计算机专业英语翻译

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计算机专业英语词汇

计算机专业英语词汇

mandn.命令,指令2.linen.(数据,程序)行,线路3.displayvt.显示,显示器4.formatn.格式5.cursorn.光标6.directoryn.目录,索引簿7.currentn.电流8.screenn.屏幕,屏;v.屏蔽9..specifyv.指定,规定,确定10.diskn.盘,磁盘11.drivev.驱动;n.驱动器12.databasen.数据库13.enterv.键入,送入14.marginn.余量,边缘,边际15.proceduren.过程,程序,工序16.dialogn.&vt.对话17.insertvt.插入18.itemn.项,项目,条款19.editvt.编辑,编排,编篡20.parametern.参数,参变量21.variablea.可变的;n.变量22.functionn.函数,功能,操作23.buttonn.按钮24.indexn.索引,变址,指数25.settingn.设置,调整26.desirev.&n.期望27.switchn.&v.开关,转换,切换28.defaultv.缺省,预置,约定29.enablevt.启动,恢复正常操作30.filenamen.文件名31.promptn.&v.提示32.executev.实行,实施33.extensionn.扩充,延伸34.argumentn.变元,自变量35.shiftv.转义,换档,移位36.storen.&vt.存储,存储器37.scrollvt.上滚(卷);n.纸卷38.macron.宏,宏功能,宏指令39.definevt.定义,规定,分辨40.referencen.&a.参考;参考的41.restorevt.恢复,复原42.blockn.(字,信息,数据)块43.decimaln.&a.十进制;十进制的44.definitionn.定义,确实,清晰度45.arrown.箭头,指针beln.标签,标号,标识符47.issuev.发行,出版,流出48.availablea.可用的49.attributen.属性,标志,表征50.dos磁盘操作系统51.modifyvt.修改,改变,变址52.bottomn.&a.底,基础;底下的53.carriagen.滑架,托架54.contentn.含量,容量,内容55.scopen.范围,显示器56.paragraphn.段(落),节,短讯57.executionn.执行58.backupn.备份,后备,后援59.pointern.指针,指示字60.subsetn.子集,子设备61.keyboardn.键盘62.positioningn.定位63.togglen.&v.触发器;系紧64.devicen.设备,器件,装置65.indicatevt.指示,表示66.renamevt.更名,改名binationn.结合,组合68.profilen.简要,剖面,概貌69.splitv.分开,分离70.accessn.存取,选取,接近71.documentn.文献,资料,文件72.reflowv.&n.回流,逆流73.installvt.安装74.assignvt.赋值,指定,分派75.specifica.特殊的,具体的76.disketten.软磁盘,软盘片77.confirmationn.认可78.abbreviatevt.缩写,省略79.delimitern.定界符,分界符80.graphicn.&a.图形;图形的81.confirmvt.证实,确认82.clausen.条款,项目,子句83.correspondvi.通信(联系)84.propertyn.性(质),特征85.bracketn.(方)括号,等级86.omitvt.省略,删去,遗漏87.sub-directoryn.子目录88.instructionn.指令,指导89.asciin.美国信息交换标准码90.appendvt.附加,增补91.buffern.缓冲器92.coprocessorn.协同处理器93.overlayv.覆盖,重叠94.navigationn.导航95.shortcutn.近路,捷径96.assigneda.指定的,赋值的97.matchv.比较,匹配,符合98.releasevt.&n.释放,核发,版99.deletionn.删去(部分),删除100.aliasn.别名,代号,标记101.quoten.&v.引号;加引号102.maximumn.&a.最大(的),最高103.switchingn.开关,转接,交换104.elementn.元件,元素,码元105.modificationn.改变,修改106.modifieda.修改的,变更的107.uppercasen.大写字母108.forcev.&n.强制;压力,强度109.lowercasen.下档,小写体110.undovt.取消,废除111.environvt.围绕,包围112.temporarya.暂时的,临时的113.encounterv.&n.遇到,碰到114.wildcardn.通配符115.spillv.漏出,溢出,漏失116.browsev.浏览117.memon.备忘录118.priora.先验的,优先的119.variantn.&a.变体,易变的120.floppyn.软磁盘121.supplyvt.&n.电源,供给122.modulen.模块(程序设计)123.monochromen.单色124.assistancen.辅助设备,帮助125.demonstrationn.(公开)表演,示范126.templaten.标准框,样板,模板2.linkern.连接程序128.processvt.处理,进程,加工129.referv.访问,引用,涉及5.overviewn.综述,概要131.syntaxn.语法,文法,句法132.abbreviationn.缩短,省略,简称8.biosn.基本输入/输出系统134.minusa.&n.负的;负数,减135.alternatea.交替的,备用的11.collapsev.崩溃,破裂137.interpretern.解释程序,翻译机138.slashn.斜线14.utilityn.&a.实用程序;实用性140.regardlessa.不注意的,不考虑的patiblea.可兼容的,可共存的17.alphabeticala.字母(表)的,abc的143.resumev.重(新)开(始)144.multiplea.多次的,复杂的20.monitorn.监视器,监督程序146.configurationn.配置147.aboveboardad.&a.照直,公开的23.ejectn.弹出149.sequencen.顺序,时序,序列150.consistvi.符合,包括26.valida.有效的152.suspendv.中止,暂停,挂起153.enhancevt.增强,放大,夸张29.separatev.&a.分隔,分离,各自的155.echon.回波,反射波mentn.&vi.注解,注释32.preventv.防止,预防158.presseda.加压的,压缩的159.dimensionn.尺寸,维,因次35.boundaryn.边界,界限,约束161.zoomv.变焦距162.initializev.初始化38.helloint.&v.喂!;呼叫164.fontn.铅字,字形165.convertv.转换,变换41.globaln.全局,全程,全局符167.invokevt.调用,请求168.interactivea.交互式,交互的44.describeda.被看到的,被发现的170.exclusivea.排斥,排它性171.adaptern.适配器,转换器47.filtern.滤波器,滤光材料173.duala.对偶的,双的174.equivalenta.相等的,等效的50.storagen.存储,存储器176.startupn.启动177.residenta.驻留的53.designateda.指定的,特指的179.pertainvi.附属,属于,关于180.expansionn.展开,展开式56.incompatiblea.不兼容的182.blinkingn.闪烁183.precedev.先于59.transportablea.可移动的185.routinen.程序,例行程序186.sessionn.对话,通话62.redrawvt.再拉188.manuala.手工的,手动的189.assemblyn.汇编,安装,装配65.copyrightn.版权191.retrievev.检索192.ram随机存取存储器68.exceptionn.例外,异常,异议194.minimumn.&a.最小(的),最低195.reindexv.&n.变换(改变)符号pilevt.编译197.undefineda.未定义的198.tickv;n.滴答(响);勾号(√)74.intensea.强烈的,高度的200.documentationn.文件编制,文本201.asteriskn.星号(*)77.interfacen.接口203.pausevi.暂停204.assumeda.假定的80.entryn.输入,项(目),入口206.formattingn.格式化207.symboln.符号,记号83.binaryn.&a.二进制;双态的209.subtotaln.&v.小计,求部分和210.partitionv.划分,分区,部分86.hexadecimala.十六进制的212.generatevt.产生,发生,生成213.specificationn.说明书,规则说明书89.customizevt.定制,定做215.nestv.嵌套,后进先出216.duplicatevt.复制,转录,加倍pressionn.压缩,浓缩218.alternatelyad.交替地,轮流地219.intensityn.强度,亮度95.explicitlyad.明显地,显然地221.sectorn.&v.扇区,段;分段222.verticallyad.竖直地,直立地98.horizontallyad.水平地224.backspacev.退格,回退225.terminatev.端接,终止101.dragvt.拖,拉,牵,曳227.formatteda.有格式的228.underscorevt.在⋯下面划线104.initiallyad.最初,开头230.reformatv.重定格式231.integratev.综合,集成107.trailingn.&a.结尾;尾随的233.indentv.缩排234.integern.整数110.subscriptn.注脚,下标236.secondarya.辅助的,第二的237.colonn.冒号“:”113.allocatevt.分配239.wordperfecta.一字不错地熟记的240.verifyvt.鉴定,检验,核对116.emulatorn.仿真器,仿真程序242.splittingn.分区(裂)243.consolen.控制台,操作台119.kerneln.内核(核心)程序245.modifiern.修改量,变址数246.invalida.无效的pilern.编译程序(器)248.dotn.点249.beepn.蜂鸣声,嘀嘀声125.randoma.随机的251.facilityn.设施,装备,便利252.asynchronousa.异步的,非同步的253.pasten.湖,胶,膏254.respectn.&vt.遵守,关系255.hyphenn.连字符,短线256.seriala.串行的,串联的257.retainvt.保持,维持258.signaln.&v.信号;发信号3.cpu控制处理部件260.deactivatevt.释放,去活化261.initiala.最初的,初始的6.corruptv.&a.恶化;有毛病的263.hostn.主机264.pendinga.悬而未决的,未定的9.bootn.引导,靴266.magentan.&a.深红色(的)267.oppositea.&n.&ad.相反的12.overridev.&n.超越,克服269.hexa.&n.六角形的270.instanta.立刻的,直接的15.kilobyten.千字节(kb)272.parenthesisn.括弧,圆括号273.murdern.弄坏,毁掉18.flushv.弄平,使齐平275.consecutivea.连续的,连贯的276.addressingn.寻址21.prefixn.前缀278.carouseln.圆盘传送带279.statica.静态的,不变的24.assignmentn.赋值,分配281.respectivelyad.分别地282.navigatev.导航,驾驶27.duea.到期的,应付(给)的284.descendv.下降,落下285.alterv.改变,修改30.trackn.磁道,轨道287.precedencen.优先权288.skeletonn.骨架,框架33.logn.&v.记录,存入290.accessiblea.可以使用的291.configurevt.使成形36.declareda.承认的,申报的pressvt.压缩,精减294.graphicallyad.用图表表示39.automatica.自动的296.aligneda.对准的,均衡的297.terminaln.终端,端子42.expirev.终止,期满299.resolutionn.分辨率300.semicolonn.分号(;)45.criticala.&n.临界的;临界值302.bordern.边界,框,界限303.cachen.高速缓存48.fastbackn.快速返回305.herculesn.大力神,大力士306.trimn.区标,微调51.substitutev.代替,替换,代入308.upgradev.升级,提高质量309.instancen.&vt.例子,情况;举例54.elapsedvi.&n.经过311.norconj.也不312.monoa.&n.单音的57.abortv.&n.中断,故障314.scatterv.散射,分散,散布315.conventionn.常规,约定,协定60.conventionala.常规的,习惯的317.handlern.处理程序318.processorn.处理机,处理程序63.desktopa.台式的320.developmentn.开发,研制,显影321.exceedv.超过,大于66.horizontala.水平的,横向的323.alphabeticallyad.按字母表顺序324.reservevt.保留,预定,预约69.manifestvt.表明,显示,显现326.disconnectvt.拆接,断开,拆线327.clockwisea.顺时针的72.eliminatevt.除去,消除,切断329.declarationn.说明,申报330.iconn.图符,象征youtn.布置,布局,安排332.appendixn.附录333.truncatevt.截尾,截断78.inhibitvt.禁止335.registern.寄存器336.stuffn.&vt.材料;装入81.excludevt.排除,除去338.lexicala.辞典的,词法的339.portn.端口,进出口84.segmentn.段,片段,图块341.identicallyad.相等,恒等342.permanentlyad.永久地,持久地87.acceleratorn.加速装置,加速剂344.originallyad.原来,最初345.internallyad.在内(部)90.derelictvt.中途淘汰347.redirectvt.重定向348.residevi.驻留93.headern.首部,标题,报头350.extraa.特别的,额外的351.densityn.密度96.mastera.总要的,总的353.recursivea.递归的,循环的354.trapn.&vt.陷阱;俘获99.dimensionaln.尺寸的,⋯维的356.conjunctionn.逻辑乘,“与”357.intervaln.间歇,区间patibilityn.兼容性,适应性359.expressa.快速的360.volumen.卷,册,体积,容量105.rateda.额定的362.odometern.里程表,计程仪363.phoenixn.凤凰,绝世珍品108.easeln.框,(画)架365.mainframen.主机,大型机366.diacriticala.区分的,辩别的111.confidentiala.机密的368.tracev.跟踪,追踪369.divisionn.除,除法,(程序)部分114.implicita.隐式的371.mentionvt.&n.叙述,说到372.whereasconj.面,其实,既然117.transformv.&n.变换,变换式374.alignv.&n.定位,对准375.assistv.&n.加速,帮助120.uponprep.依据,遵照377.exhaustv.取尽,用完378.alphan.希腊字母α,未知数123.constantn.常数380.warrantyn.保证(书),授权381.triggern.&v.触发器;触发126.treatv.处理,加工383.allyv.联合,与⋯关联384.exclamationn.惊叹(号)254.dynamica.动态的,动力的386.foregroundn.前台387.preservevt.保存,维持257.vicen.缺点,毛病,错误389.stationarya.静止的,平稳的390.extractvt.抽取,摘录,开方4.thereafterad.此后,据此392.restructurevt.调整,重新组织393.delimitvt.定界,定义7.classifyvt.分类,分级395.interferevi.干涉,干扰,冲突396.undesirablea.不合乎需要的10.lotn.一块(批,组,套)398.insufficienta.不足的,不适当的399.salaryn.&vt.薪水;发工资13.pacifica.平稳的,太平(洋)的401.emphasizev.强调,着重,增强402.ansin.美国国家标准协会16.permanenta.永久的404.remarkn.评注,备注405.concatenatevt.连接,串联,并置19.emulatev.仿真,模仿;赶上或超过407.tapen.磁带,纸带408.conceptn.概念22.subsequentlyad.其后,其次,按着410.registrationn.登记,挂号,读数411.designatevt.任命,标志25.visiblea.可见的,明显的413.consultv.咨询,顾问414.virtuallyad.实际上28.substantiallyad.实质上,本质上416.primarilyad.首先,起初,原来417.sequentiallyad.顺序地31.clientn.顾客,买主merciala.商业的,经济的420.sheetn.(图)表,纸,片34.contextn.上下文,来龙去脉422.orienteda.有向的,定向的423.suppressedvt.抑制,取消37.subroutinen.子程序425.bracketeda.加括号的426.manuallyad.用手,手动地40.presetvt.预置428.autoindexn.自动变址(数)429.performancen.性能,实绩43.distributionn.分布,分配431.denotevt.指示,意味着,代表432.replicatevt.重复,复制46.megan.兆,百万434.conformvi.遵从,符合435.controllern.控制器49.pseudoa.假的,伪的,冒充的437.administratorn.管理人,行政人员438.ensemblen.总体,集合体52.busn.总线,信息通路440.traversev.横渡,横过,横断441.externala.外部的55.adequatea.足够的,充分的443.interpretabilityn.配合动作性444.varyv.变化,变换58.gapn.间隙,间隔,缝隙446.indexingn.变址,标引,加下标447.packagen.插件,(软件)包61.insertionn.插入,嵌入,插页449.intervenevi插入,干涉450.overflowv.溢出,上溢posev.组成,构成,构图452.snapshotn.抽点打印453.sensitivityn.灵敏度67.machn.马赫(速度单位)455.subsequenta.后来的,其次的456.capitalizeda.大写的pacta.紧致的,压缩的458.plainn.明码459.noteda.著名的73.desirablea.所希望的,称心的461.substitutionn.代替,替换,置换462.overstriken.过打印76.tornadon.旋风,龙卷风464.onesn.二进制反码465.parsevt.(语法)分析79.manufacturevt.&n.制造(业),工业467.restrictingn.&a.限制(的)468n.&a.想象(的),精制的82.finea.&ad.微小的,细的470.somewhatpron.&ad.稍微,有点471.purgev.&n.清除85.moda.&n.时髦的473.mismatchn.&vt.失配,不匹配474.ellipsisn.省略符号,省略(法)88.parallela.并行476.customa.&n.常规的,惯例;用户477.factoryn.工厂,制造厂91.implementn.&vt.工具;执行,实现479.ampersandn.&号(and)480.proprietarya.专有的94.voweln.元音,母音482.synchronizationn.同步prisevt.包括,由⋯组成97.absencen.缺少,没有485.revolutionizevt.变革,彻底改革486.constantlyad.不变地,经常地100.expungevt.擦除,删掉488.contrastn.反差,对比,对比度489.inventvt.创造,想象103.unshiftv.未移动,不移档plexityn.复杂性,复杂度492.degradev.降低,减少,递降106.suggestionn.暗示,提醒494.substantiala.实质的,真正的495.solelyad.独自,单独,只109.distributevt.分布,配线,配给497.capturevt.俘获,捕捉498reinstatevt.复原,恢复112.nicetyn.细节,精细500.rolln.&v.案卷;卷动,滚动501.exponentn.指数,阶,幂115.exponentiala.指数的,幂的,阶的plicatedv.使复杂化,使混乱504.reactivatev.使恢复活动118.synchronizev.使同步506.formationn.构造,结构,形成man.逗号“,”,逗点121.inexperienceda.不熟练的,外行的509.noninteractivea.不相关的,非交互的510.chartn.图(表) 124.dearlyad.极,非常,昂贵地512.placementn.布局513.stampn.图章127.equationn.方程,方程式515.discardv.删除,废除,放弃516.regardvt.考虑,注意,关系255.potentiallyad.可能地,大概地518.moreoverad.况且,并且,此外519.shieldv.屏蔽,罩,防护258.transactionn.事项,事务,学报521.emulationn.仿真,仿效522.dumpv.(内存信息)转储5.loggeda.记录的,浸透的524.waren.仪器,商品525.disregardvt.轻视,把⋯忽略不计parisonn.比较,对照527.programmablea.可编程的528.definablea.可定义的,可确定的11.employevt.使用,花费530.defectivea.故障的,有毛病的531interpretablea.彼此协作的14.fourscoren.八十533.procedurala.程序上的534.penaltyn.惩罚,罚款,负担17.violatevt.违犯,妨碍,破坏536.indefinitelyad.无限地,无穷地537.cropv.切,剪切20.diagonallyad.斜(对)539.availv.&n.有益于;利益540.hangv.中止,暂停,挂起23.crazen.&v.裂纹开裂542.acknowledgmentn.接收(收妥),承认543.bypassn.旁路26.grantvt.允许,授权545.logarithmn.对数546.resolvev.分辨,解像29.separatorn.分隔符548.assortmentn.种类,花色品种549.growingn.分类,分组,成群32.scattereda.分散的551.superimposevt.重叠,叠加552.reorganizationvt.重排,改组35.detervt.阻止,拦住,妨碍554.momentn.矩,力矩,磁矩555.rectangulara.矩形的,成直角的38.tagn.特征,标记,标识符557.manipulatingv.操纵,操作558.maskingn.掩蔽,屏蔽41.demonstratev.论证,证明,证实560.turnkeyn.总控钥匙561.suspensionn.暂停,中止,挂起44.seamlessa.无缝的563.clippern.限幅器,钳位器564.unformatteda.无格式的47.redundanta.冗余的566.dependenta.相关的567.contiguousa.相连的,邻接的50.associationn.结合,协会,联想569.interpretv.解释570assemblev.汇编,装配53.cad计算机辅助设计572.arithmeticn.算术,运算5737.sufficienta.充足的,足够的56.blastv.&n.清除;爆炸575.caretn.插入符号576.socketn.插座,插孔,插口577stateda.规定的578.protocoln.规约,协议,规程579.esoterica.深奥的,奥秘的59.successivea.逐次的,相继的581.chunkn.厚块,大部分582.alignmentn.序列,成直线62.indentationn.缩进,缩排584.terminologyn.术语585.ascendinga.增长的,向上的65.obsoletea.作废的,过时的587.accommodatev.调节,适应588.motifn.主题,要点,特色68.distinctionn.区别,相异,特性590.fundamentala.基本的,根本的591.underlyinga.基础的,根本的71.iterativea.迭代的593.charmn.吸引力594.hitv.命中,瞬时干扰74.exceededa.过度的,非常的596.numericala.数量的,数字的bon.二进位组合码。

