On Tess’s Tragic Fate in Tess of the D’Urbervilles
影片《苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的分析
影片《苔丝》中苔丝悲剧命运的分析作者：王小琳来源：《青年文学家》2011年第04期Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Tess摘要:《德伯家的苔丝》是一部世界著名的经典悲剧小说，在英国及世界文坛占据着重要的地位，据其改编成的影片《苔丝》亦影响深远。
本文就主要分析了这部影片的女主人公苔丝的悲剧命运，苔丝不仅是当时经济剥削与社会不公的牺牲品，同时也沦为了注定悲剧命运的牺牲品。
关键词：性格、原因、悲剧、命运Abstract:Tess of the D'Urbervilles is a well-known tragic novel all over the world, playing an important part in the literature of England and the world. Moreover, it has a deep influence on the following writings. And this research paper concentrat es on the analysis of the causes of Tess’ tragedy in Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Key Words: character; cause; tragedy; fate作者简介：王小琳，女，( 1983- )，河北科技师范学院财经学院，助教，研究方向：应用英语。
众所周知，小说《德伯家的苔丝》的作者是托马斯•哈代。
形象生动的描写了19世纪最后十年佃户们的悲惨生活，影片《苔丝》将这一描写更加鲜活地呈现在观众的眼前，影片的整个基调是灰色的，无时无刻不在提醒观众宇宙中的任何存在物都是受一种强大力量支配的，它无处不在，而且残暴地毁灭着人们对幸福和快乐的渴求。
虽然影片中有对迷人景色和快乐生活的短暂描写，悲剧色彩一直是贯穿全篇的主基调，也决定了主人公苔丝的悲惨命运。
德伯家的苔丝金句英语
德伯家的苔丝金句英语Title: Memorable Quotes from "Tess of the d'Urbervilles"Introduction:"Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a novel written by Thomas Hardy in 1891. This tragic story revolves around the life of Tess Durbeyfield, a young woman from a poor rural family, who faces numerous challenges and struggles with her identity and societal expectations. Throughout the novel, there are several memorable quotes that reflect the themes of love, fate, and the consequences of societal norms. In this article, I will present ten notable quotes from "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" that capture the essence of the story.1. "Did it never strike your mind that what every woman says, some women may feel?" - Tess DurbeyfieldThis quote highlights Tess's frustration with the societal expectation for women to conform to certain roles and behaviors. She expresses her desire for her feelings and experiences to be acknowledged and understood by others.2. "Why it was that upon this beautiful feminine tissue, sensitive as gossamer, and practically blank as snow as yet,there should have been traced such a coarse pattern as it was doomed to receive; why so often the coarse appropriates the finer thus, the wrong man the woman, the wrong woman the man, many thousand years of analytical philosophy have failed to explain to our sense of order." - NarratorThis quote reflects the novel's theme of fate and the unfairness of life. It suggests that despite Tess's purity and innocence, she is destined to face hardships and be subjected to the whims of society.3. "That which is good for all and true in the sight of God, men have called humanly and devilishly false and cruel." - Tess DurbeyfieldTess expresses her frustration with the societal double standards and hypocrisy that judge and condemn her actions, despite her pure intentions. She questions the morality of a society that fails to recognize the goodness within her.4. "It was a thousand pities that she had been led into an honest course of action, as if there had not been dishonest courses enough open to her then." - NarratorThis quote highlights the irony of Tess's situation. Despite her efforts to lead an honest life, she is constantly faced withhardships and adversity. It emphasizes the unfairness of her circumstances.5. "Why didn't you tell me there was danger? Why didn't you warn me? Ladies know what to guard against, because they read novels that tell them of these tricks." - Tess Durbeyfield Tess expresses her frustration with the lack of guidance and education provided to women in society. She questions why she was not warned about the dangers and temptations that she encounters, highlighting the inequality between men and women in terms of knowledge and empowerment.6. "The beauty or ugliness of a character lay not only in its achievements, but in its aims and impulses; its true history lay, not among things done, but among things willed." - Narrator This quote emphasizes the importance of intentions and desires in shaping a person's character. It suggests that true understanding of a person lies not in their actions, but in their motivations and aspirations.7. "I have heard that what is good for all is good for each." - Tess DurbeyfieldTess expresses her belief in the interconnectedness ofhumanity. She argues that what benefits society as a whole should also benefit each individual within it. This quote reflects her desire for fairness and justice.8. "I shall do one thing in this life—one thing certain—that is, love you, and long for you, and keep wanting you till I die." - Angel ClareAngel Clare expresses his unwavering love and devotion to Tess. This quote highlights the intensity of their love for each other and their willingness to fight for their relationship against all odds.9. "It is too late! ... I have lost my chance. I have lost it by not being as worthy of it as you were—by being so easily discouraged—by losing my faith in you." - Angel ClareAngel Clare expresses his regret for not standing by Tess during her darkest moments. This quote reflects the consequences of his lack of faith and his realization that he has lost the opportunity to be with someone who truly loved him.10. "Justice was done, and the President of the Immortals, in Aeschylean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess." - NarratorThis quote highlights the tragic fate of Tess and the idea that her life was controlled and manipulated by a higher power. It suggests that her struggles and suffering were merely a form of entertainment for the gods.Conclusion:The quotes mentioned above from "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" capture the essence of the novel and reflect its themes of love, fate, and societal expectations. They depict the challenges and hardships faced by the protagonist, Tess Durbeyfield, as she navigates a society that judges and condemns her for her actions. These quotes provide insight into the complex and tragic nature of Tess's journey and serve as a reminder of the timeless themes explored in this classic novel.。
英语论文范文
The Analysis of Angel Clare’s Tragedy in Tess of The D’urbervilles中文摘要：文学作品是现实生活的一面镜子，反映了生活的方方面面。
越来越多的学者开始从文学的角度研究一个国家的经济，政治和文化根源。
悲剧是小说创作的手法之一。
西方早在古希腊时期就有了悲剧创作。
悲剧不是简单的艺术形式或艺术技巧，而是对现实社会的特征的再现，它可以通过尖锐、激烈的事件展示令人怜悯、悲痛、同情、哭泣等的情节。
英国著名作家托马斯•哈代是维多利亚时期著名的小说家之一。
他塑造了许多悲剧人物，展现出各种人物魅力。
小说除了给人以命运悲剧庄严凝重以外，还蕴涵了作者深厚的理性主义，蕴涵了对人类历史逻辑矛盾深邃反思的社会悲剧。
哈代的悲剧小说《德伯家的苔丝》真实地反映了其当时的社会现实。
小说成功地塑造了女主人苔丝的形象，无情地揭露了资产阶级社会虚伪的伦理道德。
本文试从男主人公安琪儿•克莱尔的社会背景和人物心理两个方面，探讨导致其悲剧的成因。
关键词：托马斯•哈代悲剧安琪尔•克莱尔Abstract: Literature is a mirror of real life which can reflect all aspects of people’s lives. More an d more scholars have begun to study a country from the roots of economy, politics and culture. As early as ancient Greece, there were some creations of tragedy. Tragedy is a kind of literary creati on, which is not a simple artistic form or technique but the repeat of real society. It can depict the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. The British famous writer Thomas Hardy was one of the excellent novelists of the Victorian age. He delineated a lot of characters of tragedies, showing various persons’ enchantment. Besides prov iding the dignity of life tragedy to the readers, the novels contains the profound rationalism of the writer and Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’urbervilles reflected his real society. Hardy succeeded in portraying the image of heroine Tess and revealing the hypocritical ethics and morals of bourgeois society. This paper will discuss the causes of Clare’s tragedy from the hero –Angel Clare’s social background and psycho logy.Key words: Thomas Hardy, tragedy, Angel ClareChapter1 IntroductionLiterature is not only an art but also a mirror of real life. When studying a literary work, scholars actually study history. Nowadays an increasing number of scholars have begun to study the histor y of a country’s economic, political and cultural forms from the perspective of literature because thr ough different kinds of literary works, we can see all sorts of feelings such as joy, anger, sorrow a nd various truths. The manifestation of literature is manifold, one of which is tragedy. The writers often want to show the piteous, sad, distressing and sentimental plots by describing some tortuous or complicated events. In the tragedy, it is inevitable that the heroes or heroines should suffer a s etback or disadvantage, cover themselves in dishonor, experience tribulation or even fail or die tho ugh they have reasonable motivation, wishes, ideal, or passion which may indicate a victory or suc cess. But finally they will either die or get mad. With a bad ending, tragedy often contains a certai n philosophy of life. There are lots of tragedies in western literature such as Oedipus, Prometheus Bound, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Faust, etc. And the famous tragedians are also legion like Aeschylus, Sophocles, Shakespeare, etc –Thomas Hardy for one. He was a prolific and excellent writer, publi shing fourteen novels and four volumes of short stories. His works were noted for the intense tragi c spirit and sense of fortune, from which we can feel the atmosphere of tragedy brought by fortun e deeply.