Positive Research on the Financial Statement Fraud Factors of Listed Companies in China
常见职务、职位英文翻译
常见职位、职务英文译名Accoun ng Assistant 会计助理会计助理Accoun ng Clerk 记帐员记帐员Accoun ng Manager 会计部经理会计部经理Accoun ng Stall 会计部职员会计部职员Accoun ng Supervisor 会计主管会计主管Administra on Manager 行政经理行政经理Administra on Staff 行政人员行政人员Administra ve Assistant 行政助理行政助理Administra ve Clerk 行政办事员行政办事员Adver sing Staff 广告工作人员广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representa ve 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员航空公司职员Applica on Engineer 应用工程师应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任业务主任Business Manager 业务经理业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师化学工程师Civil Engineer 土木工程师土木工程师Clerk/Recep onist 职员/接待员Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer 计算机工程师计算机工程师Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人Deputy General Manager 副总经理Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理Electrical Engineer 电气工程师电气工程师Engineering Technician 工程技术员工程技术员English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师英语教师Export Sales Manager 外销部经理Export Sales Staff 外销部职员Financial Controller 财务主任财务主任Financial Reporter 财务报告人财务报告人F.X. (Foreign Exchange) Clerk 外汇部职员F.X. Se lement Clerk 外汇部核算员Fund Manager 财务经理财务经理General Auditor 审计长审计长General Manager/President 总经理总经理General Manager Assistant 总经理助理General Manager's Secretary 总经理秘书Hardware Engineer (计算机)硬件工程师(计算机)硬件工程师Import Liaison Staff 进口联络员Import Manager 进口部经理进口部经理Insurance Actuary 保险公司理赔员保险公司理赔员Interna onal Sales Staff 国际销售员Interpreter 口语翻译Legal Adviser 法律顾问法律顾问Line Supervisor 生产线主管生产线主管Maintenance Engineer 维修工程师维修工程师Management Consultant 管理顾问管理顾问Manager 经理Manager for Public Rela ons 公关部经理Manufacturing Engineer 制造工程师制造工程师Manufacturing Worker 生产员工生产员工Market Analyst 市场分析员市场分析员Market Development Manager 市场开发部经理Marke ng Manager 市场销售部经理市场销售部经理Marke ng Staff 市场销售员市场销售员Marke ng Assistant 销售助理销售助理Marke ng Execu ve 销售主管销售主管Marke ng Representa ve 销售代表Marke ng Representa ve Manager 市场调研部经理Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师机械工程师Mining Engineer 采矿工程师采矿工程师Music Teacher 音乐教师音乐教师Naval Architect 造船工程师造船工程师Office Assistant 办公室助理办公室助理Office Clerk 职员职员Opera onal Manager 业务经理业务经理Package Designer 包装设计师包装设计师Passenger Reserva on Staff 乘客票位预订员Personnel Clerk 人事部职员人事部职员Personnel Manager 人事部经理人事部经理Plant/Factory Manager 厂长厂长Postal Clerk 邮政人员邮政人员Private Secretary 私人秘书私人秘书Product Manager 生产部经理生产部经理Produc on Engineer 产品工程师产品工程师Professional Staff 专业人员专业人员Programmer 电脑程序设计师Project Staff (项目)策划人员(项目)策划人员Promo onal Manager 推销部经理推销部经理Proof-reader 校对员Purchasing Agent 采购(进货)员采购(进货)员Quality Control Engineer 质量管理工程师Real Estate Staff 房地产职员Recruitment Coordinator 招聘协调人招聘协调人Regional Manger 地区经理地区经理Research & Development Engineer 研究开发工程师Restaurant Manager 饭店经理饭店经理Sales and Planning Staff 销售计划员Sales Assistant 销售助理销售助理Sales Clerk 店员、售货员店员、售货员Sales Coordinator 销售协调人销售协调人Sales Engineer 销售工程师销售工程师Sales Execu ve 销售主管销售主管Sales Manager 销售部经理销售部经理Salesperson 销售员Seller Representa ve 销售代表销售代表Sales Supervisor 销售监管销售监管School Registrar 学校注册主任学校注册主任Secretarial Assistant 秘书助理秘书助理Secretary 秘书Securi es Custody Clerk 保安人员Security Officer 安全人员安全人员Senior Accountant 高级会计高级会计Senior Consultant/Adviser 高级顾问高级顾问Senior Employee 高级雇员高级雇员Senior Secretary 高级秘书高级秘书Service Manager 服务部经理服务部经理Simultaneous Interpreter 同声传译员同声传译员So ware Engineer (计算机)软件工程师(计算机)软件工程师Supervisor 监管员Systems Adviser 系统顾问系统顾问Systems Engineer 系统工程师系统工程师Systems Operator 系统操作员系统操作员Technical Editor 技术编辑技术编辑Technical Translator 技术翻译Technical Worker 技术工人Telecommunica on Execu ve 电讯(电信)员Telephonist/Operator 电话接线员、话务员Tourist Guide 导游导游Trade Finance Execu ve 贸易财务主管Trainee Manager 培训部经理培训部经理Transla on Checker 翻译核对员Translator 翻译员Trust Banking Execu ve 银行高级职员Typist 打字员Word Processing Operator 文字处理操作员。
世界比你想的好
102
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Source: GS Global ECS Research
Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research 2010 9
GLI vs IP
8
% yoy
4 0
-4 -8 -12 -16
-20
GLI
G7 IP
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
Source: GS Global ECS Research
Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research 2010 10
China Lead Indicators
Goldman Sachs Global Economics, Commodities and Strategy Research 2010 2
GDP Forecasts
% yoy
2008 0.4 -1.2 0.5 0.5 0.7 9.6 6.7 5.1 5.6 7.9 0.5 2.8
2009 -2.4 -5.2 -4.0 -4.9 -3.9 8.7 6.6 -0.2 -7.9 5.1 -3.1 -0.7
-5
-7 -9 97 98 99
IP, 3m/3m Leading indicator
00
01
02
03
04
2021年12月大学英语CET四级预测押题卷一和答案解析
2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷(一)Part I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive.You should write at least120words but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A)A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A)Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A)To collect scientific data on it.C)To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it.D)To investigate its environment.6.A)It has lasted for nearly350years.B)It has lasted for more that350months.C)It seems to be getting smaller.D)It seems to be getting larger.7.A)What initially caused the storm.C)What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm.D)What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions8to11are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)It’s for disabled adults.B)It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging.D)It’s compulsive in her community.9.A)The skills they need.B)The products they have.C)The market they target.D)The language they require.10.A)Diversify markets and sales strategies.B)Reduce costs and jobs.C)Learn from other companies.D)Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A)The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A)It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A)They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A)They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A)They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions19to21are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A)Talking with older brothers or sisters.C)Starting a conversation with close friends.B)Having a casual talk with a college student.D)Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A)Follow traditions of with a college student.C)Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible.D)Take others’advice as reference only.Questions22to25are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A)They tend to harm wildlife.C)They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable.D)They are made from useless materials.23.A)It is fatal.B)It is weird.C)It is very serious.D)It is complicated.24.A)The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A)Its use has been drastically reduced.C)Most products use natural materials.B)It is still an indispensable material.D)The use of plastic items will be charged.PartⅢReading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions26to35are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fertile soil is being lost at the rate of24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming____26____,which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases,will ass to the risks of conflicts unless____27____actions are implemented,warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries up and the population grows,competition is ___28___for land within countries and globally,”said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification(UNCCD)at the launch of the Global Land Outlook.“To___29____the losses,the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the competition.”The Global Land Outlook is____30____as the most comprehensive study of its type,mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization,climate change,erosion and forest loss.But the biggest factor is the___31___of industrial farming.Heavy tilling,multiple harvests ans___32____use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the____33____of long-term sustainability.If the past20years,agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled,notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre(JRC)of the European commission.Over time,however,this___34___fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and ___35___desertification.A)absorb I)limitedB)abundant J)minimizeC)billed K)occasionallyD)decline L)optimizesE)diminishes M)rateF)expansion N)remedialG)expense O)ultimatelyH)intensifyingSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.Take Naps at Work.Apologize to No One[A]In the past two weeks I’ve taken three naps at work,a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock.And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it.I couldn’t feel better about it,and my productivity reflects it,too.[B]Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on.If someone naps at2p.m.while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails,surely it must mean they’re slacking off(偷懒).Or so the assumption goes.[C]Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity.It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster(仓鼠)wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time.But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D]Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday,said Josh Bersin,Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte.“They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem,and they can’t just say to people,‘Here’s a work-life balance course,go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’”Mr.Bersin said.“It’s way more complicated than that.”[E]To be sure,the ability to nap at work is far from widespread,experts said.Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest.But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out,and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F]In an ideal world,we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that.But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G]In a study published in Nature Neuroscience,researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day.Performance deteriorated with each test,but subjects who took a30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance,and those who took a60-minute nap even reversed it.[H]“Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.”said Sara Mednick,a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of California,Riverside.[I]Dr.Mednick,a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap!Change Your Life,said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep,and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J]For example,Dr.Mednick said a20-to60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information.It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep,or non-rapid eye movement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,you start getting into R.E.M.sleep,most often associated with that deep,dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M.sleep can improve creativity,perceptual processing and highly associativethinking,which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas,Dr.Mednick said.Beyond that,your best bet is a90-minute nap,which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap,however,can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day,experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied(紧密相连)to working long, concentrated hours?Blame technology,but think broader than smartphones and laptops;the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it,”Mr. Bersin said.“They were assuming that if we give people more tools,more emails,more Slack,more chatter,and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all.And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem,and it is affecting productivity,engagement,health,safety,wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta(午睡).A2015study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning,then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,”said Jerome Siegel,professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences,and director of the U.C.L.A.Center for Sleep Research,a co-author of the study.