计算机专业英语第6—8单元翻译

计算机专业英语第6—8单元翻译

CHAPTER 619. SYSTEM UNIT (P150)The system unit, also known as the system cabinet, is a container that houses most系统单元该系统的单位,又称系统机柜,是一个容器,里面大部分构成一个计算机系统的电子元件。

所有的计算机系统有一个系统单位。

微型计算机中,有四种基本类型:桌面系统的单位,笔记本电脑系统的单位,平板电脑系统的单位,掌上电脑系统的单位2. SYSTEM BOARD (P153)The system board is also known as the motherboard. The system board is the系统板也被称为主板。

系统板是整个计算机系统的通信媒介。

系统单位的每一个组件连接到系统板上。

它作为一个数据的各个组成部分互相沟通的路径。

外部设备,如键盘,鼠标和显示器无法沟通与系统的单位没有系统板。

21. (P154)Sockets provide a connection point for small specialized electronic parts called套接字提供了一个小的芯片专门的电子零件的连接点。

芯片由微小的电路板蚀刻到硅sandlike材料的平方。

这些电路板可小于指尖。

A芯片也被称为一个硅芯片,半导体,集成电路。

芯片安装在载体上的包。

这些包直接插入系统板上的插座上或卡,然后插入到系统板上的插槽。

插座是用来连接各种不同类型的芯片,包括微处理器和内存芯片的系统板。

22. MICROPROCESSOR (P155)In a microcomputer system, the central processing unit (CPU) or processor is 在微机系统中,中央处理单元(CPU)或处理器包含一个单一的芯片上称为微处理器。

计算机专业英语教程 第四版 部分翻译和简答题

计算机专业英语教程 第四版 部分翻译和简答题

翻译:1、C++’s advantages include strong typing, operator overloading, and less emphasis on the preprocessor.C++的优点包括强类型,运算符重载和较少地强调预处理器。

2、A program instruction or a piece of data is stored in a specific primary storage location called an address.程序指令和数据是存储在主存中一个特殊的位置,称为地址空间3、A high-level language is an artificial language with which we can write various instructions. This is possible not because computer processors are now so technologically advanced that they can ‘understand’ these langu ages. You should translate from programming languages into machine language which can be understood by the computer processors. Compilers can accomplish this task. This does mean that a high-level language program is not directly executable: it must be compiled to produce processor program, which is executable.高级语言是一门人工的我们可以写入各种各样指令的语言。

计算机专业英语名词(缩写及翻译)

计算机专业英语名词(缩写及翻译)

AAT(Average access time,平均存取时间)ABS(Auto Balance System,自动平衡系统)AM(Acoustic Management,声音管理)ASC(Advanced Size Check,高级尺寸检查)ASMO(Advanced Storage Magneto-Optical,增强形光学存储器)AST(Average Seek time,平均寻道时间)ATA(Advanced Technology Attachment,高级技术附加装置)ATOMM(Advanced super Thin-layer and high-Output Metal Media,增强形超薄高速金属媒体)BBS(BIOS Boot Specification,基本输入/输出系统启动规范)BPI(Bit Per Inch,位/英寸)bps(bit per second,位/秒)bps(byte per second,字节/秒)CAM(Common Access Model,公共存取模型)CF(CompactFlash Card,紧凑型闪存卡)CHS(Cylinders、Heads、Sectors,柱面、磁头、扇区)CSS(Common Command Set,通用指令集)DBI(dynamic bus inversion,动态总线倒置)DIT(Disk Inspection Test,磁盘检查测试)DMA(Direct Memory Access,直接内存存取)DTR(Disk Transfer Rate,磁盘传输率)EIDE(enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics,增强形电子集成驱动器)eSATA(External Serial ATA,扩展型串行ATA)FDB(fluid-dynamic bearings,动态轴承)FAT(File Allocation T ables,文件分配表)FC(Fibre Channel,光纤通道)FDBM(Fluid dynamic bearing motors,液态轴承马达)FDB(Fluid Dynamic Bearing,非固定动态轴承)FDC(Floppy Disk Controller,软盘驱动器控制装置)FDD(Floppy Disk Driver,软盘驱动器)GMR(giant magnetoresistive,巨型磁阻)HDA(Head Disk Assembly,头盘组件)HiFD(high-capacity floppy disk,高容量软盘)IDE(Integrated Drive Electronics,电子集成驱动器)IPEAK SPT(Intel Performance Evaluation and Analysis Kit - Storage Performance Toolkit,英特尔性能评估和分析套件- 存储性能工具包)JBOD(Just a Bunch Of Disks,磁盘连续捆束阵列)LBA(Logical Block Addressing,逻辑块寻址)MR(Magneto-resistive Heads,磁阻磁头)MBR(Master Boot Record,主引导记录)ms(Millisecond,毫秒)MSR(Magnetically induced Super Resolution,磁感应超分辨率)MTBF(Mean Time Before Failure,平均无故障时间)NQC(Native Queuing Command,内部序列命令)NTFS(Net Technology File System,新技术文件系统)OTF(on-the-fly,高速数据传输错误纠正)PCBA(Pring Circuit Board Assembly,印刷电路电路板组件)PIO(Programmed Input Output,可编程输入输出模式)PRML(Partial Response Maximum Likelihood,最大可能部分反应,用于提高磁盘读写传输率)RAID(Redundant Array of Independent Disks,独立磁盘冗余阵列)RAID(Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks ,廉价磁盘冗余阵列)RPM(Rotation Per Minute,转/分)RSD: Removable Storage Device(移动式存储设备)RST(Read Service Times,读取服务时间)SAMS(Seagate's Advanced Multi Drive System,希捷高级多硬盘系统)SAS(Serial Attached SCSI,串行SCSI)SATA(Serial ATA,串行ATA)SBT(sound barrier technology,声音阻碍技术)SCSI(Small Computer System Interface,小型计算机系统接口)SCMA:SCSI Configured Auto Magically,SCSI自动配置SLDRAM(Synchnonous Link DRAM,同步链路内存)S.M.A.R.T.(Self-Monitoring, Analysis and ReportingTechnology,自动监测、分析和报告技术)SPS(Shock Protection System,抗震保护系统)SSO(simultaneously switching outputs,同时开关输出)STA(SCSI Trade Association,SCSI同业公会)STR(sequential transfer rates,连续内部数据传输率)TCQ(tagged command queuing,标签命令序列)TFI(Thin-Film Inducted Heads,薄膜感应磁头)TPI (Track Per Inch,磁道/英寸)Ultra CF(Ultra CompactFlash Card,超级紧凑型闪存卡)Ultra DMA(Ultra Direct Memory Access,超高速直接内存存取)LVD(Low Voltage Differential)Wpcom(Write-Precompensation Cylinders,写电流补偿柱面数)WST(Write Service Times,写入服务时间)AAM(Automatic Acoustic Management,自动机械声学管理)CBDS(Continuous Background Defect Scanning,连续后台错误扫描)DiscWizard(磁盘控制软件)DST(Drive Self Test,磁盘自检程序)SeaShield(防静电防撞击外壳)ADIP(Address In Pre-Groove,预凹槽寻址)ASPI(Advanced SCSI Programming Interface,高级SCSI可编程接口)ATAPI(AT Attachment Packet Interface,AT扩展包接口)BCF(Boot Catalog File,启动目录文件)BURN-Proof(Buffer UnderRuN-Proof,防止缓冲区溢出,三洋的刻录保护技术)BIF(Boot Image File,启动映像文件)CAV(Constant Angular Velocity,恒定角速度)CD(Compact Disc)CDR(CD Recordable,可记录光盘)CD-ROM/XA(CD-ROM eXtended Architecture,唯读光盘增强形架构)CDRW(CD-Rewritable,可重复刻录光盘)CLV(Constant Linear Velocity,恒定线速度)DAE(digital Audio Extraction,数据音频抓取)DAO(Disc At Once,整盘刻录)DAO-RAW(Disc At Once Read after Write,整盘刻录-写后读)DDSS(Double Dynamic Suspension System,双悬浮动态减震系统)DDSS II(Double Dynamic Suspension System II,第二代双层动力悬吊系统)DVD(Digital Video/Versatile Disk,数字视频/万能光盘)DVD-R(DVD Recordable,可记录DVD盘)DVD-RW(DVD Rewritable,可重复刻录DVD盘)DVD-RAM(Digital Video/Versatile Disk - Random AccessMemory,随机存储数字视频/万能光盘)ESER(EAC Secure Extract Ripping,EAC安全抓取复制)GM(Glass Mould,玻璃铸制)GSM(Galvanization Superconductive Material,电镀锌超导材料)IPW(Incremental Packet Writing,增量包刻录)LIMDOW(Light Intensity Modulation Direct OverWrite,光学调制直接覆盖)LG(Land Groove,岸地凹槽)MAMMOS(magnetic amplifying magneto-optical system,磁畴放大播放系统)MD(MiniDisc,微型光盘)ML(multi-level,多层光盘技术)MO(Magneto Optical,磁光盘)OTF(On The Fly,飞速刻录)OWSC(Optimum Write Speed Control、优化写入速度控制)PCAV(Part Constant Angular Velocity,部分恒定角速度)PPLS(Pure Phase Laser System,纯相位激光系统)RS-PC(Reed-Solomon Product Code,里德所罗门编码)RLL(Run Length limited,运行长度限制码)SACD(Super Audio CD,超级音频CD)SAO(Sessino At Once,区段刻录)SARC(Super-Advanced Rapid Cooling,超高级快速冷却)SC(Spin Coat,旋转覆盖)SCM(Spin Coat Method,旋压覆盖法)SLL(SeamLess Link,无缝连接)SMT(Superconductive Microtherm Technology,超导体散热材料)Super RENS(super resolution near-field structure,超精细近场结构)TAO(Track At Once,轨道刻录)TBW(Thermo Balanced Writing,热电平衡写入)VCD(Video COMPACT DISC,视频CD)VIPC(Intelligent Variable Power Correct,智能变功纠错技术)WD(Working Distance,工作距离)SOS(Smart Object Salvation,智能目标分析拯救系统)TADS(Target Acquisition and Designantion For DVD,DVD目标获取和指定)AAS(Automatic Area Seagment?)dpi(dot per inch,每英寸的打印像素)ECP(Extended Capabilities Port,延长能力端口)EPP(Enhanced Parallel Port,增强形平行接口)IPP(Internet Printing Protocol,因特网打印协议)MPT(Micro Piezo Technology,微针点压电)ppm(paper per minute,页/分)SPP(Standard Parallel Port,标准并行口)TA(Thermo Autochrome,全彩色感热式热感打印)TB(Thermal Bubble,热泡式)TET(Text Enhanced Technology,文本增强技术)USBDCDPD(Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Printing Devices,打印设备的通用串行总线级标准)VD(Variable Dot,变点式列印)CIS(Contact Image Sensors,接触图像传感器)TWAIN(Toolkit Without An Interesting Name,无注名工具包协议)ADT(Advanced DRAM Technology,高级内存技术)ANSI(American National Standards Institute,美国国立标准协会)BAD(Best Amiga Dominators)CBF: Cable Broadband Forum,电缆宽带论坛CEA(Consumer Electronics Association,消费者电子协会)CEMA(Consumer Electronics Manufacturing Association(消费者电子制造业协会)CPE: Customer Premise Equipment(用户预定设备)CSA(Canadian Standards Association,加拿大标准协会)DCA: Defense Communication Agency,国防部通信局DOJ: Department of Justice(反不正当竞争部门)DSP: Delivery Service Partner(交付服务合伙人)DVB:Digital Video Broadcasting,数字视频广播E3(Electronic Entertainment Expo,电子娱乐展览会)EFF: Electronic Frontier Foundation(电子前线基金会)EPA(Environmental Protection Agency,美国环境保护局)ETRI(Electronics and Telecommunications ResearchInstitute,电子和电信研究协会)FCC(Federal Communications Commission,联邦通信委员会)FTC(Federal Trade Commission,联邦商业委员会)GDC(Game Developer Conference,游戏发展商会议)HTTC(HyperTransport Technology Consortium,HyperTransport技术协会)ICT(Information and Communications Technology,信息和通讯技术)IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission,国际电子技术委员会)ISSCC(International Solid-State Circuits Conference,国际晶体管电路讨论会)ICSA: International Computer SecurityAssociation(国际计算机安全协会),它的前身为NCSA(National ComputerSecurity Association,国家计算机安全协会)ITU(International Telecommunications Union,国际电信同盟)IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,电子电路工程师协会)IETF(Internet Engineering T ask Force,因特网工程任务组)IFWP: International Forum White Paper,国际白皮书论坛ISC(International Steering Committee,国际筹划指导委员会)ISO/MPEG: International Standard Organization's Moving PictureExpert Group(国际标准化组织的活动图片专家组)ISOM(International Symposium on Optical Memory,光盘国际会议)ISSCC(IEEE International Solid-State CircuitsConference,IEEE国际固态电路协议)ITAA: Information Technology Association of American,美国信息技术协会ITWG(international technology working groups,国际技术工作组)JCIA(Japan Camera Industry Association,日本摄影机工业协会)。