“Tess of the D’urbervilles” is one of the Hardy’s tragedies, a masterpiece which brought him into a number of literary critics notice. It reflected the writer’s real society and its social system and m orals; therefore studying this novel can help us to know about the history of his age. But many pa pers showed that most of critics used to research the writing background from the tragedy of Tess. Many scholars have always put emphasis on the tragedy of Tess for a long time. Only a few sch olars made researches for the tragedy of its hero Angel Clare. He was a contradictory unity –he w as bold in struggling with the traditional view but in the meantime he could not break the shackles of feudal ideas. This paper will see the society from this perspective –Angel Clare, the hero’s trag edy and discuss the causes of Clare’s tra gedy from his social background and psychology.Chapter2 A brief account of Tess of The D’urbervillesIt seems that the fictional works do not concern with the real world. But we know that before th e writers begin to create their works, it can be said that their social experience may be their prima ry material for creation. Some writers created the roles and environments in order to revolt against the worldly prejudice of their ages. These kinds of words are expected to tell people the truth of a soci ety. In many cases, the social background of the novel is the writer’s background. Before an alyzing the roots of Clare’s tragedy, this paper will discuss two aspects of this novel, namely “the writing background” and “the writer and his works” from which w e can see the background of this novel.。
TheWritingFeaturesof“Tessofthed’Urbervilles”
2018年08期总第396期ENGLISH ON CAMPUSThe Writing Features of “Tess of the d’Urbervilles”文/ Zhang Yan Cai XiangyuI. IntroductionThomas Hardy is an outstanding novelist in English history of literature. He was highly critical of much in Victorian society, especially on the declining status of rural people in Britain. Among his many works, “Tess of the d’Urbervilles” gained him a great reputation. As Shakespeare had said, “tragedy is to show people ruining the beautiful. The novel presents a tragic story of a girl who is naive and pure with a lot of misfortunes. In this article the author tends to explore the novel and presents the writers’ writing aim from its narrative perspective and writing features.The story depicts the sad tale of a pure girl from a farmer’s family. She lived a poor but peaceful life. After seduced by her so -called cousin Alec,Tess gave birth to a baby who died of illness, which gave her a hard attack. That’s why she named the baby Sorrow. Tess was overwhelmed by grief and sorrow for a period of time. In order to forget the past and start a new life, Tess came to a distant dairy farm where she met Angel, the son of a clergyman, and they fell into love with each other. But when Angel made a proposal to Tess he got a refusal. Anyway they got married after overcoming a lot of difficulties. While a dramatic turning point appeared on their wedding night. After Angel made a confession Tess forgave him without hesitation and looked forward to being forgiven yet in vain. Angel rejected Tess when she confessed she wasn’t a virgin, even though he wasn’t either. Angel abandoned his poor bride and went to Brazil to escape. Tess fell into Alec’s trap again being his mistress and suffered a lot spiritually. As a result, Angel returned from travelling abroad to seek Tess but found her with Alec. Tess murdered Alec later with hatred in order to run away with Angel.They spent several days of happiness together before she was arrested. The protagonist was sentenced to death and was hanged as punishment. It’s a real tragedy that Tess bore all the punishment and suffering. She was deceived repeatedly and destroyed gradually by the people around her. The author criticized the cold-blooded and hypocritical aristocracy sarcastically and took a lot of sympathy on the working class with enthusiasm.II. Writing FeauresThomas Hardy is ver y talented in describing the countryside environment which is closely related with the theme of the novel. Nature description is a necessary element. Therefore he was labeled as the character-environment novelist. In this piece of art, Hardy adopted symbolic writing features abundantly to elaborate the story.2.1 Water descriptionHard described water in different stages to imply the growing changes of the heroine.2.1.1 Maiden: When Tess was in the maiden period, the author described Blackmoor, as the mother river of Marlot village, with power and energy. It witnessed the girl’s innocence and her growing up yet it’s her cognition of the whole world: “The Vale of Blackmoor was to her the world, and its inhabitants the races thereof”. As the scripts in the bible states: Let the water teem with living creatures...Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life...Let the waters be full of living things...every living and moving thing with which the water teems” (Genesis 1:20) 2.1.2 Maiden no more: Blackmoor as the boundary of Marlot village and Shaston town, is quite dangerous. That suggested as Tess was curious of the outside world and intended to go out for labor, she was doomed to meet her tragedy. “the streams in Blackmoor...were slow, silent often turbid; flowing over beds of mud into which the incautious wader might sink and vanish unawares”. It turned out to be reality that after Tess was seduced in the town her wholeness and life was divided into two parts. “She was somewhat changed-the same, but not the same; at the present stage of【Abstract】Thomas Hardy was an outstanding writer in describing nature and adopting some allusions from Holy Bible. In his famous masterpiece “Tess of the d’Urbervilles”, he explored abundant descriptions in water, color, allusions to imply the psychological state and fate development of the protagonist, thus it brought a dramatically impressive effect to the readers.【Key words】naturalism; bible; water; color; tragic【作者简介】Zhang Yan, Cai Xiangyu, Dalian University of Finance and Economics.2332342018年08期总第396期ENGLISH ON CAMPUSher existence living as a stranger and an alien here.”2.1.3 Purification: Washing. After giving birth to a baby,Tesswent to work in Froom Vale where River Froom is the placeshe normally stayed. She also baptized her baby in the river. Besides washing, water can be functioned as forgetting. “ thenew are was clear, bracing ethereal”, “more cheering than the old place she knew well. “The Froom waters were clear as the pure River of Life shown to the Evangelist” It seems to be related with the scripts in the Bible “And the Lord God made a garden in the east, in Eden; And a river went out of Edengiving water to the garden; and from there it was parted and became four streams”(Genesis2:8,9,10)From the water description above, it’s clear differentwater represents the different psychological state and stages of fate. How closely related between the natural environment and the character. Man is driven by a combined force of nature,both inside nature and outside environment.2.2 Color descriptionIn the New Testament of the Holy Bible, the color red isregarded as lust and violence, a striking contrast with white as the symptom of purity. It appeared fairly common in Hardy’sworks. As in Tess, apples, strawberries, red roses are all co-related with sex, sin or crime.2.2.1 Apples and strawberries. In christian culture redfruits normally carry the metaphor of sexual seduction. Hardy described Tess as a maiden with her red lips many times. Alec was strongly attracted by her lips at the first sight. “Let me put one little kiss on those holmberry lips, Tess” “They had spent some time wandering...Tess eating whatever d’Urberville offered her. When she could consume no more of the strawberries, he filled her little basket with them.2.2.2 Rose. As was formerly stated, red rose can be used to describe the red lips of Tess. It’s a strong implication of sexual attraction which lead to Alec’s flirting with Tess. “Her rosy lips curved towards a smile, much to the attraction of the swarthy