英语专四dictation各类符号的使用情况

逗号

1）用在并列连词连接的两个并列词句之间，连词可说出，也可省略。Eg. I can read light, serious, amusing, or profound works of English authors.(词)

You can meet him at church, at school, or on the street. （短语）

He was tired, so he took a rest. （并列分句）

2）如果两个相似结构共有一个宾语，逗号需要用在第二个结构前后。Eg. He depends on, and is trusted by, his uncle.

3）用在插入语前后。

a. 用在yes, no, sure, personally, probably, certainly, usually 或in general, in the first place, in my opinion, in any case, as a matter of fact, strictly speaking 这类修饰语之后。

b. 用在furthermore, similarly, accordingly, anyway, otherwise, above all, in the same way, in other words, in contrast 之后。

4）用在句子开头的分词（短语之后）

Eg. The thief, seeing the police, began to run away

Plants, with enough water and sunshine, will grow fast.

5）用在句末非限制性（解释性）分词（带状语性质）前面。

Eg. He sat in a chair, reading papers.

6）用在呼语后面或前面（呼语在句中时，前后都要用）

Eg. John, come here. / Come here, John.

What, John, are you doing?

7）用在主从句之前（非限定性定语从句）

8）用在直接引语前。

9）用在状语从句之后，主句之前。（主句在前，状语从句在后，一般不用逗号）

10）用在较长的主语和它的谓语之间。

11）用在同位语前/后。

12）用在省略句中，和分号一起表示某些复杂的词已被省略。

Eg. John has one; Mary, two. ==== John has one, Mary two.

13）用在倒装句中，倒装部分之后。

Eg. That man, I have known for many years.

分号

1）把没有连词连接而意思上都有联系的句子连接起来。（可用句号，但句号使意思断开，可用逗号，但是力量弱，无连词不足以把两句意思拉在一起）

Eg. He is a clever fellow; even his enemy admits it.

2）把每部包含有逗号的两个句子连在一起。（此时不宜用逗号）Eg. Dick is a generous, large-hearted person; but John, Mary and some of his friends are selfish people.

3）用在后面跟有逗号的连接词之前。

Eg. He studies hard; moreover, he has to work for his living.

4）用在两个并列从句或两个短语之间，（此时也可用逗号，但对比性较弱）

Eg. That depends upon who do it; how they do it; and when.

冒号

1）. 用在一个严肃的长的引语前（短的、及非正式的文体里，引语一般用逗号）

Eg. Bacon said: “Reading makes a full man…..”

2）. 用在正式信函的称呼语后（非正式信函称呼后用逗号）

3）. 用在总称之后，后面跟列举。

Eg. He has many books: Hamlet, Paradise Lost, Gone with the Wind, and others.

4）用在列举后，后面跟总称。

Eg. The sea, the sky, the ship: these are all I see.

5）用在表示著作、时间等词语内，把较大和较小的单位分开。Eg. 6:35 a.m.

6）用在比例中。

Eg. 1:3:8 (the ratio of one to three to eight)

7）用在正标题和副标题之间。

破折号

1）用来表示句子没说完。

Eg. I think so, but—.

2）用在列举后面及总括性词如（these, such, all）之前。

Eg. Corn, fruits, vegetables—these are daily food.

3）用来表示不同的人说话。

4）用在一个重复性同位语（又加上修饰语的前面或后面）

Eg. It was a race—a race against time.

His son—his only son—died.

5）用在一个名词及其同位语从句之前。

Eg. Nobody can answer his question—when can we be happy and free?

连字符

1）下面的合成词需用连字符。

a. 合成名词

adj. + n. sick-pay, deaf-aid

adj. + n. + er left-hander, two-timer