考研英语二真题及答案解析
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
2019年考研已经结束;为方便考生备考;特整理2019年全国硕士研究生考试真题;供各位考生复习使用;以下是2019年英语二考研真题及答案解析..Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word s for each numbered blank and mark A; B; C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. 10 pointsWeighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ;when done too often; this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .As for me; weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals.I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass; but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale;I altered my training program. That conficted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level;strength and inches lostFor these 9 ; I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal; it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same; but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight; this is a 16 that I needto increase my daily caloric intake.The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health; fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morming weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific ftness goals; 19 I'm training according to those goals; not the numbers on a scale.Rather than 20 over the scale; turn your focus to how you look; feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.1. A Besides B Therefore COtherwise D However2. A helps Bcares Cwarns D reduces3. A initially B solely C occasionally D formally4. A recording B lowering C explaining D accepting5. A modify B set Creview D reach6. A definition B depiction C distribution D prediction7. A due to Bregardless of C aside from D along with8. A orderly B rigid C precise D immediate9. A claims Bjudgments C reasons D methods10. A instead Bthough Cagain Dindeed11. A report B share C share D share12. A depend on Bapprove of Chold onto Daccount for13. A prepare Bshare Cshare D share14. A results Bfeatures Crules Dtests15. A bored Banxious Chungry D sick16. A principle Bsecret Cbelief Dsign17. A request Bnecessity Cdecision Dwish18. A disappointing Bsurprising Crestricting Dconsuming19. A if because Bunless Cuntil Dconsuming20. A obsessing Bdominating Cpuzzling Dtriumphing1-20参考答案：1、答案C However解析此处考察逻辑关系..首段提出文章中心：定期称量自己是一种解任何显着的的体重波动的好方法..空格所在句指出：____;如果太频繁;这种习惯有时会造成损害..前文wonderful way好方法与后文hurt 损害形成转折关系;故填入however然而..另外;however也是考研完形填空中的高频词..其他选项：therefore因此;otherwise否则和besides此外此处不符合语境;故正确答案为C However..2、答案D helps解析此处考察反义复现..空格所在句指出：this habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____这种习惯的坏处要比____多;应该是help有帮助;有好处;与前文hurt损害形成反义复现..其他选项：Cares关心;warns警告;reduces减少;致使均不能与hurt形成呼应;故正确答案为D helps..3、答案A solely解析此处考察同义复现+词义辨析..空格所在句指出：至于我;每天称自己的重量让我把注意力从保持健康和好动转移到____专注于体重秤..填入solely仅仅语义通顺..另外本句focusing solely on the scale 中的solely仅仅与本段后文thinking only of ____ the number on the scale的only形成了同义复现..故正确答案为A solely..4、答案A lowering解析此处考察词义辨析+反义复现..空格所在句指出：我曾经以增加肌肉含量而增重;但后来只考虑____体重的数量;我改变了我的训练方案..填入lowering减少语义通顺..另外;该句中间有but;说明前后为转接..lower与前文gain weight增重形成反义复现;其他选项：explaining解释;accepting接受;recording记录均不符合文意..故正确答案为A lowering..5、答案C reach解析此处考察成分搭配和语义理解..空格所在句指出：这与我需要训练以____目标的方式相冲突..此处填入reach达到与goal目标形成动宾搭配;且语义通顺;表达连贯..其他选项：set设定;modify修改虽然可以与goal搭配;但文意不符;review评论;温习和goal不能形成搭配..故正确答案为C reach..6、答案A depiction解析此处考察词义辨析..分析空格处所在句的句意：我还发现;每天称体重并不能为我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的进步;提供精确的____;空格处所需的名词需要使句子完整通顺..A选项depiction 描写;叙述符合语义要求;B选项distribution分布;分配;C选项prediction预言;预测;D选项definition定义带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为A选项depiction..7、答案D due to解析此处考察短语辨析..空格所在句的句意：需要大约三周到一个月的时间来发现体重的显着变化;_____改变了你的训练计划..空格处所填入的短语需要和前面句子构成因果的逻辑关系;只有D选项due to由于符合要求;A选项regardless of不管;不顾;B选aside from除...以外;C选项along with与...一起;连同带入后;语义不通顺..故正确答案为Ddue to..8、答案C immediate解析此处考察词义辨析..分析空格处所在句的句意：最____的改变将会体现在技能水平;力量和身高降低;空格处所需的形容词需要和后面的宾语change构成语义搭配;并且适合语境..C选项immediate立即的;直接的符合语义要求;A选项rigid严格的;B选项precise精确的;D选项orderly有秩序的带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为C选项immediate..9、答案B reasons解析此处考察固定搭配..for these reasons由于这些原因..空格所在句指出：由于这些原因上文提到的原因;我停止每天称体重..只有B选项reasons原因符合要求;A选项judgments判断;C选methods 方法;方式;D选项claims要求;索赔带入后;语义不通顺..故正确答案为Breasons..10、答案D instead解析此处考察词义辨析以及上下文语境分析..空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因;我停止每天称体重..后半句话句意：而转而改用两个月称一次体重..switched to转而....与选项instead对应..D选项instead 代替;反而符合语义要求;A选项though虽然;尽管;B选项again又;再一次;C选项indeed的确;实在带入空格后;语义不通顺;均排除..故正确答案为D选项instead11、答案A. track解析空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal因为减重不是我的目的;it is less important for me to ____my weight each week对我来说;每周___我的体重不太重要..空格处所填入的动词需要和后面的宾语my weight构成通顺的动宾语义搭配;除此之外;本文的主题是称重;因此需要观察、监测或跟踪体重的变化;因此只有A选项track符合语义与主题要求..12、答案C. account for解析空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and _____any significant weight changes每隔一周称次体重使我能够观察及____任何明显的体重变化;空格处所填入的动词需和后面的宾语weight changes构成通顺的动宾搭配;同时;该动词还和observe构成并列关系;并列的动词会存在动作先后发生的特点先观察到体重变化;再来了解或解释体重变化的原因;因此只有C 选项account for解释;了解更恰当..13、答案B. adjust解析空格所在处提到：That tells me whether I need to ____my training program那告诉我;我是否需要____我的训练项目..空格处所填动词需要和后面的宾语training program 构成顺畅的动宾语义关系;除此之外;that指代上文中“观察并了解体重变化”;因此此处应该表明;观察并了解体重变化能让我知道是否需要调整训练项目..因此B选项adjust符合要求..14、答案D. results解析空格处所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh-in____to get information about my nutrition as well我根据两个月称重一次的___来获得关于我的营养方面的信息..空格处所填名词需和bimonthly weigh-in构成顺畅的语义关系;空格处上文提到“两个月称重一次可以观察并了解任何明显的体重变化”;因此空格处应该表示“称重结果”;故D选项results为正确答案..15、答案B. hungry解析空格处提到：if.......I am constantly____and dropping weight; this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake如果......我持续___以及体重下降;那么这是一个标志表明我需要增加日常卡路里摄入;根据条件状从和主句的条件与结果的逻辑关系;空格处填入“hungry饥饿”更符合语义要求..16、答案C sign 试题考点上下文语义衔接+名词辨析解析空格之前的“this”指代前面if引导的条件状语从句“如果我运动量保持不变;但总是觉得饿并且体重下降”;空格后面that引导的定语从句“我需要增加每日卡路里的摄取”;根据前后语义;此空填sign“信号”最合理..17、答案B decision 试题考点上下文语义衔接解析空格后动词不定式结构“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格处名词的定语;“停止每天称体重这个_____”;根据语义;此处填decision“决定”最合理..18、答案D disappointing 试题考点上下文意义衔接+形容词辨析解析此空在of介词短语中;修饰名词“burden负担”;根据语义色彩;此处应该填贬义词;因此disappointing“令人失望的”最合理..19、答案A because试题考点上下文逻辑解析根据选项特征看出本题考查句内逻辑关系;前半句话“I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”我也更成功地实现了健身目标;后半句“I’m training according to those goals; mot the numbers on scale.”我根据那些目标来训练;而不是体重数字..此处应为因果关系;所以正确选项为because..此外;本句话中的“also”表明与前一句话之间的关系;前一句话中的since也表示因果关系..20、答案D obssessing 试题考点上线文衔接+词义辨析解析根据选项特征;此空填入动词的现在分词;其逻辑主语为句子主语you;宾语为thescale;通过上文可知;作者对于“the scale”一直持否定态度;因此此空根据语义色彩排除dominating“统治”和triumphing“胜利”;而puzzling over 表示“仔细琢磨;冥思苦想”;与上下文语义不符..因此选obsessing“使困扰”Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A; B;C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 40 pointsText 1Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness; fear; and anger; guilt emerges a little later; in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather; they learn over time that such statements app ease parents and friends -- and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regardso-called moral guilt; in the right amount; to be a good thing.In the popular imagination; of course; guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable-- it's the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve;” says Amrisha Vaish; a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia; adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary -- feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger; for example; may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.And quilt ; by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness; can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt; in other words; can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.Viewed in this light; guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti ; a psychology professor at the University of Toronto ;suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies; Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some Kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt; which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa : High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.In a 2014 study; for example; Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations; she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins; and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For thelow-sympathy kids; how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones share more; even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.“That’s good news;” Malti says; “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”21. Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help _______.A. regulate a child’s basic emotionsB. improve a child’s intellectual abilityC. foster a child’s moral developmentD. intensify a child’s positive feelings22. According to Paragraph 2; many people still consider guilt to be _______.A. deceptiveB. burdensomeC. addictiveD. inexcusable23. Vaish holds that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that _______.A. emotions are context-independentB. emotions are socially constructiveC. emotional stability can benefit healthD. an emotion can play opposing roles24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.A. may help correct emotional deficienciesB. can result from either sympathy or guiltC. can bring about emotional satisfactionD. may be the outcome of impulsive acts25. The word “transgressions” Line 4; Para. 5 is closest in meaning to _______.A. teachingsB. discussionsC. restrictionsD. wrongdoings21-25参考答案：21、答案C foster a child’s positive feelings解析根据题干“researchers”;“guilt”; “a good thing”关键词定位到第一段最后一句;除此之外;提干中还有关键词“because”; 判定该题属于细节题中考查因果逻辑关系的题目;需要在原文中精准回文定位;原文中第一段最后一段明确出现了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt...a good thing.”根据代词向前文指代的原则;题干中所问的原因就在上一句;由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say ‘I’m sorry’; rather; they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”;其中的“such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”该品质能够使父母/朋友和孩子自己都感觉更舒适;such statements指代的即为“say sorry”或文章主题词guilt; 纵观四个选型;只有C选项foster a child’s moral development提高孩子的道德发展可以实现同义替换;故为正确答案..其余选项A.regulate a child’s basic emotions 管理孩子基本情绪中的regulate原文未提及; B. improve a child’s intellectual ability改善孩子的智力中intellectual ability原文未提及;而D.intensify a child’s positive feelings加强孩子的积极感觉在原文中未提及;故排除..22、答案B burdensome解析根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题..根据题干关键信息“paragraph 2; “ many people still consider guild to be”定位到第二段;最终锁定对本段第二句话的理解;尤其关键的是对第二句话中破折号的理解;“it is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket wei ghted with stones. ” 这种感觉非常不舒服;就像穿着一件石头做的夹克一样; 对比所给四个选项;只有B 项“burdensome”负担沉重的;繁重的与原文表述一致;故为最佳答案.. A项“deceptive” 欺骗的C项“addictive”上瘾的以及D项“inexcusable” 不可原谅的均与原文表述不一致;故排除..23、答案D an emotion can play opposing roles解析根据题干可知这是一个典型的细节题..根据题干关键信息“Vaish holds that …awareness that.” 定位本文的第二段“There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking …can serve.”但是这句话是他的观点句;也就是题干信息所在句;本句没有答案;因此;根据线性思维;下文他又继续补充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher…..in another ”这种复兴是更大的认识的一部分;即情绪不是二元情感;在一个情境中有利的情绪在另一个情境中可能是有害的; 对比四个选项;只有D“an emotion can play opposing roles” 情绪可以起到相反的作用为最佳答案..A项“emotions are context-independent”情绪与语境无关与原文表述相反.. B 项“emotions are socially constructive”从社会角度讲;情绪具有积极性在文中没有提及..C项“emotional stability can benefit health”情绪稳定有益与身体健康在文中没有提及;故排除..24、答案B can result from either sympathy or guilt解析根据题干可知这是一道人物观点题..根据题干关键词“Malti and others have shown 与cooperation and sharing.”回文定位到第四段第三句：“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.” 马尔蒂和其他人已经表明;内疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途径.. 对比四个选项;只有B项can result fromeither sympathy or guilt要么归因于同情;要么归因于内疚与原文表述一致;故为正确选项..A项may help correct emotional deficiencies可能有助于改正情感缺陷与第四段第二句话… that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency内疚可能会弥补情感缺陷不符..C项can bring about emotional satisfaction能够带来情感上的满足并未提及..D项may be the outcome of impulsive acts 可能是冲动行为的结果与第四段第三句…which can rein in their nastier impulses这可以控制他们更糟糕的冲动因果倒置;故排除..25、答案D wrongdoings解析根据题干要求定位到第五段第二句话“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations; she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.” 且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出现to feel negative emotions;情感属于消极贬义..对比四个选项;D项wrongdoings坏事;不道德的行为;属于贬义词;与其情感色彩一致;故为正确选项..A项teachings 教导;属于褒义词..B项discussions 讨论;属于中性词 ..C项restrictions 限制;约束;属于中性词;故排除..Text 2Forests give us shade; quiet and one of the harder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce; we are threatening their ability to do so.The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.Thankfully; there is a way out of this trap - but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable "carbon sinks" long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. Califormia is leading the way; as it does on so many climate efforts; in figuring out the details.The state's proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture; so they grow and thrive; restoring the forest's capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fire; fewer trees are consumed.The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already; since 2010;drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California; most of them in 2016 alone; and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.California plans to treat 35;000 acres of forest a year by 2020; and 60;000 by 2030 - financed from the proceeds of the state' s emissions- permit auctions. That's only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit; about half a million acres in all; so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.State governments are well accustomed to managing forests; but traditionally they've focused on wildlife; watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. Califormia's plan; which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year; should serve as a model.26. By saying “one of the harder challenges ;”the author implies that_________.A. global climate change may get out of controlB. people may misunderstand global warmingC. extreme weather conditions may ariseD. forests may become a potential threat27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks;" we may need to__________.A. preserve the diversity of species in themB. accelerate the growth of young treesC. strike a balance among different plantsD. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity28. California's Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to_______.A. cultivate more drought-resistant treesB. reduce the density of some of its forestsC. find more effective ways to kill insectsD. restore its forests quickly after wildfires29.What is essential to California's plan according to Paragraph 5A. To handle the areas in serious danger first.B. To carry it out before the year of 2020.C. To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.D. To obtain enough financial support.30. The author's attitude to California's plan can best be described as________.A. ambiguousB. tolerantC. supportiveD. cautious26-30参考答案：26.