“Then they do some work and go to sleep,and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still,Mr.Siegel said,“the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.”The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night,which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,”Mr.Siegel said.“But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning,even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night,This helps acclimate(使适应)your body to your regular wake-up time,regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try(or just starting to nod off),here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet,unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible(or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office).Earplugs might help.too.Aim for around20minutes.Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia(睡眠惰性),which will leave you even groggier(头脑昏沉的)than before.36.Participants’perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between20to60minutes,people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr.Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place,environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’efforts.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings.But it’s a strange sort of hate,similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line,or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly:the dislike is real,yet if the despised thing were to vanish,it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a“necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion.True,research suggests that meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to.True,done badly,they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing(幸福).But that’s just office life,right?It’s not supposed to be fun.That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起)this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners;that more communication is always a good thing.So suggestions abound for(大量存在)communicating better in meetings-for example,hold them standing up,so speakers will come to the point more quickly.But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely,the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned.If anything,it’s reinforced when such firms introduce“flat”management structures,with bosses always available to everyone,plus plenty of electronic distraction.In fact,constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway,once you give it three seconds’thought,isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing?Often,the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid.At work,it’s surely many more than four,though for a different reason;office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work.Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’physical and spiritual health.C)Workers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A.Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the“flat”management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed.This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers,but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared.Instead,many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible,with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online,the primary goal is to publish as much as possible,often at the cost of quality.In this respect,many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping(重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing.In some cases,online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue,it often does harm to their products.When publishers start journals with overlapping domains,in combination with the pressure to publish more studies,this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles.Moreover,publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers.With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort,journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community,the pressure to publish must be reduced.Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications,but on the quality of those publications and a researcher’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start.We need additional mechanisms,such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles.In addition,the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)They have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that______.A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.春节是中国的传统节日,相当于美国的圣诞节。
Unit1 Back to school-Vocabulary高中英语(牛津译林版2020) (2)
Vocabulary
29. detail /ˈdiːteɪl/ n. 细节;具体情况 【原句背诵】To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details 【拓展】in detail 详细地
Vocabulary
28. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ n. 焦点,重点 vt. & vi. 集中 【原句背诵】Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 【拓展】 focus on/upon 集中于 focus in 焦点;专注于…… focus of ……的焦点 in focus 清晰;焦点对准 out of focus 模糊不清的 bring into focus 使变得清楚 【同义】 center on/upon, concentrate on/upon
Vocabulary
31. tip /tɪp/ n. 指点,实用的提示;尖端;小费 【原句背诵】Below are some tips about setting goals. 【拓展】 handy tips for doing sth. 做某事几点有用的提示 to leave a tip 留小费 on the tip of your tongue 话在嘴边上 the tip of the iceberg(问题的)冰山一角
各种奖励荣誉英文的英文表达方式
国家奖学金------ N atio nal Scholarship国家励志奖学金Nati onal En courageme nt scholarship校一等奖:The First Prize Scholarship 校二等奖:The Sec ond Prize Scholarship 校三等奖:The Third Prize Scholarship 单项奖学金:In dividual Scholarship 三好学生标兵------------------- Pacemaker to Merit Stude nt三好学生 ----- Merit Stude nt学习优秀生------ M odel Stude nt of Academic Records突出才能奖------ M odel Stude nt of Outsta ndi ng Capacity先进个人 ----- Adva need In dividual/Outsta nding Stude nt优秀工作者------ E xcelle nt staff优秀学生干部 ----- Excelle nt Stude nt Cadre优秀共青团员 ----- Excelle nt League Member优秀毕业生------ O utsta ndi ng Graduates优秀志愿者------ O utsta nding Volu nteer先进班集体------ A dva need Class优秀团干 ----- Outsta ndi ng League Cadres学生协会优秀干部------ Outsta ndi ng cadres of Stude nt Associati on学生协会工作优秀个人Outsta ndi ng In dividual of Stude nt Association精神文明先进个人------ Spiritual Adva need In dividual社会工作先进个人------ Adva need In dividual of Social Work文体活动先进个人------ Adva need In dividual of Cultural and sports activities道德风尚奖---------- Ethic Award精神文明奖---------- High Morality Prize最佳组织奖---------- Prize for The Best Orga ni zati on突出贡献奖---------- Prize for The Outsta ndi ng Con tribution工作创新奖---------- Prize for The Creative Worki ng团队建设奖---------- Prize for The Team Con tribution二、各系比赛与奖项夕卜语系(Foreign Language Department : 话居比赛D rama competitio n英语演讲比赛 ----- En glish Speech Co ntest八系辩论赛---------- Eight Departme nts In vitatio nal Debate Competiti on黑板报设计大赛 ----- Blackboard Poster Desig n Con testPPT 设计大赛------ Courseware Desig n Competitio n文明宿舍 ---------- Outsta ndi ng DormitoryOK 杯篮球比赛 ------ OK Cup for Basketball Game我心飞扬歌唱比赛------ “ My Heart Flies ” Singing Competition中文系(Department of Chinese Language and Literature) 诗歌朗诵比赛Poetry Recitatio n Con test诗歌创作比赛 ----- Poetry Creation Co ntest摄影大赛 ---------- Photography Competiti on金话筒比赛---------- “Golden Microphone ” Competition兴我中华演讲比赛课件比赛---------- 报刊比赛---------- 足球比赛---------- 三笔比赛---------- 冬日环保针织比赛 --- Speech Competiti on on Revitalizi ng Chi na Courseware Desig n Con testPress Writi ng Con testFootball MatchEssay Con test--- Kni tti ng Con test on Win ter En vir onmen tal Protectio n数学系(Department of Mathematics ):登山比赛 ---------- Mou nta in-climbi ng Competiti on网络工程师----------- N etwork En gi neer Certificati on全国建模比赛 ----- Natio nal Mathematical Modeli ng Co ntest知识风采比赛 ----- Kno wledge Competiti onPPT 课件制作大赛------ Courseware Desig n Competition经济管理系(The Department of Economics & Management) 辩论赛Debate Competiti on创业大赛 ---------- Ven ture Con test政法系(Politics and Law Departmen):党团知识竞赛 ---------- Kno wledge Con test on the Party and the League政法论坛 ---------- Political and Legal Forum金秋系列活动 ---------- Series of Activities in “ Golde n Seaso n模拟法庭 ---------- Moot Court演讲比赛 ---------- Speech Competitio n征文比赛 ---------- Essay Competiti on计算机科学系(Computer Science Department : 网页设计大赛Web Page Desig n Competition辩论赛 --------------- D ebate Competiti on软件设计大赛 ---------- Software Desig n Competitio n多媒体课件设计大赛-------- M ultimedia Courseware Desig n Competition网站设计竞赛 ---------- Web Desig n Competition电子科学系(Electronic Scienee Department : 演讲比赛Speech Con test电子设计大赛 ---------- Electro nic Desig n Co ntest服装系(Textile and Fashion Department : 服装创意设计大赛Garme nt Desig n Competiti on毕业设计大赛 ---------- Graduatio n Desig n Competiti on发表论文 ---------- Publicati ons专利证书 ---------- Pate nt服装设计大赛 ---------- Garme nt Desig n Con test泳衣大赛 ---------- Swimmi ng Suit Desig n Competiti on手提包设计大赛 ------ H an dbag Desig n Competiti on服装创意设计大赛Creative Garme nt Desig n Competitio n生命科学系(Departme nt of Life Scie nee):实验技能操作大赛------ Experime nt Skill a nd Operatio n Con test广东大学生生物化学实验技能大赛--------- The Biochemical Experime nts Co ntest forCollege Stude nt in Guan gdo ng 建筑与土木工程系(Department of Architecture & Civil Engineering ):建筑文化节---------- Architectural Culture Festival建筑设计竞赛 ---------- Architectural Desig n Competitio n钢笔画比赛---------- Ink Drawi ng Con test节徽设计大赛 ---------- Festival Logo Desig n Con test五佳”歌手活动 --------- “ Best Five ” Sin ger Activities友谊篮球赛---------- Frie ndship Cup Basketball Match工程测量比赛 ---------- Engin eeri ng Survey Competiti on班际足球赛---------- In ter-class Football Match省大学生科技竞赛-------- Science and Tech no logy Con test for Province College Stude nts十佳学生活动组织------ Top Ten Stude nt Activities Orga ni zati on十大学生修身楷模------ Ten Model Stude nts of Self-cultivati on学生科研创新奖 ---------- Stude nt Award for Research and Inno vati on棋王大赛 --------------- Chess Competiti on电子社飞思杯电脑建筑效果图设计大赛 ------------------------ E-Society Feisi Cup Architectural Ren deri ngs Computer Desig n Con test化学工程系(Departme nt of Chemical Engin eeri ng & Tech no logy):飞狐杯”八系辩论赛 ------- Flying Fox Cup 8 departments Invitational Debate Competiti on女子篮球赛---------- Wome n's Basketball Match广东省高校化学化工实验技能大赛------------ Chemistry and Chemical Experiment Skills Competiti on for Colleges in Guangdong 旅游管理系(Tourism and Management Department):导游技能大赛 ---------- Tourist Skills Con test导游路线设计大赛------ Tourist Route Desig n Competition党团知识竞赛 ---------- Kno wledge Con tests about the CPC and the CYLC礼仪风采大赛 ---------- Ma nner and Etiquette Con test体育系(Department of Sports):体育文化节---------- Physical Culture Festival音乐系(Music Department)相声小品大赛 ---------- Crosstalk and Sketch Co ntest班际篮球赛---------- In ter-class Basketball Match三、证书大学英语四级---------- CET4 (College En glish Test Band 4 Certificate)大学英语六级 ---------- CET6 (College En glish Test Ba nd 6 Certificate)英语专业四级 ---------- TEM4 (Test for En glish Major Grade 4 Certificate)英语专业八级 ---------- TEM8 (Test for En glish Major Grade 8 Certificate)普通话等级考试 ---------- National Mandarin Test (Level 1,2, 3; Grade A,B,C)日语能力考试 ---------- Japanese Language Proficiency Test (Level 1,2 , 3 , 4 )商务日语能力考试------ Busin ess Japa nese Proficie ncy Test商务英语证书 ---------- Busin ess En glish Certificate)雅思-------------- IELTS (Intern ati onal En glish Lan guage Testi ng System)托福-------------- TOEFL (Test of En glish as a Foreig n Lan guage)全国计算机一级证书 全国计算机二级证书 全国计算机三级证书 全国计算机四级证书 导游证 -------------- 导游资格证书 ------- BEC 初级 --------------- (BEC Prelim in ary Level ,缩略为 BEC Pre.)BEC 中级 --------------- (BEC Vantage Level ,缩略为 BEC Van.)BEC 高级 --------------- (BEC Higher Level ,缩略为 BEC Hi.)