中国石油大学(北京)大英一期末复习题及答案

大英一练习题第一部分：交际用语（满分10分）针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

A部分1、-- Good morning, John . How are you doing?- _________A. I'm pleased.B. Good night.C. Not so bad. And you?D. How do you do?2、-- Hi, I’m Jack Brown.--A. Jack what?B. Nice to meet you.C. Nice to meet you, too.D. How are you?3、---- You are welcome.A. Hello.B. May I help you?C. Sorry.D. Thanks a lot.4、– I’m sorry for doing that.--A. Don’t mention it.B. You’re welcome.C. No way.D. I don’t know.5、- Good-bye for now.- _________A. The same to you.B. That's OK.C. See you.D. Long time no see.B部分1、- I didn't mean to do that. Please forgive me.- _________A. Not too bad.B. That's all right.C. It's a pleasure.D. Thank you.2、- Thank you for your invitation.- _________A. It doesn't matter.B. It's a pleasure.C. It's a small thing.D. I'll appreciate it.3、– Are there any tickets left?--A. No tickets.B. Neither.C. Sorry, they’re all out.D. Never.4、– Why not do it right now?--A. I’m sorry.B. May I help you?C. That’s good idea.D. Excuse me?5、- I got a new job.-_______________A. OK.B. Thank you.C. That’s OK.D. Congratulations.C部分1、-- What's the matter, dear?-- _________A. I didn't go to school.B. I have a terrible headache.C. I took the kids shopping today.D. It is a beautiful dress.2、– It’s so kind of you to help me.--A. I don’t know.B. Sorry, I don’t know.C. It’s my pleasure.D. I didn’t help you.3、-- Good-bye for now.-- _________A. The same to you.B. That's OK.C. See you.D. Long time no see.4、– Have a good weekend!--A. I have.B. Thanks.C. All right.D. You too.5、– Do you mind if I sit next to you?--A. Excuse me.B. Not at all.C. I don’t know.D. See you later.第二部分：阅读理解每篇短文后有5个问题。

请从每个问题后的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。

A部分Passage 1People have been talking about health for a long time because people know the importance of it. People's understanding of health also becomes deeper with the progress in scientific research. Recently the term "health" has come to have a wider meaning than it used to. It no longer means just the absence of illness. Today, health means the well-being of your body, your mind and your relationship with other people. This new concept of health is closely related to another term－quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of overall satisfaction that a person gets from life.Why has the emphasis of health shifted from the absence of disease to a broader focus on the quality of a person's life? One reason for this has to do with the length and conditions of life that people can now expect. Medical advances have made it possible for people today to live longer, healthier lives. Imagine for a moment that you were born in the year 1900. You could have expected on average to live until about the age of 47. In contrast, if you were born in the year 1999, you could expect to live to the age of 75.6、________ leads to people's deeper understanding of health.A：Common knowledgeB：Progress in scientific researchC：Better conditions of livingD：Quality of life7、According to the passage, to people of today, health means ________.A：absence of illnessB：a long lifeC：good conditions of livingD：overall satisfaction with life8、The emphasis of health has shifted nowadays because _________.A：people enjoy better conditions of living and they can live longerB：people pay more attention to their physical health, not their mental healthC：people have realized the importance of mental well-beingD：people are inspired by medical advances9、We can infer from the passage __________.A：nowadays the emphasis of health has a broader focus because of improvements in the quality of foodB：the overall quality of people's lives improved greatly in the 20th centuryC：those who never fall ill are the truly healthy peopleD：those who were born before 1900 could not have lived until now10、This passage is mainly about __________.A：different understandings of the term "health"B：improving the quality of lifeC：the importance of quality livingD：people's expectations of a long and healthy lifePassage 2Some people have the feeling that nothing can be done about their poor reading ability(能力). They feel hopeless about it. Can you learn to read better, or must you agree that nothing can be done about it?To be sure, people are different. You cannot do everything as well as certain other people do. If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between. But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading. Some seem to enjoy reading and to read well without any special help. Others find reading a slow and tiring job. In between, there are all degrees of reading ability.Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability. In these experiments, the poor readers were given tests of reading ability. After some of the causes of their poor reading were discovered, they were given special instruction and practice in reading. After a few months, another test of the same kind was given. In nearly all cases, these people had raised their reading scores.11. With the example of basketball players, the author shows _____.A. why certain people are poor readersB. that there are differences in people’s abilitiesC. why some people are good basketball playersD. that good basketball players can be good readers12.To improve their reading ability, people should _____.A. work long and hardB. take different forms of testsC. have special help and practiceD. try different reading materials13.The experiments mentioned in the text show that _____.A. good readers seem to enjoy readingB. almost all poor readers can make progressC. causes of poor reading are difficult to find outD. tests help people improve their reading ability14. What is the main idea of the text?A. Nothing can be done about poor reading ability.B. People are different.C. Poor basketball players can be very good ones.D. Reading ability can be improved.15. What is the author’s attitude towards reading ability improvement?A. positiveB. negativeC. neutralD. indifferentPassage 3People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial (人造的) substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance (物质), such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up there or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes a litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metal and paper. Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy thing we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excess use and careless disposal (处理) of the products we use in our daily lives.16. The main cause of pollution is _____.A. the release of artificial or natural substances into the environmentB. the production of new industrial goodsC. increased amounts of a natural substanceD. our ever-increasing population17. Much of the pollution could be controlled if only _____.A. people would pay more attention to the problemB. governments would take effective measuresC. all sides concerned would make more effortsD. farmers would use less artificial fertilizers18. Food packages, bottles and tins for drinks can cause _____.A. air and water pollutionB. both a litter problem and a waste of resourcesC. to pay for the serviceD. to produce the receipt19. Which of the following can not help solving the problem of pollution?A. Cutting out unnecessary buyingB. Eating lessC. Reduce excess useD. Carefully dispose our daily products.20. What does the underlined word "litter" mean in paragraph 2 ?A. not manyB. serious problemC. bits of waste thingsD. industrial pollutionB部分Passage 1A young man who lived in London was in love with a beautiful girl. Soon she became his fiancée （未婚妻）. The man was very poor while the girl was rich. The young man wanted to make her a present on her birthday. He wanted to buy something beautiful for her, but he had no idea how to do it, as he had very little money. The next morning he went to a shop. There were many fine things there: gold watches, diamond… but all these things were too expensive. There was one thing he could not take his eyes off. It was a beautiful vase. That was a suitable present for his fiancée. He had been looking at the vase for half an hour when the manager of the shop noticed him. The young man looked so pale, sad and unhappy that the manager asked what had happened to him.The young man told him everything. The manager felt sorry for him and decided to help him.A bright idea struck him. The manager pointed to the corner of the shop. To his great surprise the young man saw a vase broken into many pieces. The manager said: "When the servant enters the room, he will drop it."On the birthday of his fiancée the young man was very excited.Everything happened as had been planned. The servant brought in the vase, and as he entered the room, he dropped it. There was horror on everybody's face. When the box was opened, the guests saw that each piece was packed separately.6、The story took place ______.A. in FranceB. in EnglandC. in GermanyD. in the United States7、Which of the following is true?A. The young man's family was poor while the beautiful girl is rich.B. A rich young man fell in love with a beautiful girl.C. The young man loved the girl but the girl didn't love him.D. The young man had enough money to buy a beautiful vase.8、Why did the young man want to buy a present for the girl?A. He wanted to give her a Christmas present.B. He fell in love with her.C. Her birthday was coming soon.D. They were going to get married.9、Why did the shop manager come to talk to the young man?A. He looked very excited.B. He looked pale and sad.C. He was poorly dressed.D. He said he wanted to buy a beautiful vase.10、On the birthday of his fiancée, the young man was excited because ______.A. the girl was in love with himB. the girl looked beautifulC. the girl was happy and gayD. he was not sure whether his trick would be seen throughPassage 2There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.Nowadays, people are very busy. Often, both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.The busyness also adds another factor: the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology. Computers, DVDs. CDs, television, PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits. This has led to a more sedentary lifestyle.The media provide entertainment and information. Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard(轰炸) their audience with ‘perfect’ body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do.Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.It is important for everyone to be accepted and cared about by family and friends. Both of these groups can influence people--positively and negatively.Negatively feelings can lead people to adopt an unhealthy lifestyle.Perhaps the most important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation. Or the desire to be healthy. Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy —if he/she is motivated enough!11. The passage is mainly about _____.A. benefits of a healthy life styleB. demands of daily lifeC. factors affecting a healthy lifestyleD. a positive approach to healthy living12. The word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 probable means _____.A. having a lot of things to doB. involving little exercise or physical activityC. being isolated from the outside worldD. experiencing a lot of stress13. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor leading to the popularity of fast food?A. Cheap price.B. The media.C. Busy lifestyle.D. Convenience14. Which is NOT listed as a factor influencing the ability to have a healthy lifestyle?A. Pollution.B. Economic factors.C. Dependence upon cars.D. Influence of family or friends.15. According to the author, ____may be the most important factor influencing healthy l ifestyles.A. technologyB. cultural backgroundC. environmentD. the desire to be healthyPassage 3In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone awry. Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.16. What is the main purpose of this passage?A. To look back to the early days of computers.B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.17. According to the passage, initial concerns about computers were that they might__________.A. lead us into the post-war eraB. be quite widespreadC. take controlD. take over routine tasks18. The passage recommends those dealing with computers to__________.A. be reasonably skeptical abort themB. check all their answersC. substitute them for basic thinkingD. use them for business purposes only19. An “internal computer” is__________.A. a computer uses exclusively by one company for its own problemsB. a person’s store of knowledge and the ability to process itC. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buyD. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable20. The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is__________.A. challengingB. psychologicalC. dramaticD. malfunctioningC部分Passage 1Man is a land animal, but he is also closely tied to the sea. Throughout history the sea has served the needs of man. The sea has provided man with food and a convenient way to travel to many parts of the world. Toady, experts believe that nearly two-thirds of the world’s populationlive within eighty kilometers of the seacoast.In the modern technological world the sea offers many resources to help mankind survive. Resources on land are beginning to grow less. The sea, however, still offers hope to supply many of man’s needs in the future.The riches of the sea yet to be developed by man’s technology are impressive. Oil and gas explorations have existed for nearly thirty years. Valuable amounts of minerals such as iron, copper and so on exist on the ocean floor.Besides oil and gas, the sea may offer new sources of energy. For example, warm temperature of the ocean can be used as the steam in a steamship. Sea may also offer a source of energy as electricity for mankind.Technology is enabling man to explore even deeper under the sea. It is obvious that the technology to harvest the sea continues to improve. By the 2050, experts believe that the problems to explore the food, minerals and energy resources of the sea will have been largely solved.6. What is the beat title for the passage?A. Needs of Man.B. Sea Harvest and FoodC. Sea and Sources of EnergyD. Sea Exploring Technology.7. It can be inferred from the passage that _____.A. man hasn’t completely made use of the riches of the seaB. technology for exploring the sea has been solvedC. harvesting rice in the sea will be made possibleD. in the near future man can live on the ocean floor8. Why does the author mention a steamship?A. To illustrate that man can make use of sources of energy from the sea.B. To show that a steamship is better than other kinds of ships.C. To argue that man should use steamships.D. To indicate that it is warmer in the ocean than on land.9. According to the author, technology is important because _____.A. resources on land are running short in ten yearsB. man can use it to explore the deeper seaC. it is a lot of fun diving into the seaD. ancient people used it to explore the sea10. According to the author, when will the problems to explore the deeper sea largelybe solved?A. In the next generation.B. By the end of the 20th century.C. In the near future.D.By the middle of the 21st century.Passage 2When I begin to look back on all friends whom I have had, I quickly came to the conclusion that Jerry was the most important and had the greatest effect upon my life. His family moved tomy block when I was only 10. Jerry was 15 at the time, but the fact that he was so much older than me seemed to make no difference to him. I was very glad that he liked me. We took long walks together, on which he would tell me stories he had heard form TV and radio programs.But as months went by, a change came into our friendship. Jerry almost stopped coming by the house, and every time I went to his house or telephoned, he put me off with some excuses such as "I'm studying now" or "I've got some jobs to do for Mum". When we passed on the street, he would still give me a warm smile and friendly wave with a "Hi, kid", but he would hardly ever stop to talk. Finally I realized that he was no longer interested in me and that his taste had changed.I noticed him with a girl once in a while and several times saw him going out in his family's car ona Friday or Saturday night. I simply couldn't understand what was so great about girls and parties.But I was hurt when he finally made me know that our friendship was at an end. Of course he didn't really mean to hurt me, but it was a long time before I realized that it was an age problem that caused the break. There were a world of differences between the ideas and interests of a17-year-old and a 12-year-old. Now that I'm over sixteen myself, I realized this, and the hurt I got then has become happy memories of the good times we were once together. I wonder if millions of other boys and girls have had a similar experience.11、When the writer and Jerry first met, Jerry was ______.A：10 years old B：5 years older than the writerC：of the same age as the writer D：the writer's classmate12、Their friendship lasted for ______.A：a few years B：a few weeksC：a few months D：a few hours13、Jerry stopped playing with the writer because ______.A：the writer had changed B：he was busy with his studyC：he has some jobs to do D：he was not interested in the writer14、When a change came in their friendship, the writer ______.A：accepted it at once B：couldn't understand his friend for a long timeC：stopped visiting his friend D：started going to parties with girls15、The main idea of the passage is that ______.A：the age difference plays a part in friendshipB：friendship is the most important thing for childrenC：many boys and girls have a similar experience as the writerD："friends are made in wine and tested in tears"Passage 3In the water around New York city is a very small island called Liberty Island. On Liberty Island there is a very special statue called the Statue of Liberty. It is one of the most famous sights in the world.The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States. The statue was made by a French sculptor named Frederic Auguste Bartholdi. The inner support system was designed by Gustave Eiffel, the same man who made the famous Eiffel Tower in Paris.Liberty, of course, means freedom, and the Statue of Liberty was given to the United States to celebrate the one-hundredth anniversary of U.S independence from England. The statue was built in France, taken apart piece by piece, and then rebuilt in the United States. It was openedfor the public on October 28, 1886.As you might expect, the statue is very big. Visitors can ride an elevator from the ground to the bottom of the statue. If they want, they can then walk up 168 steps to reach the head of the statue where they can look out and enjoy the beautiful sight of the city of New York.16、A good title for this selection is ______.A. Famous Sights in the worldB. Liberty IslandC. The Statue of LibertyD. A city in France17、The word "sights" in the first paragraph means ______.A. a small present or giftB. a kind of postcardC. the power of seeingD. something that you can see18、The statue was built ______.A. in FranceB. in the United StatesC. in EnglandD. on Liberty Island19、We may conclude that the elevator does not ______.A. go fast enoughB. cost lots of moneyC. go to the topD. both A and B20、The man who made the part of the statue that we can see on the outside was ______.A. an unknown architectB. BartholdiC. EiffelD. both B and C第三部分：词汇与结构针对每个句子中未完成的部分有4个选项，请从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并用铅笔将答题卡上的相应字母涂黑。