答案D forests may become a potential threat解析根据题干信息词定位到首段..第一句引出文章话题“在人类对抗气候变化中;森林给我们带来了一个更为艰巨的挑战..”第二句指出人类正在威胁到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力..第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forest that emit more carbon than they absorb.”为本段的主题句;指出我们人类所造成的气候变化问题最终会使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳;而不是吸收..即森林可能会威胁气候的恶化和人类的生存..故选择D项“森林可能会变为一个潜在威胁..”27.答案D Lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity解析根据题干要求定位到第二段..该段首句中的前半句there is a way out of this trap对应题干中To maintain forest as valuable “carbon sinks”; 后半句提出具体的解决方法it involves striking a subtle balance这需要达到一个微妙的平衡;但并没有说这个平衡是不同植被间的平衡;故不能据此选Cstrike a balance among different plants..紧接着第二句提到要达到这一目的可能需要reducing their forests’ capacity to absorb carbon now降低他们森林现在吸收碳的能力;由此可知正确答案应为D选项..28.答案B reduce the density of some of its forests解析细节题做题的技巧是“准确定位和匹配”..根据题干关键词“Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句话..题干中问题是“endeavor to”表示“努力做…”对应文章中“double efforts to” ;因此答案在这个短语之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”表示的意思是使“森林里部分小树变稀疏;清理部分灌木”;这与选项C中的“reduce the density of some of it s fforests”即“降低森林的密度”一致..因此正确答案选C..29. 答案A To handle the areas inserious danger first解析根据题目定位到第5段;题目What is essential to California's plan 中的essential可回文定位;对应原文中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought的vital;其后的prioritize对应选项中的handle…first;areas at greatest risk对应选项中的the areas in serious danger;故正确选项为A..30.答案C supportive解析根据题干关键词“attitude”;可确定是态度题..做态度题的核心是把握明显感情色彩的关键词;即可快速得出答案..而在文章的最后一段;往往会出现本文的结论;容易出现感情色彩的关键词..根据最后一段最后一句;California's plan; which is ……; should serv e as a model California的计划应该能够起到榜样作用;model是一个积极色彩的词汇;所以答案选B supportive 支持的..Text 3American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years now. Given a multi-year decline in illegal immigration; and a similarly sustained pickup in the U.S. job market; the complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.Efforts to create a more straightforward agricultural-workers visa that would enable foreign workers to stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry have so far failed in Congress. If this doesn’t change; American businesses; communities and consumers will be the losers.Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the U.S.; the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers; while still predominantly born in Mexico; are more likely to be settled; rather than migrating; and more likely to be married than single. They are also aging. At the start of this century; about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now; more than half are. Andcrop picking is hard on older bodies.One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it has been all along: Native U.S. workers wo n’t be returning to the farm.Mechanization is not the answer either — not yet at least. Production of corn; cotton; rice; soybeans and wheat have been largely mechanized; but many high-value; labor-intensive crops; such as strawberries; need labor. Even dairy farms; where robots currently do only a small share of milking; have a long way to go before they are automated.As a result; farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using theH-2A visa to fill the gaps in the agricultural workforce. Starting around 2012; requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.The H-2A visa has no numerical cap; unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work; which is limited to 66;000 annually. Even so; employers frequently complain that they aren’t allotted all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome; expensive and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led H-2A workers to arrive on the job an average of 22 days late. And the shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids; which remove some workers and drive others underground.In a 2012 survey ;71 percent of tree-fruit growers and nearly 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western growers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998-2000; 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later; the share of imported fruit had increased to 25.8 percent.In effect; the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.31.What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphsA.Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.B.Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.C.Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.D. Decline of job opportunities in U.S. agriculture.32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is_______.A.the rising number of illegal immigrantsB.the high mobility of crop workersC.the lack of experienced laborersD.the aging of immigrant farm workers33. What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farmingA. To attract younger laborers to farm work.B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its ___.A. slow granting proceduresB. limit on duration of stayC. tightened requirementsD. control of annual admissions35.Which of the following could be the best title for this textA. U.S. Agriculture in DeclineB. Import Food or LaborC. America Saved by MexicoD. Manpower vs. Automation31-35参考答案：31、答案C Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers解析根据题干提示词first two paragraphs可知本题依据文章前两段命制;为双段推理型题目..快速扫读可知前两段大意为：美国针对外来农民所定移民规则中存在一些问题;并指出如不及时解决美国商业;社会以及消费者都会受到影响..比对选项可直接判断正确选项为C项;其余选项均属无中生有;直接排除..32、答案D the aging of immigrant farm workers解析细节推理题..根据题干中的trouble; U.S. agricultural workforce以及段落序列定位到文中第三段第二句..定位段第三至七句都在论证第二句的内容;其中第三句论证的是劳动力的来源及其倾向;第四至七句论证的是劳动力在变老并指出picking crops is hard on older bodies. 与选项D吻合..选项A中的rising及illegal属于无中生有;选项B中的high mobility与定位段中的farm labors are more likely to be settled rather than immigrating矛盾;选项C属无中生有..33、答案B To get native U.S. workers back to farming.解析细节题..根据题干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位到第三段最后一句;其中oft-debated对应原文的much-argued;solution对应原文的cure;剩余信息出答案;冒号解释了这个经常被谈论的方法：美国本国工人不会重返农场..说明本身的解决方法是让美国本国工人回到农场;与选项B一致..A选项attract younger laborers在文章未体现;文章只是提到现在的farm laborer在老龄化..C选项出现在文章的第四段;文章只是说在high-value crops上需要劳动力..在乳牛场机器人只做了一小部分工作..选项将两部分杂糅在一起了..D选项中financial support在文中未提及;属于无中生有..34、答案A slow granting procedures解析因果细节题..根据题干中的具体信息;agricultural employers;complain;about the H-2Avisa..回文定位到第六段..根据具体信息定位到第六段的;Employe rs complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.这句话是抱怨的内容;文中问的是原因;紧接着下面一句话;the process is cumbersome;expensive;and unreliable.并且在这句话后面one survey 是例子..根据例子证明论点;下面的例子和前面的the process这句话表达的观点是一致的..同时;在例子中有for的同义词lead to;导致了arrive on the job 22 days late. Delay;late 对应选项中的slow;procedure对应process..所以选A.. B中的limit;原文后面跟着是人数66;000;偷换概念..C中的request出现在例子中;说的是visa rose sharply..D项文中未提及;无中生有..35、答案B Import Food or Labor解析主旨题..文章第一段明确指出美国农民面临劳动力短缺的问题;而这一问题的根源在于针对农场工人的移民制度..二段和三段分析了移民签证和移民现状的冲突..第四段指出机械化并不能解决该问题..第五和六段分析了现在农场工人所依赖的H-2A签证政策也没能有助于解决劳动力短缺..第七段通过研究调查再次确定了劳动力短缺的问题..最后一段总结指出解决方案;美国要么进口食品;要么进口农场劳动力bor为本文中复现的主题词..故正确答案为B选项..A选项中的decline夸大概念..C选项中的saved 无中生有;D选项中的Automation断章取义;且与原文表述相反..Text 4Amold Schwarzenegger; Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you: It's easy to beat plastic. They're part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day — encouraging you; the consumer; to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.。
考研英语二历年真题及答案解析全面
2010考研英语二真题及答案Secti on I Use of En glishDirectio ns:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the best o ne and mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 poi nts)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___________________ 1 ____ by the World Health Orga ni zation in 41 years.The heightened alert ______ 2 ____ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convenedafter a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising ____ 3 ____ in Brita in, Japa n, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is " ______ 4 ____ " in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization'sdirector general, ______ 5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptomsand a full recovery, ofte n in the ____ 6 ____ of any medical treatme nt.The outbreak came to global ______ 7 ___ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed anunu sually large nu mber of hospitalizati ons and deaths __ 8 ____healthy adults. As much of Mexico Cityshut dow n at the height of a pan ic, cases bega n to ___ 9 ___ in New York City, the southwester n Un itedStates and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade _______ 10 ____ warmer weather arrived. But in lateSeptember 2009, officials reported there was _______ 11 ____ flu activity in almost every state and thatvirtually all the ____ 12 ___ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seas onal flu. Inthe U.S., it has ____ 13 ___ more tha n one millio n people, and caused more tha n 600 deaths and morethan 6,000 hospitalizati ons.Federal health officials _______ 14 ___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile andbegan ____ 15 ____ o rders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which isdiffere nt from the annual flu vacc in e, is __ 16 ___ ahead of expectatio ns. More tha n three millio n doseswere to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ____ 17 ____ doses were of theFluMist nasal spray type, which is not _______ 18____ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those withbreath ing difficulties, heart disease or several other ____ 19 _____. But it was still possible to vacci natepeople in other high-risk group: health care workers, people ________ 20 _____ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appo in ted [C]comme nted [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] nu mbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] no rmal [C] unu sual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B]absenee [C] prese nee [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phe nomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unl ess [D] un til11 [A] excessive [B] eno rmous [C] sig ni fica nt[D]mag nifice nt12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] in fected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remai ned15 [A] placi ng [B] deliveri ng [C] taki ng [D] givi ng16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevale nt [B] prin cipal [C] inno vative [D] in itial18 [A] prese nted [B] restricted [C] recomme nded [D] in troduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] ago nies [D] sufferi ngs20 [A] in volved in [B] cari ng for [C] concerned with [D] wardi ngoffSection II Reading comprehensionPart ATextlThe Iongest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damie n Hirst,“ Beautiful In side My Head Forevet Sotheby ”' s in London on September 15th2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than £ 70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auct ion eer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehma n Brothers, filed for ban kruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm — double the figure five years earlier. Since the n it may have come dow n to $50 billi on. But the market gen erates in terest far bey ond its size because it brings together great wealth, eno rmous egos, greed, passi on and con troversy in a way matched by few other in dustries.In the weeks and mon ths that fo llowed Mr Hirst ' s ale, spe nding of any sort became deeplyun fashi on able, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coin cided with the loss of thousa nds of jobs and the finan cial demise of many art-bu ying in vestors. I n the art world that mea nt collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of con temporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chin ese con temporary art—they were dow n by n early 90% in the year to November 2008. With in weeks the world ' s two biggest auct ion houses, Sotheby ' s and Christieout n early $200m in guara ntees to clie nts who had placed works for sale with them.The curre nt dow ntur n in the art market is the worst since the Japa nese stopped buying Impressi oni stsat the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reck on that prices are about 40% dow n on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. ButEdward Dolman, Christie ' s chief executive, says: “ I ' m pretty corat the bottom. ”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, whe n in terest rates were high, there was no dema nd even though many collectors wan ted to sell. Christie ' s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher tha n in the first halfof 2006. Almost every one who was in terviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the mome nt is not a lack of dema nd but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce —still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, wait ing for con fide nee to retur n.21.ln the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was r eferred to as “a last victory ” because _________ .A. the art market had wit nessed a successi on of victoriesB. the auct ion eer fin ally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful In side My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world finan cial crisis22. By say ing “ spe ndin gof any sort became deeply un fashi on able ”(Line -2,Para.3), the authorsuggests that ____ .A. collectors were no Ion ger actively in volved in art-market auct ionsB .people stopped every kind of spe nding and stayed away from galleriesC. art collect ion as a fashi on had lost its appeal to a great exte ntD .works of art in gen eral had gone out of fashi on so they were not worth buying23. Which of the followi ng stateme nts is NOT true?A .Sales of con temporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other in dustries in mome ntum.C. The market gen erally went dow nward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were await ing better cha nces to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ___A. aucti on houses ' favoritesB. con temporary trendsC. factors promoti ng artwork circulati onD. styles represe nti ng impressi oni sts25. The most appropriate title for this text could be __A. Fluctuati on of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art Auctio nsC. Art Market in Decli neD. Shifted In terest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room —a women's group that had invited men to jointhem. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he expla in ed. "Whe n I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she did n't keep the con versati on going, we'd spe nd the whole evening in sile nee."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The patter n was observed by political scie ntist An drew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catheri neKohler Riessma n reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the wome n she in terviewed —butonly a few of the men—gave lack of com mun icatio n as the reas on for their divorces. Given the curre nt divorce rate of nearly 50 percent , that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed con versati on.In my own research compla ints from wome n about their husba nds most often focused not on tan gible in equities such as hav ing give n up the cha nee for a career to accompa ny a husba nd to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like clea ning, cook ing, social arran geme nts and erran ds. In stead they focused on com mun icati on: "He does n't liste n to me." "He does n't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husba nds to be first and foremost con versati onal partners but few husba nds share this expectatio n of their wives.In short the image that best represe nts the curre nt crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitt ing at the breakfast table with a n ewspaper held up in front of his face, while a woma n glares at the back of it, wan ti ng to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectati on of their husba nds?A. Talking to them.B. Trusti ng them.C. Support ing their careers.D. Shari ng housework.27. Judg ing from the con text, the phrase"wreak ing havoc (Li ne 3,Para.2)mkysrtn®anna_A. gen erati ng motivati on.B. exert ing in flue neeC. caus ing damageD. creati ng pressure28. All of the followi ng are true EXCEPT _____A. men tend to talk more in public than womenB. n early 50 perce nt of recent divorces are caused by failed con versati onC. wome n attach much importa nee to com mun icati on betwee n couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home tha n her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A. The moral decay ing deserves more research by sociologists.B. Marriage break-up stems from sex in equalities.C. Husba nd and wife have differe nt expectati ons from their marriage.D. Con versati onal patter ns betwee n man and wife are differe nt.30. I n the followi ng part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid acco unt of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reas ons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief in troducti on to the political scie ntist An drew HackerText 3Over the past decade, many compa nies had perfected the art of creat ing automatic behaviors — habits—among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat sn acks, apply lotio ns and wipe coun ters almost without thinking, ofte n in resp onse to a carefully desig ned set of daily cues.“ There are fun dame ntal public health problems, like dirty hands in stead of a soap habit, that remainkillers only because we can ' t figure out how to change people ' s habits, ” Dr. Curtis said.“ Wlearn from private in dustry how to create new behaviors that happe n automatically. ”The compa nies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Un ilever —hadin vested hun dreds of milli ons of dollars finding the subtle cues in con sumers ' lives that corporat use to in troduce new routi nes.If you look hard eno ugh, you ' ll find that many of the products we use every dachew ing gums, skin —moisturizers, dis in fect ing wipes, air freshe ners, water purifiers, health sn acks, an tiperspira nts, colog nes, teeth white ners, fabric softe ners, vitami ns —are results of manu factured habits. A cen tury ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaig ns, many America ns habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preve nti ng scrub twice a day, ofte n with Colgate, Crest or one of the other bran ds.A few decades ago, many people didn ' dtink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companiesstarted bottli ng the product ion of far-off spri ngs, and now office workers unthinkin gly sip bottled water all day long. Chew ing gum, once bought primarily by adolesce nt boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in betwee n hair brush ing and putt ing on makeup.“ Ouiproducts succeed whe n they become part of daily or weekly patter ns, said Carol Berning, a con sumer psychologist who rece ntly retired from Procter & Gamble, the compa ny that sold $76 billi on of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “ Creatingpositive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers ' lives, and it ' s essential to making new products commercially viable. ”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new scienee of habit has emerged, con troversies have erupted whe n the tactics have bee n used to sell questi on able beauty creams or un healthy foods.31. Accord ing to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand wash ing with soap ______ .[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be cha nged gradually[C] are deeply rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to __[A] reveal their impact on people ' s habits[B] show the urge nt n eed of daily n ecessities[C] indicate their effect on people ' s buying power[D] mani fest the sig ni fica nt role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people ' s habits?[A] Tide [B] Crest[C] Colgate [D] Un ilever34. From the text we know that some of consumer ' s habits are developed due to _____[A] perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creati on[C]commercial promotio ns [D]scie ntific experime nts35. The author ' s attitude toward the in flue nee of advertiseme nt on people ' s habits is ___[A] in differe nt [B] n egative[C] positive [D] biasedText4Many America ns regard the jury system as a con crete expressi on of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally compete nt to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected ran domly from a represe ntative cross secti on of the com muni ty; that no citize n should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acco unt of race, religi on, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the con scie nce of the com muni ty a nd not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best survivi ng example of direct rather tha n represe ntative democracy .In a direct democracy, citize ns take turns gover ning themselves, rather tha n electi ng represe ntatives to gover n for them.But as rece ntly as in 1986, jury select ion procedures con flicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrim in ati on in jury selectio n as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virgi nia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly in elude wome n on juries un til the mid-20th cen tury. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty uni ess they pers on ally asked to have their n ames in eluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Con gress of the Un ited States passed the Jury Select ion and Service Act, usheri ng in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educati onal requireme nts for federal jurors and required them to be selected at ran dom from a cross sect ion of the en tire com muni ty. In the Iandmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, theSupreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrim in ati on in jury select ion to be uncon stituti onal and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the prin ciples of the US jury system, we lear n that ____[A] both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B] defe ndants are immune from trial by their peers[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D] judgme nt should con sider the opinion of the public37. The practice of select ing so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed ___[A] the in adequacy of an tidiscrim in ati on laws[B] the prevale nt discrim in ati on aga inst certa in races[C] the con flict ing ideals in jury selecti on procedures[D] the arroga nee com mon among the Supreme Court justices38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because ____[A] they were automatically banned by state laws[B] they fell far short of the required qualificati ons[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D] they ten ded to evade public en gageme nt39. After the Jury Select ion and Service Act was passed. _[A] sex discrim in atio n in jury select ion was uncon stituti onal and had to be abolished[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be represe ntative of the en tire com mun ity[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discuss ing the US jury system, the text cen ters on _____[A] its n ature and problems[B] its characteristics and tradition[C] its problems and their soluti ons[D] its traditi on and developme ntSecti on 皿Tran slati on46. D irectio ns:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET2.(15poi nts)“ Suata in ability has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the con cept will always havepers onal meaning. Having en dured apa inful period of un susta in ability in his own life made itclear to himthat sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。
2023年考研英语真题及答案解析
2023年考研英语真题及答案解析2023考研英语二真题及答案解析完型填空真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you’re a writer, you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time, then writing isn’t a priority and you’re not a writer. For him, writing is a 1 job–a job like any other. He has 2 it with plumbing, pointing at that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.3 , like most writers these days, you’re holiday down a job to pay the bills, it’s not4 to find the time to write. But it’s not impossible. It requires determination and single-mindedness.5 that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living. And today, even writers who are fairly6 often have to do other work to7 their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested, it’s a 8 of priorit ies. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 9 some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 10 and your lifestyle, that might mean spending less time watchingtelevision or listening to music, though some people can write 11 they listen to music. You might have to 12 the amount of exercise or sport you do. You’ll have to make social media an 13 activity rather than a daily, time-consuming 14 . There’ll probably have to be lesssocializing with your friends and le ss time with your family. It’s a 15 learning curve, and it won’t always make you popular.There’s just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, 16 your writing–and that’s reading. Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they ca n; it’s the one 17 supporter–something you can’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the 18 it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 19 as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. If you’re a writer, that means 20 writing.1. [A] difficult [B] normal [C] steady [D] pleasant2. [A] combined [B] compared [C] confused [D] confronted3. [A] If [B] Though [C] Once [D] Unless4. [A] enough [B] strange [C] wrong [D] easy5. [A] Accept [B] Explain [C] Remember [D] Suppose6. [A] well-known [B] well-advised [C] well-informed [D] well-chosen7. [A] donate [B] generate [C] supplement [D] calculate8. [A] cause [B] purpose [C] question [D] condition9. [A] highlight [B] sacrifice [C] continue [D] explore10. [A] relations [B] interests [C] memories [D] skills11. [A] until [B] because [C] while [D] before12. [A] put up with [B] make up for [C] hang on to [D] cut down on13. [A] intelligent [B] occasional [C] intensive [D] emotional14. [A] habit [B] test [C] decision [D] plan15. [A] tough [B] gentle [C] rapid [D] funny16. [A] in place of [B] in charge of [C] in response to [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable [B] innovative [C] invisible [D] instant18. [A] duller [B] harder [C] quieter [D] quicker19. [A] peacefully [B] generously [C] productively [D] gratefully20 [A] at most [B] in turn [C] on average [D] above all完型填答案1. [B] normal2. [B] compared3. [A] If4. [D] easy5. [C] Remember6. [A] well-known7. [C] supplement8. [C] question9. [B] sacrifice10. [B] interests11. [C] while12. [D] cut down on13. [B] occasional14. [A] habit15. [A] tough16. [D] in addition to17. [A] indispensable18. [D] quicker19. [C] productively20. [D] above all2023考研英语二翻译真题Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned! Changes in the light, the limitations of your palette, and just plain old lack of experience and technique meanthat what you start out trying to achieve s ometimes doesn’t come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you! Unexpected results have two benefits: for starters, you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment, and in time (often through repeated error) to realise that when one door closes, another opens. You quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents, and this means that thinking outside the box becomes second nature to the painter!Creative problem solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, and mean you’re more likely to be able to quickly come up with a solution when a problem arises.2023考研英语二小作文真题Section IV WritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you are planning a campus food festival. Write an email to the international students in your university to1) introduce the food festival, and2) invite them to participate.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the email; use “Li Ming” instead. (10points)2023考研英语二大作文真题48. Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should1) interpret the chart, and2) give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) 2023年考研英语一答案Section I Use of Englishl【答案】A.coined2.【答案】pared3.【答案】D.Though4.【答案】C.hintedto5.【答案】D.differs6.【答案】B.cvidence7.【答案】C.argued8.【答案】B.forming9.【答案】A.analogous10【答案】D.even1l.【答案】C.perspective12.【答案】B.reducing13.【答案】A.However14.【答案】C.Superficial15.【答案】B.level16.【答案】D.added17.【答案】A.chances18.【答案】A.danger19.【答案】D.recognizes20.【答案】B.poorSection II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.【答案】[A] maintaining their plastic items22.【答案】[B]improperly shaped23.【答案】[D]prevent them from further damage24.【答案】[D]challenging25.【答案】[B]has profound historical significanceText 226、【答案】[C]reassess the necessity of college education27、【答案】B the shrinking value of a degree28、【答案】C employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees29、【答案】D further their studies in a specific field30、【答案】A lifelong learning will define themText 331.【答案】B received favorable responses32.【答案】A art can offer audiences easy access to science33.【答案】A their role may be underestimated34.【答案】B It exemplified valuable art-science alliances35.【答案】C should do more than communicating scieneeTcxt 436.【答案】D protect the rights of ordinary workers37.【答案】A hinder business development38.【答案】D Dismissing poorly performing managers39.【答案】B Employees suffer from salary cuts40.【答案】C is beneficial to bussiness ownersPart B41.【答案】Teri Byrd [F]Zoos should have been closed down as they prioritize money making over animals`well-being.42.【答案】Karen R.Sime [C] While animals in captivity deserve sympathy. zoo play significant role in starting young people sown the path of related sciences.43.【答案】Gerg Newbeny [A] Zoos, which spare no effort to take care of animals should not be subjcted to unfair criticism.life44.【答案】Dean Galles [D]Zoos have people trips to wilderness areas and thus contribute to wildlife conservation.45.【答案】John Fraser [G] Marris distorts our findings which actually prove that zoos serve a an indispensable link between man and nature.Part C(46)lt was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.【参考译文】这也是场在制定和破坏密码的人之问展开的战争，这甚至对那些熟知这时期的人来说都是未知的。