计算机专业英语课文(第四版)全文翻译

计算机专业英语课文(第四版)全文翻译

1.2 总线互连总线是连接两个或多个设备的通信通路。

总线的关键特征是,它是一条共享传输介质。

多个设备连接到总线上,任一个设备发出的信号可以为其他所有连接到总线上的设备所接收。

如果两个设备同时传送,它们的信号将会重叠,引起混淆。

因此,一次只能有一个设备成功地(利用总线)发送数据。

典型的情况是,总线由多条通信通路或线路组成,每条线(路)能够传送代表二进制1和0的信号。

一段时间里,一条线能传送一串二进制数字。

总线的几条线放在一起能同时并行传送二进制数字。

例如, 一个8位的数据能在8条总线线上传送。

计算机系统包含有多种不同的总线,它们在计算机系统层次结构的各个层次提供部件之间的通路。

连接主要计算机部件(处理机, 存储器, I/O)的总线称为系统总线。

系统总线通常由50~100条分立的(导)线组成。

每条线被赋予一个特定的含义或功能。

虽然有许多不同的总线设计,但任何总线上的线都可以分成三个功能组:数据线、地址线和控制线。

此外可能还有为连接的模块提供电源的电源线。

数据线提供系统模块间传送数据的路径,这些线组合在一起称为数据总线。

典型的数据总线包含8、16或32根线,线的数量称为数据总线的宽度。

因为每条线每次传送1位,所以线的数目决定了每次能同时传送多少位。

数据总线的宽度是决定系统总体性能的关键因素。

地址线用于指定数据总线上数据的来源和去向。

例如,如果处理机希望从存储器中读一个字的数据,它将所需要字的地址放在地址线上。

显然,地址总线的宽度决定了系统最大可能的存储器容量。

控制线用来控制对数据线和地址线的访问和使用。

由于数据线和地址线被所有部件共享,因此必须用一种方法来控制它们的使用。

控制信号在系统模块之间传送命令和定时信息。

定时信息指定了数据和地址信息的有效性,命令信号指定了要执行的操作。

大多数计算机系统使用多总线,这些总线通常设计成层次结构。

图1.3显示了一个典型的高性能体系结构。

一条局部总线把处理机连接到高速缓存控制器,而高速缓存控制器又连接到支持主存储器的系统总线上。

计算机专业英语词汇

计算机专业英语词汇

mand n. 命令,指令2. line n. (数据,程序)行,线路3. display vt. 显示,显示器4. format n. 格式5. cursor n. 光标6. directory n. 目录,索引簿7.current n. 电流8.screen n. 屏幕,屏;v. 屏蔽9.. specify v. 指定,规定,确定10. disk n. 盘,磁盘11. drive v. 驱动;n. 驱动器12. database n. 数据库13. enter v. 键入,送入14.margin n. 余量,边缘,边际15. procedure n. 过程,程序,工序16. dialog n. & vt. 对话17.insert vt. 插入18. item n. 项,项目,条款19.edit vt. 编辑,编排,编篡20.parameter n. 参数,参变量21. variable a. 可变的;n. 变量22. function n. 函数,功能,操作23. button n. 按钮24. index n. 索引,变址,指数25. setting n. 设置,调整26. desire v. & n. 期望27 . switch n. & v. 开关,转换,切换 28. default v. 缺省,预置,约定29. enable vt. 启动,恢复正常操作30. filename n. 文件名31. prompt n. & v. 提示32. execute v. 实行,实施33. extension n. 扩充,延伸34. argument n. 变元,自变量35. shift v. 转义,换档,移位36. store n. & vt. 存储,存储器37. scroll vt. 上滚(卷);n. 纸卷38. macro n. 宏,宏功能,宏指令39. define vt. 定义,规定,分辨40. reference n. & a. 参考;参考的41. restore vt. 恢复,复原42. block n. (字,信息,数据)块43. decimal n. & a. 十进制;十进制的44. definition n. 定义,确实,清晰度45. arrow n. 箭头,指针46. label n. 标签,标号,标识符47. issue v. 发行,出版,流出48. available a. 可用的49. attribute n. 属性,标志,表征50. dos 磁盘操作系统51. modify vt. 修改,改变,变址52. bottom n. & a. 底,基础;底下的53. carriage n. 滑架,托架54. content n. 含量,容量,内容55. scope n. 范围,显示器56. paragraph n. 段(落),节,短讯57. execution n. 执行58. backup n. 备份,后备,后援59. pointer n. 指针,指示字60. subset n. 子集,子设备61. keyboard n. 键盘62. positioning n. 定位63. toggle n. & v. 触发器;系紧64. device n. 设备,器件,装置65.indicate vt. 指示,表示66. rename vt. 更名,改名67. combination n. 结合,组合68. profile n. 简要,剖面,概貌69. split v. 分开,分离70. access n. 存取,选取,接近71. document n. 文献,资料,文件72. reflow v. & n. 回流,逆流73. install vt. 安装74. assign vt. 赋值,指定,分派75. specific a. 特殊的,具体的76. diskette n. 软磁盘,软盘片77. confirmation n. 认可78. abbreviate vt. 缩写,省略79. delimiter n. 定界符,分界符80. graphic n. & a. 图形;图形的81. confirm vt. 证实,确认82. clause n. 条款,项目,子句83. correspond vi. 通信(联系) 84. property n. 性(质),特征85. bracket n. (方)括号,等级86. omit vt. 省略,删去,遗漏87. sub-directory n. 子目录88. instruction n. 指令,指导89. ascii n. 美国信息交换标准码90. append vt. 附加,增补91. buffer n. 缓冲器92. coprocessor n. 协同处理器93. overlay v. 覆盖,重叠94. navigation n. 导航95. shortcut n. 近路,捷径96. assigned a. 指定的,赋值的97. match v. 比较,匹配,符合98. release vt. & n. 释放,核发,版99. deletion n. 删去(部分),删除100. alias n. 别名,代号,标记101. quote n. & v. 引号;加引号102. maximum n. & a. 最大(的),最高103. switching n. 开关,转接,交换104. element n. 元件,元素,码元105. modification n. 改变,修改106. modified a. 修改的,变更的107. uppercase n. 大写字母108. force v. & n. 强制;压力,强度109. lowercase n. 下档,小写体110. undo vt. 取消,废除111. environ vt. 围绕,包围112. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的113. encounter v. & n. 遇到,碰到114. wildcard n. 通配符115. spill v. 漏出,溢出,漏失116. browse v. 浏览117. memo n. 备忘录118. prior a. 先验的,优先的119. variant n. & a. 变体,易变的120. floppy n. 软磁盘121. supply vt. & n. 电源,供给122. module n. 模块(程序设计) 123. monochrome n. 单色124. assistance n. 辅助设备,帮助125. demonstration n. (公开)表演,示范126 . template n. 标准框,样板,模板127. linker n. 连接程序128. process vt. 处理,进程,加工129. refer v. 访问,引用,涉及130. overview n. 综述,概要131. syntax n. 语法,文法,句法132. abbreviation n. 缩短,省略,简称133. bios n. 基本输入/输出系统134. minus a. & n. 负的;负数,减135. alternate a. 交替的,备用的136. collapse v. 崩溃,破裂137. interpreter n. 解释程序,翻译机138. slash n. 斜线139. utility n. & a. 实用程序;实用性140. regardless a. 不注意的,不考虑的141. compatible a. 可兼容的,可共存的142. alphabetical a. 字母(表)的,abc的 143. resume v. 重(新)开(始) 144. multiple a. 多次的,复杂的145. monitor n. 监视器,监督程序146. configuration n. 配置147. aboveboard ad. & a. 照直,公开的148. eject n. 弹出149. sequence n. 顺序,时序,序列150. consist vi. 符合,包括151. valid a. 有效的152. suspend v. 中止,暂停,挂起153. enhance vt. 增强,放大,夸张154. separate v. & a. 分隔,分离,各自的155. echo n. 回波,反射波156. comment n. & vi. 注解,注释157. prevent v. 防止,预防158. pressed a. 加压的,压缩的159. dimension n. 尺寸,维,因次160. boundary n. 边界,界限,约束161. zoom v. 变焦距162. initialize v. 初始化163. hello int. & v. 喂!;呼叫164. font n. 铅字,字形165. convert v. 转换,变换166. global n. 全局,全程,全局符167. invoke vt. 调用,请求168. interactive a. 交互式,交互的169. described a. 被看到的,被发现的170. exclusive a. 排斥,排它性171. adapter n. 适配器,转换器172. filter n. 滤波器,滤光材料173. dual a. 对偶的,双的174. equivalent a. 相等的,等效的175. storage n. 存储,存储器176. startup n. 启动177. resident a. 驻留的178. designated a. 指定的,特指的179. pertain vi. 附属,属于,关于180. expansion n. 展开,展开式181. incompatible a. 不兼容的182. blinking n. 闪烁183. precede v. 先于184. transportable a. 可移动的185. routine n. 程序,例行程序186. session n. 对话,通话187. redraw vt. 再拉188. manual a. 手工的,手动的189. assembly n. 汇编,安装,装配190. copyright n. 版权191. retrieve v. 检索192. ram 随机存取存储器193. exception n. 例外,异常,异议194. minimum n. & a. 最小(的),最低195. reindex v. & n. 变换(改变)符号196. compile vt. 编译197. undefined a. 未定义的198. tick v;n. 滴答(响);勾号(√) 199. intense a. 强烈的,高度的200. documentation n. 文件编制,文本201. asterisk n. 星号(*)202. interface n. 接口203. pause vi. 暂停204. assumed a. 假定的205. entry n. 输入,项(目),入口206. formatting n. 格式化207. symbol n. 符号,记号208. binary n. & a. 二进制;双态的209. subtotal n. & v. 小计,求部分和210. partition v. 划分,分区,部分211. hexadecimal a. 十六进制的212. generate vt. 产生,发生,生成213. specification n. 说明书,规则说明书214. customize vt. 定制,定做215. nest v. 嵌套,后进先出216. duplicate vt. 复制,转录,加倍217. compression n. 压缩,浓缩218. alternately ad. 交替地,轮流地219. intensity n. 强度,亮度220. explicitly ad. 明显地,显然地221. sector n. & v. 扇区,段;分段222. vertically ad. 竖直地,直立地223. horizontally ad. 水平地224. backspace v. 退格,回退225. terminate v. 端接,终止226. drag vt. 拖,拉,牵,曳227. formatted a. 有格式的228. underscore vt. 在…下面划线229. initially ad. 最初,开头230. reformat v. 重定格式231. integrate v. 综合,集成232. trailing n. & a. 结尾;尾随的233. indent v. 缩排234. integer n. 整数235. subscript n. 注脚,下标236. secondary a. 辅助的,第二的237. colon n. 冒号“:”238. allocate vt. 分配239. wordperfect a. 一字不错地熟记的240. verify vt. 鉴定,检验,核对241. emulator n. 仿真器,仿真程序 242. splitting n. 分区(裂) 243. console n. 控制台,操作台244. kernel n. 内核(核心)程序245. modifier n. 修改量,变址数246. invalid a. 无效的247. compiler n. 编译程序(器) 248. dot n. 点249. beep n. 蜂鸣声,嘀嘀声250. random a. 随机的251. facility n. 设施,装备,便利252. asynchronous a. 异步的,非同步的253. paste n. 湖,胶,膏254. respect n. & vt. 遵守,关系255. hyphen n. 连字符,短线256. serial a. 串行的,串联的257. retain vt. 保持,维持258. signal n. & v. 信号;发信号259. cpu 控制处理部件260. deactivate vt. 释放,去活化261. initial a. 最初的,初始的262. corrupt v. & a. 恶化;有毛病的263. host n. 主机264. pending a. 悬而未决的,未定的265. boot n. 引导,靴266. magenta n. & a. 深红色(的) 267. opposite a. & n. & ad. 相反的268. override v. & n. 超越,克服269. hex a. & n. 六角形的270. instant a. 立刻的,直接的271. kilobyte n. 千字节(kb) 272. parenthesis n. 括弧,圆括号273. murder n. 弄坏,毁掉274. flush v. 弄平,使齐平275. consecutive a. 连续的,连贯的276. addressing n. 寻址277. prefix n. 前缀278. carousel n. 圆盘传送带279. static a. 静态的,不变的280. assignment n. 赋值,分配281. respectively ad. 分别地282. navigate v. 导航,驾驶283. due a. 到期的,应付(给)的284. descend v. 下降,落下285. alter v. 改变,修改286. track n. 磁道,轨道287. precedence n. 优先权288. skeleton n. 骨架,框架289. log n. & v. 记录,存入290. accessible a. 可以使用的291. configure vt. 使成形292. declared a. 承认的,申报的293. compress vt. 压缩,精减294. graphically ad. 用图表表示295. automatic a. 自动的296. aligned a. 对准的,均衡的 297. terminal n. 终端,端子298. expire v. 终止,期满299. resolution n. 分辨率300. semicolon n. 分号(;)301. critical a. & n. 临界的;临界值302. border n. 边界,框,界限303. cache n. 高速缓存304. fastback n. 快速返回305. hercules n. 大力神,大力士306. trim n. 区标,微调307. substitute v. 代替,替换,代入308. upgrade v. 升级,提高质量309. instance n. & vt. 例子,情况;举例310. elapsed vi. & n. 经过311. nor conj. 也不312. mono a. & n. 单音的313. abort v. & n. 中断,故障314. scatter v. 散射,分散,散布315. convention n. 常规,约定,协定316. conventional a. 常规的,习惯的317. handler n. 处理程序318. processor n. 处理机,处理程序319. desktop a. 台式的320. development n. 开发,研制,显影321. exceed v. 超过,大于322. horizontal a. 水平的,横向的323. alphabetically ad. 按字母表顺序324. reserve vt. 保留,预定,预约325. manifest vt. 表明,显示,显现326. disconnect vt. 拆接,断开,拆线327. clockwise a. 顺时针的328. eliminate vt. 除去,消除,切断329.declaration n. 说明,申报330. icon n. 图符,象征331. layout n. 布置,布局,安排332. appendix n. 附录333. truncate vt. 截尾,截断334. inhibit vt. 禁止 335. register n. 寄存器 336. stuff n. & vt. 材料;装入337. exclude vt. 排除,除去338. lexical a. 辞典的,词法的339. port n. 端口,进出口340. segment n. 段,片段,图块341. identically ad. 相等,恒等342. permanently ad. 永久地,持久地343. accelerator n. 加速装置,加速剂 344. originally ad. 原来,最初345. internally ad. 在内(部) 346. derelict vt. 中途淘汰347. redirect vt. 重定向348. reside vi. 驻留349. header n. 首部,标题,报头350. extra a. 特别的,额外的351. density n. 密度352. master a. 总要的,总的353. recursive a. 递归的,循环的 354. trap n. & vt. 陷阱;俘获355. dimensional n. 尺寸的,…维的356. conjunction n. 逻辑乘,“与”357. interval n. 间歇,区间358. compatibility n. 兼容性,适应性359. express a. 快速的360. volume n. 卷,册,体积,容量361. rated a. 额定的362. odometer n. 里程表,计程仪363. phoenix n. 凤凰,绝世珍品364. easel n. 框,(画)架365. mainframe n. 主机,大型机366. diacritical a. 区分的,辩别的367. confidential a. 机密的368. trace v. 跟踪,追踪369. division n. 除,除法,(程序)部分370. implicit a. 隐式的371. mention vt. & n. 叙述,说到 372. whereas conj. 面,其实,既然373. transform v. & n. 变换,变换式374. align v. & n. 定位,对准375. assist v. & n. 加速,帮助376. upon prep. 依据,遵照377. exhaust v. 取尽,用完378. alpha n. 希腊字母α,未知数379. constant n. 常数380. warranty n. 保证(书),授权381. trigger n. & v. 触发器;触发382. treat v. 处理,加工383. ally v. 联合,与…关联384. exclamation n. 惊叹(号) 385. dynamic a. 动态的,动力的386. foreground n. 前台387. preserve vt. 保存,维持388. vice n. 缺点,毛病,错误 389. stationary a. 静止的,平稳的390. extract vt. 抽取,摘录,开方391. thereafter ad. 此后,据此392. restructure vt. 调整,重新组织393. delimit vt. 定界,定义394. classify vt. 分类,分级395. interfere vi. 干涉,干扰,冲突396. undesirable a. 不合乎需要的397. lot n. 一块(批,组,套) 398. insufficient a. 不足的,不适当的399. salary n. & vt. 薪水;发工资400. pacific a. 平稳的,太平(洋)的401. emphasize v. 强调,着重,增强402. ansi n. 美国国家标准协会403. permanent a. 永久的404. remark n. 评注,备注405. concatenate vt. 连接,串联,并置406. emulate v. 仿真,模仿;赶上或超过407. tape n. 磁带,纸带408. concept n. 概念409. subsequently ad. 其后,其次,按着 410. registration n. 登记,挂号,读数411. designate vt. 任命,标志412. visible a. 可见的,明显的413. consult v. 咨询,顾问414. virtually ad. 实际上415. substantially ad. 实质上,本质上416. primarily ad. 首先,起初,原来 417. sequentially ad. 顺序地418. client n. 顾客,买主419. commercial a. 商业的,经济的420. sheet n. (图)表,纸,片421. context n. 上下文,来龙去脉422. oriented a. 有向的,定向的423. suppressed vt. 抑制,取消424. subroutine n. 子程序425. bracketed a. 加括号的426. manually ad. 用手,手动地427. preset vt. 预置428. autoindex n. 自动变址(数) 429. performance n. 性能,实绩430. distribution n. 分布,分配431. denote vt. 指示,意味着,代表432. replicate vt. 重复,复制433. mega n. 兆,百万 434. conform vi. 遵从,符合435. controller n. 控制器436. pseudo a. 假的,伪的,冒充的437. administrator n. 管理人,行政人员438. ensemble n. 总体,集合体439. bus n. 总线,信息通路440. traverse v. 横渡,横过,横断441. external a. 外部的442. adequate a. 足够的,充分的443. interpretability n. 配合动作性444. vary v. 变化,变换445. gap n. 间隙,间隔,缝隙446. indexing n. 变址,标引,加下标447. package n. 插件,(软件)包448. insertion n. 插入,嵌入,插页449. intervene vi插入,干涉450. overflow v. 溢出,上溢451. compose v. 组成,构成,构图452. snapshot n. 抽点打印453. sensitivity n. 灵敏度454. mach n. 马赫(速度单位) 455. subsequent a. 后来的,其次的456. capitalized a. 大写的457. compact a. 紧致的,压缩的 458. plain n. 明码459. noted a. 著名的460. desirable a. 所希望的,称心的461. substitution n. 代替,替换,置换462. overstrike n. 过打印463. tornado n. 旋风,龙卷风464. ones n. 二进制反码465. parse vt. (语法)分析466. manufacture vt. & n. 制造(业),工业467. restricting n. & a. 限制(的) 468 n. & a. 想象(的),精制的469. fine a. & ad. 微小的,细的470. somewhat pron. & ad. 稍微,有点471. purge v. & n. 清除472. mod a. & n. 时髦的473.mismatch n. & vt. 失配,不匹配 474. ellipsis n. 省略符号,省略(法) 475. parallel a. 并行 476. custom a. & n. 常规的,惯例;用户 477. factory n. 工厂,制造厂478. implement n. & vt. 工具;执行,实现 479. ampersand n. &号(and) 480. proprietary a. 专有的481. vowel n. 元音,母音482. synchronization n. 同步483. comprise vt. 包括,由…组成484. absence n. 缺少,没有485. revolutionize vt. 变革,彻底改革486. constantly ad. 不变地,经常地487. expunge vt. 擦除,删掉488. contrast n. 反差,对比,对比度489. invent vt. 创造,想象490. unshift v. 未移动,不移档 491. complexity n. 复杂性,复杂度492. degrade v. 降低,减少,递降493. suggestion n. 暗示,提醒494. substantial a. 实质的,真正的495. solely ad. 独自,单独,只496. distribute vt. 分布,配线,配给497. capture vt. 俘获,捕捉498 reinstate vt. 复原,恢复499. nicety n. 细节,精细500. roll n. & v. 案卷;卷动,滚动501. exponent n. 指数,阶,幂502. exponential a. 指数的,幂的,阶的503. complicated v. 使复杂化,使混乱504. reactivate v. 使恢复活动505. synchronize v. 使同步506. formation n. 构造,结构,形成507. comma n. 逗号“,”,逗点508. inexperienced a. 不熟练的,外行的509. noninteractive a. 不相关的,非交互的 510. chart n. 图(表)511. dearly ad. 极,非常,昂贵地512. placement n. 布局513. stamp n. 图章514. equation n. 方程,方程式515. discard v. 删除,废除,放弃516. regard vt. 考虑,注意,关系517. potentially ad. 可能地,大概地 518. moreover ad. 况且,并且,此外519. shield v. 屏蔽,罩,防护520. transaction n. 事项,事务,学报521. emulation n. 仿真,仿效 522. dump v. (内存信息)转储523. logged a. 记录的,浸透的524. ware n. 仪器,商品525. disregard vt. 轻视,把…忽略不计526. comparison n. 比较,对照527. programmable a. 可编程的 528. definable a. 可定义的,可确定的529. employe vt. 使用,花费530. defective a. 故障的,有毛病的531 interpretable a. 彼此协作的532. fourscore n. 八十533. procedural a. 程序上的 534. penalty n. 惩罚,罚款,负担535. violate vt. 违犯,妨碍,破坏536. indefinitely ad. 无限地,无穷地537. crop v. 切,剪切538. diagonally ad. 斜(对) 539. avail v. & n. 有益于;利益540. hang v. 中止,暂停,挂起541. craze n. & v. 裂纹开裂 542. acknowledgment n. 接收(收妥),承认543. bypass n. 旁路544. grant vt. 允许,授权545. logarithm n. 对数546. resolve v. 分辨,解像547. separator n. 分隔符548. assortment n. 种类,花色品种 549. growing n. 分类,分组,成群550. scattered a. 分散的551. superimpose vt. 重叠,叠加552. reorganization vt. 重排,改组553. deter vt. 阻止,拦住,妨碍554. moment n. 矩,力矩,磁矩555. rectangular a. 矩形的,成直角的556. tag n. 特征,标记,标识符 557. manipulating v. 操纵,操作558. masking n. 掩蔽,屏蔽559. demonstrate v. 论证,证明,证实560. turnkey n. 总控钥匙561. suspension n. 暂停,中止,挂起562. seamless a. 无缝的563. clipper n. 限幅器,钳位器564. unformatted a. 无格式的565. redundant a. 冗余的566. dependent a. 相关的567. contiguous a. 相连的,邻接的568. association n. 结合,协会,联想569. interpret v. 解释570 assemble v. 汇编,装配571. cad 计算机辅助设计572. arithmetic n. 算术,运算5737. sufficient a. 充足的,足够的574. blast v. & n. 清除;爆炸575. caret n. 插入符号576. socket n. 插座,插孔,插口577 stated a. 规定的578. protocol n. 规约,协议,规程579. esoteric a. 深奥的,奥秘的580. successive a. 逐次的,相继的581. chunk n. 厚块,大部分 582. alignment n. 序列,成直线583. indentation n. 缩进,缩排584. terminology n. 术语585. ascending a. 增长的,向上的586. obsolete a. 作废的,过时的587. accommodate v. 调节,适应588. motif n. 主题,要点,特色589. distinction n. 区别,相异,特性590. fundamental a. 基本的,根本的591. underlying a. 基础的,根本的592. iterative a. 迭代的593. charm n. 吸引力594. hit v. 命中,瞬时干扰595. exceeded a. 过度的,非常的596. numerical a. 数量的,数字的597. combo n. 二进位组合码。

