pollutin.energ.source..maintaine..recommende..considere..acknowledged答案: .(maintain..assert14.Th.stud.als.note..stead.declin.i.th.numbe.o.colleg.student.takin.scienc.courses..relativ..genera..continuou..sharp答案: .(continuous..steady15.Sh.alway.find.faul.wit.everything,.criticize..simplifie..evaluate..examines答案: .criticizes--.find.faul.with第2部分: 阅读判断(第16～22题, 每题1分, 共7分)阅读下面这篇短文, 短文后列出了7个句子, 请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2011年职称英语等级考试综合类A级真题阅读文章翻译_2015年职称英语真题备考

2011年职称英语等级考试真题（综合类A级）2015年职称英语真题备考学派网职称英语团队原创翻译0第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

The Forbidden AppleNew York used to be the city that never sleeps. These days it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs（碎屑）of your sandwich, you could be arrested. It’s illegal. If you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er... no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.What’s going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He has brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100, 000 on a “Don’t blame the cop” campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It’s all about money. ”The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. YoavKashida, an Israeli tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats(you mustn’t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.The angry editor of Vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.”He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray（烟灰缸）.But not all of New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugarry, 72, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live. ”Nixon Patotkis, 38, a barman, said, “I like the new laws. If people smoked in here, we’d go home smelling of cigarettes.”Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100, 000 people than 193 other US cities. And it’s true—it’s safer, cleaner and healthier than before. But let’s behonest—who goes to New York for its clean streets?禁果纽约过去是个不夜城。