2020考研英语二真题及答案解析
2020考研英语二真题及答案解析1、【答案】Bconcluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2、【答案】Aprotective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3、【答案】Clikewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4、【答案】Aindicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5、【答案】Dconcern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题解析（英语二）今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
讲的是家长对孩子要有耐心，属于比较生活的话题。
下面我们一起来看一下答案及解析。
1.【答案】D tricky【解析】此处考察词义辨析+上下文语境。
文章首段首句为主题句：每位父母都想成为好的父母。
空格句开头为but，句意上出现了转折，“但是如何定义好的父母是个难题”，since后给出了原因，“因为不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的”。
tricky意为“棘手的，困难的”，符合句意。
2.【答案】B for example【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
前面说了不同的孩子对待同样的养育方式反应也是不同的，此句为例证，如果换一种养育方式，一个冷静而听话的孩子可能会比他的弟弟或妹妹反应更好些。
所以用表示举例分析的for example最合适，其他选项另外、偶尔、意外地都不合适。
3.【答案】A Fortunately【解析】此处考察副词词义辨析+上下文语境。
空格所在句指出：还有一类父母描述起来会容易一些，这类就是非常耐心的父母。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，这里在上下文文义上是个转折，幸运地是/还好，有一类父母比较容易定义，并且各个年龄段的孩子都可以从他们的养育方式中获益。
故选Fortunately，其他选项偶尔，对应地，最终地都不合适。
4.【答案】C describe【解析】此处考察动词词义辨析+上下文语境。
第一段告诉我们如何定义怎样才是好的父母是个难题，第二段出现转折说但是有一类父母很好描述/定义，describe与define相呼应，故选C符合句意。
5.【答案】A while【解析】此处考察上下文逻辑关系。
空格所在句指出：虽然每位父母都想成为耐心的父母，但这并不容易。
逗号前后为转折关系，四个选项中while表转折，选A符合句意。
6.【答案】B task【解析】此处考察名词词义辨析。
考研英语二真题答案解析完整版
2019考研英语(二)真题答案解析(完整版)SectionⅠ Use of English1. [答案] 【D】 However[解析] 此处是逻辑关系考点。
空格前面说到定期称重能够协助我们注重自身体重的明显变化，这是正面描述，但是空格后面说的是负面描述，我们能够从词汇hurt上面感觉到语气的转变，所以，我们这里选择D,However(不过). 所给的答案中[A]Besides(除此之外)，[B] Therefore(所以)， [D]Otherwise(否则)，意思都不符合题意。
2. [答案] 【A】helps[解析] 此处是考查词义复现。
空格所在的句子的意思是说：这种习惯的坏处有时候要比...多，很明显想表达的意思是弊大于利，所以空格处应该写表示利的同义词，这里所给的答案中，A helps(有协助)复合题意，其他[B]cares(关心)，[C] warns(警告),[D] reduces(减少)带入句中都不符合题意。
3. [答案] 【B】solely[解析] 此处是词汇考查。
空格所在的句子的意思是：每天称重会让我转译注意力到体重的数值上，而不是宽泛的身体健康上。
此处和后面的4题的数值也很匹配，所以答案是B solely表示仅仅。
而其他答案[A] initially(最初地)[B]solely(仅仅地)[C]occasionally(偶尔地) [D] formally(正式地)都不合题意。
4. [答案] 【B】lowering[解析] 此处是词义辨析题。
空格所在的句子的意思和上文3空格的意思想对应，我虽然体重增加是因为肌肉的增强，但是我所想的是体重秤上的数字增大了，所以会注重怎样把数字降下来，所以这里应该选择是B (lowering)降低的意思。
其他选项[A]recording(记录) [C]explaining(解释) [D]accepting(接受)都不能表达此意。
5. [答案] 【D】reach[解析] 此处是固定搭配题。
2012-2021年考研英语二真题解析
2012年考研英语（二）真题参考答案与解析Section I Use of English反叛，反抗 D.betrayed背叛，出卖1. A.performed 履行，表演 C.rebelled【考点】动词辨析及语义理解【解析】原文to the men and women who ＿＿ in the World War II and the people they liberated中，代词they = the men and women who ＿＿in the World War II,根据其后liberated（解放）得知，这些人参加了二战，并解放了其他人，因此答案为B。
2. A.actual实际的 C.special特别的 D.normal正常的【考点】形容词辨析【解析】原文the G.I.was the ＿＿ man grown into hero中，grown into hero为过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰前面the ＿＿ man，推测应为“由普通人成长为英雄”，第5题后面的“average”也与此题形成上下文照应。
“普通人”常用表达为“common man”，因此答案为B。
加载，负载。
3. B.eased缓解，舒缓 C.removed 移除，除去 D.loaded【考点】动词辨析及语义理解【解析】原文the guy who ＿＿ all the burdens of battle中，需要一个及物动词与burden（负担）构成动宾搭配，由此排除选项D。
另外，根据后文的定语从句内容得知：应该是“承担了所有战争重负”，由此排除B 和C，所以答案为A。
4. B.facilities设施，设备 modities商品 D.properties财产【考点】名词辨析及语义理解【解析】根据原文who went without the ＿＿ of food and shelter得知：of在此表示前后的从属关系，而food and shelter（食物和住处）属于生活必需品，因此选项A正确。
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版
考研英语二真题及答案解析完整版LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】英语二真题：Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Millions of Americans and foreigners see as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used tobe .To the men and women who（ 1 )in World War II and the people they liberated ,the the （2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who（ 3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept incold foxholes,who went without the（ 4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,（5) an average guy ,up（ 6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not . is just a military abbreviation （7) GovernmentIssue ,and it was on all of the article（ 8) to soldiers .And JoeA common name for a guy who never （9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,JoeMagrac …a working class United States has（ 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portraydethemselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, . Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means[C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text bychoosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even manyparents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. Schooldistricts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, arerevising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, .Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with theexception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for morethan 10% of a student’s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students fromimpoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. Butthe policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should beassigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if thedistrict is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do theirhomework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close tothe implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat ofschooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. Butwith homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students caneasily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on theirreport cards. Some students might do well on state tests withoutcompleting their homework, but what about the students who performed wellon the tests and did their homeworkIt is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empoweringteachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thornyquestions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportantto its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce oreliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing.Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework studentsare not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for . Unified to do homework right.is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homeworkto Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______. [A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for gradessuitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’ lives and interests.Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel versionof red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs abouttheir psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phasewas something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” betweeninfant wear and older kids’ clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”becamea common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest waysto segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, ,the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and intereststo Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours?[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumptionmay learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advisedto_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' termscan be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText3'%“preliminarystep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved,,rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatents totwogenssthathelpforecastawoman',acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessing tofirmsandpatientsalike.“isnolessaproductofnature...thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromc ottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,,.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy,companies are ea ger to win patents for ‘connecting the dits’,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----executives to be activeto rule out gene patentingto be patcntablcBIO to issue a warningwho are against gene patents believe that----tests are not reliableman-made products are patentableon genes depend much on innovatiaonshould restrict access to gene tic teststo hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----disease comelationsgene interactionspictures of geneshuman DNAsaying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that -----supreme court was authoritativeBIO was a powerful organizationpatenting was a great concernwere keen to attend conventiongsspeaking ,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is----Text 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it islikely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become lessmaterialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the . ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness mayreinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentmentthat has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the . was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape oursocial fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recessionto Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyleFriedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classesresearch of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’[D]recover more quickly than the othersauthor thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)“Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,”wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favouritehistorical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch beganwork on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus – On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned onits head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:“It is man, real, living man who doesall that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:“Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmitted from the past.”This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public history too: downstairs became just as fascinating as upstairs.Section III Translation:Translate the following text from English into your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developedworld ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around %of all Indians over the age of "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section IV WritingPart ASuppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an onlin store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48、write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)英语二答案：完形填空：TEXT1：21. ATEXT2：TEXT3：TEXT4：新题型：41-45：AFGCE 翻译、写作见后面详解详解1.【答案】B 从空后的句子“他们解放的人们”可以看出，空前的句子表示的应该是参加了第二次大战的男人和女人。
考研英语二2010-2019历年真题及答案解析
2010年考研英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10 points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic__1__ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert__2__an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising__3__in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "__4__" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, __5__ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the __6__ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global __7__ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths __8__ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to __9__ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade __10__ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was __11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the__12__ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has __13__ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials __14__Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began__15__orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is __16__ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those __17__doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not__18__for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other __19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people __20__ infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off SectionSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B ,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that foll owed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector, they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21. In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because ____.A. the art market had witnessed a succession of victoriesB. the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22. By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable” (Para. 3), the author suggeststhat_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB. people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC. art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD. works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C. The art market generally went downward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A. auction houses' favoritesB. contemporary trendsC. factors promoting artwork circulationD. styles representing Impressionists25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A. Fluctuation of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art AuctionsC. Art Market in DeclineD. Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A. Talking to them.B. Trusting them.C. Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27. Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B. exerting influenceC. causing damageD. creating pressure28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A. men tend to talk more in public tan womenB. nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC. women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29. Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A. The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C. Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D. Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30. In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC. other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private ind ustry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corpora tions could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31. According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36. From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37. The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38. Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentPart BDirections:Read the following text and decide whether each of the statements is true or false. Choose T if the statement is true or F it the statement is not true. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Copying Birds May Save Aircraft FuelBOTH Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a birds wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as up wash. Other birds flying in the up wash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern California ,has suggested that a formation of 25 birds might enjoy a range increase of 71%.When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft couldbe separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.45. It has been documented that during World War II, A merica’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”Section Ⅳ WritingPart A47.Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to1)Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei” instead.Do not write your address. (10 points)Part B48. Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1) Interpret the chart and2)Give your comments.You should write at least 150 words.Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)2010年考研英语二答案Section I USE of English1 [D]2 [C]3 [B]4 [A]5 [A]6 [B]7 [D]8 [C]9 [B] 10 [A]11[C] 12 [D] 13 [D] 14 [A] 15 [C] 16 [B] 17 [D] 18 [C] 19 [A] 20 [B]Section II Reading Comprehension21 D选【D】，因为第一段段尾句As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy. 即雷曼兄弟公司破产。
2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)
2024年考研英语二真题试卷及答案解析(完整版)2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Reading the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered black and mark A,B,C or D onthe ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Your social life is defined as the activities you do with other people,for pleasure,when you are notworking.It is important to have a social life,but what is right for one person won't be right for another.Some of us feel energized by spending lots of time with others,_1_some of us may feel drained,even ifit's doing something we enjoy.This is why finding a__2_in your social life is key.Spending too much time on your own,not__3_others,can make you feel lonely and_4_.lomeliness is known to impact on your mental health and_5_a low mood.Anyone can feel lonely at any time.This might be especially true if,__6__,you are workingfrom home and you are __7__on the social conversations that happen in the office.Other lifechanges also_8_periods of loneliness too,such as retirement,changing a job or becoming a parent.It's important to recognize feelings or loneliness.There are ways to __9___a social life.But it can feeloverwhelming __10.You can then find groups and activities related to those where you will be able tomeet__11__people.There are groups aimed at new parents,at those who want to_12_a new sport forthe first time or networking events for those in the same profession to meet up and __13_ideas.On the other hand,it is__14_possible to have too much of a social life.If you feel like you're alwaysdoing something and there is never any __15_in your calendar for downtime,you could suffer socialbunout or social _16_.We all have our own social limit and it's important to recognize when you'refeeling like it's all too much.Low mood,low energy,irritability and trouble sleeping could all be_17ofpoor social health.Make sure you _18__some time in your diary when you're _19_for socialising anduse this time to relax,__20__and recover.1.A.becauseB.unlessC.whereasD.until2.A.contrastB.balanceC,linkD.gap3.A.secingB.pleasingC.judgingD.teaching4.A.misguidedB.surprisedC.spoiledD.disconnected5.A.contribute toB.rely onC.interfere withD.go against6.A.in factB.of courseC.for examplsD,on average7.A.cutting backB.missing outC.breaking inD.looking down8.A.shortenB.triggerC.followD.interrupt9.A.assessB,interprelC,providsD.regain10.at firstB.in turnC.on timeD.by chance11.far-sightedB.strong-willedC.kind-heartedD.like-m inded12.A.tnyB.promoteC.watchD.describe13.A.testB.shareC,acceptD.revise14.A.alreadyB.thusC.alsoD.only15.A.visitB,orderC.spaceD,boundary16.A.[atigueB.criticismC.injusticeD.dilemma17.A.sourcesB.standardsC.signsD.scores18.A.take overB.wipe offC,add upD.mark out19.A.ungratefu]B.unavailsblgC.responsiblkD.regretfu l20.A.reactB.repeatC,retunD.restSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Anger over AI's role in exacerbating inequality could endanger the technology's future.In her new bookCogs and Monsters:What Economics Is,and What It Should Be,Diane Coyle,an economist at CambridgeUnivcrsity,argues that the digital economy requires new ways of thinking about progress."Whatever wemean by the economy growing,by things getting better,the gains will have to be more evenly shared than inthe recent past,"she writes."An economy of tech millionaires or billionaires and gig workers,withmiddle-income jobs undercut by automation,will not be politically sustainable."Improving living standards and increasing prosperity for more people will require greater use of digitaltechnologies to boost productivity in various sectors,including health care and construction,says Coyle.Butpeople can't be expected to embrace the changes if they're not seeing the benefits—if they'rejust seeinggood jobs being destroyed.In a recent interview with MIT Technology Review,Coyle said she fears that tech's inequality problemcould be a roadblock to deploying AI."We're talking about disruption,"she says."These are transformativetechnologies that change the ways we spend our time every day,that change business models that succeed.”To make such 'tremendous changes,"she adds,you need social buy-in.Instead,says Coyle,resentment is simmering among many as the benefits are perceived to go to elites ina handful of prosperous cities.According to the Brookings Institution,a short list of eight American cities that included San Francisco,San Jose,Boston,and Seattle had roughly 38%of all tech jobs by 2019.New AI technologies areparticularly concentrated:Brookings's Mark Muro and Sifan Liu estimate that just 15 cities account fortwo-thirds of the AI assets and capabilities in the United States(San Francisco and San Jose alone accountfor about one-quarter).The dominance of a few cities in the invention and commercialization of AI means thatgeographicaldisparities in wealth will continue to soar.Not only will this foster political and social unrest,but it could,asCoyle suggests,hold back the sorts of AI technologies needed for regional economies to grow.Part of the solution could lie in somehow loosening the stranglehold that Big Tech has on defining theAI agenda.That will likely take increased federal funding for research independent of the tech giants.Muroand others have suggested hefty federal funding to help create US regional innovation centers,for example.A more immediate response is to broaden our digital imaginations to conceive of AI technologies thatdon't simply replace jobs but expand opportunities in the sectors that different parts of the country care mostabout,like health care,education,and manufacturing.21.Coyle argues that economie growth should_A.give rise to innovationsB.diversity career choicesC.benefit people equallyD.be promoted forcedly22.In Paragraph 2,digital technologies should be used to.A.bring about instant prosperityB.reduce people's workloadC.raisc ovcrall work cfficicncyD.enhance cross-sector cooperation23.What does Coyle fear about transformative technologics?A.They may affect work-life balance.B.They may be impractical to deploy.C.They may incur huge expenditure.D.They may unwelcome to public.24.Several cities are mentioned toA.the uneven distribution of Al technology in USB.disappointing prospect of jobs in USC.fast progress of US regional economicsD.increasing significance of US AI assets25.With regard to concern,the author suggest________.A.raising funds to start new AI projectsB.encouraging collaboration in AI researchC.guarding against side effectsD.redefine the role ofAIText 2The UK is facing a future construction crisisbecause of a failure to plant trees to produce wood,Conforhas warned.The forestry and wood trade body has called for urgent action to reduce the country's relianceon timber imports and provide a stable supply of wood for future generations.Currently only 20 percent ofthe UK's wood requirement is home-grown while it remains the sccond-largest net importer of timber in theworld.Coming at a time of fresh incentives from the UK government for landowners to grow more trees,thetrade body says these don't go far enough and fail to promote the benefits of planting them to boost timbersupplies.“Not only are we facing a carbon crisis now,but we will also be facing a future construction crisisbecause of failure to plant trees to produce wood."said Stuart Goodall,chief executive of Confor."Fordecades we have not taken responsibility for investing in our domestic wood supply,leaving us exposed tofluctuating prices and fighting for future supplies of wood as global demand rises and our own supplies fall."The UK has ideal conditions for growing wood to build low-carbon homes and is a global leader incertifying that its forests are sustainably managed,Confor says.While around three quarters ofScottishhomes are built from Scottish timber,the use of home-grown wood in England is only around 25 percent.While productive tree planting can deliver real financial benefits to rural economies and contribute to theUK's net-zero strategy,the focus of government support continues to be on food production and therewinding and planting of native woodland solely for biodiversity.Goodall add:“While food productionand biodiversity are clearly of critical importance,we need our land to also provide secure supplies of woodfor construction,manufacturing and contribute to net zero.“While the UK govemment has stated its ambition for more tree planting,there has been little action onthe ground."Confor is now calling for much greater impetus bchind those aspirations to ensure we haveenough wood to meet increasing demand."26.It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that UK need to____.A.increase domestic wood supplyB.reduce demand for timberC.lower wood production costsD.lift control on timber imports27.According to Confor,UK government fresh incentives______.A.can hardly address construction crisisB.are believed to come at wrong timeC.seem to be misleadingD.too costly to put into practice28.The UK exposure to fuctuating wood prices is the result of________.ernment's inaction on timber importB.inadequate investment for woodpetition among traders at homeD.wood producers'motive to maximize profits29.Which of following causes the shortage of wood supply?A.excessive timber consumption in constructionB.unfavorable conditions in UKC.outdated technology for wood productionD.farmers'unwillingness to plan trees30.What does Goodall think US government should do?A.Subsidize the buildingB.Pay attention to rural economyC.Provide support for tree plantingD.Give priority to pursue net-zero strategyText 3One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time totumover the key.It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-or is forced to stop -driving,said formerrisk manager Anne M.Menke.The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence ofsubstantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety,and where the physician'sadvice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored,it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department ofMotor Vehicles,Menke wrote."Some states require physicians to report,others allow but do not mandatereports,while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality.There could be liability and penalties if aphysician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality "she counseled.Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piccemeal bydifferent professions with different focuses,including gerontologists,highway administration officials,automotive engineers and others,said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan."There's not a National Institute ofOlder Driver Studies,"she said."We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe"and what can help,said DuganOne thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.Mandatoryin-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older,according to one study.Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers,although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.Primary care providers have their hands fulland may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn theirheads or remember where they are going—or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settingssufficiently to reach car pedals easily, As long as there are other cars on the roads,self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes,saidDugan.Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms,she said.Butwe need to do more to improve safety,said Dugan."If we're going to have 100-year lives,we need cars thata 90-year-old can drive comfortably."31.Aecording to Paragraphl,keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road_ .A.is a ncw safety measureB.has become a disputed issueC.can be a tough task to completeD.will be beneficial to their health32.The American medical associations advice_ .A.has won support from driversB.is generally considered unrealisticC.is wide dismissed as unnecessaryD.has met with different responses33.According to Dugan,efforts to keep older drivers safe.A.have brought about big changesB.necd to be well coordinatedChave gained public concermD.call for relevant legal support34.Some older drivers have trouble driving because they tend to_ .A.stick with bad driving habitsB.have a weakened memoryC.suffer from chronic painsD.neglect car maintenance35.Dugan thinks that the solution to the problems of crashes may lie in__A.npgrading self-driving vehicleB.developing senior-friendly carsC.renovating transport facilitiesD.adjusting the age limit for driversText 4The miracle of the Chesapeake Bay lies not in its depths,but in the complexity of its naturalconstruction,the interaction of fresh and saline waters,and the mix of land and water.The shallowsprovide homes for hundreds of species while storing floodwaters,filtering pollutants from water,and protecting nearby communities from potentially destructive storm surges.All this was put at great risk late last month,when the U.S.Supreme Court issued a ruling in anidaho case that provides the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)far less authority toregulate wetlands and waterways.Specifically,a 5-4 majority decided that wetlands protected bythe EPA under its Clean Water Act authority must have a "continuous surface connection"to bodiesof water.This narrowing of the regulatory scope was a victory for builders,mining operators andother commereial interests often at odds with environmental rules.And it carries "significantrepereussions for water quality and floodcontrol throughout the United States,"as Justice BrettKavanaugh observed.In Maryland,the good news is that there are many state laws in place that provide wetlandsprotections.But that's a very shortsighted view,particularly when it comes to the Chesapeake Bay.The reality is that water,and the pollutants that so often come with it,don't respeet stateboundaries.The Chesapeake draws from a 64,000-square-mile watershed that extends into Virginia,Pennsylvania,New York,West Virginia,the District of Columbia and Delaware.Will thosejurisdictions extend the same protections now denied under Sackettv.EPA?Perhaps some,but all?That seems unlikely.It is too easy,and misleading,to see such court rulings as merely standing up for the rights ofland owners when the consequences can be so dire for their neighbors.And it's a reminder that theEPA's involvement in the ChesapeakeBay Program has long been crucial as the means to transcendthe influence of deep-pocketed special interests in neighboring states.Pennsylvania farmers,to useone telling example,aren't thinking about next year's blue erabharvest in Maryland when theydecide whether to sprend animal waste on their fields,yet the runoff into nearby creeks can haveenormous impact downstream.And so we would eall on state lawmakers from Richmond to Albany to consider reviewing theirown wetlands protections and see for themselves the enormous stakes involved.We can offer thema visit to Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge in Dorchester County where bald engles fly overtidal marshes so shallow you could not paddle a boat across them but teaming with aquatie life.It'sworth the scenic drive.36.A.the prevalence of health apps37.A.Its coverage needs to be extended.38.Before sharing its users'health information,Flo Health is required to___.A.seek the approval of the FTCB.find qualified third partiesC.remove irrelevant personal dataD.obtain their explicit permission39.What challenges is the FTC currently faced with?A.The complexity of health information.B.The rapid increase in new health apps.C.The subtle deceptiveness of health apps.D.The difficulty in assessing consumer harm.40.D.has gained legislative support in some statesPart BDirections;Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondinginformation in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(10 points)High school students eager to stand out in the college application process often participate in a litany ofextracurricular activities hoping to bolster their chances of admission a selective undergraduate institution.However,college admissions experts say that the quality of a college hopeful's extracurricular activitiesmatter more than the number of activities.he or she participates in.Sue Rexford,the director of college guidance at the Charles.E.Smith Jewish Day School,says it is notnecessary for a student,filling out the Common Application to list lo activities in the application.“No”college will expect that a students has a huge laundry list of extracurriculars that they have beenpassionately involved in each for an tended periodof time,"Rexfon d wrote in an email.Experts say it is toughen to distinguish oneself in a school-affiliated extracurricular activity that iscommon among high school students than it is to stand out while doing an uncommon activity.The competition to stand out and make an impact is going to be much stiffer,and so if they 're going todo a popular activity,Id say,be the best at it."says Sara Harherson,a college admission consultant.High school students who have an impressive personal project they are working on independently oftenimpress colleges,experts say."For example,a student with an interest in entrepreneurship could demonstrate skills and potential bystarting a profitable small business."Olivia Valdes,the founder or Zen Admissions consulting firm,wrote inan emailJosoph Adegboyega—Edun,a Maryland High school guidance counselor,says unconventional,extracurricular activities can help students,impress college admissions offices,assuming they demonstrated,serious commitment."Again,since one of the big question.high school seniors muse consider is"Whatmakes you unique?"having anuncommon,extracurricular activity,a conventional one is an advantage,"hewrote in an email.Experts say demonstrating talent in at lcast one extracurricular activity can help in the collegeadmissions process,especially at top-tier undergraduate institutions."Distinguishing yourself in one focused type of extracurricular activity can be a positive in theadmissions process,especially for highly selective institutions,where having top grades and test scores isnot enough,"Katie Kelley admissions counselor at Ivy Wise admissions consullancy,wrote in anemail.“Students need to have that quality or hook that will appeal to admissions officers and allow them tovisualize how the student might come and enrich their campus community."Extracurricular activities related to the college major declared on a college application are beneficial,experts suggest."If you already know your major,having an extracurricular that fits into that major can be abig plus,"says Mayghin Levine,the manager of educational opportunities with The Cabhage PatchSettlement House,a Louisville,Kentucky,nonprofit community center.High school students who have had a strong positive influence on their community through anextracurricular activity may impress a college and win a scholarship,says Erica Gwyn,a former math andscience magnet program assistant at a publie high school who is now executive director of the KaleidoscopeCareers Academy in Atlanta,a nonprofit organization.41.Sue Rexford42.Sara Harberson43.Katie Kelley44.Mayghin Levine45.Erica Gwyn口EABA.Students who stand out in a specific extracurricular activity will be favored by top-tier institutions.B.Students whose extracurricular activity has benefited their community are likely to win a scholarship.C.Undertaking too many extracurricular activities will hardly be seen as a plus by colleges.D.Student who exhibits activity in doing business can impress colleges.E.High school students participating in popular activity should excel in it.F.Engaging in uncommon activity can demonstrate Students'determination and dedication.G.It is advisable for students to choose an extracurricular activity that is related to their future study atcollege.Section III Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English.Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translationon the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)With the smell of coffee and fresh bread floating in the air,stalls bursting with colourful vegetables andtempting cheese,and the buzz of friendly chats,farmers'markets are a feast for the senses.They alsoprovide an opportunity to talk to the people responsible for growing or raising your food,support your localeconomy and pick up fresh seasonal produce …-all at the same time.Farmers'markets are usually weekly or monthlyevents,most often with outdoor stalls,which allowsfarmers or producers to sell their food directly to customers.The size or regularity of markets can vary fromseason to season,depending on the area's agriculture calendar,and you are likely to find different produceon sale at diferent times of the year.By cutting out the middlemen,the farmers secure more profit for theirproduce.Shoppers also benefit from seeing exactly where---and to who their money is going.参考译文·空气中弥漫着咖啡和新鲜面包的香味，摊位上摆满了五颜六色的蔬菜和诱人的奶酪，人们友好地聊天，农贸市场完全是一场感官盛宴。
(完整版)2020年考研英语二真题答案及解析(文字版)
2020年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very __1__, particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, __2__, a younger sibling.__3__, there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to __4__: a patient parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still, __5__ every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy __6__. Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a __7__ and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You’re only human, and sometimes your kids can __8__ you just a little too far. And then the __9__ happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too __10__ and does nobody any good. You wish that you could __11__ the clock and start over. We’ve all been there.__12__, even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may __13__ for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also __14__ your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your __15__ with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the __16__ of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when __17__ by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly __18__ to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with __19__ situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and __20__ from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A tedious B pleasant C instructive D tricky2. A in addition B for example C at once D by accident3. A fortunately B occasionally C accordingly D eventually4. A amuse B assist C describe D train5. A while B because C unless D once6. A answer B task C choice D access7. A tolerant B formal C rigid D critical8. A move B drag C push D send9. A mysterious B illogical C suspicious D inevitable10. A boring B naive C harsh D vague11. A turn back B take apart C set aside D cover up12. A overall B instead C however D otherwise13. A like B miss C believe D regret14. A raise B affect C justify D reflect15. A time B bond C race D cool16. A nature B secret C importance D context17. A cheated B defeated C confused D confronted18. A terrible B hard C strange D wrong19. A trying B changing C exciting D surprising20. A hide B emerge C withdraw D escape今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
2023年考研英语二真题试卷+参考答案及解析【详细版】
2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishHere’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 ,upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也挣到了大钱”。
考研英语二真题及答案解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often consideredto be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析第一篇：儿童游戏及其发展原文AChildren play games for many reasons. Play helps them learn about themselves and others, develop imagination and creativity, and acquire basic intellectual and social skills. Through play, children also learn about their world.BChildren usually create their own games, but sometimes they learn games from others. They may learn games from older children or from adults. For example, a four-year-old might learn a game from a six-year-old, who in turn learned it from a ten-year-old, who learned it from an adult. Because children may learn games from many different people, games may change over time. They may be altered or mixed with other games that children know.CChildren’s games are also influenced by cultural tradi tions. For example, many games are passed down from one generation to the next. Game rules may change somewhat with time, but some games remain remarkably similar across generations and across cultural borders. Children may learngames from their parents or grandparents, from aunts or uncles, or even from cousins.译文A儿童玩游戏有许多原因。
2022考研《英语二》真题及答案解析
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题本试题来源于考生回忆，仅供学习参考，请勿用作其他用途!一、Section I Use of English1. Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on the ANSWER SHEET.Harlan Coben believes that if you're a writer,you’ll find the time; and that if you can’t find the time,then writing isn't a priority and you’re not a writer.For him,writing is a 【A1】iob-a job like any other. He has 【A2】it with plumbing,pointing out that a plumber doesn’t wake up and say that he can’t work with pipes today.【A3】,like most writers these days,you're holiday down a job to pay the bills,it’s not 【A4】to find the time to write.But it's not impossible.It requires determination and single-mindedness. 【A5】that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living.And today,even writers who are fairly 【A6】often have to do other work to 【A7】their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested,it's a 【A8】of priorities. To make writing a priority, you’ll have to 【A9】some of your day-to-day activities and some things you really enjoy. Depending on your 【A10】and your lifestyle,that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music,though some people can write 【A11】they listen to music. You might have to【A12】t he amount of exercise or sport you do.You’ll have to make social media an 【A13】activity rather than a daily,time-consuming 【A14】.There’1l probably have to be less socializing with your friends and less time with your family.It's a 【A15】learning curve,and it won’t always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for,【A16】your writing-and that's reading.Any writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can;it's the one 【A17】 supporter-something you ca n’t do without.Time is finite. The older you get,the 【A18】it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as 【A19】as we can. That means prioritising our activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do.If you’re a writer,that means 【A20】writing(1), 【A1】A.difficultB.normal √C.steadyD.pleasant解析：difficult 困难normal正常的steady持续地、平稳地pleasant讨人喜欢的。
历年考研英语二真题及答案解析