全国计算机等级考试------- Natio nal Computer Rank Exami nation (NCRE)Rank I: DOS 、WINDOWSRankU : VISUAL BASIC , VISUAL FOXPRO , QBASIC , FORTRAN , C, FOXBASERankM : PC tech no logy 、In formatio n man ageme n 、Internet tech no logy 、Data baseRankW: Ability to systems an alysis and systems projectFirst-level Certificate for National Computer Second-level Certificate for Nati onal Computer Third-levelCertificate for Nati onal Computer Fourth-levelCertificate for Nati onal Computer Guide ID Card(Guide Identity of Identification Card) -GuideCertificate秘书证 -------------- Secretary Card中级涉外秘书证 ----------- In termediate Foreig n Secretary Card会计证 -------------- Acco un ti ng Certificate会计从业资格证书: ----- Certificate of Accounting Professional初级职务(助理会计)证书 Sub-accou ntant Certificate Prelim in ary Level中级职称 --------------- In termediate Certificate管理会计师证书 : ---------- Certificate in Management Accounting注册会计师证书: ------------- (CPA Certificate)Certificate of Certified PublicAcco untant注册金融分析师 ----------- (CFA )Chartered Financial Analyst特许公认会计师 ----------- (ACCA )The Association of Chartered AccountantsCAD 工程师认证证书 ------ CAD Engineer Certification电工证 -------------- Electricia n certificate技工证书 -------------- T ech ni cia n Certificate教师资格证 ---------------- Teacher Certificati on心理辅导教师资格证书 ------- P sychological Cou nseli ng Teacher Certificate报关员资格证书 ----------- Clerk for the Customs Declaratio n报关员证书 ---------------- Customs Declarati on Certificate人力资源从业资格证书 ------- Q ualificati on of Huma n Resources Practitio ners 驾驶证 -------------- Driver ' s License国家司法考试证书 ------------ N ati onal Judicial Exam in ati on certificate ( lawyer's qualification certificate )律师资格证书 ---------- Attorney ' s certificate企业法律顾问执业资格证书En terprise Cou nsel Qualificati on Certificate 法律顾问 --------------- Legal Adviser律师助理证---------------- Assista nt Lawyer Certificate会计从业资格证 ----------- Certificate of Acco unting Professi onal初级会计职称 ---------- Junior Level Acco untant中级会计职称 ---------- Medium Level Accou nta nt高级职称 ------------注册会计师 ---------注册税务师 ---------经济师 --------------精算师 --------------审计师 --------------统计师 --------------物流师职业资格证书国际物流师 ---------Computer Tech no logy and — Advaneed Level Accountant — Certified Public Accou ntant (CPC ) —— Certified Tax Age nts(CTA ) Econo mist Actuary Auditor Actuary ----- C ertificate of International Logistics Specialist — Certified Intern ati onal Logistics Specialist (CILS)国际电子商务师职业资格认证 Certification of International E-Commerce Specialist 国际电子商务师 ----------- C ertified International E-Commerce Specialist (CIECS ) 市场营销师 ---------------- M arketi ng Man ager特许市场营销师 ----------- C ertified Market ing Ma nager (CMM)初级营销职业证书 ----------- In troductory Certificate in Marketi ng市场营销职业证书 ----------- Certificate in Market ing国际商务谈判师 ----------- C ertificated In ternatio nal Professio nal Negotiator ( CIPN) 投资咨询师 ---------------- I nv estme nt Coun selor人力资源管理 ---------- Human Resource Man ageme nt ( HRM )中国职业经理人资格认证 ------- Certificate of Ch in ese Professio nal Man ager 中国职业经理人 ----------- C hi nese Professio nal Man ager ( CPM )注册国际投资分析师------- C ertified In ternatio nal In vestme nt An alyst( CIIA ) 注册金融分析师 ----------- C hartered Finan cial A nalyst ( CFA )注册金融策划师 ----------- C ertified Financial Planner ( CFP )认证金融理财师 ----------- A ssociate Financial Pla nn er (AFP)金融风险管理师 ----------- F inancial Risk Manager ( FRM )证券从业资格证书 ----------- Certificate of Securities国际贸易单证员证书------- C ertificate of Intern ati onal Commercial Docume nts 报关员资格证书 ----------- C ertificate of Customs Specialist报检员资格证书 ----------- C ertificate of In spect ion公务员考试 ---------------- C ivil Servants Exam计算机技术与软件专业技术(水平)资格考试 - Software Expertise (level) Qualificati on Exam in ati on 网络工程师 Network Engin eer 软件设计师 ---------------- S oftware Architect数据库分析师 ---------- Database An alyst网络管理员 ---------------- W ebmaster信息系统项目管理师------- I n formatio n Systems Project Man ageme nt Divisio n 网络规划设计师 ----------- N etwork Pla nning Desig ner多媒体应用设计师 ----------- Multimedia desig ner电力工程证书 ---------- Certificate in Electrical Engin eeri ng国际电子商务师 ----------- C ertified In ternatio nal E-Commerce Specialist (CIECS )一、二级建造师 ----------- G rade1/2 Co nstructor造价工程师 ---------------- C ost Engineer第一名 -------------- 第二名 -------------- 注册房地产估价师 ------------ C ertified Real Estate Appraiser质量工程师 ---------------- Q uality Assura nee Engin eer城市规戈U 师 -------------- Urba n Pla nner公路造价师 ---------------- H ighway Cost Estimator工程造价师 ---------------- B udget ing Specialist化学检验员 ---------------- C hemistry Testi ng Laboratory Tech nician 化学技能证书 ------------ Chemical Skills Certificate药品检验员 ----------------- Drug In spector四、一一校运会The First PrizeThe Sec ond PrizeThe Third Prize--- Competiti on of Body-build ing Exercises----- Basketball Matches in Sports-meeting of HuizhouUn iversity校运会男子 100 米 ----- Men s 100-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 100 米 ----- Women s 100-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男子 200 米 ----- Men s 200-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 200 米 ----- Women s 200-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男子 1500 米 ------- M en s 1500metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会女子 800 米 ----- Women s 800-metre Race in the Sports-meeting of Huizhou Un iversity校运会男女跳高比赛------- M e n/Wome ns High Jump Matches 校运会男女三级跳比赛 ------- M e n/Wome ns Triple Jump Matches 校运会男子 110 米栏 ------ M en s 110metre Hurdle Race校运会男女铅球 ----------- M en/Wome n ' s Shot Put校运会男女标枪 ----------- M en/Wome ns javelin throw ing五、一一艺术节博客大赛 --------------- Blog Con test金话筒? ”主持人大赛 -- G olde n Micropho ne Host Competition惠州学院十大歌手------ Top Ten Si ngers of Huizhou Un iversity仓U意T 台服装设计大赛 ---- C reative Fashion Design Competition惠州学院丰湖之星------ Fen ghu Stars of Huizhou Un iversity激浪黑板报大赛 ----------- W ave Blackboard Poster Competiti on徼浪个性我创”涂鸦比赛Wave Creative Graffiti Competition墨迹杯”书画大赛----- Chinese Ink Cup Calligraphy and Painting Competition军训优秀通讯员 ----------- E xcelle nt Corresp ondent in Military Trai ning军训先进个人 ---------- Adva need In dividual in Military Trai ning十佳社团 --------------- Top Ten Outsta ndi ng Associati ons体育道德风尚奖 ----------- PE Morality Award优秀指导教师奖 ----------- Excelle nt Guide Teacher Award突出贡献奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Con tribution Award工作创新奖---------- Inno vati on Award团队建设奖---------- Teamwork Award最佳台风奖---------- Best Stage Style Award最佳人气奖---------- Best Popularity Award优秀组织奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Orga ni zation Award最佳创意奖---------- Best Creativity Award优秀团体奖---------- Excelle nt Group Award优秀节目奖---------- Best Program Award十佳新秀奖---------- Top Ten Outsta ndi ng Risi ng Stars Award最具潜质奖---------- Most Pote ntiality Award最佳才艺奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Tale nt Award最佳气质奖---------- Outsta ndi ng Quality Award最佳口才奖---------- Best Eloque nee Award最佳演员奖---------- Best Actor Award最佳剧本奖---------- Best Script Award优秀会员 --------------- Excelle nt Member最佳辩手 --------------- Best Debater优秀辩手 --------------- Excelle nt Debater六、----- 协会法律促进协会 ----- Law Promoti on Associatio n模拟法庭竞赛Moot Court Competition英语口语协会 ----- Oral En glish In stitute交流会Excha nge Meeting ---- Make Our Voice Heard书法协会 ----- Calligraphy Associati on亲近中国文化,了解汉字” Get Close to the Chinese culture, Get to Learn Chin ese CharactersX —GAME 协会X-GAME AssociationX-GAME 创新表演大赛X-GAME Inn ovation con tests心理健康促进协会Association of Adva nceme nt of Men tal Health 心灵之交”Meeting Soul-mates峥嵘乒乓球协会Associati on of Zhengrong Table Tennis我最有才”峥嵘乒乓球比赛Zhe ngrong Cup Table Tennis Con test足球协会 ----- Football Association新生杯”足球争霸赛之各系荣耀大战Freshmen Cup Football Match of all Departme nts— Glory War 毽球协会Shuttlecock Association毽球新风采”毽球大比拼New Style Shuttlecock Competition篮球协会 ----- Basketball Associatio n三人篮球赛”--------- Three-player Basketball Match旅游爱好者协会Travel En thusiasts Associati on 创意风筝节Creative Kite Festival团委会—— 学生社团- 体育部一一 文艺部一一 学习部一一 女生部一一 心理发展部 外联部一一 宣传部一一 生活部一一 纪检部一一 秘书部—— 组织部一一 编辑咅E ---学生会主席 团委会书记 团支书一一 团支书一一 副书记一一 秘书长一一 学术部干事 宿舍长—— 优秀团员— 班长 ------- 演讲与口才协会 Speech and Eloque nee Associati on环境保护,重在行动”演讲比赛Take Action to Protect Environment SpeechCon test 奕林棋协 ----- Yi-lin Chi nese Chess Association奕林棋协棋王争霸赛 ” Yi-lin Chinese Chess Conpetition 企业与市场调研协会 Busin ess and Market ing Research Associatio n 职业经理人挑战赛 --------------------------- Professio nal man agers Challe nge Match 飞翔舞协 ----- Flyi ng Dance Associatio n假面舞会 ---------- Masque Ball新春柳话剧社 ----- Rebor n Drama Associati on我心飞扬”剧本创作大赛及公演 Flying Heart Script-writing Contest 摄影协会 ----- Photography Associati on生活”摄影展 ---- L ife Photo Exhibiti on七、其他学生会 -------------- Stude nt Union Youth League Committee -Students ' Association Sports Departme nt Arts Departme nt Lear ning Departme nt Girls Departme nt ——Psychological Developme nt Departme nt Public Relatio ns Departme nt Propaga nda Departme nt Life Departme nt Discipli ne In spect ion Departme nt Secretary Departme nt Orga ni zati on Departme ntEditorial Departme nt —— Preside nt of the Stude nt Un io n — Secretary of the Youth League Committee League Branch Secretary Secretary of the Youth League Branch Committee Vice Secretary Secretary-ge neral —— a member of the Academic Departme nt Head of the dormitory - Excellent League Member-Mon itor/ Class Preside nt 畐寸班长 ------------ Vice-m on itor文体委员 --------------- Recreati on & Sports Secretary学习委员 --------------- Study Secretary生活委员 --------------- Life Secretary宣传委员 --------------- Publicity Secretary军训 ------- 艺术团—— 义教 ------- 迎新晚会-招聘会一一 广播站一一 学生处—— 舍管 ------- 社会活动- 课外活动- 社会实践- 学术活动- 籍贯 ------- 婚姻状况- 家庭状况- 可到职时间教育程度-课程 -------职业目标-主修 -------工作目标—副修 -------希望职位—优良学风班团结合作—创新能力—沟通能力—兼职 ------- 生活委员 --------------- Orga ni zatio n Secretary 勤工俭学 --------------- Work-study Program 青年志愿者协会 ----------- Y outh Volun teers Associati on 政治辅导员 ---------------- P olitical Tutors 晚会主持人 ---------------- H ost on the en terta inment / eve ning party 礼仪队 -------------------- R eceptio n Team/ Protocol Team 三下乡 --------------- V olun teer Activities for the Country People 综合测评 --------------- Comprehe nsive Evaluatio n of Stude nts ' Performa nee预备党员 ------------------------- P robati onary Party Member 入党积极分子 --------------- Applica nt for Party Membership 综合素质优秀学生 ----------- Excelle nt Stude nt of Comprehe nsive Quality 优秀青年志愿者 ----------- O utsta ndi ng Young Volun teer校园十杰 --------------- Ten Prominent Youth on Campus / Top Ten YouthonCampus 品学兼优的学生 ----------- Stude nt of Good Character and Scholarship 模拟招聘会 --------------- Mock In terviews Military Trai ning -Art Troupe Volun tary Teach ing Welcome Party for the Freshme n -Job Fair-Broadcasting Station- Students Affairs Department housepare nt social/ public activities extracurricular activities social practice academic activities n ative place marital status family status -date of availability educati onal backgro und curriculum career objective major employme nt objective minor positi on wan ted -Class of Good Style Study Solidarity and Cooperati onCreative Ability Commu ni cati onal Ability Part-time Job促销员 ------- 派传单 ------- 市场调研—乒乓球协会- 社团艺术节- 招聘网站一- 党支部---------- 家教---------- 英语培训中心成绩优异一- 学业技能一- 思想品行一- 文体表现一- 社团艺术节- 实习---------- b -Sales Promoter-Deliver pamphletsMarketi ng Research-Table Tennis Association-Community Festival Recruitme nt Site-Party BranchTutorEn glish training centre Outsta nding Academic Results Academic SkillsIdeological MoralityArts and Sports Performa nee -Community FestivalIn ternship。
新冠疫情期间学生心理应激反应与非自杀性自伤行为:有调节的中介模型
(1. Depa/mex- of Childrex Psychiat— and RedaPiliOtiop, Afi/ated Shedzhed Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southem Medical Universig, Shedzhed 5/628, China; 4. School of Psycho—ay//Center for StuUics of Psycho—yical AppUca—on ,
采用心理应激反应筛查问卷(SRQ-20)中文版 (系数为942),非自杀性自伤行为问卷(系数为 9.04),简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)修订版(a系数为 945),情绪管理因素分量表(a系数为9.05)-
2结果
23共同方法偏差的控制与检验 采取匿名测量、部分项目反向计分等措施从程
序上控制共同方法偏差.对收集的数据采用Harmon 单因素检验法进行共同方法偏差的检验,对4个问 卷所有条目进行因子分析,结果显示KM0 = 9O7, Bartle—= 57 924474f= 3 093,a<9091.提取特征根 大于1的因子共7个,最大因子方差解释率为 21.05%(小于44%),故本研究不存在严重的共同方 法偏差23 NSSI检出率
收稿日期:2222-65-25
《华南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》网址:切:〃j—rvO-uLvuLduLu
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(51906776)
* 通信作者:韦臻,Email : aU/—weOhex@ .