Alexander”, “...the two passed round to the rose-trees, whence he gathered blossoms and gave her to put in her bosom. Sheobeyed like one in a dream...til she could affix no more”2.3 The Garden of Eden and some other allusions from the Holy BibleIt’s easily seen that the house of Alec reproducedthe scenario of the Garden of Eden that time based on thedescriptions of roses, strawberries, apples etc. Therefore the story of eating the forbidden fruit would naturally occur. “Why then have you tempted me? I was firm as a man could be till I saw...that mouth again-surely there never was such a maddening mouth since Eve’s!” During the happy time ofTess and Angel, the author called them definitely Adam and Eve, Alec the snake. At the end of the book, Tess and Angel went to the Stonehenge together, which was considered as the temple of pagan. Tess was devoted as human sacrificelater. As a result she was sentenced to death and hanged as punishment.III. Naturalism and FatalismThomas Hardy’s writings reveal a profoundly pessimisticsense of subjection to fate and circumstance. The uniquenesslies on “the fate is driven by the power of nature. The psychological state and development stage are brought forward by the environmental description. The tragedy of Tess started from the only horse in her family killed in the road. Then she was obliged to go outside the village to work. In Trantridge she fed the poultry while acted as a milkmaidin Froom valley where she met Angel. At the final section the impressive sentence “Justice is done” tend to be rather short yet powerful. The whole story came to an tragic end all ofa sudden, which had a striking effect to the readers.IV. ConclusionBriefly speaking, Hardy’s work often reflected the changeafter capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life in lower class. At the very beginning, Tess voluntarily took the load of the family as the eldest daughterafter they lost their only horse. Burdened by the drunkard father and selfish mother, she went to the town to seek fortune. Another reason is to chase the vanity of the so-called aristocracy of their family title. Alec loved Tess from his own perspective. He seduced her in spite of her unwillingness yethe devoted himself to support her family in their difficulties. Later on he persuaded Tess to be his mistress and convinced her that Angel would never return. The return of the husband with regret and forgiveness made Tess heart-broken. She murmured “it’s too late”. On the other hand she was eager to be with her true love again, so she stabbed Alec in the heart after a heated argument. The couple went on their way of escape and spent their happiness for the last days. Both Alecand Angel were cold-blooded and self-centered. They claimed to love Tess but they didn’t accept her as a whole. Thehypocritical morality drove them making decisions on their own value, regardless of the girl. It was the morality and ethic in the Britain’s Victorian era that caused Tess’ tragedy.References：[1][英]托马斯.哈代,德伯家的苔丝-Tess of the D ’urbervilles(典藏英文原版)[M],延边:延边人民出版社,2012.[2]圣经.中英对照 中文和合本[M].南京:中国基督教协会,2007.。
Tess-of-the-D'Urbervilles
Tess of the d'Urbervilles:A Pure Woman Faithfully PresentedAbout the authorThomas Hardy, (2 June 1840 –11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Victorian realist, in the tradition of George Eliot, he was also influenced both in his novels and poetry by Romanticism, especially by William Wordsworth. Charles Dickens is another important influence on Thomas Hardy. Like Dickens, he was also highly critical of much in Victorian society, though Hardy focused more on a declining rural society.Writing featuresHardy’s writing features lie in his determinist stance on the nature of life and the cosmos, his sharp sense of the humorous and absurd and his love and observation of the natural world with strong symbolic effect. He deviates consciously from traditional Victorian realism that emphasizes plot more than characterization. It is definitely to his credit that he manages to bring back to fiction a high sense of tragedy, the Greek sense of fatality. What’s more, Hardy places emphasis on the deeper psychology of his characters. Hardy’s language possesses a silent power and charm.Tess of the D’UrbervillesTess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented, also known as Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman, Tess of the d'Urbervilles or just Tess, is a novel by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1891. It initially appeared in a censored and serialized version, published by the British illustrated newspaper, The Graphic. Though now considered an important work of English literature, the book received mixed reviews when it first appeared, in part because it challenged the sexual mores of Hardy's day. The original manuscript is on display at the British Library, showing that it was originally titled "Daughter of the d'Urbervilles."The story is about the tragic fate of Tess. Tess, sent by her parents to claim kindred with a more prosperous branch of the D’Urbervilles family is cunningly seduced by Alec, whose parents bear the name of D’Urbervilles, and has to return home in disg race. Tess gives a birth to a child, which dies after an improvised midnight baptism by its mother. Later, while working as a dairymaid in Talbothays in a beautiful summer, she becomes blissfully engaged to Angel Clare, a clergyman’s son. On their wedding night she confesses to him the seduction by Alec; and Angel although himself no innocent, cruelly and hypocritically abandons her. Misfortunes come in battalions. Tess’s father dies and her family isexpelled from their cottage. To support her family, Tess is driven back to Alec, who has become an itinerant preacher, but his temporary religious conversion does not prevent him from persistently pursuing her. Clare, returning from Brazil and repenting of his harshness, finds her living with Alec. Maddened by his second wrong that has been done her by Alec, Tess stabs and kills him to liberate herself. After a brief halcyon period of concealment with Clare in the New Forest, Tess is arrested at Stonehenge, tired, and hanged.ThemesAche of modernismHardy's writing often illustrates the "ache of modernism", and this theme is notable in Tess, which portrays "the energy of traditional ways and the strength of the forces that are destroying them". Hardy describes modern farm machinery with infernal imagery; also, at the dairy, he notes that the milk sent to the city must be watered down because the townspeople cannot stomach whole milk. Angel's middle-class fastidiousness makes him reject Tess, a woman whom Hardy often portrays as a sort of Wessex Eve, in harmony with the natural world. When he parts from her and goes to Brazil, the handsome young man gets so ill that he is reduced to a "mere yellow skeleton". All these instances are typically interpreted as indications of the negative consequences of man's separation from nature,both in the creation of destructive machinery and in the inability to rejoice in pure nature.The sexual double standardAnother important theme of the novel is the sexual double standard to which Tess falls victim; despite being, in Hardy's view, a truly good woman, she is despised by society after losing her virginity before marriage. Hardy plays the role of Tess's only true friend and advocate, pointedly subtitling the book "a pure woman faithfully presented" and prefacing it with Shakespeare's words from The Two Gentlemen of Verona: "Poor wounded name! My bosom as a bed/ shall lodge thee." However, although Hardy clearly means to criticize Victorian notions of female purity, the double standard also makes the heroine's tragedy possible, and thus serves as a mechanism of Tess's broader fate. Hardy variously hints that Tess must suffer either to atone for the misdeeds of her ancestors, or to provide temporary amusement for the gods, or because she possesses some small but lethal character flaw inherited from the ancient clan.Human sacrifice ·SymbolismFrom numerous pagan and neo-Biblical references made about her, Tess has been viewed variously as an Earth goddess or as a sacrificial victim.Early in the novel, she participates in a festival for Ceres, the goddess of the harvest, and when she performs a baptism she chooses a passage from Genesis, the book of creation, over more traditional New Testament verses. At the end, when Te··ss and Angel come to Stonehenge, commonly believed in Hardy's time to be a pagan temple, she willingly lies down on an altar, thus fulfilling her destiny as a human sacrifice.This symbolism may help explain Tess as a personification of nature –lovely, fecund, and