计算机专业英语句子翻译

计算机专业英语句子翻译

Translation:1.When unprocessed data is sent to the computer with the help of input devices, the data isprocessed and sent to output devices.输入设备将未处理的数据发送到计算机时,数据将被处理并发送到输出设备。

2.The control unit, ALU, and registers are collectively known as a central processing unit(CPU).控制单元,ALU和寄存器统称为中央处理器(CPU)。

3.The CPU contains a special set of memory cells called registers that can be read and writtento much more rapidly than the main memory area.CPU包含一组称为寄存器的特殊存储器单元,读取和写入寄存器的速度比在主存储器更快。

4. A computer can store any kind of information in memory if it can be representednumerically.只要能表示为数字,计算机就能将任何类型的信息存储在存储器中。

5.Control systems in advanced computers may change the order of execution of someinstructions to improve performance.高级计算机中的控制系统可以改变某些指令的执行顺序以提高性能。

6.On computers that can provide parallel processing, an operating system can manage howto divide the program so that it runs on more than one processor at a time.在可以提供并行处理的电脑上,操作系统可以管理如何分解程序,以便在多个处理器中同时运行该程序。

计算机专业英语词汇词组翻译(08影印版)

计算机专业英语词汇词组翻译(08影印版)

UNIT 1application software 应用软件basic application 基础程序communication device 通讯设备compact disc(CD) 高密度磁盘computer competency 计算机能力desktop computer 台式机device driver 设备驱动程序r digital versatile disc(DVD) 数字化通用磁盘digital video disc(DVD) 数字视频光盘end user 终端用户floppy disc 软盘handheld computer 手持式计算机hard disc 硬盘highdefinition(hidef)高清晰度information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备mainframe computer 大型机midrange computer 中型机notebook computer 笔记本电脑operating system 操作系统output device 输出设备optical disc 光盘(CD和DVD 的统称)palm computer 掌上电脑personal digital assistant(PDA)个人数字助理presentation file 演示文档(PPT)primary storage 主存储器random access memory(RAM)随机存取存储器secondary storage 次级存储specialized application 专业计算机应用system software 系统软件system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC 平板电脑wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表文件UNIT 2Advanced Reasearch Project Agency Network (ARPANET)阿帕网auction house site 拍卖行网站business-to-business(B2B)企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer(B2C) 企业对消费者的电子商务模式Center for European Nuclear Research(CERN)欧洲原子能研究中心(注意是CERN而非CENR)computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件file transfer protocol(FTP) 文件传输协议Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)超文本标记语言instant messaging(IM) 即时通讯Internet security 网络安全Internet service provider(ISP) 互联网服务提供商Keyword search 关键字检索metasearch engine 元搜索引擎national service provider 国家级服务提供商online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上炒股person-to-person auction site 人与人的拍卖网站plug-in 插件程序search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名档social networking 社交网络spam blocker 垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专用搜索引擎top-level domain(TLD) 顶级域名uniform resource location(URL) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 环球即时通讯Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based application 基于Web应用Web-based services 基于Web服务Web page 网页Web utility Web实用程序Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless service provider 无线上网服务提供商UNIT 3analytical graph 分析图AutoContent wizard 内容提示向导bulleted list/numbered list 项目符号列表business suite(productivity suite)商务套装软体character effect 字符效果computer trainer 计算机教师contextual tab 情景标签(上下文选项卡)database management system(DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager 数据库管理器design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框find and replace 查找替换grammar checker 语法检查器graphical user interface(GUI) 图形用户界面home software 家用软件integrated package 集成软件包master slide 幻灯片母板menu bar 菜单栏numeric entry 数字输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人软件套装presentation graphics 演示图形relational database 关系数据库software suite 软件套件specialized suite 专业软件套装speech recognition 语音识别spelling checker 拼写检查程序user interface 用户界面utility suite 实用工具套件what-if analysis 假设分析word processor 文字处理软件word wrap 自动换行workbook file 工作表文件UNIT4 artifical intelligence 人工智能artificial reality 人造现实audio editing software 音频编辑软件bitmap image 位图clip art 剪辑艺术desktop publisher 排版者desktop publishing program 排版程序drawing program 绘图程序expert system 专家系统fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑graphical map 图形映射graphics suite 图像处理套件illustration program 插图软件image editors 图像编辑器image gallery 图像库immersive experience 拟真经历industrial robot 工业机器人knowledge base 知识库knowledge-based system 基于知识的系统mobile robot 可动机器人multimedia authoring program 多媒体编辑程序page layout program 排版程序perception system robot 感知系统机器人photo editors 照片编辑器raster image 光栅图像(位图的另一种说法)virtual reality 虚拟现实stock photograph 摄影作品story board 故事板vector illustration 矢量插画vector image 矢量图video editing software 视频编辑软件virtual environment 虚拟环境virtual reality modeling language(VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall 虚拟现实墙Web authoring 网页制作Web authoring program 网页制作程序Web log 网络日志Web page editor 网页编辑器UNIT 5Add Printer Wizard 添加打印机向导antivirus program 反病毒软件backup program 文件备份程序Boot Camp 引导营地cold boot 冷启动computer support specialist 计算机支持专家desktop operating system 桌面操作系统device driver 设备驱动diagnostic program 诊断程序dialog box 对话框Disk Cleaning 磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter 磁盘碎片整理embedded operating system 嵌入式操作系统file compression program 文件压缩程序graphic user interface 图形用户界面language translator 程序语言翻译程序network operating system(NOS)网络操作系统network server 网络服务器One Button Checkup 一键检测software environment 软件环境stand-alone operating system 单机操作系统system software 系统软件troubleshooting program 麻烦纠错程序uninstall program 卸载程序utility suite 套装工具软件warm boot 热启动UNIT 6AC adapter 交流电转接器accelerated graphics port(AGP)图形加速端口arithmetic-logic unit(ALU) 逻辑算术单元,运算器arithmetic operation 算术运算binary coding scheme 二进制编码方案binary system 二进制系统bus line 总线bus width 总线宽度cache memory 高速缓冲存储器carrier package 载波包central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器clock speed 时钟速度complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) 互补金属氧化物半导体computer technician 计算机技术员control unit 控制单元,控制器desktop system unit 桌面系统单元dual-core chips 双核心晶片expansion bus 扩展总线expansion card 扩展卡expansion slot 扩展槽FireWire bus 火线总线FireWire port 火线端口flash memory 闪存graphics card 显卡graphics coprocessor 图形协处理器handheld computer system unit掌上电脑系统单元industry standard architecture(ISA)工业标准结构Infrared Data Association(IrDA) 红外数据协会integrated circuit 集成电路logical operation 逻辑运算modem card 调制解调器卡musical instrument digital interface(MIDI)音乐设备数字接口network adapter card 网络适配卡network interface card 网络接口卡,网卡notebook system unit 笔记本电脑系统单元parallel port 并行端口parallel processing 并行处理PC card 个人计算机卡PCI Express(PCIe) 串行总线peripheral component interconnect(PCI)外部控制器接口Plug and Play 即插即用power supply unit 电源单元random-access memory 随机存储器read-only memory 只读存储器RFID tag 无线射频标签serial ATA(SATA) 串行ATAserial port 串行端口silicon chip 硅晶片smart card 智能卡sound card 声卡system board 主板system bus 系统总线system cabinet 主机箱system clock 系统时钟system unit 系统处理单元tablet PC system unit 平板电脑系统处理单元TV turner card 电视卡universal serial bus(USB) 通用串行总线virtual memory 虚拟内存UNIT7active-matrix monitor 有源矩阵显示器bar code 条形码bar code reader 条形码扫描器bar code scanner 条形码扫描器cathode-ray tube(CRT) 阴极射线管combination key 组合键cordless mouse 无线鼠标data projector 投影机digital camera 数码摄像机digital media player 数字媒体播放器digital music player 数字音乐播放器digital video player 数字视频播放器display screen 显示屏幕dot-matrix printer 点阵式打印机dot pitch 点距dots-per-inch(dpi) 每英寸点数dual-scan monitor 双向扫描显示器dumb terminal 哑终端ergonomic keyboard 人体工程学键盘fax machine 传真机flat-panel monitor 平板显示器flatbed scanner 台式扫描仪flexible keyboard 柔性键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件high-definition television(HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机intelligent terminal 智能终端Internet telephone 网络电话IP telephony ip电话laser printer 激光打印机light pen 光笔liquid crystal display(LCD) 液晶显示器magnetic-ink character recognition(MICR)磁墨水字符识别mechanical mouse 机械鼠标mouse pointer 鼠标指针multifunctional device(MFD) 多功能设备network terminal 网络终端numeric keypad 数字小键盘optical-character recognition(OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition(OMR)光标阅读器optical mouse 光电鼠标optical scanner 光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor 无源矩阵显示器personal laser printer 个人激光打印机picture elecments 像素pixel pitch 像素间距platform scanner 平版式扫描仪pointing stick 指点杆portable printer 便捷式打印机portable scanner 便携式扫描仪radio frequency card reader 射频读卡器radio frequency identification 射频识别refresh rate 刷新率roller ball 滚球shared laser printer 共享激光打印机technical writer 技术作家thermal printer 热敏打印机thin film transistor 薄膜晶体管toggle key 切换键touch pad 触摸板touch screen 触摸屏tranditional keyboard 传统键盘Universal Product Code(UPC)通用产品代码Voice over IP(VoIP)网络协议电话Voice recognition system 语音识别系统Wand reader 条形码读入器wheel button 滚轮wireless keyboard 无线键盘wireless mouse 无线鼠标UNIT 8access speed 存取速度CD-R(CD-recordable) 可录入光盘CD-ROM(compact disc-read-only memory)只读光盘CD-ROM jukebox 点唱机CD-RW(compact disc rewritable)可擦写光盘direct access 直接存取disk caching 磁盘缓存DVD-R(DVD recordable) 可录入DVD+R(DVD recordable)DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存储器DVD+ROM(DVD-read-only memory)高密度只读光盘DVD-RW(DVD rewritable) 可擦写DVD+RW(DVD rewritable)enterprise storage system 企业存储系统erasable optical disc 可擦除光盘file compression 文件压缩file decompression 文件解压缩file server 文件服务器flash memory card 闪存卡floppy disk 软盘floppy disk drive(FDD) 软驱hard disk 硬盘hard-disk cartridge 硬盘盒hard-disk pack 硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)head crash 物理碰撞high-capacity disk 高容量磁盘internal hard disk 内置硬盘Internal hard drive 内部硬盘驱动器magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape reel 磁带盒magnetic tape streamer 磁带条mass storage 大容量存储器mass storage devices 大容量存储设备optical disc 光盘organizational Internet storage 组织网络存储PC Card hard disk pc卡片硬盘RAID system 碟阵列系统redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)磁盘阵列sequential access 顺序存取software engineer 软件工程师solid-state storage 固态存储器storage device 存储设备tape cartridge 磁带盒tape library 磁带库write-protection notch 写保护等级UNIT 93G cellular network 3G移动网络analog signal 模拟信号asymmetric digital subscriber line(ASDL)非对称数字用户线路base station 基站bits per second(bps)broadcast radio 无线电波bus network 总线网络cable modem 线缆调制解调器cellular service 移动电话服务client/server network 客户端/服务器网络coaxial cable 同轴电缆communication channel 通信电路communication system 通信系统dial-up service 拨号服务digital signal 数字信号digital subscriber line 数字用户线路distributed data processing system分布数据处理系统domain name servicer 域名服务器external modem 外部调制解调器fiber-optic cable 光导纤维global positioning system(GPS) 全球定位系统hierarchical network 层次网络internal modem 内部调制解调器IP address(Internet Protocol address)IP地址local area network(LAN)局域网low bandwidth 低带宽medium bandwidth 中带宽metropolitan area network 城域网network administration 网络管理员network architecture 网络体系结构network gateway 网络网关network hub 网络集线器network interface card 网络接口卡network operating system(NOS)网络操作系统PC Card modempeer-to-peer network 对等网proxy server 代理服务器ring network 环形网satellite/air connection service卫星连接服务star network 星型网terminal network 终端及网络time-sharing network 分时网络transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP)传输控制协议/互联网协议wide area network(WAN)广域网Wi-Fi(wireless fidelity)无线高保真wireless LAN(WLAN)无线局域网wireless modem 无线猫wireless receiver 无线电接收机UNIT 10ad network cookie 广告网络cookie adware cookie 广告软件cookie anti-spyware 反间谍软件biometric-scanning 生物识别扫描carpal tunnel syndrome 软骨综合症computer crime 计算机犯罪computer ethics 计算机道德Computer Fraud and Abuse Act计算机欺诈和滥用法computer monitoring software 计算机监控软件cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱data security 数据安全denial of service(DoS) attack 拒绝服务攻击disaster recovery plan 灾难恢复计划electronic monitoring 电子监控electronic profile 电子个人资料Energy Star 能源之星environmental protection 环境保护Financial Modernization Act 金融服务现代化法Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法案history file 历史文件identify theft 身份盗用illusion of anonymity 匿名幻想information broker 信息经纪人information reseller 信息经销商Internet scam 网络诈骗keystroke logger 键盘嗅探登陆器mistaken identity 张冠李戴physical security 物理安全repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损失repetitive strain injury(RSI)重复性劳损reverse directory 反向目录Software Copyright Act 软件著作权法software piracy 软件盗版spy removal program 间谍软件清除程序surge protector 浪涌电压保护器traditional cookies 传统的信息记录程序Trojan horse 特洛伊木马voltage surge 电压增加Web bug 网页爬虫。

计算机专业英语-1-8英语翻译

计算机专业英语-1-8英语翻译

Chapter 11.multi-core processor(多核处理器)------It is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units called “cores”, which are the units that read and execute program instructions.它是集成了两个或两个以上称为“核”的处理单元的计算部件,具有读取和执行程序指令的单元。

2.graphics processing unit(GPU)(图形处理单元)------A graphics processing unit, also occasionally called visual processing unit(VPU),is a specialized processor. It is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.它是一个图形处理单元,有时也被称为视觉处理单元VPU,一个专门的处理器。

它的设计目的是快速地操作和改变内存,以加速在帧缓冲区中创建图像,以便显示输出。

3.Wearable computer(可穿戴电脑)------A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer or wearable ,is a miniature electronic device that is worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.穿戴式电脑,也被称为人体电脑或穿戴电脑,是一种微型电子设备,由持有者佩戴在身上或者衣服上。

(完整word版)计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版

(完整word版)计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
Unlike magnetic secondary storage devices,such as tape and disk, primary storage has no moving parts. With no mechanical movement, data can be accessed from primary storage at electronic speeds, or close to the speed of light. Most of today’s computers use DRAM (Dynamic Random-Access Memory) technology for primary storage. A state-of-the-art DRAM chip about one eighth the size of a postage stamp can store about 256,000,000 bits, or over 25,600,000 characters of data!
主存储器,也就是说内存,用于为处理器暂时存放程序和数据。所有的程序和数据在被操作之前必须从输入设备(如VDT)或者辅助存储器转存到主存储器中。主存储器存储容量通常是相当有限的,因此,在一个程序执行结束,它所占用的存储空间必须被重新分配给其它正在等待执行操作的程序。
Figure 1-1 illustrates how all input/output (I/O)is “read to” or “written from” primary storage. In the figure, an inquiry (input) is made on a VDT. The inquiry, in the form of a message, is routed to primary storage over a channel (such as a coaxial cable). The message is interpreted, and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage [3].The program and data are “loaded”, or moves, to primary storage from secondary storage. This is a nondestructive read process. That is, the program and data that are read reside in both primary storage (temporarily) and secondary storage (permanently). The data are manipulated according to program instructions, and a report is written from primary storage to a printer.