金融学术作文英文
金融学术作文英文英文:As a student of finance, I have come to understand the importance of financial literacy and the impact it can have on our lives. Financial literacy refers to the ability to understand and manage personal finances effectively. It involves knowledge of financial concepts such as budgeting, saving, investing, and debt management.Financial literacy is crucial because it allows individuals to make informed decisions about their money. For example, if someone has a good understanding of budgeting, they are more likely to make wise spending decisions and avoid overspending. Similarly, if someone knows how to invest their money wisely, they can grow their wealth and secure their financial future.Unfortunately, many people lack financial literacy and struggle with managing their finances. This can lead tofinancial stress, debt, and even bankruptcy. It isimportant for individuals to educate themselves onfinancial concepts and seek help if needed.中文:作为金融专业的学生,我逐渐意识到了金融素养的重要性以及它对我们生活的影响。
ATestBankPartII-Chapter2SpeakingConfidently
Chapter 2 Speak ing Con fide ntly and EthicallyTrue-False Questi onsStude nts are to in dicate whether each of the followi ng stateme nts is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.Multiple Choice Questi onsStudents are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.1.Mahatma Gandhi, Abraham Lincoln, and Winston Churchill are among thegreatest public speakers in history who have suffered from _________________ .c.n ervous breakdow nd.emotional stress2.Most experieneed speakers have stage fright before taking the floor, buttheir n ervous ness is a ______________ s ig n that they are gett ing “ psyched up for a good effort.a.healthyb.luckyc.desirabled.positive3.For most people, the ________________ p art of stage fright is fear of the unknown.a.easiestb.biggestc.smallestd.deepest4. A standard rule is that each minute of speaking time requires _________________ o fpreparati on time ——perhaps eve n more, depe nding on the amount ofresearch n eeded for the speech.a.10 to 20 mi nu tesb.20 to 40 minutesc.one and half hours5.One professional speech consultant estimates that proper preparation can reduce stage frightby ____________________________________ perce nt.a.75b.50c.35d.806.For each n egative thought, you should coun ter with a minimum of_____________ positive on es.a.sixb.threec.fived.two7.Visualization is closely related to ______________ thinking.a.positiveb.criticalc.n egatived.creative8.Accord ing to your textbook, rather tha n trying to elim in ate every trace ofstage fright, you should aim at tran sform ing it into ______________ .a.general anxietyb.visualized adrenalinec.professi onal stage frightd.positive nervousness9.Which of the following strategies is least likely to help you deal withn ervous ness in your speeches?a.Thinking positively.b.Working especially hard on your introduction.c.Concen trat ing on your stage fright.d.Making eye con tact with members of your audie nee.10.Athletes, musicians, actors, speakers, and others use visualization to in stressful situati ons.a.boost their con fide neeb.enhance their performaneec.in crease their creativityd.improve their chances of success11.The more ______________ your mental pictures, the more successful you arelikely to be.a.vividb.realc.lucidplete12.Which of the following points is NOT listed in the text as additional tips for deali ng with nervous ness?a.Be at your best physically and men tally.c.Make eye con tact with members of your audie nee.e visual aids.13.Which of the following goals is NOT considered ethical?a.Supporting a worthy cause.d.Helping a classmate who is sick.14.Being prepared for a speech involves all of the following EXCEPT __________________a.analyzing your audieneeb.creating visual aidsa nizing your ideasd.talking to a friend15.Nothing is more important to ethical speechmaking than ______________ .a.honestyb.sincerityc.curiosityd.credibility16.Blata nt con tempt for the ____________ is one ki nd of dish on esty in publicspeak ing.a.factsb.truthc.proofd.con text17.Which of the following examples is NOT listed in your textas a more subtle form of dishonesty?a.Juggling statistics.d.Misrepresenting sources.18. _____________ plagiarism is the most blata nt and un forgivable kind ofplagiarism.a.Strategicb.Globalc.Patchworkd.In creme ntalb.dow nl oad a speech from the In ter netc.deliver your friend ' s speech as your ownd.gather supporting material from online sources20.When a speaker cuts and pastes from two or three sources, without giving credit and withoutdoing any additi onal research, he or she commits plagiarism.a.patchworkb.fragmentaryc.piecemeald.disorganized21._____________ plagiarism occurs whe n the speaker fails to give credit forparticular parts of the speech that are borrowed from other people.a.Partialb.In creme ntalc.Scatteredd.In complete22.One way to avoid patchwork plagiarism or in creme ntal plagiarism whe ne credible sourcesc.quote multiple authorsd.cite releva nt in formati on23.Because speechmaking is a form of power, we must always be sure to speaka.con ciselyb.persuasivelyc.ethicallyd.forcefully24.In public speaking, sound ethical decisions involve weighing a potentialcourse of action aga inst _______________ .a. a set of ethical guideli nes or sta ndardsb.the speaker ' s strategic objectivesc. a socially accepted code of legal rulesd.the personal opinions of the speaker25.Which of the following is NOT presented in your textbook as a guideline for ethical speechmak ing?a.Be hon est in what you say.b.Expla in your credibility on the speech topic.c.Be fully prepared for each speech.d.Make sure your goals are ethically sound.b.Put your ethical prin ciples into practice.c.Avoid n ame-calli ng and other forms of abusive Ian guage.d.Make sure your goals are ethically sound.27.Having spent two years working in a television newsroom, Xiao Ling decided to give her in formativespeech on that topic. Because she knew a lot about itand was comfortable speaking to an audienee, she didn ' t spend much timeprepar ing. As a result, her speech was poorly orga ni zed, ran overtime, and did not have a clear message. Which guideli ne for ethical public speak ing discussed in your textbook did Li Ying fail to live up to?a.Be fully prepared for each speech.b.Make sure your goals are ethically sound.c.Avoid n ame-calli ng and other forms of abusive Ian guage.d.Be hon est in what you say.28.According to your textbook, global plagiarism occurs when a person ________________ .a.bases his or her speech completely on foreig n sourceses two or three sources and ble nds the in formati on into a un ified whole29.Liu Wei found several excelle nt sources for his in formative speech. Hepulled key information from them, blended those ideas into his own perspective, and cited hissources when he prese nted the speech. Which of the followi ng stateme nts best describes this situati on?a.Liu Wei is ethical because he cited his sources and used them to develop his own sla nt on thetopic.b.Liu Wei is guilty of in creme ntal plagiarism because he used quotati ons and paraphrases fromother people in his speech.c.Liu Wei is ethical because he did not copy his speech from a sin gle source.d.Liu Wei is guilty of patchwork plagiarism because he used ideas from several differe nt sources inhis speech.30.According to your textbook, _____________________ lagiarism occurs when a speakercopies word for word from two or three sources.a.patchworkb.globalc.in crementald.scie ntific31.As your textbook explains, what kind of plagiarism is a speaker who assemblesa speech by copy ing word for word from two or three sources committ ing?a.Global.b.In creme ntal.c.Scien tific.d.Patchwork.32.According to your textbook, ______________ lagiarism occurs when the speech asa whole is ethical but the speaker fails to give credit for particular quotati onsand paraphrases.a.patchworkb.in creme ntalc.accide ntald.in cide ntal33.Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to steer clear of in creme ntalplagiarism?a.Avoid using direct quotations from other people in your speech.b.Only use your origi nal ideas so there is no risk of plagiarism.c.Avoid cit ing sources that might make some one suspect plagiarism.d.Cite the sources of all quotati ons and paraphrases in your speech.34.The three kinds of plagiarism discussed in your textbook are _________________ .a.valid plagiarism, in creme ntal plagiarism, and n ecessary plagiarismd.idea plagiarism, quotati on plagiarism, and paraphrase plagiarism35. The three guidelines for ethical listening discussed in your textbook areb.listen attentively, take accurate notes, and avoid prejudging the speakerc.support free speech, avoid n ame-calli ng, and liste n atte ntivelyd.avoid stereotyp ing the speaker, support free speech, and take accuratenotes36.Heather was in the midst of an excellent speech on campus history when she made a minormistake by giv ing the wrong date for the ope ning of a campus build ing. She sudde nly stopped speak ing and said, “ Oh, I messed up. ” She then finished her speech, but all she could think about afterward was her mistake.What is the major piece of advice from your textbook that Heather n eeds to be remin ded about?a.There is no such thing as a perfect speech.b.You should work especially hard on your introduction.c.Audiences usually can ' t tell how nervous a speaker is.d.You should take slow, deep breaths before you speak.e.It is natural for public speakers to be nervous.37.Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with n ervous ness inyour speeches?a.Work especially hard on your conclusion.b.Avoid making eye con tact with your audie nee.c.Try to gen erate extra adre nali ne as you speak.d.Think of your speech as an act of com muni cati on.38.One way to build con fide nee as a speaker is to create a vivid men tal blueprint in which yousee yourself succeeding in your speech. According to your textbook, this process is called .a.representationb.imagistic practicec.visualizationd.foreshadowing39.Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with n ervous ness inb.Avoid maki ng direct eye con tact with the audie nee.c.Stay up late the night before to finish preparing.d.Gen erate extra adre nali ne as you speak.40.Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to deal with n ervous ness inyour speeches?a.Tell your audienee how nervous you are.b.Avoid making eye con tact with the audie nee.c.Focus on achiev ing perfect ion in your speech.d.Visualize yourself giving a successful speech.Short An swer Questio ns1.Anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audienee is known as stage fright.2.What are the six time-tested ways you can turn your nervousness from a n egative force into apositive one?a.Acquire speaking experienee.b.Prepare, prepare, prepare.c.Think positively.e power of visualization.e.Know that most n ervous ness is not visible. ________f.Don ' t expect perfection.3. A hormone released into the bloodstream in response to physical or men tal stressis calledadrenaline.4.Visualization is men tai imagi ng in which a speaker vividly pictures himself or herself giv ing asuccessful prese ntati on.5.Ethics is the branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in huma n affairs.6.List the four guideli nes for ethical speak inga.Make sure your goals are ethically sound. ________b.Be fully prepared for each speech.c.Be hon est in what you say.d.Put ethical principles into practice. _______7.Presenting another person ' s language or ideas as one ' s own is calledplagiarism.8.What are the three types of plagiarism discussed in the text?a.Global plagiarism.b.Patchwork plagiarism.c.In creme ntal plagiarism.9.What are the two ways to guard aga inst in creme ntal plagiarism?a.Be careful whe n tak ing research no tes to dist ing uish among direct ____________quotations, paraphrased material, and your own comments.b.When in doubt, cite your source.Essay Questi ons1.In a brief essay, identify and discuss six methods a public speaker can use to help con trol stagefright.2.Identify the four guidelines for ethical speaking and explain your understanding of theseguidelines.3.Write a summary of the five checklist items for ethical public speaking.4.Identify and discuss the three major types of plagiarism that a public speaker should avoidwhen preparing and presenting a speech.5.Explain why you would need to acknowledge an author as your source when you paraphrasehim or her in your speech?。