exploitable –while animal imagery throughout the novel strengthens the association. Examples are numerous: Tess's misfortunes begin when she falls asleep while driving Prince to market, thus causing the horse's death; at Trantridge, she becomes a poultry-keeper; she and Angel falls in love amid cows in the fertile Froom valley; and on the road to Flintcombe-Ashe, she kills some wounded pheasants to end their suffering. In any event, Tess emerges as a character not because of this symbolism but because "Hardy's feelings for Tess were strong, perhaps stronger than for any of his other invented personages".My understandingThe story reveals the spirit of determinist defeatism and enforces its shibboleth of predestination, and no amount of human effort can alter itsdesign of darkness. Tess is a paragon of innocence. What she asks for life is simple enough: to be loved and happy. But she does not get it because she is at the mercies of the odds against her. Two men must appear in her life to confuse and distract her. One is totally evil; the other apparently good. The two both serve as the instruments of Chance. So many coincidences occur in Tess’ life that the hand of Chance is in evidence wherever she goes.I think the factors responsible for Tess’s suffering are complex. On the one hand, the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society caused Tes s’s tragic life. On the other hand Tess’ the weak character is also caused her tragic life.The novel ends with the death of the heroine. Thomas Hardy emphasizes the inevitability of death. Although Hardy try to explain them is fortune of his characters from the viewpoint of the unseen but potential fate, his characterizationandtruth2ful representation of the lives of his characters reveal that their misfortune is evidently determined by the objective factors.Tess’ life is closely linked with the world about her. Tess’ pain, Hardy shows in many different way show herlifewasde2terminedonlypartlybyher own efforts, and how much it depends upon the pressure of things over which she had no control. To a larger extent, the bourgeois society should assume much more responsibility for Tess’ miserable death.Tess’ tragedy was as a result of action of other people or as a result of the social convention and laws. Yet in the novel Tess herself could have changed the course of events. Her pride and submission was also added to her tragedy. In the sight of the world, she was condemned; she was a fallen woman and finally a murderer. And yet, allowing for the society in which she exits one was never tempted to laugh at her or to censure her. As a matter of fact, the poor girl is ruined by the external forces, which should be responsible for her tragedy. Tess was a woman with good nature as suggested by the subtitle of the novel: A Pure woman. Her sweet- nature mind, innocence, simplicity and diligence could not prevent her from being ruined in the circumstances of bourgeois society; she was the victim the hypocritical moral of the capitalist society, the doomed tragic figure, and the innocent lamb that must bleed for the supposed good of the useless sacrifice.All in all, Tess was the totally feminine victim caught in a wed of tragedy. The pressure of various kinds upon her was extremely powerful and hadjust been created by nature and tortured by the real world. The real responsible for her tragedy life, is the wicked nature, and hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society. Tess really a victim of bourgeois morality and social injustice was destroyed by a society, which cannot be sufficient to allow a courageous and even heroic person to exist happily.This novel is a mirror for the spirit of the time. Hardy describes his critical attitude towards the unjust treatment of women and his denunciation of the hypocrisy of the social structures and moral codes of Victorian England.References[1] Thomas Hardy, Tess of The D’URBERVILIES [M]Xi’an; xinjie Press, 2000[2] ChenJia, SELECTED READING IN ENGLISH LITERATURE(V olum2)[M] Beijing; The Commercial Press,2000[3] LiuBingshan, AHOORT HISTORYOF ENGLISH LITERATURE [M] Zhengzhou; He’nan People’s Publishing House。
tess简介和人物分析_苔丝
AbstractTess, the heroine in Tess of the D'urbevilles, is depicted as a victim of the society. Being a beautiful, innocents honest, sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social comventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of the society. Her obsolute obedience to Angel as her weakness in character but also is an inevitability in a girl of her upbringing. And most important of all, it is the poverty of the family that forces her to improper relations once and again with Alec, and finally, to his muroler and her execution. On one hand, Tess's fate is personal, because she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor, and because she happens to get involved with the two men who, though apparent rivals, actually join their forecs in bringing about her destruction. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance.Analysis of major characters.Ⅰ.Tess DurbeyfieldTess of D’Ubervilles describes a tragedy of peasant girl-Tess-betraged and ruined by two men. Intelligent strikingly, and distinguished by her deep moral sensitivity and passionate intensity, Tess is indisputably the central character of the novel that bears his name. In part, Tess represents that changing role of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Possessing and education that her unschooled parents lack, since she has passed the Sixth Standard of the National Schools, Tess does not quite fit into the folk culture of her predecessors, but financial constraints keep her from rising to a higher station in life. She belongs in that higher world, however, as we discover on the first page of the novel with the news that the Durbeyfields are the surviving members of the noble and ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. There is aristocracy in Tess’s blood, visible in her graceful beauty-yet she is forced do work as a farmhand and milkmaid. When she tries to express her joy by singing lower-class folk ballads at the beginning of the third part of the novel, the do not satisfy her-she seems not quite comfortable with those popular songs. But, on the other hand, her diction, while more polished than her mother’s, is not quite up to the level of Alec’s or Angel’s. She is in between, both socially and culturally. Thus, Tess is a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class in nineteenth-century Britain, where cold economic realities made sheer wealth more important than inner nobility.Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent b iblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their expulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even when-like Tess herself after killing Prince of succumbing for which they are punished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.Ⅱ. Alec D’UrbervilleAlec D’Urberville is the nemesis and downfall of Tess’s life. His first name, Alexander suggest s the conqueror-as in Alexander the Great seizes what he wants regardless of moral propriety. Y et he is more slippery than a grand conqueror. His full last name, Stoke-D’urbervilles, symbolizes the split character of his family, whose origins are simpler than their pretensions to grandeur. Aft er all, Stokes is a blunt and inelegant name. Indeed, the divided and duplicitous character of Ale c is evident to the very end of this novel, when he quickly abandons his newfound Christian fait h upon remeeting Tess. It is hard to believe Alec holds his religion, or anything else, sincerely. H is supposed conversion may only be a new role he is playing.This duplicity of character is so intense in Alec, and its consequences for Tess so severe, th at he becomes diabolical. The first part of his surname conjures associations with fiery energies, as in the stoking of a furnace or the flames of hell. His devilish associations are evident when h e wields a pitchfork while addressing Tess early in the novel, and when he seduces her as the serpent in Genesis seduced Eve. Additionally, like the famous depiction of Satan in Milton’s Para dise Lost, Alec does not try to hide his bad qualities. In fact, like Satan, he revels in them. In C hapter 12, he bluntly tells Tess, “I suppose I am a bad fellow-a damn bad fellow. I was born ba dly, and I have lived badly, and I shall die bad, in all probability.”There is frank acceptance in t his admission and no shame. Some readers feel Alec is too wicked to be believable, but, like Te ss herself, he represents a larger moral principle rather than a real individual man. Like Satan, A lec symbolizes the base forces of life that drive a person away from moral perfection and greatn ess.