计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译

计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译

中译英参考答案Unit 1A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three primary subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem.The CPU performs many operations and controls computer. The memory subsystem is used to store program being executed by the CPU, along with the program’s data. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer. The components of the computer are connected to the buses.The part of the computer that performs the bulk of data processing operations is called the central processing unit and is referred to as the CPU. In microcomputer, it is often called the microprocessor. The CPU is made up of three major parts: control unit, ALU, and register set.Memory is also known as internal memory or main memory. It refers to the circuits in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by the CPU.I/O subsystem includes I/O devices and interface. There are a wide variety of I/O devices, such as mouse, printer, sensor, disk, and so on. Input-output interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices. Peripherals connected to a computer need special communication links for interfacing them with the CPU. The purpose of the communication link is to resolve the differences that exist between the central computer and each peripheral.Unit 2Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly.Although fixed hard drive systems offer faster access and have a higher storage capacity than optical discs, optical disc systems use removable media –a distinct benefit. Optical discs –primary CDs and DVDs – are much more widely used than removable hard drive systems. They are the standard today for software delivery, as well as commonly used for storing high-capacity music and video files. There are also versions of both CD and DVD drives available for home audio and home theater use. Optical discs are commonly referred to as compact discs.CD and DVD discs are read by CD and DVD drives. The speed of a CD or DVD drive is rated as 24x, 32x, 36x, and so on. These labels describe how fast the drive is compared to the first version of that drive. For example, a 36x drive is 36 times the speed of the baseline unit that was originally manufactured. Most optical discs have a title and other text printed only on one side and they are inserted into the drive with the printed side facing up. When inserting such a CD or DVD, be careful not to get dirt, fingerprints, scratches, or anything else that might hinder light reflectivity on the disc’s surface.Unit 3(a) A program is a list of instructions or statements for directing the computer to perform arequired data processing task. Programming is a multistep process for creating that list of instructions.(b) It is important to understand the difference between a class and an object of that class. A class is simply a specification for creating objects. Thus, a single class may create multiple objects.(c) Java is an object-oriented, network-friendly high-lever programming language that allows programmers to build applications that can run on almost any operating system.(d) ActiveX is a set of controls, or reusable components that enables programs or content of almost any type to be embedded within a Web page. Whereas a Java must be downloaded each time you visit a Web site, with ActiveX the component is downloaded only once, then stored on your hard disk for later, repeated use.(e) Programming involves a great deal of creativity. The design is guide to the function or purpose of each component, but the programmer has great flexibility in implementing the design as code. No matter what language is used, each program component involves at least three major aspects: control structures, algorithms, and data structures.Unit 4The software system can be divided into two broad categories: application software and system software. Application software consists of the program for performing tasks particular to the machine’s utilization. In contrast to application software, system software comprises a large number of programs. These programs start up the computer and function as the principle coordinator of all hardware components and application software. Without system software loaded into RAM of your computer, your hardware and application software are useless.System software can be grouped into three basic parts: operating system, utility software, and language translators. The majority of an installation’s utility software consists of programs for performing activities that are fundamental to computer installations yet not included in the operating system. In a sense, utility software consists of software units that extend the capabilities of the operating system.A computer’s OS is the main collection of programs that manage its activities. The primary chores of an OS are management and control. The OS ensures that all actions requested by a user are valid and processed in an orderly fashion. It also manages the computer system’s resources to perform these operations with efficiency and consistency.Application software is the software designed to help you solve problems specific to business or perform specific business tasks. Application software then is the layer of software closest to you. Basically, there are four categories of application software: productivity software, business and specialty software, entertainment software and education/reference software.Unit 5A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (WAN), or a wide area network (WAN). The connection of two or more networks is called an internetwork. The worldwide Internet is a well-known example of an internetwork.LANs are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. They are widely used to connect personal computers and workstations incompany offices and factories to share resources and exchange information.In general, a given LAN will use only one type of transmission medium. Various topologies are possible for LANs. The most common LAN topologies are bus, ring and star.A MAN is basically a bigger version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. MAN is designed to extend over an entire city. It may be a single network such as a cable television network, or it may be a means of connecting a number of LANs into a large network so that resources may be shared LAN-to-LAN as well as device-to-device. For example, a company can use a MAN to connect the LANs in all of its offices throughout a city.A W AN spans a large geographical area that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the world. It provides long-distance transmission of data, voice, image, and video information over large geographical area.In contrast to LANs, W ANs may utilize public leased, or private communication devices, usually in combinations, and can therefore span an unlimited number of miles.Unit 6Transmission media are used to transfer messages over a network. For instance, the transmission media used in a network may be a privately owned set of cables, the public phone lines, or a satellite system. Transmission media can either be wired or wireless.The three types of wired media most commonly used to carry messages are twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. One of the most successful developments in transmission media in recent years has been fiber optics. Fiber-optic cable is commonly used for the high-speed backbone lines of a network, or for Internet infrastructure.Wireless transmission media have become especially popular in recent years. They support communications in situations in which physical wiring is impractical or inconvenient, as well as facilitate mobility. Wireless media are commonly used to connect devices to a network, to share information between computers, to connect wireless mice to a computer, and for handheld PCs, wireless phones, and other mobile devices. Radio signals transferred through the air are the heart of most types of wireless media. In addition to conventional broadcast radio application, the microwave, cellular, and satellite transmission media also use radio signals to transmit data.Radio transmissions require the use of a transmitter to send the radio signals through the air.A receiver (usually containing some type of antenna) accepts the date at the other end. When a device functions as both a receiver and transmitter, it is commonly called a transceiver or transmitter-receiver.Unit 7(a) Since many database systems users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify user’s interactions with the system: physical level, logical level, and view level.(b) A database schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called a data-definition language (DDL). The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables that is stored in a special file called data dictionary, or data directory.(c) The structured query language (SQL) is the most widely used and standard query language for relational database management systems. It is a kind of non-procedural language.(d) An entity is a “thing”or “object”in the real world that is distinguishable from otherobjects. For example, each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered to be entities. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.(e) Data warehouse is one of the newest and hottest buzzwords and concepts in the IT field and the business environment. A data warehouse is a logical collection of information——gathered from many different operational databases——that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.Unit 8Animation is the term used to describe a series of graphical images that are displayed one after the other to simulate movement. Cartoons on television are one example of animation.Video differs from animation in that it usually begins as a continuous stream of visual information that is broken into separate images or frames when the video is recorded. When the frames are projected—typically at a rate of 30 frames per second—the effect is a smooth reconstruction of the original continuous stream of information. As you might imagine, at 30 frames per second, the amount of data involved in displaying a video during a multimedia presentation can require a substantial amount of storage space. Consequently, video data—like audio data—is often compressed. A variety of compression standards exist. Some of the most common video file formats are .avi, .mpeg, .mov, .rm.For multimedia presentation, video may be recorded using a standard (analog) video camera and then converted to digital form as it is input into a computer. Alternatively, the film can be recording digitally using a digital video camera. Streaming video is frequently used on Web pages to reduce file size. Similar to streaming audio, Streaming video files can begin playing once a portion of the video has been downloaded.Unit 9(a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”.(b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables.(c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area.(d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems.(e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judgment or intuition and conducting analyses.Unit 10The linked list (see figure 1) consists of a series of nodes, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. Each node contains the element and a link to a node containing its successor. We call this the next link. The last cell’s next link references null.To execute printList or find(x) we merely start at the first node in the list and then traverse the list by following the next links. This operation is clearly linear-time, as in the array implementation, although the constant is likely to be larger than if an array implementation were used. The findKth operation is no longer quite as efficient as an array implementation; findKth(i) takes O(i) time and works by traversing down the list in the obvious manner. In practice, this bound is pessimistic, because frequently the calls to findKth are in sorted order (by i). As an example, findKth(2), findKth(3), findKth(4), and findKth(6) can all be executed in one scan down the list.The remove method can be executed in one next reference change. Figure 2 shows the result of deleting the second element in the original list.The insert method requires obtaining a new node from the system by using a new call and then executing two reference maneuvers. The general idea is shown in figure 3. The dashed line represents the old next reference.figure 1figure 2figure 3Unit 11(a) A set is pure if all of its members are sets, all members of its members are sets, and so on. For example, the set containing only the empty set is a nonempty pure set.(b) A language is a describable set of finite strings, drawn from a fixed alphabet. A grammar is one way to "describe" the language. The grammar consists of a finite list of rules, where each rule replaces one substring with another. The string on the left must contain at least one nonterminal. The first string "produces" or "generates" the second. Thus a rule is also called a production.(c) A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton(FA)is a mathematical abstraction sometimes used to design digital logic or computer programs. It is a behavior model composed of a finite number of states, transitions between those states, and actions, similar to a flow graph in which one can inspect the way logic runs when certain conditions are met.(d) Sometimes it is inconvenient or impossible to describe a set by listing all of its elements. Another useful way to define a set is by specifying a property that the elements of the set have in common. The notation P(x) is used to denote a sentence or statement P concerning the variable object x. The set defined by P(x) written {x | P(x)}, is just a collection of all the objects for whichP is true.Unit 12(a) Because drawings are typically displayed in 3D, CAD is especially helpful in designing automobiles, aircraft, ships, buildings, electrical circuits (including computer chips), and even clothing.(b) Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.(c) In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information system may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.(d) Knowing the history and evolution of ERP is essential to understanding its current application and its future developments.(e) In addition to monitoring operational activities such as tracking the status of orders and inventory levels, enterprise system also improve organization-wide reporting and decision making.Unit 13(a) There are a wide variety of educational application programs available. Educational software is designed to teach one or more skills, such as reading, math, spelling, a foreign language, world geography, or to help prepare for standardized tests.(b) Electronic business (e-business) is the use of information technology and electronic communication networks to exchange business information and conduct transactions in electronic, paperless form.(c) Word processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, store, and print documents. You can easily insert, delete, and move words, sentences, and paragraphs——without ever using an eraser.(d) What is a spreadsheet? Spreadsheet software takes its name from the accountant’s columnar worksheet, which it imitates. A spreadsheet is a worksheet consisting of a collection of cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns. Each cell can store one piece of information: a number, word or phrase, or formula.Unit 14(a) A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data with reference to geographic location data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis and database technology.(b) The GPS receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite. These distances along with the satellites' locations are used to compute the position of the receiver. This position is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included.(c) Virtual reality (VR) is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in the real world. Most current virtual reality environments areprimarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones.Unit 15(a) The software development process is sometimes called the software development life cycle (SDLC), because it describes the life of a software product from its conception to its implementation, delivery, use, and maintenance.(b) How can the CMM help your organization? There are three key roles the CMM plays. First, the CMM helps build an understanding of software process by describing the practices that contribute to a level of process maturity. The second role of the CMM is to provide a consistent basis for conducting appraisals of software processes. The CMM’s third key role is to serve as a blueprint for software process improvement.(c) The UML offers a standard way to write a system’s blueprints, including conceptual things such as business processes and system functions as well as concrete things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components. The UML represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.(d) Object modeling is a technique for identifying objects within the system environment and the relationships between those objects. The object-oriented approach to system development is based on several concepts, such as object, attribute, behavior, encapsulation, class, inheritance, polymorphism, persistence, etc.Unit 16“Security” is an all-encompassing term that describes all the concepts, techniques, and technologies to protect information from unauthorized access. There are several requirements for information security.Confidentiality: hiding data, usually with encryption, to prevent unauthorized viewing and access.Authenticity: the ability to know that the person or system you are communicating with is who or what you think it is.Access control: once a person or system has been authenticated, their ability to access data and use systems is determined by access controls.Data integrity: providing assurance that an information system or data is genuine.Availability: making sure that information is available to users in a secure way.To prevent unauthorized access, some type of identification procedure must be used. These vary from passwords to physical access object (access cards, etc.) to biometric devices that verify some type of personal characteristic, such as a fingerprint.Some of the most secure access control systems address both identification and authentication. Identification involves verifying that the person’s name or other identifying feature is listed as an authorized user; authentication refers to determining whether or not the person is actually who he or she claims to be.Unit 17A distributed system is a collection of independent computers which appear to the users of system as a single computer. Nearly all large software systems are distributed. For example, enterprise-wide business systems must support multiple users running common applications across different sites.A distributed system encompasses a variety of applications, their underlying support software, the hardware they run on, and the communication links connecting the distributed hardware. The largest and best-known distributed system is the set of computers, software, and services comprising the World Wide Web, which is so pervasive that it coexists with and connects to most other existing distributed systems. The most common distributed systems are networked client/server systems. Distributed systems share the general properties described below.●Multiple nodes●Message passing or communication●Resource sharing●Decentralized control●Concurrency or parallelism●Fault tolerance●Heterogeneity●OpennessDistributed systems have many inherent advantages, especially over centralized systems. Some applications are inherent distributed as well. In general, distributed systems:●Yield higher performance●Allow incremental growth●Allow one user to run a program on many different machines in parallel●Provide higher reliability。

计算机专业英语翻译参考

计算机专业英语翻译参考

计算机专业英语翻译参考1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoreticalfoundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础,以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术,如编程语言理论,计算复杂性理论,计算机图形学和人机交互。

2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware isthe graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display.There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphicscards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡,是一件呈现出所有的图像,并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。

计算机的专业英语的名词翻译

计算机的专业英语的名词翻译

第一章(计算机系统概论)digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit(IC)集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章(计算机系统结构)memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备,外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元(计算机体系结构)parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元(算法与数据结构)algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章(编程语言)Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT(abstract data type)抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML(hyper text markup language)超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章(操作系统)Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system(OS)操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface(GUI)图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理,多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值(默认值)macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元(数据库)DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。

计算机专业英语词汇

计算机专业英语词汇

4.formatn.格式5.cursorn.光标?6.directoryn.目录,索引簿?7.currentn.电流?8.screenn.屏幕,屏;v.屏蔽?9..specifyv.指定,规定,确定??10.diskn.盘,磁盘?11.drivev.驱动;n.驱动器?12.databasen.数据库?13.enterv.键入,送入?14.marginn.余量,边缘,边际?15.proceduren.过程,程序,工序?16.dialogn.&vt.对话?17.insertvt.插入?18.itemn.项,项目,条款?61.keyboardn.键盘?62.positioningn.定位?63.togglen.&v.触发器;系紧?64.devicen.设备,器件,装置?65.indicatevt.指示,表示?66.renamevt.更名,改名?binationn.结合,组合?68.profilen.简要,剖面,概貌?69.splitv.分开,分离?70.accessn.存取,选取,接近?71.documentn.文献,资料,文件?72.reflowv.&n.回流,逆流?73.installvt.安装?74.assignvt.赋值,指定,分派?75.specifica.特殊的,具体的?76.disketten.软磁盘,软盘片?77.confirmationn.认可?78.abbreviatevt.缩写,省略?79.delimitern.定界符,分界符?80.graphicn.&a.图形;图形的?81.confirmvt.证实,确认?82.clausen.条款,项目,子句?83.correspondvi.通信(联系)?84.propertyn.性(质),特征?85.bracketn.(方)括号,等级?86.omitvt.省略,删去,遗漏?87.sub-directoryn.子目录?88.instructionn.指令,指导?89.asciin.美国信息交换标准码?90.appendvt.附加,增补?91.buffern.缓冲器?92.coprocessorn.协同处理器?93.overlayv.覆盖,重叠?94.navigationn.导航?95.shortcutn.近路,捷径96.assigneda.指定的,赋值的?97.matchv.比较,匹配,符合?98.releasevt.&n.释放,核发,版?99.deletionn.删去(部分),删除?100.aliasn.别名,代号,标记?101.quoten.&v.引号;加引号?102.maximumn.&a.最大(的),最高?145.monitorn.监视器,监督程序?146.configurationn.配置?147.aboveboardad.&a.照直,公开的?148.ejectn.弹出?149.sequencen.顺序,时序,序列?150.consistvi.符合,包括?151.valida.有效的?152.suspendv.中止,暂停,挂起?153.enhancevt.增强,放大,夸张?154.separatev.&a.分隔,分离,各自的?155.echon.回波,反射波?mentn.&vi.注解,注释?157.preventv.防止,预防?158.presseda.加压的,压缩的?159.dimensionn.尺寸,维,因次??160.boundaryn.边界,界限,约束?161.zoomv.变焦距?162.initializev.初始化?163.helloint.&v.喂!;呼叫?164.fontn.铅字,字形?165.convertv.转换,变换?166.globaln.全局,全程,全局符?167.invokevt.调用,请求?168.interactivea.交互式,交互的? 169.describeda.被看到的,被发现的?170.exclusivea.排斥,排它性?171.adaptern.适配器,转换器? 172.filtern.滤波器,滤光材料?173.duala.对偶的,双的?174.equivalenta.相等的,等效的?175.storagen.存储,存储器?176.startupn.启动?177.residenta.驻留的?178.designateda.指定的,特指的?179.pertainvi.附属,属于,关于?180.expansionn.展开,展开式? 181.incompatiblea.不兼容的?182.blinkingn.闪烁?183.precedev.先于?184.transportablea.可移动的?185.routinen.程序,例行程序?186.sessionn.对话,通话?229.initiallyad.最初,开头?230.reformatv.重定格式?231.integratev.综合,集成?232.trailingn.&a.结尾;尾随的?233.indentv.缩排?234.integern.整数?235.subscriptn.注脚,下标?236.secondarya.辅助的,第二的?237.colonn.冒号“:”?238.allocatevt.分配?239.wordperfecta.一字不错地熟记的?240.verifyvt.鉴定,检验,核对?241.emulatorn.仿真器,仿真程序? 242.splittingn.分区(裂)? 243.consolen.控制台,操作台? 244.kerneln.内核(核心)程序? 245.modifiern.修改量,变址数? 246.invalida.无效的?pilern.编译程序(器)? 248.dotn.点?249.beepn.蜂鸣声,嘀嘀声?250.randoma.随机的?251.facilityn.设施,装备,便利?252.asynchronousa.异步的,非同步的?253.pasten.湖,胶,膏?254.respectn.&vt.遵守,关系?255.hyphenn.连字符,短线?256.seriala.串行的,串联的?257.retainvt.保持,维持?258.signaln.&v.信号;发信号?259.cpu控制处理部件?260.deactivatevt.释放,去活化?261.initiala.最初的,初始的?262.corruptv.&a.恶化;有毛病的?263.hostn.主机?264.pendinga.悬而未决的,未定的?265.bootn.引导,靴? 266.magentan.&a.深红色(的)? 267.oppositea.&n.&ad.相反的?268.overridev.&n.超越,克服? 269.hexa.&n.六角形的? 270.instanta.立刻的,直接的?313.abortv.&n.中断,故障?314.scatterv.散射,分散,散布?315.conventionn.常规,约定,协定?316.conventionala.常规的,习惯的?317.handlern.处理程序?318.processorn.处理机,处理程序?319.desktopa.台式的?320.developmentn.开发,研制,显影? 321.exceedv.超过,大于?322.horizontala.水平的,横向的?323.alphabeticallyad.按字母表顺序? 324.reservevt.保留,预定,预约? 325.manifestvt.表明,显示,显现?326.disconnectvt.拆接,断开,拆线? 327.clockwisea.顺时针的? 328.eliminatevt.除去,消除,切断?329.declarationn.说明,申报? 330.iconn.图符,象征?youtn.布置,布局,安排332.appendixn.附录? 333.truncatevt.截尾,截断?334.inhibitvt.禁止?335.registern.寄存器?336.stuffn.&vt.材料;装入?337.excludevt.排除,除去?338.lexicala.辞典的,词法的? 339.portn.端口,进出口?340.segmentn.段,片段,图块?341.identicallyad.相等,恒等?342.permanentlyad.永久地,持久地?343.acceleratorn.加速装置,加速剂?344.originallyad.原来,最初? 345.internallyad.在内(部)?346.derelictvt.中途淘汰?347.redirectvt.重定向? 348.residevi.驻留?349.headern.首部,标题,报头?350.extraa.特别的,额外的? 351.densityn.密度?352.mastera.总要的,总的?353.recursivea.递归的,循环的? 354.trapn.&vt.陷阱;俘获?397.lotn.一块(批,组,套)? 398.insufficienta.不足的,不适当的? 399.salaryn.&vt.薪水;发工资? 400.pacifica.平稳的,太平(洋)的? 401.emphasizev.强调,着重,增强? 402.ansin.美国国家标准协会?403.permanenta.永久的? 404.remarkn.评注,备注? 405.concatenatevt.连接,串联,并置? 406.emulatev.仿真,模仿;赶上或超过? 407.tapen.磁带,纸带? 408.conceptn.概念?409.subsequentlyad.其后,其次,按着? 410.registrationn.登记,挂号,读数? 411.designatevt.任命,标志? 412.visiblea.可见的,明显的? 413.consultv.咨询,顾问? 414.virtuallyad.实际上?415.substantiallyad.实质上,本质上? 416.primarilyad.首先,起初,原来?417.sequentiallyad.顺序地?418.clientn.顾客,买主merciala.商业的,经济的? 420.sheetn.(图)表,纸,片?421.contextn.上下文,来龙去脉? 422.orienteda.有向的,定向的? 423.suppressedvt.抑制,取消? 424.subroutinen.子程序? 425.bracketeda.加括号的? 426.manuallyad.用手,手动地??427.presetvt.预置? 428.autoindexn.自动变址(数)? 429.performancen.性能,实绩?430.distributionn.分布,分配? 431.denotevt.指示,意味着,代表? 432.replicatevt.重复,复制?433.megan.兆,百万?434.conformvi.遵从,符合? 435.controllern.控制器?436.pseudoa.假的,伪的,冒充的? 437.administratorn.管理人,行政人员? 438.ensemblen.总体,集合体?481.voweln.元音,母音? 482.synchronizationn.同步? prisevt.包括,由…组成? 484.absencen.缺少,没有? 485.revolutionizevt.变革,彻底改革? 486.constantlyad.不变地,经常地? 487.expungevt.擦除,删掉? 488.contrastn.反差,对比,对比度? 489.inventvt.创造,想象?490.unshiftv.未移动,不移档?plexityn.复杂性,复杂度? 492.degradev.降低,减少,递降? 493.suggestionn.暗示,提醒? 494.substantiala.实质的,真正的? 495.solelyad.独自,单独,只?496.distributevt.分布,配线,配给? 497.capturevt.俘获,捕捉? 498reinstatevt.复原,恢复?499.nicetyn.细节,精细? 500.rolln.&v.案卷;卷动,滚动? 501.exponentn.指数,阶,幂?502.exponentiala.指数的,幂的,阶的? plicatedv.使复杂化,使混乱? 504.reactivatev.使恢复活动? 505.synchronizev.使同步? 506.formationn.构造,结构,形成? man.逗号“,”,逗点?508.inexperienceda.不熟练的,外行的? 509.noninteractivea.不相关的,非交互的?510.chartn.图(表)?511.dearlyad.极,非常,昂贵地? 512.placementn.布局? 513.stampn.图章?514.equationn.方程,方程式? 515.discardv.删除,废除,放弃? 516.regardvt.考虑,注意,关系? 517.potentiallyad.可能地,大概地?518.moreoverad.况且,并且,此外? 519.shieldv.屏蔽,罩,防护? 520.transactionn.事项,事务,学报? 521.emulationn.仿真,仿效?522.dumpv.(内存信息)转储?565.redundanta.冗余的? 566.dependenta.相关的? 567.contiguousa.相连的,邻接的? 568.associationn.结合,协会,联想? 569.interpretv.解释? 570assemblev.汇编,装配?571.cad计算机辅助设计? 572.arithmeticn.算术,运算? 5737.sufficienta.充足的,足够的? 574.blastv.&n.清除;爆炸? 575.caretn.插入符号? 576.socketn.插座,插孔,插口? 577stateda.规定的? 578.protocoln.规约,协议,规程? 579.esoterica.深奥的,奥秘的? 580.successivea.逐次的,相继的? 581.chunkn.厚块,大部分?582.alignmentn.序列,成直线? 583.indentationn.缩进,缩排? 584.terminologyn.术语? 585.ascendinga.增长的,向上的?586.obsoletea.作废的,过时的? 587.accommodatev.调节,适应? 588.motifn.主题,要点,特色? 589.distinctionn.区别,相异,特性? 590.fundamentala.基本的,根本的? 591.underlyinga.基础的,根本的?592.iterativea.迭代的? 593.charmn.吸引力? 594.hitv.命中,瞬时干扰? 595.exceededa.过度的,非常的? 596.numericala.数量的,数字的? bon.二进位组合码?。