杜邦财务分析体系外文文献翻译最新译文
文献信息标题:The research on DuPont financial analysis system and profitability of listed compa nies作者:M cGowan J期刊:A cco un ti ng and Finance Research页码:52-63,第1卷,第2期,2016年原文The research on DuPont finan cial an alysis system and profitability of listedcompa niesMcGowan JAbstractIn order for the company's level of profitability for the correct assessmentof financial analysis, have the certain ability is necessary, among them, more applicable to listing Corporation to evaluate the profitability of Du Pont financial analysis system. Financial analysis is not only the historical situation and the present situation analysis of the company also can rely on the analysis of the historical situation and the present situation carries on the forecast to the company's future profitability, so as to be able to correctly assess the company'slevel of profitability. The success and failure of a compa ny have great relati on ship with the compa ny's finan cial level, while the company's financial level can be reflected by the results of the financial analysis. Key Words:DuPont financial analysis System; Profitability; ROE1 In troduct ionNow the trend of globalization is unstoppable, and this makes the competition betwee n en terprises is torn, it also in creased the finan cial crisis and the degree of operating risk. Financial statements reflect the enterprise's financial position and operating results of a form, it is provided by the accounting entity. Enterprise personnel through financial statements reflect the real situation, use financial methods for serious analysis, accurate calculation, gradual decomposition and in-depth research, so that you can know the comprehe nsive ability of the en terprise, can know how companies can afford to pay the amount of how much power to keep normal operation of enterprises and profit. Enterprise yield strength is its profitability, and profitability is the real reflection of enterprise operating performance good or bad. The profitability of the relati on ship betwee n the en terprise man agers, creditors and the interests of the shareholders, so their attention to profit is very high, they always paid close attention to the trend of the economy, and in a timely manner to make accurate analysis and forecast the future situation. So, the enterprise management's main goal is to improve the profitability of en terprises. Because en terprise's bus in ess performa nce is depe nd on the profitability of the compa ny related in dicators reflect the real, the bus in ess operators through the an alysis of profitability, can timely to correct some problems in the operati on and man ageme nt and make reas on able pla n. We an alyze the finan cial stateme nts there are so many ways, comparis on an alysis, the main financial ratio method, trend analysis and factor analysis method. But the effect of these methods is limited, so it can't to enterprise's financial position and operating results fully reflected, can only reflect oneaspect. So, you need a comprehensive financial indicators on the financial condition of enterprises are an integral part of the report, at the same time also must combine various related indicators, and then using a certa in method to en terprise's finan cial positi on and operat ing results to con duct a comprehe nsive in-depth research, and the specific method is comprehe nsive an alysis method.2 Literature reviewIn 1919, the Uni ted States DuPo nt, Pierre DuPo nt (Pierre DuPo nt) and Don alds on Brow n (Don alds on Brow n) set out the DuP ont finan cial an alysis System (DuP ont System), the System is based on net assetsyield in dex, in part by part of decompositi on, fin ally to realize the orga nic comb in ati on of finan cial an alysis indicators. Return on equity index is the core of DuPont financial analysis system, sales net profit multiplied by the total assets tur no ver and the rights and in terests is the result of the return on equity, with from top to bottom of key index decomposition, the company's profit ability, operation ability, debt payments and other financial association between more clearly, it is widely used in the actual assessment,but actually very few foreign scholars studied it, let alone to improve its methods, to perfect its theory and practice and research on it, it is a handful. Palmer's office at Harvard University in the United States, and in the analysis and evaluation for en terprises "puts forward the susta in able growth rate, and use it as a deformati on of DuPont financial analysis system and complementary, build the" palmer's financial analysis system ".This process is layers of decomposition process of financial in dicators, this an alysis method is actually one more con siderati on for divide nd payment rate, but there is no big effect. Alex Kane is a professor at the university of California,bode is a professor at the uni versity of Bost on, they joi ntly at Bost on college Ala n j. Marcus (Ala n j. Marcus) (2003), a professor at the esse nceof the investment of the books seriously analyzed the DuPont financial analysis system of five factors, it put the original DuPont analysis system of the "three elements" refined after the "five factors", will be the past the sales net profit rate target segmentation of DuPont financial model to study the three elements, respectively is the interest rate burde n ratio, in come taxes, the tax burde n ratio and sales earnings before in terest and tax rate, and more detailed research seriously the debt in terest and in come tax rate, it's from the number of key indicators changed the DuPont analysis system. By the "five eleme nts" DuPont model shows: in the net in come for the rights and in terests of factor, asset tur no ver ratio, ratio of sales compe nsati on and in terest burde n ratio and the product of the tax burden ratio, and the rights and interests of the factor for the average amount of assets and the ratio of the amount of own ers' equity, asset tur no ver ratio for bus in ess in come and the ratio of the average total assets, sales compe nsati on ratio for unpaid interest and the ratio of sales revenue, profit before interest burden ratio for the amount of interest and profits before interest payments, the tax burden ratio to the ratio of the in come tax amount and profit before tax amount. Can be learned from the above study, "five elements" DuPont return on net assetsin the financial model depends on the interest factor, asset turnover ratio, ratio of sales compe nsati on and in terest burde n ratio and tax burde n these five key in dicators. The model of en terprise in come tax's in flue nee on the net in terest rate of the rights and interests is through the single factor of tax burden directly reflected, and financial expenses index is the key of the analysis. The rationality of the assets structurecannot leave the finan cial cost in dicators of guida nee. Capital of a limited nu mber of cases in the enterprise, the enterprise can have the most to gain from at the lowest cost is the sign of corporate capital structure is reasonable.The quality of corporate profits is also associated with in terest expe nse.3 The DuP ont finan cial an alysis theory3.1 Factor an alysis methodFactor an alysis method, also called in dex factor an alysis method, is the overall change in the statistical index is used to things method to evaluate the impact of different reasons, mainly divided into fixed base substitution method, index decompositi on method, the differe nee an alysis method with serial alter native methods. As one of the subord in ate applicati on of multivariate statistical an alysis, factor analysis method is a good practical method of statistical analysis. In this way, can a set of more able to reflect things characteristics, status and n ature of the variables are simplified into a few can decide thi ngs fun dame ntal characteristics, embodies the in here nt thin gs, the n ature of the internal variables, and use this a few in terrelated variables on econo mic in dicators or an alysis of the impact of finan cial in dicators. This kind of analysis method is the key, when there are multiple factors to the object of study, assu ming that other factors are con sta nt, accordi ng to the cha nges in order to determ ine the in dividual factors to study the effect of the object.3.2 Ratio an alysisRatio analysis method is a more important key data from the annual report, the ratio of the various data and comparison, thus for the company's history and an an alysis of theprese nt situati on and the level of sales methods, it is esse ntial to the evaluation of the financial situation strategy, possibly through the ratio of the two key data in the annual report, the company's operating results and financial condition. Due to the differences of financial analysis of the ultimate goal, different analysts, including government agencies, the emphasis of the management institution, creditors rely on also has very big differenee. For stock investment, grasp and use good turnover ratio, growth levels, and ability of debt repayment ratio and profitability ratios these in dicators is more importa nt.3.3 Trend an alysis methodTrend an alysis method, also known as the method of level an alysis, comparative analysis method, this is a kind of the annual report of the various financial information extracted, the same ratio of multiple consecutive compared with key indicators to seque ntial or calm base con trast, access to these key in dicators cha nge amplitude and trend, to the company's cash flow change trend, the operating and financial situation clearly reflected a finan cial an alysis method. When using the trend an alysis method research on the compa ny, usually n eed to compare to the annual report and prepare. By using the trend an alysis method, can hold a compa ny's finan cial cha nge trend, so as to provide a basis for the predict ion of the compa ny's future finan cial con diti on.3.4 DuP ont finan cial an alysis systemDuP ont finan cial an alysis system from the perspective of finan cial performa nee of the company, equity returns ability and profitability analysis of the classical method. The idea of this method is to a company's return on equity is expressed as a number of key financial indicators of multiplication, thus more systematic study of the company's operations. In order to more comprehensive to analyze the company's operati ng results and finan cial status, n eed multiple in flue nces each other key in dicators to the level of profitability, debt repayme nt ability and operati on level were an alyzed systematically. DuP ont finan cial model is adopted the in here nt connection between several important financial indexes, to evaluate a company's financial situation. The system centered onnet earnings ratio data, through the evaluation of the level of profitability, solve ncy, to build a bala nce sheet and in come stateme nt such as a number of key financial data analysis system. DuPont financial analysis System (DuP ont finan cial an alysis System) through the in here nt connection betwee n several key financial data, to evaluate the company's financial situation and the method, it is a ki nd of from the perspective of finan cial performa nce of the compa ny, equity returns ability and profitability evaluation method of classic. The idea of this method is to a company's return on equity is expressedas a number of key financial indicators of multiplicati on, thus more systematic study of the compa ny's operati ons.译文杜邦财务分析体系与上市公司盈利能力研究McGowan J摘要为了对公司的盈利水平进行正确的评估,具备一定的财务分析能力是很必要的,其中,杜邦财务分析体系比较适用于对上市公司的盈利能力进行评价。
实施ERAS的科室护理人员对出院准备服务的知信行水平
•调查研究•实施ERAS的科室护理人员对出院准备服务的知信行水平刘敬莉 姚彦蓉 黎丹 刘娜 马红雅 米光丽【摘要】 目的 调查开展ERAS的临床科室的护理人员对出院准备服务的知识、态度、行为现状,并分析其影响因素。
方法 2022年2—3月对开展ERAS科室的护理人员进行问卷调查。
结果 开展ERAS临床科室的护理人员对手术患者实施出院准备服务的知识、态度、行为的得分分别为51.41±11.13分、51.52±6.78分、34.79±7.92分。
多元线性回归结果显示,年龄、学历、层级、是否了解过出院准备服务和有无实施出院准备服务的经验是知识得分的影响因素;学历、是否了解过出院准备服务和有无实施出院准备服务的经验是态度得分的影响因素;是否了解过出院准备服务及有无实施出院准备服务的经验是行为得分的影响因素。
开展ERAS的临床科室的护理人员中,72.89%的人员认为实施出院准备服务的障碍因素是人员配置不足;60.35%的人员认为是实施人员相关知识储备不足;56.27%的人员认为辅助材料缺乏。