Ⅲ. Angel ClareThe other hero in the novel is Angel Clare, he is a freethinking son born into the family of a pro vincial person and determined to set himself up as a farmer instead of going to Cambridge like his conformist brothers, Angel represents a rebellious striving toward a personal vision of goodne ss. He is a secularist who yearns to work for the “honor and glory of man,”as he tells his fath er in chapter 18, rather than for the honor and glory of God in a more distant world. A typical y oung nineteenth-century progressive, Angel sees human society as a thing to be remolded and i mproved, and he fervently believes in the nobility of man. He rejects the values handed to him, and sets off in search of his own. His love for Tess, a mere milkmaid and his social inferior, is one expression of his distain for tradition. This independent spirit contributes to his aura of charis ma and general attractiveness that makes him the love object of all the milkmaids with whom he works at Talbothays.As his name-in French, close to “Bright Angel”-suggests, Angel is not quite of this world, but flo ats above it in a transcendent sphere of his own. The narrator says that Angel shines rather tha n burns and that he is closer to the intellectually aloof poet Shelley than to the fleshly and passi onate poet Byron. His love for Tess may be abstract, as we guess when he calls her “Daughter of Nature”or “Demeter.”Tess may be more an archetype or ideal to him than a flesh and bloo d woman with a complicated life. Angel’s ideals of human purity are too elevated to be applied t o actual people: Mrs. Durbeyfield’s easygoing moral beliefs are much more easily accommodated to real lives such as Tess’s.Angel awakens to the actual complexities of real-world morality after his failure in Brazil, and onl y then he realizes has been unfair to Tess. His moral system is readjusted as he brought down to Earth. Ironically, it is not the angel who guides the human in this novel, but the human who i nstructs the angel, although at the cost of her own life。
《论苔丝悲剧的成因》OnCausesofTess’sTragedy范文
《论苔丝悲剧的成因》On Causes of Tess’sTragedy摘要：《德伯家的的苔丝》被认为是哈代的悲剧剧作品的代表作，这也是他的的最著名的悲剧小说。
这部部以副标题为“一个纯洁的女女人”的长篇小说于18999年出版，对于这部小说读者者的反应不一。
这部小说讲的的是一个乡村女孩苔丝的爱情情故事，她是怎样由一个单纯纯的女孩变成一个杀人犯。
爱爱情在苔丝的生活之中扮演十十分重要的角色，虽然爱情使使她幸福但同时也给她带来灾灾难。
一系列的不幸构成了苔苔丝的生活且慢慢地毁灭了她她的人性。
苔丝家的马的死去去是她的首先的不幸，这意味味着苔丝命运的转变。
丧失了了家庭的依靠苔丝非常自责，，苔丝对她的家庭的强烈的责责任意识是这部小说的最重要要的部分。
自始至终苔丝都是是受害者，她的悲剧是由内外外因素造成的。
她被动，屈服服，单纯，缺少怀疑的精神，，所以最容易成为环境，社会会和男性唯心主义的俘虏。
尽尽管她一生都在苦苦挣扎与命命运较量，但最终她还是被她她的负罪的自我毁灭意识，对对生命的否定意识和两个残忍忍的男人所击垮。
关键词：：哈代苔丝爱情悲剧纯洁贫穷资本主义社会会Abstrac t: Tess of the D‟Urber v v illes is ge n n erally rega r ded as Hard y y‟s tragic m a a sterpiece, a a nd certainl y y it is his m m ost ambitio u u s tragic no v v el. This no v v el, subtitl e e d …A Pure W o o man‟ was fi r st publishe d d in 1891to a mixed rec e e ption. For H H ardy himsel f, the haunt i ng and trag i c figure of Tess was th e e character w w ho meant th e e most to hi m m. This nove l is basical l y the story of a countr y y girl, Tess whose fate i s tragic an d d in the end she becomes a …tragic h e e roine‟. The book reveal s s Tess‟s lif e e, how the f i rst-present e e d innocent g g irl turns i n n to a tragic heroine. Lo v v e plays an i mportant ro l e in Tess‟s life becaus e e love does n n ot mean hap p p iness to he r but it cau s s es her trag e e dy. Her lif e e is a serie s s of misfort u u nes which s l owly destro y y s her perso n n ality. The f irst misfor t une is of T e e ss‟s family when their h h orse dies i n n a fatal ac c c ident. The d d eath of the horse can b e e interprete d d as the sym b b ol of …chan g g e‟, her lif e e changes in t o a series o o f tragedy. T T ess blames h h erself for l oosing the f amily‟s mea n n s of liveli h h ood. Tess‟s sense of re s s ponsibility for her fam i ly is one o f the book‟s most import a a nt elements.Tess Durbey f ield is a v i ctim of ext e e rnal and un c c omprehended forces. Pas s s ive and yie l ding, unsus p p icious and f undamentall y y pure, she s s uffers a w e e akness of w i ll and reas o o n, struggli n n g against a fate that i s s too strong for her. Te s s s is the ea s s iest victim of circumst a a nce, societ y y and male i d d ealism, who fights the h h ardest figh t yet is des t royed by he r ravaging s e e lf-destruct i ve sense of guilt, life denial and t he cruelty o o f two men.Key Words:Hardy Te s s s Love T T ragedy pu r e poor c c apitalist s o o cietyC O O NTENTSI.I n n troduction (1)II. Anal y y sis of the C C auses of Te s s s‟s Tragedy (2)2.1Capita l istSociety (2)2.1.1EconomicPov e e rty (2)2.11.2 The Unju s s t Law Syste m m (2)2.1.3 The Hyp o o critical Re l igion and S u u perstition (33)2.1.4 The H H ypocritical Morality (3)2.1.5 The C C apitalist E x x ploitation (3)2.2 The P P oor Family (3)2.2.1 The D i sintegratio n n of Peasant r y (3)2.2.2 Th e e Old Wessex......................................................... .. (44)2.3 Tess Hers e e lf (4)2.3.1 Te s s s‟s Beauty (4)2.3.2 Tess‟s s Purity (4)2.3.3 Tess‟s Ch a a racter (5)2.3.44Tess‟s Opi n n ion on Love (6)2.44Other Pers o o n (7)2.4.1 A l ec D‟Urberv i lle (77)2.4.2 Ange l Clare (8)2.5 Coincidents (99)III.Con c c lusion (10)《论苔苔丝悲剧的成因》On C C auses of Te s s s‟s TragedyI Introduc t ionThomas H H ardy(1840-19928)the repr e e sentative o f critical r e e alism was b o o rn and brou g g ht up in Do r set, an agr i cultural di s s trict in th e e south ofE n n gland. Son o o f an archit e e ct, he star t ed out to f o o llow his fa t her‟s profe s s sion. After studying in Dorset and t hen in Lond o o n, he retur n n ed to settl e e down in hi s s native pla c c e. Architec t ure did not really inte r est him so h h e turned to literature.When Tess o o f the d‟Urb e e rvilles app e e ared in 18911, Thomas Ha r dy was one o o f England‟s leading men of letters.He had alre a a dy authored several wel l known nove l s, includin g g The Return of the Nati v v e, Jude the Obscure, Un d d er the Gree n n wood Tree, T T he Mayor of Casterbridg e e, The Woodl a a nders and n u u merous shor t stories.D e e spite this s s uccess, the novel was o n n e of Hardy‟s s last. Tess brought him notoriety, i t was consi d d ered quite s s candalous. H H e was deepl y y wounded by some of the particularl y y personal a t tacks he re c c eived from r eviewers of the book. I n n 1892, he w r ote in one o o f his noteb o o oks, quoted in The Late r Y ears of T h h omas Hardy,1892-1928, c c ompiled by F F lorence Emi l y Hardy, “W e e ll, if this sort of thi n n g continues no more nov e e l-writing f o o r me. A man must be a f o o ol to delib e e rately stan d d up to be s h h ot at.”In s s pite of his reputation,Hardy had d i fficulty fi n n ding a peri o o dical willi n n g to publis h h the book w h h en he offer e e d it for se r ialization t o London‟s l eading revi e e ws. The sub j ect matters a milkmaid T T ess, who is seduced by A A lec Clare, m m arried and r ejected by A A ngel Clare a a nd eventual l y murdered t he first on e e. It was co n n sidered unf i t for publi c c ationswhic h h young peop l e might rea d d. To appeas e e potential p p ublishers, H H ardy took t h h e novel apa r t, re-wrote some scenes and added o t hers. In du e e course, a p p ublisher wa s s secured. W h h en it came t ime to publ i sh the nove l in book fo r m, Hardy re a a ssembled it as it was o r iginally co n n ceived.Har d d y is a Vict o o rian writer,and while t he evils of the Industr i al Revoluti o o n surround h h im, so do t h h e wonders o f science an d d progress s u u ch as the s t eam engine.Rather than hide from E n n gland‟s new industrial s s ociety, the Victorians,and Hardy, b b elieved tha t the ills o f society co u u ld be fixed if, instead of running a a way, we fac e e d the probl e e ms head on.Such as his description s s of the Tal b b othay‟s Dai r y, it encom p p asses a rou n n der perspec t ive. Hardy does not ta l k about a r e e turn to chi l dhood innoc e e nce; he tal k k s about a g i rl getting p p regnant out of wedlock w w ith a baby w w ho dies sho r tly after b e e ing born. H a a rdy‟s Natur e e is idyllic in that it i s free from social conv e e ntion, but i t is filled with life a n n d death. Ha r dy‟s Nature is more pra c c tical and u s s eful. Hardy does not ru n n away to Na t ure to esca p p e; he sets u u p his Natur e e as a model to explore t he idea tha t middle cla s s s Victorian values caus e e many of th e e ills of so c c iety.Tess o o f th e d‟Urb e e rvilles dea l s with seve r al signific a a nt contempo