考研英语(二)真题解析+答案[完整版]Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with – or even looking at – a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they cling to the phones, even without a __1__ on a subway.It’s a sad reality – our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings –because there’s __2__ to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn’t know it, __3__ into your phone. This universal protection sends the __4__:”Please don’t approach me.”What is it that makes us feel we need to hide __5__ our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach. We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be __6__ as “weird.” We fear we’ll be __7__. We fear we’ll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently__8__to us, so we are more likely to feel__9__when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we_ 10_ to our phones.” Phones become our security blanket,” Wortmann says.”They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more __11___”But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t ___12___so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a __13___. They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow __14___.”When Dr. Epley and Ms.Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to __15___how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their __16___ would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they __17__with the experiment,” not a single person reported having been embarrassed”__18__, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those without communication, whichmakes absolute sense, ___19___human beings thrive off of social connections. It’s that ___20___: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.选项及答案：1. [A]signal [B]permit [C]ticket [D]record2. [A]nothing [B]little [C]another [D]much3. [A]beaten [B]guided [C]plugged [D]brought4. [A]sign [B]code [C]notice [D]message5. [A]under [B]behind [C]beyond [D]from6. [A]misapplied [B]mismatched [C]misadjusted [D]misinterpreted7. [A]replaced [B]fired [C]judged [D]delayed8. [A]unreasonable [B]ungrateful [C]unconventional [D]unfamiliar9. [A]comfortable [B]confident [C]anxious [D]angry10. [A]attend [B]point [C]take [D]turn11. [A]dangerous [B]mysterious [C]violent [D]boring12. [A]hurt [B]resist [C]bend [D]decay13. [A]lecture [B]conversation [C]debate [D]negotiation14. [A]passengers [B]employees [C]researchers [D]trainees15. [A]reveal [B]choose [C]predict [D]design16. [A]voyage [B]ride [C]walk [D]flight17. [A]went through [B]did away [C]caught up [D]put up18. [A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In particular [D]In consequence19. [A]unless [B]since [C]if [D]whereas20. [A]funny [B]logical [C]simple [D]rare[page]原文及答案：While the subway's arrival may be ambiguous, one thing about your commute is certain: No one wants to talk to each other. In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with -- or even looking at -- a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones, even without a 1 signal underground.It's a sad reality -- our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings -- because there's 2 much to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you. But you wouldn't know it,3 plugged into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 message: 'Please don't approach me.'What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 behind our screens?One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach and author of 'Hijacked by Your Brain: How to Free Yourself When Stress Takes Over.' We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 misinterpreted as 'creepy,' he told The Huffington Post. We fear we'll be 7 judged. We fear we'll be disruptive.Strangers are inherently8 unfamiliar to us, so we are more likely to feel 9 anxious when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To avoid this anxiety, we 10 turn to our phones. 'Phones become our security blanket,' Wortmann says. 'They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 dangerous.'But once we rip off the bandaid, tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look up, it doesn't12 hurt so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 conversation. The duo had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow14 passengers. 'When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to15 predict how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their16 ride would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,' the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience, after they17 went through with the experiment, 'not a single person reported having been snubbed.'18 In fact, these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 since human beings thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 simple: Talking to strangers can make you feel connected. The train ride is a fortuity for social connection -- 'the stuff of life,' Wortmann says. Even seemingly trivial interactions can boost mood and increase the sense of belonging. A study similar in hypothesis to Eply and Schroder's published in Social Psychological & Personality Science asked participants to smile, make eye contact and chatwith their cashier. Those who engaged with the cashier experienced better moods -- and even reported a better shopping experience than those who avoided superfluous conversation.分析：文章节选自2014.5.16 赫芬顿邮报，难度与2014/2013持平，明显比模考时的文章容易。
2022考研英语二真题及答案解析
2022考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A. B.C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Harlan Coben believes that if you' re a writer, you' ll find the time; and that if you can't find the time, then writing isn't a priority and you' re not a writer. For him writing is a (1) job—a job like any other. He has (2) it with plumbing, pointing out that a plumber doesn't wake up and say that he can't work with pipes today.(3) . like most writers these days, you' re holding down a job to pay the bills. it's not (4) to find the time to write But it's not impossible It requires determination and single-mindedness.(5) that most bestselling authors began writing when they were doing other things to earn a living And today, even writers who are fairly (6) often have to do other work to (7) their writing income.As Harlan Coben has suggested it's a (8) of priorities. To make writing a priority, you' ll have to (9) some of your day-to-day-activities and some things you really enjoy Depending on your (10) and your life style, that might mean spending less time watching television or listening to music. though some people can write (11) they listen to music. You might haveto (12) the amount of exercise or sport you do. You' ll have to make social media an (13) activity rather than a daily time-consuming (14) There "ll probably have to be less socializing with your friends an less time with your family Its a (15) learning curve. andit won't always make you popular.There's just one thing you should try to keep at least some time for, (16) your writing-and that's reading. And writer needs to read as much and as widely as they can: it's the one (17) supporter-something you can't do without.Time is finite. The older you get, the (18) it seems to go. We need to use it as carefully and as (19) as we can, that means prioritising out activities so that we spend most time on the things we really want to do. Ifyou' re a writer, that means— (20) —writing1.A.difficult B.normal C.steady D.pleasantbined pared C.confused D.confronted3.A.if B.Through C.Once D.Unless4.A.enough B.strange C.wrong D.easy5.A.Accpect B.Explain C.Remember D.Suppose6.A.well-known B.well-advised C.well-informed D.well-chosen7.A.donate B.generate C.supplement D.calculate8.A.cause B.purpose C.question D.condition9.A.highlight B.sacrifice C.continue D.explore10.A.relations B.interests C. memories D.skills11.A.until B.because C.while D.before12.A.put up with B.make up of C.hang on to D.cut down on13.A.intelligent B.occasional C.intensive D.emotional14.A.habit B.test C.decision D.plan15.A.tough B.gentle C.rapid D.funny16.A.in place of B.in charge of C.in response to D.in addition to17.A.indispensable B.innovative C.invisible D.instant18.A. duller B.harder C.quieter D.quicker19.A.peacefully B.generously C.productively D.gratefully20.A.at most B.in tum C.on average D.above allSection II Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A. B. C. or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1On a recent sunny day13.000 chickens roam over Larry Brown's 40 windswept acres in Shiner Texas. Some rest in the shade of a parked car Others drink water with the cows. This all seems random. but it's by design, part of what the $6.1 billion US. egg industry bets will be its next big thing: climate-friendly eggs.These eggs. which are making their debut now on shelves for as much asS8adozen. arestill labeled organic and animal-friendly. but they' re also from birds that live on farms using regenerative agriculture-special techniques to cultivate rich soils that can trap green house gases. Such eggs could be marketed as helping to fight climate change.I'm excited about our progress"says Brown, who is adding more cover crops that draw worms. and crickets for the chickens to eat. The birds' waste then fertilizes fields. Such improvements" allow our hens to forage for higher-quality natural feed that will be good for the land, the hens, and the eggs that we supply to our customers.The egg industry's push is the first major test of whether animal products from regenerative farms can become the next premium offering. in barely more than a decade, organic eggs went from being dismissed as a niche product in natural foods stores to being sold at Walmart. More recently there were similar doubts about probiotics and plant-based meats. but both have exploded into major supermarket categories. If the sustainable-egg roll out is successful. it could open the floodgates for regenerative beef. broccoli, and beyondRegenerative products could be a hard sell because the concept is tough to define quickly. says Julie Stanton, associate professor of agricultural economics at Pennsylvania State University Brandy wine. Such farming also brings minimal, if any. improvement to the food products (though some producers say their eggs have more protein).The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-range. non-GMO. and pasture-raised eggs will embrace sustainability. Surveys show that younger generations are more concerned about climate change. and some of the success of plant-based meat can be chalked up to shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment. Young adults "really care about the pla says John Brunnquell, president of Eggs Innovations"are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what It hink even they understand what they' re doing. The industry is betting that the same consumers paying more for premium attributes such as free-ra non-GMO, and pasture-raised eggs will embsustainability. Surveys show that younger generations more concerned about climate change. and some ot success of plant-based meat can be chalked u shoppers wanting to signal their desire to protect environment. Young adults "really care about the plasays John Brumnquell. president of Egg Innovations"are absolutely altering the food chain beyond what It think even they understand what they' re doing.21. the climate - friendly eggs are producted .[A] at a considerably low cost[B] at the demand of regular shoppers[C] as a replacement for organic eggs[D] on specially designed farms22. larry Brown is excited about his progress in .[A] reducting the damage of[B] accelaratiny the disposal of uest[C]. Creatinya sustainable system[D] Attratiny customers to his products23. the example of organic eggs is used in the paragragh if to suggest .[A] the doubts to over natural feeds[B] the set breaks in the eggs industry[C] the potential of regenerative products[D] the promotional success of super markets24. It can be learned from paragraph that young people .[A] are reluctant to change their diet[B] are likely to buy climate fiendly eggs[C] are curious about new food[D] are amazed at agruculoure advorces25 John Brungvel would disagree with Julie Stanton overegenerative products .[A] A markets prospects[B] standard definition[C] market prospect[D] moricl implicationText 2More Americans are opting to work well into retirement, a growing trend that threatens to upend the old workforce model.One in three Americans who are at least 40 have or plan to have a job in retirement to prepare for a longer life, according to a survey conducted by Harris Poll for TD Ameritrade.Even more surprising is that more than half of "unretirees"-those who plan to work in retirement or wentback to work after retiring -said they would be employed in their later years even if they had enough money to settle down. the survey showed.Financial needs aren't the only culprit for the "unretirement"trend. Other reasons, according to the study. include personal fulfillment such as staying mentally fit, preventing boredom or avoiding depression. About 72% of "unretiree"respondents said that they would return to work once retired to keep mentally fit while 59% said it would be tied to making ends meet."The concept of retirement is evolving."said Christine Russell, senior manager of retirement at TD Ameritrade. "It's not just about finances. The value of work is alsodriving folks to continue working past retirement."One reason for the change in retirement patterns: Americans are living longer. Older Americans are also the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. workforce, and boomers are expected to live longer than previous generations. The percentage of retirement-age people in the labor force has doubled over the past three decades. About 20% of people 65 and older were in the workforce in February, up from an all-time low of 10% in January 1985, according to money manager United Income.Because of longer life spans. Americans are also boosting their savings to preservetheir nest eggs, the TD Ameritrade study showed, which surveved 2,000 adults between 40 to 79. Six in 10 "unretirees"are increasing their savings in anticipation of a longer life. according to the survey. Among the most popular ways they are doing this, the company said, is by reducing their overall expenses, securing life insurance or maximizing their contributions to retirement accounts.Unfortunately, many people who are opting to work in retirement are preparing to do so because they are worried about making ends meet in their later years, said Brent Weiss, aco-founder at Baltimore-based financial-planning firm Facet Wealth. He suggested that preretirees should speak with a financial adviser to set long-term financial goals.The most challenging moments in life are getting married, starting a family and ultimately retiring."Weiss said. "It's not just a financial decision, but an emotional one. Many people believe they can't retire.26. The survey conducted by Haris Poll indicates that .A. over half of the retirees are physically fit for workB. the old workforce is as active as the younger one doseC. one in three Americans enjoy earlier retirementD. more Americans are willing to work in retirement27. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that Americans tend to think that .A. retirement may cause problems for themB. boredom can be relieved after retirementC. the mental health of retirees is overlookedD. "unretirement" contributes to the economy28. Retirement patterns are changing partly due to .A. labor shortageB. population growthC. longer life expectancyD. rising living costs29. Many retirees are increasingly swines by .A. investing more in stocksB. taking up odd jobsC. getting well-paid workD. spending less30. With regard to retirement, Bent Weiss thinks that many people are .A. unpreparedB. unafraidC. DisappointedD. EnthusiasticText 3We have all encountered them, in both our personal and professional lives. Think about the times you felt tricked o frustrated by a membership or subscription that had a seamless sign-up process but was later difficult to cancel. Something that should be simple andtransparent can be complicated, intentionally or unintentionally. in ways that impair consumer choice. These are example of patterns.First coined in 2010 by user experience expert Harry Brig null, dark patterns"is a catch-all tern for practices that manipulate user interfaces to influence the decision-making ability of users. Brig null identifies 12 types of common dark patters. ranging from misdirection and hidden costs to roach motel."where a user experience seems easy and intuitive at the start. but turns difficult when the user tries to get out.In a 2019 study of 53.000 product pages and11000 websites. researchers found that about one in 10 employs these design practices. Though widely prevalent, the concept of dark patterns is still not well understood. Business and nonprofit leaders should be aware of dark patterns and try to avoid the gray areas they engenderWhere is the line between ethical, persuasive design and dark patterns? Businesses should engage in conversations with IT. compliance, risk, and legal teams to review their privacy policy. and include in the discussion the customer/user experience designers and coders responsible for the company's user interface, as well as the marketers and advertisers responsible for sign-ups. checkout baskets, pricing, and promotions. Any or all these teams can play a role in creating or avoiding"digital deception."Lawmakers and regulators are slowly starting to address the ambiguity around dark patterns. most recently at the state level. In March, the California Attorney General announced the approval of additional regulations under the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) that ensure that consumers will not be confused or misled when seeking to exercise their data privacy rights. "The regulations aim to ban dark patterns-this means prohibiting companies from using"confusing language or unnecessary steps such as forcing them to click through multiple screens or listen to reasons why they shouldn't opt out.As more states consider promulgating additional requlatons, there is a need for greater accountability form within the business community. Dark patterns also be addressed on aself-regulatory basis, but only if organizations hold themselves accountable, not just to legal requirements, but also to industry best practices and standards.31.It can be learned from the first two paragrphs that dark patterns .A.improve user experienceB. leak user information for profitC.undermine users decision-makingD.remind users of hiddeb costs32.The 2019 study on dark pattern is mentioned to show .A.their major flawsB. their complex designsC. their severe damageD.their strong presence33.To handle digital deception business should .A.listen to customer feedbackB.talk with relevant teamsC.turn to independent agenciesD.relyon professional traning34. The additional regulations under the CCPA are ntended to .A. guide user though opt-out processesB. protect consumers from being trickedC. grant companies data privacy rightD. restrict access to problematic content35. According to the last paragraph a key to coping with dark patterms is .A. new legal requirementsB. business self-disciplineC. strict regulatory standardsD. consumers' safety awareneText4Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests on sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitzeebel. a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-mimute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester -nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors,including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent-and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent."That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention," Schwitzgebel says.Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involvedin the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable.And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: Easy come, easy go.Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence—classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants"eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile. Schwitzgebel -who had predicted no effect will be eating his words.36. Scientists generally believe that the effects of ethics classes are .[A] hard to determine[B] narrowly interpreted[C] difficult to ignore[D] poorly summarized37. Which of the following is a reason for the researchers to study meat eating?[A] It is common among students.[B] It is a behavior easy to measure.[C] It is important to students' health.[D] It is a hot topic in ethics classes.38. Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors .[A] are seldom critical of their students[B] are less sociable than other professors.[C] are not sensitive to political issues[D] are not necessarily ethically better39. Nina Strolminger thinks that the effect of the intervention is .[A] permanent[B] predictable[C] uncertain[D] unrepeatable40. Eric Schwitzgebel suspects that the students' change in behavior .[A] can bring psychological benefits[B] can be analyzed statistically[C] is a result of multiple factors[D] is a sign of self-developmentPart BDirections：Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)[A]Start Low，Go Slow[B]Round Out Your Routine[C]Talk With Your Doctor[D]Make It a Habit[E]Go Through the Motions[F]Don't Go It Alone[G]Listen to Your BodyMoving your body has been shown to reduce anxiety and depression，lower rates of many types of cancer and the risk of a heart-attack，and improve overall immunity.It also helps build strength and staminaMORE ON STAYING FITThe Major Health Benefits of Even Modest ExerciseBest Ways to Work Out on a TreadmillA Home Exercise Plan That Really WorksHow to Use Your Heart Rate to Help You Work OutBest Equipment for a Home GymGetting back into exercise can be a challenge in the best of times, but with gyms andin-person exercise classes off-limits to many people these days because of COVID-19 concerns, it can be tricky to know where to start. And it's important to get the right dose of activity. "Too much too soon either results in injury or burnout,"says Mary Yoke, PhD, a faculty member in the kinesiology department at Indiana University in Bloomington.Follow this advice to return to exercise safely.41. [A] Start Low, Go SlowDon't try to go back to what you were -doing before your break. If you were walking 3 miles a day, playing 18 holes of golf three times a week, or lifting 10-pound dumbbells for three sets of 10reps, -reduce activity to % mile every other day. or nine holes of golf once a week with short walks on other days, or use 5-pound dumbbells for one set of 10 reps.Increase time, distance, and intensity gradually. "This isn't something you can do overnight,"Denay says. But you' ll reap benefits such as less anxiety and improved sleep right away.42. [G] Listen to Your BodyIf you' re breathing too hard to talk in complete sentences, back off. If you feel good, go a little longer or faster. Feeling wiped out after a session? Go easier next time. And stay alert to serious symptoms, such as chest pain or pressure, severe shortness of breath or dizziness, or faintness, and seek medical attention immediately.43. [D] Make It a HabitConsistency is the key to getting stronger and building endurance and stamina.Ten minutes of activity per day is a good start, says Marcus Jackovitz, DPT, a physical therapist at the University of Miami Hospital. All the experts we spoke with highly recommend walking because it's the easiest, most accessible form of exercise. Although it can be a workout on its own, if your goal is to get back to Zumba classes, tennis, cycling, or any other activity. walking is also a great first step44. [E] Go Through the MotionsEven if you can't yet do a favorite activity. you can practice the moves. With or without a club or racket, swing like you' re hitting the ball. Paddle like you' re in a kayak or canoe. Mimic your favorite swimming strokes. The action will -remind you of the joy the activity brought you and prime your muscles for when you can get out there again,45. [ F] Don't Go It AloneExercising with others "can keep you account-able and make it more fun, so you' re more likely to do it again."-Jackovitz says.You can do activities such as golf and tennis or take a walk with others and still be socially distant. But when you can't connect in person, consider using technology. Chat on the phone with a fiend while you walk around your neighborhood. Face Time or Zoom with a relative as you strength train or stretch at home.You can also join a live stream or on-demand exercise class. Silver Sneakers offers them for older adults, or try Ever Walk for virtual challenges.Editor's Note: A version of this article also appeared in the January 2021 issue of Consumer Reports On Health.Section III TranslationDirections: Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)Although we try our best, sometimes our paintings rarely turn out as originally planned. Changes in the light, the limitations of your painting materials and the lack of experienceand technique mean that what you start out trying to achieve may not come to life the way that you expected.Although this can be frustrating and disappointing, it turns out that this can actually be good for you. Unexpected results have two benefits: you pretty quickly learn to deal with disappointment and realise that when one door closes, another opens. You also quickly learn to adapt and come up with creative solutions to the problems the painting presents and thinking out side the box will become your Second nature. In fact, creative problem-solving skills are incredibly useful in daily life, with which you' re more likely to be able tofind a solution when problem arises.Section IV WritingPart A46. Directions: Suppose you are planning a campus food festival, write an email to international students in your University to1) introduce the food festival. and2) invite them to participate.Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET Do not use your own name, use "Li Ming"instead. (10 points)【参考范文】Dear International Students.As one of the organizers of Campus Culture Department，I am writing to invite you to attend the coming Food Festival in our school.It would be extremely exciting to taste various traditional Chinese food from different areas.There would be such amazing food types as Gong Bao Chicken from Sichuan Province and Roast Beijing Duck from Beijing，which can fully enhance your cognition on Chinese food culture as well as the costumes featuring regional characteristics.Additionally.delicious food can arouse the sense of happiness，giving you all a lovelier experience during the study in China.The Food Festival will be held on the west square next to library，from 9：30 a.m.to 12：00 a.m this Saturday.An early reply on our invitation would be appreciated，and we will be delighted if you could attend the activityYours sincerely.Li MingPart B47. Directions: Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing. you shouldI) interpret the chart and2) give your comments.You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)。
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S e c t i o n I U s e o f E n g l i s h Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome、【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。
Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore、【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。
_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。
需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。
A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise 意为同样地;也，而且。
因此正确答案为C。
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example、【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表示指示器，指标。
B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。
根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern、【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
前文已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是又面临一个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of、【答案】A in terms of【解析】题干中,肥胖经常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。
A、in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。
B、In case of 表示在某种情况下， C、in favor of 表示赞成，以……来取代，D、in respect of，关于……。
因此正确答案为A。
在医学研究和临床测试中经常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康的重要指标，希望考生能够记住这一背景知识，方便日后做题。
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies、【答案】C equals【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高的平方，这里是用文字叙述了BMI指数得出的方法，也就是一个数学公式，所以equal符合题意。
A measure(测量)、B determine 表示确定;D modify(修订)。
句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高的平方。
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part、【答案】C in turn【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_____能够分成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。
A、in essence(事实上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。
本句是将肥胖依次分级，所以正确答案为C。
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward、【答案】D straightforward【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样的数字标准看起来_____，实际上不是的。
A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变的);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里的数字标准指的就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，而且算法比较简单，所以A复杂不正确，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不恰当，一名患者或一名受试者的BMI一般是确定的，因此可变的也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表示直截了当，符合题意，因此正确答案为D。
?????? 10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless【答案】B while【解析】本句中，一些人有很高的BMI，实际上身材正好，_____其他人有较低的BMI 指数，可能_____。