结论 开展ERAS临床科室的护理人员对出院准备服务的认知不足,执行力严重欠缺,但是对实施出院准备服务的态度积极;故未来医院应注重围绕相关内容,构建针对ERAS科室护理人员的培训体系,以提高其理论认知水平及实践操作能力,保障患者的康复效果及出院后的安全。
【关键词】 加速康复;出院准备服务;认知;护理人员;调查研究中图分类号R47文献标识码A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-9676.2023.17.010Knowledge, attitude, and practice levels of nursing staff on discharge preparation services in departments implementing ERAS LIU Jingli, YAO Yanrong, LI Dan, LIU Na, MA Hongya, MI Guangli (General Hospital ofNingxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China)【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursing staffon discharge preparation services in clinical departments where ERAS is carried out, and to analyse theirinfl uencing factors. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted February to March 2022 among nurses in departments where ERAS was carried out. Results The scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice of nursingstaff in clinical departments conducting ERAS to implement discharge preparation services for surgical patientswere 51.41±11.13 points, 51.52±6.78 points, and 34.79±7.92 points respectively. The results of multiple linearregression showed that age, education, stratum, knowledge of discharge preparation services and experiencein implementing discharge preparation services were the factors influencing the knowledge score; education,knowledge of discharge preparation services and experience in implementing discharge preparation serviceswere the factors infl uencing the attitude score; and knowledge of discharge preparation services and experiencein implementing discharge preparation services were the factors influencing the behaviour score . Among thenursing staff of the clinical departments where ERAS was carried out, 72.89% of them considered that the barrierfactor to the implementation of the discharge preparation service was insuffi cient staffi ng; 60.35% considered thatit was the insuffi cient stock of relevant knowledge of the implementers; and 56.27% considered that there was alack of auxiliary materials. Conclusion Nursing staff of ERAS clinical departments had insuffi cient knowledge基金项目:2023年宁夏自然基金(编号:2023AAC03622);2021年宁夏护理学会科研课题青年项目(编号:NXHL-21-30);2023年宁夏卫生健康委科研课题(编号:2023-NWKYP-052)作者单位:750004 宁夏回族自治区银川市,宁夏医科大学总医院(刘敬莉,姚彦蓉,刘娜,米光丽);西吉县人民医院(马红雅);宁夏回族自治区宁安医院(黎丹)第一作者:刘敬莉,女,本科,副主任护师通信作者:米光丽,本科,主任护师出院准备服务即出院计划,是指医务工作者从患者入院时就有计划地向患者提供适当的健康照顾并整合其所需要的健康资源,使患者自身从生理、心理的角度均能达到出院标准,同时家属对于患者出院这一医疗决策也能安心[1-2],目前多用于老年、慢性病领域。
英语报纸时文阅读
时文阅读 1. 低头一秒,家毁人亡!随着科技遍布全世界,智能手机成为了“通讯神器”。
但是对于那些精力不集中的司机、骑行者和行人来说,手机在他们手里就是一把上膛的枪Alexander Heit, a 22-year-old college student with good grades and a quick wit?[w?t](智力,才智), was driving in Greeley, in the US state of Colorado, when he decided to reply to a text message on his phone."Sounds good my man, see ya soon, I'll tw"We don't know the rest. The message was interrupted by a crash. Heit died. While the young man was distracted, he drifted into oncoming traffic, according to the International Business Times.On my cycling trips around Beijing, I often think about the many tragic cases like Heit’s that I’ve read about in my home country over the years.I am astounded by the number of my fellow cyclists and also scooter riders who I see not only carrying on phone conversations but also only reading text on their phones. Their heads are down, eyes transfixed by a small luminous screen, oblivious to the world they’re rushing toward.Of course, the faster you’re going, the quicker a distraction can become a tragedy.。
江苏省苏州市苏州中学2023年高一上英语期中考试试题
江苏省苏州市苏州中学2023年高一上英语期中考试试题Hope Book ClubA book club is a small group of persons that are reading the same book in order to sharedifferent feelings and opinions about the book.The book club meets once a month for an hour of lively discussion. All students (3+), teachers and parents are welcome! Here you can discover a new world, learn new ideas and make new friends!What you should do:★You will read the book on your own and then discuss your reading in the book club.★You must keep up with your reading so that you can join as a part of your group. The book club will decide what pages or chapters you will read.★You should take down notes and thoughts as you read.★Everyone in the book club is expected to join in the discussion.More tips:★Keep our place clean.★No pets and no smoking.★Take good care of books and return them on time.★You must ask for leave if you cannot join in the discussion.Fees:Kids from 3—7: Free;Kids from 8—18: 10 dollars a month;Adults: 15 dollars a month.If you are interested, call 487-256-656 or 487-266-545, send an email to****************** or visit our website at .1. How much should a couple with a 6-year-old son pay for being in the club for two months?A.30 dollars. B.60 dollars. C.75 dollars. D.90 dollars2. How many ways are mentioned here to get more information about the club?A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.3. Which of the following is true according to the text?A.Books aren’t allowed to be taken out of the club.B.Joining in the discussion is encouraged in the club.C.You can choose your favourite books to read in the club.D.The members in the club don’t have to finish what they need to read.If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China-chic”.The term characterizes the rise o f China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands.China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding.The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager.Now, the guochao trend is “moving to th e next stage, where its success will rely, first and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s onet hing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou.4. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?A.To introduce a new trend in China.B.To highlight the popularity of guochao.C.To describe a common scene on the street.D.To show Chinese brands beat foreign companies.5. Which of the following statements about guochao is correct?A.Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao.B.Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world.C.Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture.D.It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention.6. What may Kerra Zhou agree with?A.Chinese is still following the western trend.B.Guochao’s success relies on western recognition.C.National pride arouses the passion for guochao.D.Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A.The Popularity of Native Brands B.The Boom of China-chicC.The Recognition of National Culture D.The Root of GuochaoAutomation (自动化) was a hot topic. Nearly everyone agreed that people would be working less once computers and other kinds of automatic machinery became widespread. For optimists, this was a promise of liberation: At last humanity would be freed from constant toil, and we could all devote our days to more refined pursuits. But others saw a threat: Millions of people would be thrown out of work, and desperate masses would roam the streets. Looking back from 50 years hence, the controversy over automation seems a quaint and curious episode. The dispute was never resolved.A. J. Hayes, a leader(and no relation to me), wrote in 1964: Automation is not just a new kind of mechanization but a revolutionary force capable of overturning our social order. Whereas mechanization made workers more efficient-and thus more valuable-automation threatens to make them superfluous (过剩的)-and thus without value. The opinions I have cited here represent extreme positions, and there were also many milder views. But I think it’s fair to say that most early students of automation, including both critics and enthusiasts, believed the new technology would lead us into a world where people worked much less.As for economic consequences, worries about unemployment have certainly not gone away-not with job losses in the current recession approaching 2 million workers in our country alone. But recent job losses are commonly attributed to causes other than automation, such as competition from overseas or a roller-coaster financial system. In any case, the vision of a world where machines do all the work and people stand idly by has simply not come to pass.The spread of automation outside of the factory has altered its social and economic impact in some curious ways. In many cases, the net effect of automation is not that machines are doing work that people used to do. Instead we’ve dispensed with the people who used to be paid to run the ma-chines, and we’v e learned to run them ourselves. These trends contradict almost all the expectations of early writers on automation, both optimists and pessimists. So far, automation has neither liberated us from the need to work nor deprived us of the opportunity to work. Instead, we’re working more than ever.What about trades closer to my own vital interests? Will science be automated? Technology al-ready has a central role in many areas of research; for example, genome sequences could not be read bytraditional lab-bench methods. Replacing the scientist will presumably be a little harder than re-placing the lab technician, but when a machine exhibits enough curiosity and tenacity, I think we’ll just have to welcome it as a companion in zealous research. And if the scientist is elbowed aside by an automaton, then surely the science writer can’t hold out either. I’m ready for my 15-hour work-week.8. In Paragraph 1, the writer mainly wants to convey that .A.automation results in unemployment onB.automation does more harm than goodC.the issue of automation is still in discussionD.automation brings in much convenience in life9. According to A. J. Hayes, we can infer .A.automation is more valuable than what we imagineB.automation is a revolutionary force to better developmentC.the disadvantages of automation far outweigh the advantagesD.the new technology would lead people into working much less10. What does the underlined word possibly mean?A.Put. . . down for. B.Set. . . free from.C.Bring. . . into. D.Take. . . away from.11. What can we conclude from this passage?A.People needn’t work so hard due to automation.B.Traditional labor force will be replaced in the near future.C.Automation should be accepted reasonably in development.D.Automation r esults in more job losses in the writer’s country.Artificial cloud technology could soon be used in the fight against environmental damage. Researchers in Australia have used machines to spray salt water into the air, and noted that the reflective qualities of these artificial clouds helped protect the Great Barrier Reef from sun bleaching (漂白).The so-called cloud brightening project works by thickening existing clouds and reducing sunlight exposure to protect the reef. No artificial chemicals make it into the clouds in the sky. When water droplets steam, they leave only small salt crystals that float up into the atmosphere. This provides a larger surface area for water vapor to be liquids around them, forming thicker clouds.The past two years have seen uncommon forest fires and droughts triggered by the climate change emergency, meaning that widespread use of this technique may become more commonplace if carbon emissions are not checked.Drones, unmanned flying vehicles, have also entered the cloud controlling picture, used in the United Arab Emirates, a country desperately in need of more rainfall, to deliver electrical shocks to clouds in order to facilitate rainfall. Zapping (击打) clouds to produce a positive or negative charge within clouds can cause water droplets to form together. The greater the charge, the larger the droplets, which is vital for ensuring that as much rain as possible reaches the surface before steam gives off all the hard-won moisture (水分).Even if one waves aside climate change, global waterfall shortages are still an increasing concern, given the planet’s booming population. More people means more mouths to feed, and the demand for water in agriculture for animals and crops further increases urgency for cloud controlling technology. An increase in rain also leads to positive economic growth in many countries, as large harvests stabilize financial systems and living standards in all climates.Increasingly, scientists are looking to our skies in providing solutions to protect our environment. Cloud controlling technologies have promise. However, for this field of science to become practical economically, more research needs to be done in making this process a practicable option in protecting our environment.12. How does the cloud brightening project work?A.By creating more water vapor which later becomes liquids.B.By spraying chemicals and small salt crystals into the atmosphere.C.By expanding the water vapor arca and blocking more sunlight.D.By steaming water droplets to provide a larger surface area.13. What do we know about drones from paragraph 4?A.They spread larger water droplets.B.They charge clouds to promote rain.C.They will be popularized in dry years.D.They control the movements of clouds.14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A.Problems of overpopulation.B.Solutions to waterfall shortage.C.Urgency of economic development.D.Additional benefit of cloud technology.15. Which aspect does the author think should be improved?A.High cost.B.Research method.C.Environmental impact.D.Complicated process.We all regard receiving presents as a pleasant experience and yet it can be one of the most embarrassing situations. 