计算机专业英语词汇__《计算机专业英语词汇》

计算机专业英语词汇__《计算机专业英语词汇》

计算机专业英语词汇AActive-matrix主动距陈Adapter cards适配卡Advanced application高级应用Analytical graph分析图表Analyze分析Animations动画Application software 应用软件Arithmetic operations算术运算Audio-output device音频输出设备Access time存取时间access存取accuracy准确性ad network cookies广告网络信息记录软件Add-ons 插件Address地址Agents代理Analog signals模拟信号Applets程序Asynchronous communications port异步通信端口Attachment附件BBar code条形码Bar code reader条形码读卡器Basic application基础程序Binary coding schemes二进制译码方案Binary system二进制系统Bit比特Browser浏览器Bus line总线Backup tape cartridge units备份磁带盒单元Bandwidth带宽Bluetooth蓝牙Broadband宽带Business-to-business企业对企业电子商务Business-to-consumer企业对消费者Bus总线CCables连线Cell单元箱Chain printer链式打印机Character and recognition device字符标识识别设备Chart图表Chassis支架Chip芯片Clarity清晰度Closed architecture封闭式体系结构Column列Combination key结合键computer competency计算机能力connectivity连接,结点Continuous-speech recognition system连续语言识别系统Control unit操纵单元Cordless or wireless mouse无线鼠标Cable modems有线调制解调器carpal tunnel syndrome腕骨神经综合症CD-ROM可记录光盘CD-RW可重写光盘CD-R可记录压缩光盘Channel信道Chat group谈话群组chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) ]氯氟甲烷Client客户端Coaxial cable同轴电缆cold site冷战Commerce servers商业服务器Communication channel信道Communication systems信息系统Compact disc rewritableCompact disc光盘computer abuse amendments act of 19941994计算机滥用法案computer crime计算机犯罪computer ethics计算机道德computer fraud and abuse act of 1986计算机欺诈和滥用法案computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988计算机查找和隐私保护法案Computer network计算机网络computer support specialist计算机支持专家computer technician计算机技术人员computer trainer计算机教师Connection device连接设备Connectivity连接Consumer-to-consumer个人对个人cookies-cutter programs信息记录截取程序cookies信息记录程序cracker解密高手cumulative trauma disorder积累性损伤错乱Cybercash电子现金Cyberspace计算机空间cynic愤世嫉俗者DDatabase数据库database files数据库文件Database manager数据库管理Data bus数据总线Data projector数码放映机Desktop system unit台式电脑系统单元Destination file目标文件Digital cameras数码照相机Digital notebooks数字笔记本Digital bideo camera数码摄影机Discrete-speech recognition system不连续语言识别系统Document文档document files文档文件Dot-matrix printer点矩阵式打印机Dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器Dumb terminal非智能终端data security数据安全Data transmission specifications数据传输说明database administrator数据库管理员Dataplay数字播放器Demodulation解调denial of service attack拒绝服务攻击Dial-up service拨号服务Digital cash数字现金Digital signals数字信号Digital subscriber line数字用户线路Digital versatile disc数字化通用磁盘Digital video disc数字化视频光盘Direct access直接存取Directory search目录搜索disaster recovery plan灾难恢复计划Disk caching磁盘驱动器高速缓存Diskette磁盘Disk磁碟Distributed data processing system分部数据处理系统Distributed processing分布处理Domain code域代码Downloading下载DVD 数字化通用磁盘DVD-R 可写DVDDVD-RAM DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM 只读DVDEe-book电子阅读器Expansion cards扩展卡end user终端用户e-cash电子现金e-commerce电子商务electronic cash电子现金electronic commerce电子商务electronic communications privacy act of1986电子通信隐私法案encrypting加密术energy star能源之星Enterprise computing企业计算化environment环境Erasable optical disks可擦除式光盘ergonomics人类工程学ethics道德规范External modem外置调制解调器extranet企业外部网FFax machine传真机Field域Find搜索FireWire port port火线端口Firmware固件Flash RAM闪存Flatbed scanner台式扫描器Flat-panel monitor纯平显示器floppy disk软盘Formatting toolbar格式化工具条Formula公式Function函数fair credit reporting act of 1970公平信用报告法案Fiber-optic cable光纤电缆File compression文件压缩File decompression文件解压缩filter过滤firewall防火墙firewall防火墙Fixed disk固定硬盘Flash memory闪存Flexible disk可折叠磁盘Floppies磁盘Floppy disk软盘Floppy-disk cartridge磁盘盒Formatting格式化freedom of information act of 1970信息自由法案frequency频率frustrated受挫折Full-duplex communication全双通通信GGeneral-purpose application通用运用程序Gigahertz千兆赫Graphic tablet绘图板green pc绿色个人计算机Hhandheld computer手提电脑Hard copy硬拷贝hard disk硬盘hardware硬件Help帮助Host computer主机Home page主页Hyperlink超链接hacker黑客Half-duplex communication半双通通信Hard disk硬盘Hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒Hard-disk pack硬盘组Head crash磁头碰撞header标题help desk specialist帮助办公专家helper applications帮助软件Hierarchical network层次型网络history file历史文件hits匹配记录horizontal portal横向用户hot site热战Hybrid network混合网络hyperlinks超连接IImage capturing device图像获取设备information technology信息技术Ink-jet printer墨水喷射印刷机Integrated package综合性组件Intelligent terminal智能终端设备Intergrated circuit集成电路Interface cards接口卡Internal modem内部调制解调器internet telephony网络电话internet terminal互联网终端Identification识别i-drive网络硬盘驱动器illusion of anonymity匿名幻想index search索引搜索information pushers信息推送器initializing 初始化instant messaging计时信息internal hard disk内置硬盘Internal modem内部调制解调器Internet hard drive 网络硬盘驱动器intranet企业内部网Jjoystick操纵杆Kkeyword search关键字搜索Llaser printer激光打印机Layout files版式文件Light pen光笔Locate定位Logical operations逻辑运算Lands凸面Line of sight communication视影通信Low bandwidth低带宽lurking潜伏MMain board主板Mark sensing标志检测Mechanical mouse机械鼠标Memory内存Menu菜单Menu bar菜单条Microprocessor微处理器Microseconds微秒Modem card调制解调器Monitor显示器Motherboard主板Mouse 鼠标Multifunctional device多功能设备Magnetic tape reels磁带卷Magnetic tape streamers磁带条mailing list邮件列表Medium band媒质带宽metasearch engine整合搜索引擎Microwave微波Modem解调器Modulation解调NNet PC网络计算机Network adapter card网卡Network personal computer网络个人电脑Network terminal 网络终端Notebook computer笔记本电脑Notebook system unit笔记本系统单元Numeric entry数字输入national information infrastructure protection act of1996国际信息保护法案national service provider全国性服务供应商Network architecture网络体系结构Network bridge网桥Network gateway网关network manager网络管理员newsgroup新闻组no electronic theft act of1997无电子盗窃法Node节点Nonvolatile storage非易失性存储OObject embedding对象嵌入Object linking目标链接Open architecture开放式体系结构Optical disk光盘Optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪Outline大纲off-line browsers离线浏览器Online storage联机存储Ppalmtop computer掌上电脑Parallel ports并行端口Passive-matrix被动矩阵PC card个人计算机卡Personal laser printer个人激光打印机Personal video recorder card个人视频记录卡Photo printer照片打印机Pixel像素Platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪Plug and play即插即用Plug-in boards插件卡Pointer指示器Pointing stick指示棍Port端口Portable scanner便携式扫描仪Presentation files演示文稿Presentation graphics电子文稿程序Primary storage主存Procedures规程Processor处理机Programming control lanugage程序控制语言Packets数据包Parallel data transmission平行数据传输Peer-to-peer network system得等网络系统person-person auction site个人对个人拍卖站点physical security物理安全Pits凹面plug-in插件程序Polling轮询privacy隐私权proactive主动地programmer程序员Protocols协议provider供应商proxy server代理服务pull products推取程序push products推送程序RRAM cache随机高速缓冲器Range范围Record记录Relational database关系数据库Replace替换Resolution分辨率Row行Read-only只读Reformatting重组regional service provider区域性服务供应商repetitive motion injury反复性动作损伤reverse directory反向目录right to financial privacy act of 1979财产隐私法案Ring network环形网SScanner扫描器Search查找Secondary storage device助存储设备Semiconductor半导体Serial ports串行端口Server服务器Shared laser printer共享激光打印机Sheet表格Silicon chip硅片Slots插槽Smart card智能卡Soft copy软拷贝Software suite软件协议Sorting排序分类Source file源文件Special-purpose application专用文件Spreadsheet电子数据表Standard toolbar标准工具栏Supercomputer巨型机System cabine 系统箱System clock时钟System software系统软件Satellite/air connection services卫星无线连接服务search engines搜索引擎search providers搜索供应者search services 搜索服务器Sectors扇区security安全Sending and receiving devices发送接收设备Sequential access顺序存取Serial data transmission单向通信signature line签名档snoopware监控软件software copyright act of1980软件版权法案software piracy软件盗版Solid-state storage固态存储器specialized search engine专用搜索引擎spiders网页爬虫spike尖峰电压Star network星型网Strategy方案subject主题subscription address预定地址Superdisk超级磁盘surfing网上冲浪surge protector浪涌保护器systems analyst系统分析师TTable二维表Telephony电话学Television boards电视扩展卡Terminal 终端Template模板Text entry文本输入Thermal printer 热印刷Thin client瘦客Toggle key触发键Toolbar工具栏Touch screen触摸屏Trackball追踪球TV tuner card电视调谐卡Two-state system双状态系统technical writer技术协作者technostress重压技术telnet远程登录Time-sharing system分时系统Topology拓扑结构Tracks磁道traditional cookies传统的信息记录程序Twisted pair双绞UUnicode统一字符标准uploading上传usenet世界性新闻组网络VVirtual memory虚拟内存Video display screen视频显示屏V oice recognition system声音识别系统vertical portal纵向门户video privacy protection act of 1988视频隐私权保护法案virus checker病毒检测程序virus病毒V oiceband音频带宽V olatile storage易失性存储voltage surgeWWand reader 条形码读入Web 网络Web appliance 环球网设备Web page网页Web site address网络地址Web terminal环球网终端Webcam摄像头What-if analysis假定分析Wireless revolution无线革命Word字长Word processing文字处理Word wrap自动换行Worksheet file 工**文件web auctions网上拍卖web broadcasters网络广播web portals门户网站web sites网站web storefront creation packages网上商店创建包web storefronts网上商店web utilities网上应用程序web-downloading utilities网页下载应用程序webmaster web站点管理员web万维网Wireless modems无线调制解调器wireless service provider无线服务供应商world wide web万维网worm蠕虫病毒Write-protect notch写保护口其他缩写DVD digital bersatile 数字化通用光盘IT information technology信息技术CD compact disc 压缩盘PDA personal digital assistant个人数字助理RAM random access memory随机存储器WWW World Wide Web 万维网DBMS database management system数据库管理系统HTML Hypertext Markup Language超文本标示语言OLE object linking and embedding对象链接入SQL structured query language结构化查询语言URL uniform resouice locator统一资源定位器AGP accelerated graphics port加速图形接口ALU arithmetic-logic unit算术逻辑单元CPU central processing unit中央处理器CMOS complementary metal-oxide semiconductor互补金属氧化物半导体CISC complex instruction set computer复杂指令集计算机HPSB high performance serial bus高性能串行总线ISA industry standard architecture工业标准结构体系PCI peripheral component interconnect外部设备互连总线PCMCIA Personal Memory Card International Association个人计算机存储卡国际协会RAM random-access memory随机存储器ROM read-only memory只读存储器USB universal serial bus通用串行总线CRT cathode-ray tube阴极射线管HDTV high-definition television高清晰度电视LCD liquid crystal display monitor液晶显示器MICRmagnetic-ink character recognition磁墨水字符识别器OCR optical-character recognition光电字符识别器OMR optical-mark recognition光标阅读器TFT thin film transistor monitor薄膜晶体管显示器Zip disk压缩磁盘Domain name system(DNS)域名服务器file transfer protocol(FTP)文件传送协议hypertext markup language(HTML)超文本链接标识语言Local area network(LAN)局域网internet relay chat(IRC)互联网多线交谈Metropolitan area network(MAN)城域网Network operation system(NOS)网络操作系统uniform resource locator(URL)统一资源定位器Wide area network(WAN)广域网Web server / Web 服务器well-connected / 连接良好well-known services / 公认的服务wide area network, WAN / 广域网wildcard character / 通配符wildcarding / 通配符方式window menu / 窗口菜单Windows 2000 Server File and Print Servers for Macintosh / Windows 2000 Server 的Macintosh 文件与打印服务器Windows 2000 Task Manager / Windows 2000 任务管理器Windows Internet Name Service, WINS / Windows Internet 命名服务Windows Management Instrumentation, WMI / Windows 管理规范Windows Media Services / Windows Media 服务WINS, Windows Internet Name Service / Windows Internet 命名服务WINS proxy / WINS 代理WINS resource / WINS 资源Winsockwireless communication / 无线通讯WMI, Windows Management Instrumentation / Windows 管理规范workgroup / 工作组X.509v3 certificate / X.509/ 证书XOR, exclusive OR / 异或zone / 区域zone list / 区域列表zone transfer / 区域传送access arm 磁头臂,存取臂access time 存取时间adder 加法器address 地址alphanumeric 字母数字的analog computer 模拟计算机analyst 分析员area 区域array 数组,阵列assembler 汇编程序automation 自动化band 区batch processing 成批处理binary code 二进制码binary digit 二进制位,二进制数字bit 比特,二进制的一位branch 分支,支线brush 电刷buffer storage 缓冲存储器calculator 计算器call instruction 呼叫指令card punch 卡片穿孔机card reader 卡片阅读机,读卡机cell 单元channel 通道,信道character 字符check digit 校验数位circuit 电路,线路to clear 清除,清零clock 时钟code 代码to code 编码coder 编码员,编码器command 指令,命令compiler 编译程序computer language 计算机语言console 控制台control unit 控制部件,控制器core storage, core store 磁心存储器字串1counter 计数器cybernetics 控制论cycle 循环data 数据data processing 数据处理debugging 调试decision 制定digit 数字,数位,位digital computer 数字计算机disc, disk 磁盘display unit 显示装置drum 磁鼓to edit 编辑electronics 电子学emitter 发射器to encode 编码to erase 擦除,清洗,抹除feed 馈送,供给to feed 馈送,供给feedback 反馈field 字段,信息组,域file 文件floppy disk 软磁盘floppy disk drive 软磁盘机flow chart 流程图frame 帧hardware 硬件identifier 标识符index 索引information 信息inline processing 内处理input 输入inquiry 询问instruction 指令integrated circuit 集成电路to interpret 解释item 项目,项jump 转移key 键,关键码keyboard 键盘latency time 等待时间与计算机通信有关的基本词汇与计算机通信有关的基本词汇字串7计算机通信技术在大多数人眼中似乎很神秘,而且会觉得虽然我们每天都在享受它给我们带来的各种方便和服务,但并不了解其基本的概念。