r ary subject s s for Hardy,including t h h e struggles of religiou s s belief tha t occurred d u u ring Hardy‟s s lifetime. H H ardy was la r gely influe n n ced by the O O xford movem e e nt, a spiri t ual movemen t involving e e xtremely de v v outthinkin g g and action s s. Hardy‟s f a a mily member s s were prima r ily orthodo x x Christians and Hardy h i mself consi d d ered enteri n n g the clerg y y, as did ma n n y of his re l atives. Y et Hardy event u u ally abando n n ed his devo u u t faith in G G od based on the scienti f ic advances of his cont e e mporaries, i ncluding mo s s t prominent l y Darwin‟s O O n the Origi n n of Species.Hardy‟s ow n n religious e e xperiences c c an thus be s s een in the c c haracter of Angel Clare, who resist s s the conser v v ative relig i ous beliefs of his pare n n ts to take a a more relig i ous and sec u u lar view of philosophy.The novel a a lso reflect s s Hardy‟s pr e e occupation w w ith social c c lass that c o o ntinues thr o o ugh his nov e e ls. Hardy h a a d connectio n n s to both t h h e working a n n d the upper class, but f elt that he belonged to neither. Th i s is reflec t ed in the p e e ssimism con t ained in Te s s s of the d‟U U rbervilles t oward the c h h ances for T e e ss to ascen d d in society and Angel‟s precarious p p osition as n n either a me m m ber of the u u pper class n n or a workin g g person equ i valent to h i s fellow mi l kmen at Tal b b othays. Aga i n, like Ang e e l Clare, Th o o mas Hardy f o o und himself torn betwee n n different s s ocial spher e e s with whic h h he could n o o t fully ali g g n himself. T T ess of the d d‟Urber ville s s reflects t h h at The fac t that Tess‟s s fate moves the readers so directly and profoun d d ly somehow o o bscures the beauty of t h h e book, its aesthetic d e e pth and sub t lety. Donal d d Davidson o n n ce wrote, “A A ction, not d d escription,is always f o o remost; the event domin a a tes, rather than motive, or psychol o o gy, or comm e e nt.” But th e e descriptio n n and psycho l ogy are ver y y important i nthe novel; from these we could kn o o w what caus e e s Tess‟s tr a a gedy.As En s s tice points out, “two o p p posing elem e e nts struggl e e for domina n n ce with Tes s s: the law o f nature and the law of V V ictorian mo r ality”. Har d d y asserts i n n the subtit l e that Tess is a faithf u u lly present e e d pure woma n n instead of a morally l o o ose woman a s s many Victo r ian critics believed. T h h ough Tess l o o oses her ch a a stity she i s s pathetic. W W e should kn o o w Tess‟s tr a a gedy is cau s s ed by socie t y, family, t wo men, her s s elf. Among t hese societ y y is the sou r ce of her t r agedy; Hard y y criticized the bourgeo i s society r e e lentlessly.From this t h h esis we wil l get some k n n owledge abo u u t the cause s s of Tess‟s t ragedy, esp e e cially the c c apitalist s o o ciety in Vi c c torian time s s.II Anal y y sis of the C C auses of Te s s s‟s Tragedy2.1 Capita l ist SocietyIt is obviou s s that Hardy tried to sh o o w how all t h h e supposedl y y criminal o r immoral ac t ions commit t ed by Tess----from her i mproper rel a a tions once a a nd again wi t h Alec to h e e r final act of murder----are the co n n sequences o f economic c o o nditions as well as the legal, mora l and the re l igious stan d d ards of bou r geois socie t y, for only the utter p o o verty of Te s s s‟s family,the double m m oral standa r d for man a n n d woman and the religio u u s concept o f sin made i t inevitable for her to g g o to work o n n the farms a a nd to fall i nto the tra p p s of Alec a n n d the accus a a tions of An g g el untilhe r remorse an d d her bitter n n ess over he r fate led u p p to the mur d d er. She is a a victim of e e conomic opp r ession and s s ocial injus t ice. Though much of the story has t o o do with lo v v e and marri a a ge, the rea l theme of t h h e novel has a much wide r significan c c e, it is th e e social tra g g edy of Tess from the la b b ouring mass placed agai s s t the moral and religio u u s prejudice s s as well as the legal a n n d education a a l systems o f a class so c c iety. To Ha r dy the conf l ict seems t o o be one bet w w een an indi v v idual and t h h e society, a a ctually it i s the confl i ct between a a n individua l of the opp r essed and t h h e society o f bourgeois o o ppression. H H ardy‟s defi a a nce against the status q q uo of Victo r ian England is both fie r ce and unre l enting and t hat is why t he novel me t with terri f ic accusati o o ns from the bourgeois a u u thorities a n n d the criti c c s.2.1.1 E E conomic Pov e e rty本科毕业论文，Q Q Q583301131。
德伯家的苔丝文献综述 英文
德伯家的苔丝文献综述英文Title: A Literary Review of "Tess of the d'Urbervilles""Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a timeless novel that has captivated readers across the globe since its publication in 1891. Set in the Victorian era, Thomas Hardy's masterpiece tells the tragic tale of Tess Durbeyfield, a young woman whose life is marked by misfortune and social injustice. This literary review aims to explore the themes, characters, and literary devices employed by Hardy in his portrayal of Tess's tragic fate.The novel opens with the revelation that Tess's family claims descent from the once-illustrious d'Urberville family. This revelation sets the stage for Tess's life of struggle and disappointment. Hardy cleverly crafts a narrative that weaves together themes of social class, morality, and female empowerment, all of which are explored through Tess's tragic journey.Tess's character is multi-faceted and complex, making her a sympathetic and enduring figure. She is kind-hearted and pure, yet her life is a constant series of disasters. Her innocence and naivety are her undoing, as she naively trusts those who abuse and exploit her. Hardy's portrayal of Tess as a victim of social circumstances and moral hypocrisy is both heartbreaking and thought-provoking.The novel's narrative structure is also noteworthy. Hardy employs a variety of literary devices, such as flashbacks and internal monologues, to delve into Tess's thoughts and feelings. This allows readers to experience her emotional journey and understand her actions and decisions. The use of these devices also adds depth and richness to the narrative, making it both engaging and thought-provoking."Tess of the d'Urbervilles" also comments on the social and moral issues of its time. The novel criticizes the hypocrisy and cruelty of the upper classes, particularly through the figure of Alec d'Urberville. Alec's actions towards Tess are both immoral and illegal, yet he remainsunrepentant and unpunished. This contrasts sharply with Tess's own morality and innocence, highlighting the injustice of the social system.The novel also explores the role of women in Victorian society. Tess's tragic fate is partly a result of thesocial expectations and constraints placed on women at that time. She is expected to be obedient and submissive, yet her actions and decisions are constantly judged and criticized. This adds to her already沉重burdens and contributes to her ultimate downfall.In conclusion, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a timeless novel that continues to resonate with readers today. Hardy's masterful portrayal of Tess's tragic fate, coupled with his commentary on social and moral issues, makes this novel both an engaging read and an important work of literature. The themes and characters explored in the novel are both timeless and universal, making it a must-read for anyone interested in literature or social history.。
形容不该相遇的爱情诗句
形容不该相遇的爱情诗句英文回答：Love is a beautiful and powerful emotion, but sometimes it can lead us into impossible situations. When two people are meant to be together, no obstacle can keep them apart. But what happens when two people are from different worlds and their love is forbidden? This is the theme of manytragic love stories throughout history.One of the most famous examples of forbidden love isthe story of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo is a Montague, and Juliet is a Capulet. Their families are sworn enemies, and their love is therefore doomed from the start. Despite the obstacles, Romeo and Juliet fall deeply in love. They exchange secret vows and plan to run away together. Buttheir plan is discovered, and Romeo is banished from Verona. Juliet is devastated, and she takes her own life ratherthan live without him.Another example of forbidden love is the story of Tristan and Isolde. Tristan is a knight of the Round Table, and Isolde is the wife of King Mark. Tristan and Isoldefall in love, and they begin a secret affair. But their love is discovered, and they are both condemned to death. Tristan is banished from the kingdom, and Isolde is imprisoned. Tristan eventually dies of a broken heart, and Isolde dies of grief soon after.These are just two examples of the many tragic love stories that have been told throughout history. Forbidden love is a powerful theme that has resonated with audiences for centuries. It is a reminder that love can conquer all, but sometimes it can also lead to tragedy.Here are some additional quotes about forbidden love:"Love is not love which alters when it alteration finds." William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116。