16All you can do is exchange it after your friend or relative has gone home. 17 Worse still, the agreement on the sale is between the person who bought it and the shop.So you will have to tell your favourite aunt that the T-shirt does not fit. But an exchange is not always that simple because there has to be a good reason for it. 18 For example, if the buyer was told that a switch was voice-operated and later found out it was not, then action could be taken. You would have the right to return it and get the money back.Many big stores have a much more tolerant policy towards return and see it as a gesture of good will to exchange goods without question. Stores including Marks & Spencer are well-known for their “no argument” policy on returned goods. However, shoppers sho uld remember this is a privilege, not a right.So if a shop refuses to exchange the goods or to offer a refund, the seller is likely to be within his legal rights unless there is something wrong with the goods. 19 You have every right to demand a cash r efund or a replacement, but only if you have returned it within a “reasonable” time.20 Some shops and stores expect things to be returned within a week of purchase, while others may permit a much longer time limit. In any case, if you return a thing after what is considered a “reasonable” time, then all you are legally entitled to is the cost of repair.The recently concluded 19th Asian Games were _______ the most spectacular sporting event of the year, with 15 world records broken.The Games featured 11, 830 athletes from 45 Asian countries and regions who _______ in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, to _______ for 481 gold medals in 40 sports at 56 competition venues.These 45 countries _______ 55 percent o f the world’s population. Notably, the total number of participants exceeded (超过) the 10, 000 athletes registered for the Paris 2024 Summer Olympics.Meanwhile, as the first significant carbon-neutral sporting event, the Asian Games _______ environmentally friendly guidelines into all aspects of planning and operations. The Games put green theories into _______ throughout, from construction and transportation to energy sourcing and waste management.Similar plans were carried out. in the Asian Games Village, where athletes and officials could earn low-carbon points by adopting-nearly 20 green behaviors, such as _______ food wastage, practicing green travel and sorting garbage. These points could be _______ or low-carbon souvenirs. Hangzhou provided _______ memories for all Asians. The Asian Games Village and catering and cultural services received widespread ________ from athletes, who frequently expressed their admiration for the accommodations and restaurants.Moreover, competitors rated ________ the atmosphere and sportsmanship displayed among athletes. The Asian Games showcased China’s organizational capabilities and ________ its spirit of fair play and diversity and the unity of Asian cultures.President Xi Jinping ________ for collecti ve efforts to make Asia “an anchor of world peace”. He also ________ that the Asian Games should represent “the Asian people’s shared ________ for peace, unity and inclusiveness (兼容并蓄)”.21.A.normally B.unexpectedly C.undoubtedly D.fortunately22.A.volunteered B.travelled C.gathered D.struggled23.A.compete B.apply C.hope D.long24.A.take up B.make up C.pick up D.hold up25.A.broke B.persuaded C.transformed D.introduced26.A.practice B.theory C.balance D.contribution27.A.minimizing B.developing C.ignoring D.ending28.A.created B.improved C.replaced D.exchanged29.A.remarkable B.available C.responsible D.understandable 30.A.criticism B.praise C.doubt D.tension31.A.flexibly B.personally C.regularly D.highly32.A.attracted B.highlighted C.reminded D.judged33.A.answered B.apologized C.called D.voted34.A.promoted B.proved C.warned D.stressed35.A.pressure B.desire C.behavior D.technique阅读下面短文,在在答题纸1相应空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
新中国篮球运动训练指导思想的历史沿革及其启示
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the provision of positive incentives阅读理解题
Positive incentives refer to rewards or benefits that are offered to individuals in order to encourage or motivate certain behavior or actions. They can be used in various settings such as educational institutions, workplaces, and healthcare systems, among others. The provision of positive incentives is an effective way to promote desired behaviors and achieve specific goals. This article will provide a comprehensive understanding of positive incentives, including their benefits, examples, and their impact on individuals and organizations.First and foremost, positive incentives play a crucial role in shaping behavior and promoting desired actions. They act as motivators, encouraging individuals to strive for goals and achieve better results. For instance, in educational institutions, students are often offered rewards such as certificates, medals, or scholarships to recognize their academic achievements. These incentives not only boost confidence but also stimulate a sense of competition and dedication among students, enhancing their overall performance. Similarly, in a workplace setting, employees may be provided with bonuses, promotions, or recognition for meeting or exceeding performance targets. These incentives not only motivate employees to work harder but also create a positive and competitive work environment, leading to increased productivity.Furthermore, positive incentives have the potential to improve individual well-being. When individuals are rewarded for positive behaviors or actions, it reinforces their self-esteem and increases their sense of accomplishment. This, in turn, leads to higher levels of satisfaction and overall well-being. For example, a healthcare system may offer incentives such as discounted gym memberships or cash rewards for individuals who maintain a healthy lifestyle, encouraging them to prioritize their physical well-being. When individuals are rewarded for engaging in healthy behaviors such as regular exercise and balanced eating, they are more likely to continue these habits, leading to improved overall health outcomes.In addition to their impact on individuals, positive incentives also have numerous benefits for organizations. Implementing positive incentives in a workplace can enhance employee engagement and job satisfaction. When employees feel appreciated and recognized for their efforts, they are more likely to be committed to their work and feel a sense of loyalty towards the organization. Consequently, this can reduce turnover rates and increase employee retention, saving companies time and money in recruitment and training. Moreover, positive incentives can foster a positive company culture, where individuals are motivated and enthusiastic about achieving organizational goals. This, in turn, can lead to greater teamwork, collaboration, and innovation within the organization.There are various examples of positive incentives that can be implemented in different settings. In educational institutions, incentives may include academic scholarships, student of the month awards, or recognition ceremonies. In workplaces, incentives can range from monetary bonuses, promotions, or paid time off rewards. In healthcare settings, rewards may include discounted healthcarepremiums, gift cards for healthy behaviors, or access to wellness programs. The specific incentives utilized may vary depending on the goals and target population, but the underlying principle remains the same - rewarding positive behavior to encourage its continuation.In conclusion, the provision of positive incentives is an effective way to motivate individuals and promote desired behaviors. Whether in educational institutions, workplaces, or healthcare systems, positive incentives can lead to improved performance, increased well-being, and enhanced organizational outcomes. By recognizing and rewarding positive actions, individuals are encouraged to continue their efforts, helping them reach their goals and contributing to overall success. Positive incentives are a valuable tool for shaping behavior and creating a positive environment for individuals and organizations alike.。
rating_ratios标准普尔的打分评级标准
rating_ratios标准普尔的打分评级标准Ratings and RatiosPresented on the next pa ges a re key ra tio medians for U.S. corporates by rating category. Definitions of the ra tios a ppea r on pa ge 55. The ra tio media ns a re purely sta tistica l, a nd are not inteded as a guide to achieving a given rating level. Ratio Guidelines are presented on pa ge 56. They more fa ithfully represent the role of ratios in the ratings process.Ratios are helpful in broadly defining a com-pany’s position relative to rating categories. They a re not intended to be hurdles or prerequisites that should be achieved to attain a specific debt rating.Ca ution should be exercised when using the ratio medians for comparisons with specific com-pa ny or industry da ta beca use of ma jor differ-ences in method of ra tio computa tion, impor-tance of industry or business risk, and impact of mergers a nd a cquisitions. Since ra tings a re designed to be valid over the entire business cycle, ratios of a particular firm at any point in the cycle ma y not a ppea r to be in line with its a ssigned debt ra tings. Pa rticula r ca ution should be used when making cross-border comparisons, due to differences in a ccounting principles, fina ncia l practices, and business environments. Fina ncia l ra tio media ns a re a djusted for unusual items and to capitalize operating leases. Company data are adjusted for the following:? Nonrecurring gains or losses are eliminat-ed from earnings. This includes gains on asset sa les, significa nt tra nsitory income items, unusua l losses, losses on a sset sa les, a nd cha rges due to a sset writedowns, pla nt shut-downs, nd retirement progr ms. These a djustments chiefly a ffect interest covera ge, return, and operating margin ratios.Unusual cash flow items similar in origin to the nonrecurring ga ins or losses a re a lso reversed.The operating lease adjustment is performedfor all companies. Companies that buy all planta nd equipment a re put on a more compa ra blebasis with firms that lease part or all of their oper-a ting a ssets. The lea se a djustment impa cts a llratios.Still, several adjustments commonly made byStandard & Poor’s analysts are not incorporat-ed in the adjusted medians. Omitted are alter-a tions reflecting net debt a nd the ca ptivefina nce compa ny methodology. The net debtadjustment would affect median ratios largelyfor the ‘AAA’ rating category, which is almostentirely composed of cash-rich pharmaceuticalcompa nies. (If the net debt a djustment weremade, interest coverage, cash flow to debt, anddebt ratios for the ‘AAA’ category would not bemeaningful, since many of these firms have nonet debt.) The captive finance adjustment has agrea ter effect, ma inly on a utomobile, depa rt-ment store, and some capital goods companies.The adjusted ratio median universe includesabout 500 companies. The data exclude com-pa nies, such a s the a uto ma nufa cturers a ndca ble television firms, tha t, even with a djust-ments, have financial