计算机专业英语第二版课后翻译答案

计算机专业英语第二版课后翻译答案

Unite 1Section A: 1、artificial intelligence 人工智能2、paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3、Optical computer 光学计算机4、Neural network 神经网络5、Instruction set 指令集6、Parallel processing 并行处理器7、Difference engine差分机8、Versatile logical element 多用途逻辑元件9、Silicon substrate 硅衬底10、Vaccum tube 真空管11、数据的存储与管理the storage and management of data12、超大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit13、中央处理器central processing unit14、个人计算机personal computer15、模拟计算机analog computer16、数字计算机digital computer17、通用计算机general purpose computer18、处理器芯片processor chip19、操作指令operating instructions20、输入设备input devicesSection B1、artificial neural network 人工智能神经网络2、Computer architecture 计算机体系结构3、Robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4、Human-computer interface 人机接口5、Knowledge representation 知识代表6、数值分析numerical analysis7、程序设计环境programming environment8、数据结构data structure9、存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10、虚拟现实virtual realityUnit 2Section A:1、function key 功能键2、V oice recognition module 声音识别调制器3、Touch-sensitive region 触敏扫描仪4、Address bus 地址总线5、Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6、Dot-matrix printer 矩阵式打印机7、Parallel connection 并行连接8、Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9、Video game 电子游戏10、Audio signal 音频信号11、操作系统operating system12、液晶显示liquid crystal display13、喷墨打印机inkjet printer14、数据总线data bus15、串行连接serial connection16、易失性存储器volatile memory17、激光打印机laser printer18、磁盘存储器floppy disc19、基本输入输出系统basic input/output system20、视频显示器video displaySection B:1、interrupt handler 中断处理程序2、Virtual memory 虚拟内存3、Context switch 上下文转换4、Main memory 主存5、Bit pattern 位模式6、外围设备peripheral device7、进程表process table8、时间片time slice9、图形用户界面graphics user interface10、海量存储器mass storageUnit 3Section A:1、storage register 存储寄存器2、Function statement 函数语句3、Program statement 程序语句4、Object-oriented language 面向对象语言5、Assembly language 汇编语言6、Intermediate language 中间语言7、Relational language 关系语言8、Artificial language 人工语言9、Data declaration 数据声明10、SQL 结构化查询语言11、可执行程序executable program12、程序模块program module13、条件语句conditional statement14、赋值语句assignment statement15、逻辑语言logic statement16、机器语言machine language17、函数式语言functional language18、程序设计语言programming language19、运行计算机程序run a omputer program20、计算机程序员computer programmerSection B1、native code 本机代码2、Header file 头文件3、Multithreaded program 多线程程序4、Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5、Mallicious code6、机器码machine code7、汇编码assembly code8、特洛伊木马程序trojan9、软件包software package10、类层次class hierarchyUnit 4Section A1、inference engine 推理机2、System call 系统调用3、Compiled language 编译执行的语言4、Parellel computing 并行计算5、Pattern matching 模式匹配6、Memory location 存储单元7、Interpreter program 解释程序8、Library routine 库程序9、Intermediate program 中间程序10、Source file 源文件11、解释执行的语言interpreted language12、设备驱动程序device driver13、源程序source program14、调试程序debugger15、目标代码object code16、应用程序application program17、实用程序utility program18、逻辑程序logic program19、黑盒ink cartridge20、程序的存储与执行storage and execution of program Section B1、Messaging model 通信模式2、Common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻(环境)3、Hierarchical namespace 分层的名称空间4、Development community 开发社区5、CORBA 公共对象请求代理体系结构6、基本组件basic components7、元数据标记metadata token8、虚拟机VM virtual machine9、集成开发环境IDE(intergrated development environment)10、简单对象访问协议SOAP(simple object access protocol) Unit 5Section A1、system specification 系统规范2、Unit testing 单元测试3、Software life cycle 软件的生命周期4、System validation process 系统验证过程5、Evolutionary development process 进化发展过程6、Simple linear model 简单线性模型7、Program unit 程序单元8、Throwaway prototype 一次性使用原型9、Text formatting 文本格式10、System evolution 系统演变11、系统设计范例paradigm for system design12、需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition13、探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14、系统文件编制system documentation15、瀑布模型waterfall model16、系统集成system integration17、商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software18、基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering19、软件维护工具software maintenance tool20、软件复用software reuseSection B1、check box 复选框2、Structured design 结构化设计3、Building block 构建模块4、Database schema 数据库模式5、Radio button 单选按钮6、系统建模技术system modeling techniques7、模型驱动开发MDD(model-driven development)8、数据流程图data flow diagram9、下拉式菜单drop-down10、滚动条scroll barUnit 6Section A1、end user 终端用户2、Atomic operation 原子操作3、Database administrator 数据库管理员4、Relational database model 关系数据库模型5、Local data 本地数据6、Object-oriented database 面向对象的数据库7、Database management system 数据库管理系统8、Entity-relationship model 实体关系模型9、Distributed database 分布式数据库10、Flat file 展开文件11、二维表two-dimensional table12、数据属性data attributes13、数据库对象database object14、存储设备storage device15、数据类型data type16、数据插入与删除insertion and deletion17、层次数据库模型hierarchical18、数据库体系结构database architecture19、关系数据库管理系统ralational database management system20、全局控制总线global control busSection B1、nonvolatile storage system 易失性存储系统2、Equitment malfunction 设备故障3、Wound-wait protocol 损伤等待协议4、Exclusive lock 排它锁5、Database integrity 数据库完整性6、共享锁shared lock7、数据库实现database implementation8、级联回滚cascading rollback9、数据项data item10、分时操作系统time sharing operating system ;Unit 7Section A1、microwave radio 微波无线电2、digital television 数字电视3、DSL 数字用户线路4、analog transmission 模拟传输5、on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6、computer terminal 计算机终端7、radio telephone 无线电话8、cellular telephone 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机9、decentralized network 分散型网络10、wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络,有线内部网11、光缆fiber-optic cable12、传真机fax machine13、线通信wireless communications14、点对点通信point-to-point communications15、调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16、通信卫星communication(s) satellite17、电报电键telegraph key18、传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19、无绳电话cordless telephone20、金属导体metal conductorSection B1、bit map 位图2、parallel port 并行端口3、direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4、universal serial bus 通用串行总线5、general-purpose register 通用寄存器6、电路板circuit board7、串行通信serial communication8、数码照相机digital camera9、存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10、有线电视cable televisionUnit 8Section A1、file server 文件服务器2、carrier sense 载波检测3、Protocol suite 协议族4、Peer-to-peer model 点对点模型5、bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6、inter-machine cooperation 计算机间合作7、Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协作集8、Proprietary network 专有网络9、utility package 实用软件包10、star network 星形网络11、局域网local area network (LAN)12、令牌环token ring13、无线网络wireless network14、封闭式网络closed network15、环形拓扑网络ring topology16、客户/服务机模型client/server model17、网络应用程序network application18、进程间通信interprocess communication19、打印服务机printer server20、广域网wide area networkSection B1、routing path 路由选择通路2、dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3、extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4、backbone network 基干网,骨干网5、mesh topology网络拓扑结构6、同轴电缆coaxial cable7、逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8、无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9、树形拓扑结构tree topology10、目的地节点destination nodeUnit 9Section A1、cell phone 蜂窝电话,移动电话,手机2、IP address 网际协议地址,IP地址3、autonomous system 自主系统4、dial-up connection 拨号连接5、network identifier 网络标识符6、binary notation 二进制记数法7、mnemonic name 助记名,缩写名8、Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9、name server 名称服务器10、Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11、助记地址mnemonic address12、网吧cyber cafe13、宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14、顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15、因特网编址Internet addressing16、点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17、因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18、专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19、主机地址host address20、硬件与软件支持hardware and software support Section B1、incoming message 来报,到来的报文2、application layer 应用层3、utility software 实用软件4、sequence number (顺)序号,序列号5、remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6、端口号port number7、软件例程software routine8、传输层transport layer9、文件传送协议FTP(File Transfer Protocol)10、万维网浏览器Web browserUnit 10Section A1、mailing list 邮件发送清单,邮件列表2、proprietary software 专有软件3、cc line 抄送行4、bcc line 密送行5、forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7、click on an icon 点击图标8、confidential document 密件,秘密文件9、classified information 密级信息10、recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11、常用情感符commonly used emoticon12、已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13、电子系统electronic system14、附件行Attachments line15、版权法copyright law16、电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17、信息高速公路information superhighway18、签名文件signature file19、电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20、文字处理软件word processorSection B1、web-authoring software 网络写作软件2、template generator 模版生成程序3、navigation page 导航页面4、corporate logo 公司标识5、splash page 醒目页面,过渡页6、导航条navigation bar7、节点页面node page8、网站地图site map9、可用性测试usability testing10、图形交换格式gif(Graphics Interchange Format)Unit 11Section A1、customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2、B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3、mobile telephone 移动电话4、dot-com bust 网络不景气5、smart card 智能卡,灵巧卡6、digital piracy 数字盗版7、dot-com boom 网络繁荣8、C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9、Web auction site 拍卖网站10、fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11、射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12、电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13、库存管理技术inventory management technology14、知识产权intellectual property15、条形码bar code16、货币兑换currency conversion17、电子图书electronic book18、视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20、企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerceSection B1、software suite 软件套件2、text box 文本框3、virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4、static catalog 静态目录5、browser session 浏览器会话期6、动态目录dynamic catalog7、购物车软件shopping cart software8、供应链supply chain9、企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10、税率tax rateUnit 12Section A1、encryption program 加密程序2、deletion command 删除命令3、authorized user 授权的用户4、backup copy 备份5、voltage surge 电压浪涌6、circuit breaker 断路器7、electronic component 电子元件(或部件)8、data-entry error 数据输入错误9、electronic break-in 电子入侵10、power line 电力线,输电线11、检测程序detection program12、电源power source13、破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14、计算机病毒computer virus15、软件侵权software piracy16、硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17、病毒检查程序virus checker18、主存储器primary storage19、电子公告板electronic bulletin board20、浪涌电压保护器surge protectorSection B1、phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2、graphics card 显(示)卡3、heuristic analysis 试探性分析4、infected file 被感染文件5、virus dictionary 病毒字典6、数据捕获data capture7、恶意软件malicious software8、病毒特征代码virus signature9、防病毒软件antivirus software10、内存驻留程序memory-resident program。

计算机专业英语词汇大全

计算机专业英语词汇大全

计算机专业英语词汇大全计算机专业英语词汇大全1. Algorithm:算法2. Application:应用3. Architecture:架构4. Array:数组5. Binary:二进制6. Boolean:布尔7. Byte:字节8. Cache:缓存9. Character:字符10. Class:类11. Client:客户端12. Code:代码13. Compiler:编译器14. Computer:计算机15. Console:控制台16. Database:数据库17. Debugging:调试18. Declaration:声明19. Desktop:桌面20. Development:开发21. Directory:目录22. Documentation:文档23. Domain:域名24. Error:错误25. File:文件26. Function:函数27. Hardware:硬件28. Hexadecimal:十六进制29. IDE:集成开发环境30. Integer:整数31. Interface:接口32. Interpreter:解释器33. IP address:IP地址34. Java:Java语言35. Keyword:关键字36. Library:库37. Literal:字面量38. Logic:逻辑39. Loop:循环40. Memory:内存41. Method:方法42. Module:模块43. Object:对象44. Operating system:操作系统45. Package:包46. Parameter:参数47. Parser:解析器48. Platform:平台49. Pointer:指针50. Polymorphism:多态51. Port:端口52. Program:程序53. Protocol:协议54. Query:查询55. Queue:队列56. RAM:内存57. Register:寄存器58. Relational database:关系型数据库59. Runtime:运行时60. Script:脚本61. SDK:软件开发工具包62. Server:服务器63. Software:软件64. Source code:源代码65. SQL:结构化查询语言66. Stack:栈67. Statement:语句68. String:字符串69. Structured programming:结构化编程70. Subroutine:子程序71. Syntax:语法72. TCP/IP:传输控制协议/网际协议73. TCP:传输控制协议74. Text editor:文本编辑器75. Thread:线程76. Translation:翻译77. UNIX:操作系统78. URL:统一资源定位符79. Variable:变量80. Vector:向量81. Version control:版本控制82. Virtual machine:虚拟机83. Visual Basic:可视化基础84. Web server:Web服务器85. Web:网络86. Windows:操作系统87. XML:可扩展标记语言88. Object-oriented programming:面向对象编程89. Compiler optimization:编译器优化90. Software validation:软件验证91. Functional programming:函数式编程92. Garbage collection:垃圾回收93. Refactoring:重构94. Test-driven development:测试驱动开发95. Agile development:敏捷开发96. Waterfall model:瀑布模型97. Big data:大数据98. Cloud computing:云计算99. Cybersecurity:网络安全100. Machine learning:机器学习以上是计算机专业英语词汇大全,涵盖了计算机专业中常用的词汇和术语,不仅对从事计算机相关工作的人有用,对于学生也有较大的帮助。