苔丝读后感英文500字
苔丝读后感英文500字Reflections on "Tess of the D'Urbervilles""Tess of the D'Urbervilles" is a tragic tale that explores the complexities of fate, morality, and social pressures on individuals. Written by Thomas Hardy, this novel tells the story of Tess Durbeyfield, a beautiful and unworldly young woman who, despite her best efforts, finds herself caught in a web of circumstances beyond her control.Tess's life is marked by a series of misfortunes and decisions that seem to doom her from the outset. From her humble beginnings in a rural family, she is thrown into a world she neither understands nor desires. Her beauty becomes a curse as it attracts the unwanted attention of men who see her as a prize to be won, rather than a person with her own aspirations and dreams.The novel's central conflict lies in the clash between Tess's innocence and the corrupting influence of society.Her naivety leads her to make choices that, while seeming innocent at the time, ultimately lead to her undoing. Sheis continually pushed and pulled by external forces, whether it be the expectations of her family, the seductive promises of men, or the unforgiving nature of society's moral code.What makes "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" so poignant is the way it portrays Tess's struggle against these forces. She fights valiantly, but it is a fight that seems destined to fail. Her tragic ending, while unexpected, feels inevitable given the weight of her circumstances.The novel also raises questions about the role of fate in an individual's life. Is Tess's fate simply a matter of bad luck or is it a reflection of a larger social system that traps and destroys those who dare to challenge it? The answer, perhaps, lies somewhere in the middle. Tess's story is both a cautionary tale about the dangers of society's expectations and a celebration of the human spirit'srefusal to accept those expectations without a fight.In conclusion, "Tess of the D'Urbervilles" is aprofound exploration of human nature and its intersection with society. It tells a heartbreaking story of love, loss, and the relentless pull of fate. Through Tess's tragic life, we are reminded of the fragility of the human spirit andthe importance of resisting the corrosive influence of society's norms.。
苔丝英文读后感200
苔丝英文读后感200After reading "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" by Thomas Hardy, I was deeply moved by the tragic story of Tess andthe social injustices she faced. The novel explores themesof fate, morality, and the struggles of a young woman in a patriarchal society, and it left a lasting impression on me.The character of Tess is one that I found myself sympathizing with throughout the novel. She is a strong and resilient young woman who is constantly faced with adversity. From the very beginning, Tess is portrayed as a victim of fate, as she is born into a poor family and is later taken advantage of by the wealthy and powerful Alecd'Urberville. Despite her hardships, Tess remains morally upright and strives to do what is right, even when it means sacrificing her own happiness.One of the most striking aspects of the novel is theway in which Hardy portrays the societal norms and expectations that oppress Tess. As a woman in VictorianEngland, Tess is constantly judged and condemned for her actions, while the men around her are able to act with impunity. This inequality is a central theme of the novel, and it serves as a powerful critique of the double standards and injustices that women faced during that time period.The tragic fate of Tess is a stark reminder of the harsh realities of life, and it left me feeling a sense of sadness and injustice. Despite her best efforts to overcome the obstacles in her path, Tess is ultimately unable to escape her fate, and her story serves as a poignant commentary on the limitations placed on women in society.In addition to the themes of fate and morality, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" also delves into the complexities of human relationships. The love triangle between Tess, Angel, and Alec is a central focus of the novel, and it highlights the ways in which love and desire can both empower and destroy individuals. The emotional turmoil experienced by the characters is palpable, and it serves as a reminder of the profound impact that our actions can have on thosearound us.Overall, "Tess of the d'Urbervilles" is a powerful and thought-provoking novel that has left a lasting impression on me. The tragic story of Tess and the social injustices she faced serve as a reminder of the enduring power of literature to shed light on the human condition. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to read this novel, and I will carry its lessons with me for years to come.。
读《俄狄浦斯王》的读书笔记英文
读《俄狄浦斯王》的读书笔记英文，600字Oedipus the King, one of Sophocles' most renowned works, is a remarkable tragedy that deals with matters of destiny and fate. Oedipus is a tragic hero who unknowingly and unwillingly carries out a prophecy that condemns himself and his family to tragedy and suffering. The story of Oedipus is a classic example of how even in the face of the most unthinkable predictions, humans can still find ways to overcome their unavoidable destinies.At the beginning of the play, it is clear that Oedipus already knows his own terrible fate. Rather than accepting it and moving on, he embarks on a quest to rid Thebes of a plague brought about by a murderer whom he does not know. Throughout this quest Oedipus demonstrates his courage and determination as he willingly takes on the challenge of solving the riddle of the Sphinx. This heroic action serves as a demonstration of his own strength despite the foreknowledge of his future.Despite his determination, Oedipus soon finds himself at odds with the gods, and in the process discovers the horrible truth of his birth. Knowing of his eventual downfall, Oedipus chooses to remain in Thebes, determined to make the best of his remaining days. He shows great strength in his willingness to stay and face his fate, rather than running away in fear. His dedication to the welfare of the city also reflects his courage and loyalty in the face of adversity. The tragedy of Oedipus is ultimately realized in the recognition of his own ultimate destruction. Oedipus begins to blind himself in despair, symbolizing both his guilt and remorse as well as his acceptance of his unavoidable fate. Despite the tragedy of his story,Oedipus finds redemption in his nobility, courage and determination. In his acceptance of his destiny, Oedipus strips away his last chance of holding onto a false hope, and instead finds peace in his true fate.。
tess读后感
Tess - a poor woman with a double characterTess is the main character of Tess of the d'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy. This novel describes her poor tragic fate which makes the readers quite sympathize with her. Her whole life is consisted of one after another tragedy and that’s why I decide to write down this article.The heroine Tess was born in a poor family and she had a little of sisters and brothers. Her parents were hawkers so they could not support a whole family’s lives. Her father always believed he was a descendant of the noble. He imagined to be a noble instead of working hard. Tess’ s mother just wanted to find a good husband for Tess in order to revive family. But Tess preferred living with her poor family to finding her rich relatives. Tess’ s parents urged her to meet the old rich women to close their relationships. At her house, she was seduced by Alec, the son of rich women, a cunning lewd guy. Tess was in shame so she left home and worked in a milk farm. At that new place, she fell in love and engaged with Angel Clare, a well-educated lovely young man. In the wedding night, she revealed her former misfortune experience to her husband, but his husband expressed that he could not forgive her because he ever thought her of a holy angel. Clare went to Brazil and Tess was abandoned just after the wedding