ratios that are not repre-sentative of those used in the rating process.The media ns themselves a re a ffected by economic a nd environmenta l fa ctors, a s wella s mergers a nd a cquisitions. The universe ofrated companies is constantly changing, and in certain rating categories, adding or deleting afew compa nies ca n ma teria lly cha nge the financial ratio medians.Strengths and weaknesses in different areasha ve to be ba la nced a nd qua lita tive fa ctors evaluated. There are many nonnumeric distin-guishing cha ra cteristics tha t determine a company’s creditworthiness.I STANDARD & POOR’SRatio MediansRATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings Criteria53 I STANDARD & POOR’S54RATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings Criteria I STANDARD & POOR’SRATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings Criteria55Risk-adjusted ratio guidelines depict the role that financial ratios play in Standard & Poor’s rating process, since financial ratios are viewed in the context of a firm’s business risk. A com-pa ny with a stronger competitive position, more fa vora ble business prospects, a nd more predictable cash flows can afford to undertake a dded fina ncia l risk while ma inta ining the same credit rating.The guidelines displa yed in the ma trices ma ke explicit the linka ge between fina ncia l ratios and levels of business risk. For example, consider a U.S. industria l—which includes ma nufa cturing, service, a nd tra nsporta tion sectors—with an average business risk profile. Cash flow coverage of 60% would indicate an ‘A’ rating. If a company were below average, it would need about 85% cash flow coverage to qua lify for the sa me ra ting. Simila rly, for the ‘A’ category, a firm that has an above-average business risk profile could tolerate about 40%levera ge a nd a n a vera ge firm only 30%. The matrices also show that a company with only an average business position could not aspire to an ‘AAA’ rating, even if its financial ratios were extremely conservative.Ra tio media ns tha t Sta nda rd & Poor’s ha s been publishing for more tha n a deca de a re merely sta tistica l composites. They a re not ra ting benchma rks, precisely beca use they gloss over the critica l link between a compa-ny’s fina ncia l risk a nd its business risk. Medians are based on historical performance, while Sta nda rd & Poor’s risk-a djusted guide-lines refer to expected future performance. Guidelines a re not mea nt to be precise. Rather, they are intended to convey ranges that cha ra cterize levels of credit qua lity a s repre-sented by the ra ting ca tegories. Obviously, strengths evidenced in one fina ncia l mea sure ca n offset, or ba la nce, rela tive wea kness in another.I STANDARD & POOR’SRatio Guidelines56RATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings CriteriaI STANDARD & POOR’S U.S. INDUSTRIALSManufacturing, Service and Transportation CompaniesFunds from Operations/Total Debt Guidelines (%)—Rating category—Company business risk profile AAA AA A BBB BBWell above average business position8060402510Above average150********Average—105603520Below average——854025Well below average ———6545Total Debt/Capitalization Guidelines (%)—Rating category—Company business risk profile AAA AA A BBB BBWell above average business position3040506070Above average2025405060Average—15304055Below average——253545Well below average ———2535RATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings Criteria57I STANDARD & POOR’SU.S. UTILITIESFunds from Operations/Total Debt Guidelines (%)—Rating category—Company businessrisk profile AAA AA A BBB BB B Well-above-average 1231815105—business position2292319149—Above average335292317127440342821159 Average54637302418116534335271913 Below average76352423121148756149352315 Well below average 9——5741271710——69503422Total Debt/Capitalization (%)—Rating category—Company businessrisk profile AAA AA A BBB BB B Well-above-average 14753586470—business position24349546066—Above average33945505764704354146536168 Average53339445159676303643505765 Below average72734414956648233139475562 Well below average 9——3543515810——29374350 58RATINGS AND RATIOS I Corporate Ratings Criteria。
创新大学英语一期中考试试题A音体美试题
Mid-term Examination for FreshmenPart I TranslationDirections: Tran slate the followi ng words and phrases.(81'+6 2') xI. freshman ______ 2. dormitory ______ 3. schedule ________ 4. isolated ______5. betray _____6. compromise _______7. cherish _____8. companion _______9. participate in social activities ________________________________10. dispel feeli ngs of isolati on and lon eli ness _____________________________II. read one ' s mind ______________________________12. develop courage and positive attitudes ________________________________13. cope successfully with the crisis _________________________________14. smooth the transition from …怕 … ___________________________Part II VocabularyDirections: Fill in the blanks using some of the word and phrase given below the form where n ecessary. Change their form if n ecessary ( 14X 2')1. Research _______ t hat eating habits are changing fast.2. As the project comes to an end, many workers now ____________ an uncertain future.3. Stories of love and adventure were popular _______ t he Middle Ages.4. The headmaster ______ the situation very well.5. The final results of the experiment are ______ on December 9.6. We only had time to pack a few ______ .7. A newborn baby needs _______ c are and attention.8. The ______ in this shop are very helpful.9. Reading is of _______ importanee in Ianguage learning.姓名:班级: 学号: 成绩:10. The literature course has bee n hard work, but very _____ .11. Our mai n _____ is that they are not recei ving eno ugh help.12. They were _______ of a no rmal childhood by the war.13. Police have now ______ the search for the lost child.14. The test will ______ an sweri ng questi ons about a photograph.Part III StructureDirections: This part is to test your ability to con struct grammatically correct senten ces .It contains 2 secti ons.Sectio n ADirect ions: In this sect ion, there are 10 in complete senten ces.You are required to complete each one by decid ing on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A ), B ), C) and D ). The n you should mark the corresp onding letter on the An swer Sheet with a si ngle line through the cen ter. (10 2') x1. The most important outcome of education is to help students become independent formal educati on.A) from B) of C) to D) on2. The medic ine has many functions, _____ are unknown to us.A) some of which C) that some of themB) of which some of them D) which of them3. I prefer to live in the country rather tha n ____ in a city.A) to live B) live C) livi ng D) lived4. _____ f righte ned me was a loud crash from the n ext room.A) That B) Why C) What D) How5. Mr Smith's mon thly in come has in creased ____ 100 dollars.A) with B) at C) by D) on6. He failed to get the ticket on Friday because there were no tickets ____ .A) atta in able B) feasible C) vaca nt D) available7. We must get there by all _____ before he has a cha nee to break the n ews to her.A) methods B) measures C) means D) mysteries8. _____ i n a poor family, he is used to a simple life.A) Born and breed ing C) Hav ing born and bredB) Born and bred D) Being born and bred9. Joh n isn't a dilige nt stude nt, for it is the third time he has bee n late, __ ?A) isn't it B) was n't C) hasn't he D) had n't he10. It's better to avoid _____ dow ntow n duri ng the rush hour.A) to drive B) hav ing drive n C) to be driv ing D) driv ingSectio n BDirections Complete the followi ng senten ces by tran slati ng the Chin ese into En glish.. (43')1. You will be quite safe __________________________________ (只要你按我的命令去做)2. (只要你高兴), ___________________________________ , it doesn ' t matter what you do.3. If you don ' t hurry up, _________________________________ 很可能会错过下一航班).4. We planned to go picnicking tomorrow, but _____________________________ 如果下雨或者下雪怎么办?)?Part IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your readi ng ability. Read the 2 passages and do the followi ng exercises.Passage 1There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of in flue ntial frie nds or the right backgro und. Sometimes it may just be a comforti ng and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her kno wledge and experie nee, she should have bee n promoted to Product ion Man ager. I nstead, the job went to a man who was totally un suited for the post. Every one knew that he only got it becausehe was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engin eer and many of her colleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficie nt tha n it could have bee n.All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the moder n world depe nds on having people who are in the job because they are good eno ugh, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engin eer to see to a machi ne, which would not go. He exam ined it, the n took out a hammer and tapped it, on ce. The mach ine started up immediately. When he prese nted his bill, the owner protested, "This can't be right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer?" The engineer wrote out a new bill: "For tapping a machi ne, $1; for knowing where to tap it, $ 99."1. It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because _____ .A) they feel superior to othersB) they are both in flue ntial and powerfulC) they have some special adva ntagesD) they have a poor backgro und2. The engin eer at the chemical pla nt was not promoted because ____ .A) it is more difficult for a woma n to get a promoti on tha n for her male colleaguesB) her boss did not think she had the right qualificati ons for the jobC) the man who got his promoti on was more experie need tha n she wasD) her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions3. The engin eer who repaired the mach ine was right to charge $100 because ___ .A) he was the only pers on who could find out what was wrong with itB) the factory owner could n ot have repaired it himselfC) he hit the mach ine to get it started aga inD) he was charg ing for his kno wledge and expert skills4. The author's attitude toward the widespread belief is _____ .A) positive B) n egative C) n eutral D) sympathetic5. Accord ing to the passage, which of the followi ng is NOT TRUE?A) Having in flue ntial frie nds or right backgro und seems helpful sometimes.B) The engin eer had good reas on to overcharge the factory owner.C) Not all those who are good in their jobs have the cha nee to be promoted.D) Those who are good in their job are still largely n eeded by the moder n society.Passage 2Communi cati on betwee n villages and the n earest tow n was poor. Roads were bad; there was some attempt to keep them in order, but as each parish教区)was resp on sible for its own secti on ofthe road, the state of repair depe nded on the en thusiasm of the parish officers. There was, however, little wheeled traffic except for farm coaches used by men of wealth. Most traffic was by means of pack horses. Travelers rode on horseback or walked.Si nee com muni cati on was so difficult, the local markets, held weekly at the n earest tow n, or the fairs, held annually at the greater cities, became important places for the exchange of goods of all kin ds.6. The passage is primarily about ____ .A) traveli ng B) roads C) market D) com muni cati on7.. The author's con clusi on that local markets and fairs were importa nt is based on his stateme nt that _____________ .A) com muni cati on betwee n villages and tow ns was poorB) there was little wheeled trafficC) excha nges of goods took place at the marketsD) markets and fairs were ofte n held8. Most traffic was not wheeled because _____ .A) most people could not afford this means of travelB) coaches were un comfortableC) horses were better tha n coachesD) roads were so bad9. Poor roads were probably so because of_____ .A) politics on a parish levelB) the competiti on betwee n parishesC) the lack of trafficD) the lack of en thusiasm of local authorities10. The author's stateme nt about the importa nt of markets and fairs is ___ .A) a con clusi on he draws on the basic of his main thoughtB) an in terest ing fact he in cludesC) appare ntly con trary to the main thoughtD) a proof he uses to establish his main thought。