计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译

计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译

中译英参考答案Unit 1A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three primary subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem.The CPU performs many operations and controls computer. The memory subsystem is used to store program being executed by the CPU, along with the program’s data. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer. The components of the computer are connected to the buses.The part of the computer that performs the bulk of data processing operations is called the central processing unit and is referred to as the CPU. In microcomputer, it is often called the microprocessor. The CPU is made up of three major parts: control unit, ALU, and register set.Memory is also known as internal memory or main memory. It refers to the circuits in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by the CPU.I/O subsystem includes I/O devices and interface. There are a wide variety of I/O devices, such as mouse, printer, sensor, disk, and so on. Input-output interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices. Peripherals connected to a computer need special communication links for interfacing them with the CPU. The purpose of the communication link is to resolve the differences that exist between the central computer and each peripheral.Unit 2Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly.Although fixed hard drive systems offer faster access and have a higher storage capacity than optical discs, optical disc systems use removable media – a distinct benefit. Optical discs – primary CDs and DVDs – are much more widely used than removable hard drive systems. They are the standard today for software delivery, as well as commonly used for storing high-capacity music and video files. There are also versions of both CD and DVD drives available for home audio and home theater use. Optical discs are commonly referred to as compact discs.CD and DVD discs are read by CD and DVD drives. The speed of a CD or DVD drive is rated as 24x, 32x, 36x, and so on. These labels describe how fast the drive is compared to the first version of that drive. For example, a 36x drive is 36 times the speed of the baseline unit that was originally manufactured.Most optical discs have a title and other text printed only on one side and they are inserted into the drive with the printed side facing up. When inserting such a CD or DVD, be careful not to get dirt, fingerprints, scratches, or anything else that might hinder light reflectivity on the disc’s surface.Unit 3(a) A program is a list of instructions or statements for directing the computer to perform a required data processing task. Programming is a multistep process for creating that list of instructions.(b) It is important to understand the difference between a class and an object of that class. A class is simply a specification for creating objects. Thus, a single class may create multiple objects.(c) Java is an object-oriented, network-friendly high-lever programming language that allows programmers to build applications that can run on almost any operating system.(d) ActiveX is a set of controls, or reusable components that enables programs or content of almost any type to be embedded within a Web page. Whereas a Java must be downloaded each time you visit a Web site, with ActiveX the component is downloaded only once, then stored on your hard disk for later, repeated use.(e) Programming involves a great deal of creativity. The design is guide to the function or purpose of each component, but the programmer has great flexibility in implementing the design as code. No matter what language is used, each program component involves at least three major aspects: control structures, algorithms, and data structures.Unit 4The software system can be divided into two broad categories: application software and system software. Application software consists of the program for performing tasks particular to the machine’s utilization. In contrast to application software, system software comprises a large number of programs. These programs start up the computer and function as the principle coordinator of all hardware components and application software. Without system software loaded into RAM of your computer, your hardware and application software are useless.System software can be grouped into three basic parts: operating system, utility software, and language translators. The majority of an installation’s utility software consists of programs for performing activities that are fundamental to computer installations yet not included in the operating system. In a sense, utility software consists of software units that extend the capabilities of the operating system.A computer’s OS is the main collection of programs that manage its activities.The primary chores of an OS are management and control. The OS ensures that all actions requested by a user are valid and processed in an orderly fashion. It also manages the computer system’s resources to perform these operations with efficiency and consistency.Application software is the software designed to help you solve problems specific to business or perform specific business tasks. Application software then is the layer of software closest to you. Basically, there are four categories of application software: productivity software, business and specialty software, entertainment software and education/reference software.Unit 5A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (WAN), or a wide area network (WAN). The connection of two or more networks is called an internetwork. The worldwide Internet is a well-known example of an internetwork.LANs are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. They are widely used to connect personal computers and workstations in company offices and factories to share resources and exchange information.In general, a given LAN will use only one type of transmission medium. Various topologies are possible for LANs. The most common LAN topologies are bus, ring and star.A MAN is basically a bigger version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. MAN is designed to extend over an entire city. It may be a single network such as a cable television network, or it may be a means of connecting a number of LANs into a large network so that resources may be shared LAN-to-LAN as well as device-to-device. For example, a company can use a MAN to connect the LANs in all of its offices throughout a city.A W AN spans a large geographical area that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the world. It provides long-distance transmission of data, voice, image, and video information over large geographical area.In contrast to LANs, W ANs may utilize public leased, or private communication devices, usually in combinations, and can therefore span an unlimited number of miles.Unit 6Transmission media are used to transfer messages over a network. For instance, the transmission media used in a network may be a privately owned set of cables, the public phone lines, or a satellite system. Transmission media can either be wired or wireless.The three types of wired media most commonly used to carry messages are twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. One of the most successful developments in transmission media in recent years has been fiber optics. Fiber-optic cable is commonly used for the high-speed backbone lines of a network, or for Internet infrastructure.Wireless transmission media have become especially popular in recent years. They support communications in situations in which physical wiring is impractical or inconvenient, as well as facilitate mobility. Wireless media are commonly used to connect devices to a network, to share information between computers, to connect wireless mice to a computer, and for handheld PCs, wireless phones, and other mobile devices. Radio signals transferred through the air are the heart of most types of wireless media. In addition to conventional broadcast radio application, the microwave, cellular, and satellite transmission media also use radio signals to transmit data.Radio transmissions require the use of a transmitter to send the radio signals through the air. A receiver (usually containing some type of antenna) accepts the date at the other end. When a device functions as both a receiver and transmitter, it is commonly called a transceiver or transmitter-receiver.Unit 7(a) Since many database systems users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify user’s interactions with the system: physical level, logical level, and view level.(b) A database schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called a data-definition language (DDL). The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables that is stored in a special file called data dictionary, or data directory.(c) The structured query language (SQL) is the most widely used and standard query language for relational database management systems. It is a kind of non-procedural language.(d) An entity is a “thing” or “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from other objects. For example, each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered to be entities. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.(e) Data warehouse is one of the newest and hottest buzzwords and concepts in the IT field and the business environment. A data warehouse is a logical collection of information——gathered from many different operational databases——that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.Unit 8Animation is the term used to describe a series of graphical images that are displayed one after the other to simulate movement. Cartoons on television are one example of animation.Video differs from animation in that it usually begins as a continuous stream of visual information that is broken into separate images or frames when the video is recorded. When the frames are projected—typically at a rate of 30 frames per second—the effect is a smooth reconstruction of the original continuous stream of information. As you might imagine, at 30 frames per second, the amount of data involved in displaying a video during a multimedia presentation can require a substantial amount of storage space. Consequently, video data—like audio data—is often compressed. A variety of compression standards exist. Some of the most common video file formats are .avi, .mpeg, .mov, .rm.For multimedia presentation, video may be recorded using a standard (analog) video camera and then converted to digital form as it is input into a computer. Alternatively, the film can be recording digitally using a digital video camera. Streaming video is frequently used on Web pages to reduce file size. Similar to streaming audio, Streaming video files can begin playing once a portion of the video has been downloaded.Unit 9(a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”.(b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables.(c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area.(d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems.(e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judgment or intuition and conducting analyses.Unit 10The linked list (see figure 1) consists of a series of nodes, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. Each node contains the element and a link to a node containing its successor. We call this the next link. The last cell’s next link references null.To execute printList or find(x) we merely start at the first node in the list and then traverse the list by following the next links. This operation is clearly linear-time, as in the array implementation, although the constant is likely to be larger than if an array implementation were used. The findKth operation is no longer quite as efficient as an array implementation; findKth(i) takes O(i) time and works by traversing down the list in the obvious manner. In practice, this bound is pessimistic, because frequently the calls to findKth are in sorted order (by i). As an example, findKth(2), findKth(3), findKth(4), and findKth(6) can all be executed in one scan down the list.The remove method can be executed in one next reference change. Figure 2 shows the result of deleting the second element in the original list.The insert method requires obtaining a new node from the system by using a new call and then executing two reference maneuvers. The general idea is shown in figure 3. The dashed line represents the old next reference.Unit 11(a) A set is pure if all of its members are sets, all members of its members are sets, and so on. For example, the set containing only the empty set is a nonempty pure set.(b) A language is a describable set of finite strings, drawn from a fixed alphabet. A grammar is one way to "describe" the language. The grammar consists of a finite list of rules, where each rule replaces one substring with another. The string on the left must contain at least one nonterminal. The first string "produces" or "generates" the second. Thus a rule is also called a production.(c) A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton(FA)is a mathematical abstraction sometimes used to design digital logic or computer programs. It is a behavior model composed of a finite number of states, transitions between those states, and actions, similar to a flow graph in which one can inspect the way logic runs when certain conditions are met.(d) Sometimes it is inconvenient or impossible to describe a set by listing all of its elements. Another useful way to define a set is by specifying a property that the elements of the set have in common. The notation P(x) is used to denote a sentence or statementP concerning the variable object x. The set defined by P(x) written {x | P(x)}, is just a collection of all the objects for which P is true.Unit 12(a) Because drawings are typically displayed in 3D, CAD is especially helpful in designing automobiles, aircraft, ships, buildings, electrical circuits (including computer chips), and even clothing.(b) Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.(c) In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information system may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.(d) Knowing the history and evolution of ERP is essential to understanding its current application and its future developments.(e) In addition to monitoring operational activities such as tracking the status of orders and inventory levels, enterprise system also improve organization-wide reporting and decision making.Unit 13(a) There are a wide variety of educational application programs available. Educational software is designed to teach one or more skills, such as reading, math, spelling, a foreign language, world geography, or to help prepare for standardized tests.(b) Electronic business (e-business) is the use of information technology and electronic communication networks to exchange business information and conduct transactions in electronic, paperless form.(c) Word processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, store, and print documents. You can easily insert, delete, and move words, sentences, and paragraphs——without ever using an eraser.(d) What is a spreadsheet? Spreadsheet software takes its name from the accountant’s columnar worksheet, which it imitates. A spreadsheet is a worksheet consisting of a collection of cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns. Each cell can store one piece of information: a number, word or phrase, or formula.Unit 14(a) A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data with reference to geographic location data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis and database technology.(b) The GPS receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite. These distances along with the satellites' locations are used to compute the position of the receiver. This position is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included.(c) Virtual reality (VR) is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in the real world. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones.Unit 15(a) The software development process is sometimes called the software development life cycle (SDLC), because it describes the life of a software product from its conception to its implementation, delivery, use, and maintenance.(b) How can the CMM help your organization? There are three key roles the CMM plays. First, the CMM helps build an understanding of software process by describing the practices that contribute to a level of process maturity. The second role of the CMM is to provide a consistent basis for conducting appraisals of software processes. The CMM’s third key role is to serve as a blueprint for software process improvement.(c) The UML offers a standard way to write a system’s blueprints, including conceptual things such as business processes and system functions as well as concrete things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components. The UML represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.(d) Object modeling is a technique for identifying objects within the system environment and the relationships between those objects. The object-oriented approach to system development is based on several concepts, such as object, attribute, behavior, encapsulation, class, inheritance, polymorphism, persistence, etc.Unit 16“Security” is an all-encompassing term that describes all the concepts, techniques, and technologies to protect information from unauthorized access. There are several requirements for information security.Confidentiality: hiding data, usually with encryption, to prevent unauthorized viewing and access.Authenticity: the ability to know that the person or system you are communicating with is who or what you think it is.Access control: once a person or system has been authenticated, their ability to access data and use systems is determined by access controls.Data integrity: providing assurance that an information system or data is genuine.Availability: making sure that information is available to users in a secure way.To prevent unauthorized access, some type of identification procedure must be used. These vary from passwords to physical access object (access cards, etc.) to biometric devices that verify some type of personal characteristic, such as a fingerprint.Some of the most secure access control systems address both identification and authentication. Identification involves verifying that the person’s name or other identifying feature is listed as an authorized user; authentication refers to determining whether or not the person is actually who he or she claims to be.Unit 17A distributed system is a collection of independent computers which appear to the users of system as a single computer. Nearly all large software systems are distributed. For example, enterprise-wide business systems must support multiple users running common applications across different sites.A distributed system encompasses a variety of applications, their underlying support software, the hardware they run on, and the communication links connecting the distributed hardware. The largest and best-known distributed system is the set of computers, software, and services comprising the World Wide Web, which is so pervasive that it coexists with and connects to most other existing distributed systems. The most common distributed systems are networked client/server systems. Distributed systems share the general properties described below.●Multiple nodes●Message passing or communication●Resource sharing●Decentralized control●Concurrency or parallelism●Fault tolerance●Heterogeneity●OpennessDistributed systems have many inherent advantages, especially over centralized systems. Some applications are inherent distributed as well. In general, distributed systems:●Yield higher performance●Allow incremental growth●Allow one user to run a program on many different machines in parallel ●Provide higher reliability● .●●。

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初学者的BIOS 1.介绍 在基本输入输出系统(BIOS)是一个在PC,它是基于主板上的芯片存储程序本质集。它作为一间计算机的硬件和操作系统的媒介。如果没有BIOS中,电脑的操作系统将没有办法沟通,或利用,对硬件的控制。 换句话说,在BIOS是任何计算机的重要组成部分。如果它的选项设置不当,可能会减缓的BIOS多达 40%的个人电脑了。不幸的是,新的处理器和主板芯片组的发布,BIOS选项继续变得更加混乱。因此,许多经验丰富的技术人员仍然感到困惑的术语股价和混乱的选项在现代计算机的BIOS设置程序进行。 不过没关系,因为倍频为您提供帮助!每一个母板和/或计算机制造商采用了不同的BIOS,所以我们将在优化的一个例子板,华硕A7N8X - E的豪华BIOS中所涉及的步骤。我选择了这个特殊的华硕主机板,因为这样的板后,许多人模仿。此外,A7N8X - E是华硕最热门的车型之一,它的推出已有近两年,至今依然是出售AMD系统今天。显然,无论您使用的主板会从这个模式的差异,但你仍然可以得到一个从调整,可以使各种各样的例子感觉。 请记住,改变个人电脑的BIOS设置不当,可能会导致电脑故障。如果发生这种情况,一个BIOS复位需要执行返回到默认:“。出厂设置”(读未优化)这通常是激活主板上的,这是说起来容易做,然后与许多笔记本电脑跳线!这里没有讨论应该有一个在任何PC上的负面影响,但请遵循每个步骤明确。 很多,如戴尔,惠普,Gateway和大型电脑制造商美光限制的选项提供给最终用户在BIOS中,以减少不明智的“修补”和由此产生的支持电话。因此,您可能无法照顾到提到这些主要个人电脑厂商在这里的高级设置一定的优势。 大多数PC显示一个简短的消息,描述了如何进入“安装”节目里的BIOS设置进行调整。你只允许几分钟按下所需的关键在你的操作系统启动加载。要输入你的BIOS,打开电脑并按住,或按反复,需要输入设置的关键。大多数PC上,这是DEL键,F1键或F2键。如果您的电脑将不会进入设置使用这些密钥和/或不显示上述消息时,首先,你需要参考你的文档或联系您的电脑制造商,转向支持。 建议您重新启动后,每个单独的BIOS设置改变,以确保您的系统功能正常。如果您重新启动之前许多变化,你的系统将不再启动,你就不会知道哪些变化是失败负责。 2.主选项 让我们先从BIOS主选项菜单,通过“主”,在左上角点击标签角落找到。 仅低于你设置的日期和时间,你可以定义你的硬盘和其他存储在电脑中安装的设备的具体细节。每次电脑启动时,它很可能已经自动检测并确定哪些存储设备在系统上安装。虽然这往往只需要一秒钟或在大多数系统两个,如果你定义这些细节,而不是使用自动检测,你的系统启动时,将是快得多。 要做到这一点,只需选择该驱动器,通常由突出,并按下回车键。然后写下目前的柱面,磁头,部门和LBA显示的数字。在某些BIOS,你也有座模式选项,以及32位传输模式。更改为用户从汽车驱动器类型。然后,这些数字键和选项完全相同,因为他们显示出来。大多数现代的计算机,你会想LBA模式,块模式,和 32位传输模式都转向为您的硬盘驱动器,即使它们不前。 如果有任何附加的驱动器位置的四种可能的组合之一,选择无任何设备。例如,如果您有一个硬盘驱动器作为第一主,并作为第二主配置了一个CD - RW的配置,一定要同时设置中小学从选项为NONE。如果您离开自动设置那里没有设备,计算机将始终,看看设备是否在该位置插入每次电脑开机。通过改变此设置为NONE后,计算机将启动稍快。 3.高级功能 接下来,选择在屏幕顶部的高级选项卡以显示高级选项,这是为子菜单打破。第一个分支是标有“高级BIOS功能”。 是否真的有必要彻底测试你的记忆和软盘驱动器每一次你打开电脑?除非你怀疑与其中任何一个问题,我认为没有理由继续测试它们与BIOS诊断。在这部分的BIOS,我们就可以减少系统启动通过启用或禁用特定的功能时 - 如刚才提到的那些 - 优化的启动过程。下面是推荐的设置: 引导型病毒检测:启用。有时候,这是位于下某些BIOS标准或主要部分。引导扇区病毒而不再是主要威胁,他们曾经是,启用该功能可以防止受感染的软盘或CD - ROM的数据,你应该启动。 CPU的一级缓存:启用。 CPU的二级缓存:启用。 快速开机自检:启用。这将跳过重复的内存计数,当您打开您的个人电脑;机会是,如果你确实有不好的记忆,这一基本测试不会赶上也无妨。 第一,第二,或第三启动设备:设置你的启动顺序,并禁用任何引导设备在这里,你不想启动的。 引导其它设备:禁用,除非你是从网络或SCSI卡启动。 启动软盘寻求:禁用。这是在浪费时间和噪音制造者。 启动数字锁定状态:你的选择。在Windows启动时激活,而其他人则希望它禁用他们的键盘有些人喜欢NumLock键。 A20地址线选择:快。虽然这项功能是由Windows XP中或多或少过时,我还是建议你离开它。 Windows和OS / 2的执行与旧版这个参数设置为快速更好。唯一的原因我无法想象会有人将它设置为正常的情况是,它们是运行DOS。 重覆率设定:禁用。您的选择,真的。该功能确定多长时间等待时,按住键盘上一个键,直到它开始重复它,如何快速的反应。 APIC的模式:启用。这是高级可编程中断控制器,这是多处理器支持,更负责任的IRQ和更快的中断处理。 OS/2的板载内存大于64M的:已禁用。此设置仅适用于用户运行现已解散的OS / 2的IBM操作系统。 全屏幕标志显示:您的选择。当启用时,内存数和开机自我测试(POST)后面的 “屏障”隐藏 - 图形标志。例如,当您第一次打开一个网关计算机上,您可能会看到屏幕上的大字网关。禁用时,“正常”启动顺序显示在屏幕上 - 大多数电脑的方式看,当你第一次打开之前的操作系统开始加载它们。有些人喜欢 隐藏POST画面,而另一些人喜欢总是看到它。 邮政完整的报告:你的选择。此设置,启用时,将显示后的结果。 语音早报记者:你的选择。此设置,当在PC机的扬声器启用,将“对话”在开机时间告诉你的POST地位对您的扬声器。语音质量是从星际旅行上的计算机相差甚远,但有些人认为这很酷。

电子邮件基础 邮件:这是一种快捷,使用方便的,而且也不贵。它可以帮助你与你的朋友和工作伙伴打电话的费用。有时,它可以帮助那些为了避免刺激性自动电话菜单使你读完一长串的选择。它也是一个现在增长最快速的通讯手段。 写一封电子邮件信息相当容易,不过就像任何事情一样,你必须学会怎样去做。电子邮件写作如写信。你已经知道如何找到一张纸,写上必要的文字,把纸装在信封里,等等。同样,你可能已经知道如何做所有的个人的事情,你需要做的创建和发送电子邮件。你可能不知道详细说明可以帮助你又快又轻松的完成这项工作。这里有一些技巧来帮助你。 1.电子邮件,你的倒影! 记住,电子邮件不同于其他形式的沟通。作为一个不错的写信者并不一定意味着你可以通过电子邮件进行有效的沟通。因为周转时间很快的话,电子邮件相比正式书面沟通其实更类似于谈话。电子邮件的观点是得到快速,而不是无暇雄辩的消息给收件人。然而,即使即时电子邮件笔记可以反映出你的个性,所以不要误以为语法和拼字完全不重要。 我有太多的电子邮件。有一些是写得很好,准确,到点子上了。然而,我也收到一些草率的,写得很烂又不遵循所有英语语言的规则的电子邮件。我鼓励你成为一个较好一类的作家。这里有一些简单的电子邮件规则,这将使你表现出你最好的一面: 写一个描述性的题目线。(在下面看到更多的详细说明) 务必精简,切中要点。 在你发送之前先阅读你的电子邮件。 使用检测器检查拼写。如果你的电子邮件程序没有拼写检查,升级到一个有这个功能的版本。 适当的使用大写。被认为是大写的拼写呐喊在线世界。在小字母拼写使你懒得去看。 记住,电子邮件和公告新闻组可以环游世界。最近,我在一家美国公司发电子邮件。响应的是一个来自在南非那家公司上班一个女人。我最初的收件人不知道如何回答,所以她把邮件传递给别人。第二个反应来自澳大利亚。聚会上又把我的问题提交给别人了。最终回答我的问题是一个来自夏绿蒂,北卡罗莱那州的绅士。记住,你并不总是清楚你的邮件即将结束。不是每个人都在互联网上有相同的风俗或背景。要尊重你的信件。 2.标题 在你的电子邮件地址后的下一行你必须填写电子邮件标题。这是很重要的。试着国家使用的知识表达得简单明了你的主题可能少的文字表达。当其他的人收到你的电子邮件, 在他们看到的任何东西之前看到你的名字和主题,。如果这位接收者是想我一样,收到大量的电子邮件,他们可能不认识你的名字和他们通常会使用这个主题来确定邮件的重要性。 找到合适的题目线通常会让人很沮丧。如果你不能选择让人牢记的标题,一个简单的五或六个词的句子常常是一个好的主题。 现在存在大量的垃圾邮件,标题比以往任何时候都更有意义。总是把很重要的内容放在标题上。电子邮件收件人有时会忽略了空白标题,因为空白标题更多的时候出现在垃圾邮件。 另外,肯定考虑垃圾邮件过滤器可能解释你的题目线。比如线是“参加今晚的聚会?”或“新收入机会!”可能会被描述您的内容,但是可能会很容易使你的电子邮件被丢弃于垃圾。 3.发送你的电子邮件 在你填了标题之后,按tab键开始工作的重要组成部分的电子邮件讯息。撰写你的信息。然后发送它通过查找图标或选择菜单,“发送邮件”或“发送和接收。(先确定你已经连接到网络)如果你碰巧忙着寄出去而又不在线,别担心。你的信息会安放在准备发送中,下次发送应该自动连接网络。 一旦你按下发送按钮,您的消息。它可以在任何地区一分钟到几个小时内另一方就可以接收到。时间的长短取决于网络现状的数量和连接的数量,必须完成事物。幸运的是,在大多数情况下,邮件经过得又快又轻松。 4.检查确定您的消息已发送 世界是新手电子邮件中经常离开后抓耳挠腮,他们已经派了他们最初几封电子邮件。他们不确定信息是否被传送。事实上,我经常会收到电子邮件两次。在大多数情况下,人们已经发送消息了,因为他们都不是很确定第一次是它否被送正确发送。如果你想核实你的讯息已经传送的,有个地方去看看。默认情况下, 已发送的邮件都会进入发件箱。 看菜单选择或图标找到发件箱。当你打开发件箱,你就会看到一些迹象表明,你的信息已经被发送。在大多数程序,这条消息就被发送带有一个复选标记。如果这样的信息是明显带有“Q”就意味着这个信息没有被发送,但是只有排队,或者准备好被发送。这经常发生如果你想发送电子邮件而又不在线。如果信息在它前面有一个“Q”,确保你在线,然后再次双击打开。然后按“传送”或“再次发送”。 5.待发箱/收件箱

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