day. Tess kept working in the farm just as before.At that time, Alec still pestered her after they met each other again. Unfortunately, her father died of heart attack, the relatives refused to rent house for them. Under the hopeless desperation, Tess had no choice but to live together with him. After several months, Claire came back from abroad and he had already forgiven his wife due to the enlighten words of others. He was surprised to find Tess living with another man. In this case, Tess painfully think Alec made her lost Angel for the second time, so she killed him angrily. She found Angel and spent last five happy days with him. In the end, she was arrested and hanged, her tragic career finally ended.Tess is a poor girl whose destiny is filled with ups and downs. Her familyconditions resulted in her inferiority character, and the surroundings could not afford her superior life, so she always did hard work in order to support her family. In this way, she is a sensitive and carefully girl who were not willing to find her rich relatives. Under the deep pressure of her parents, she embarked on the road to lament. Tess was surrounded by Alec when she working at rich relatives’ house. During the process of getting on, she was too naive to escape from his control and Alec’s desires became more and more intense. Finally, Alec made use of his employer identity and exerted his high social power to seduce and rape Tess. This is one point to show her character of cowardly. What’s more, when she met with Angel and fell in love with him, she could have many chances to reveal facts to him, but she was in the hesitate for a long time. Although she put an envelope into the door, it was hindered by the carpet. She lost the chance to reveal, so that Angel could not forgive the ripe things and finally abandoned her. That’s another point to show her weakness point. In the end, when her family was expelled from old house, she had no choice but to accept Alec’s ideas which living with his as a lover. And this also lead to her another tragedy which she killed Alec in dispirited and discouraged and finally been crushed. Actually, the cowardly points in character resulted in her poor life.On the other hand, Tess is a hesitant person. At beginning, when she came to the party where she first met with Angel, she did not grasp the chance to talk with him. So this section also indicates that she would miss him for the whole life. Furthermore, when she was ripped by Alec, she even gave birth to his baby. Although she hated him, she paid much attention to his baby. When the little baby died of illness, Tess felt sad and buried him as well as pray for him. And then, she is also a person who without enough determination. When Alec came back to find her, Tess was hesitant to know whether she will respond or not. Finally she agreed to live with him because she had to support her family. That’s why her whole life is dramatic enough and make readers sympathize with her fate. If Tess ever refused to Alec strongly, her destiny may change to another end.At the last section of whole book, Angel came back to his wife but it's really saddening for him to find out Tess was Alec’s wife. Tess believed it was Alec who cheated and destroyed her whole life. What impressed me most is she killed Alec Killhim decisively. She finally became brave for the first time, ended not his life but also her life. Although she was sentenced to death, her heart could be calm. She would He is completely free of the hateful person. In the last five days, she absolutely spent the meaningful days.Tess of the d'Urbervilles is a novel to describes how a pure, lovely and beautiful country girl was forced to pick up weapons to revenge to her enemy. It’s a piteous story which could make us think about it. Tess's tragedy is the product of the society and the tragedy of Tess is also a tragedy of the society. This novel plays an important role in British literature and everyone needs to read and study it.。
苔丝 论文
Tess of the D’Urbervilles is the most influential one of all Thomas Hardy’s works. The novel tells a tragic life about a beautiful and pure girl after disgrace. This thesis analyzes the personal character and society tragedy open out at that time. The author, Hardy, revealed a common girl, Tess, fought with the society helplessly. Finally, Tess’s tragic life can not be separated from her own weakness in character Keywords :Tess; Tragic Life; personal character；Victim of Society摘要《德伯家的苔丝》是托马斯·哈代最为有影响力的一部著作。
该小说主要讲述了一个美丽纯真的少女失身后悲惨的命运。
论文分析了造成苔丝悲剧的原因，个人的性格和社会的因素。
苔丝的悲剧生活于其自身的弱点是分不开的。
作者哈代揭示了一个普通女孩，苔丝无助地与当时社会抗争，最终苔丝成为社会的牺牲品。
关键词：苔丝；悲惨的命运；性格因素；社会的牺牲品Introduction (3)I Historic al Background (5)1.1: A brief introduction to Hardy (5)1.2: Work Background (6)II Deep consideration about tragic fate (6)III Society tragedy (7)3.1 Family tragedy (7)3.2 Society tragedy (8)3.3Worldly prejudice (8)IV:Her own personality Conclusion (9)Bibliography (9)IntroductionTess was born in a poor family. One day, her father was told that he was the lineal descendants of ancient family of the D’Urbervilles. He and his vain and vulgar wife decided to sent Tess to a rich family also called D’Urbervilles’s descendant. In order to increase their society status, Tess went to the rich family, after that being raped and pregnant. The child was born, then died soon. Several years later, she left home to a milk factory to work. There did she meet her true love Angel Clare. They fell in love and engaged. She greatly admired Angel Clare and loved him. But Angel did not learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night. On the wedding night, Tess told all about it to his husband, but she did not get his understanding. After that Angel abandoned her then he went to Brazil to develop his business alone. When Tess and Alec met again, because of the hard life, she lived with Alec again. Several years later, Angel returned from abroad. He was very sorry for what he did. And he told Tess his thought. For Tess loved him so addicted, she wanted to back to Angel. So Tess murdered Alec.After she spent a few days of happiness with Angel, Tess was arrested and then died. Thomas Hardy was the last important novelist of the Victoria ages, an age of realism rather than of romanticism –a realism which strives to tell the whole truth showing moral and physical diseases as they are. Victorian literature in general truthfully represents the reality and spirit of this age long—realistic, thickly plotted, and crowded with characters. Hardy’s expression of the truth of this age which came from the agitation of life and fatalism of human being also had a high placein Western literature. The tragic idea in H ardy’s novels spring and develop in form and connotation. The tragedy consciousness in Hardy’s novels originated from Western traditional tragic spirit which was full of rationalism and profound reflection on the contradictions of human society. And it also revealed an ineluctable and inevitable conditionality of fate. That is to say, the heroes or heroines would slip into the tragic path of life in the end in Western literature no matter whether they liked or not, or where they hided. Tragedy was their final arrangement. When he was young, he derived a love of music from his father and a devotion to literature from his mother. He grew up in the Dorset shire, of which the environment there became the main backdrop of his writings. Thomas Hardy was afamous critical realistic wreter at the turn of the 19th century in England, His writings often reflected the change after capitalism intruded the countries in England and the people’s hard life. Hardy began to creating the novels in the early 1870s. In the late 1890s, he turned to write poetry. The Britain in this period was undergoing a transition period from laisser-faire capitalism to imperialism. The capitalism thought that the social system of this period could not be changed. But Hardy’s works exactly clas hed with it, which reflected the tremendous changes of society due to the invasion of industrial capital to the village. Tess of the D’Urbervilles was published in the year of 1891, which was one of his most famous novels. This novel explosed women’s tra gic life in that time.The thesis discribs two reasons, one is Tess’s personality character, another one is society reasonsI Historical Background1.1: A brief introduction to HardyTess is the heroine of Tomas Hardy’s representative work—Tess of the D'Urbervilles and Thomas Hardy was a British post-realism, the most distinguished novelists and poet. Hardy is the most representative he claims to be "the character and environment of the novel" of a group of works in the late 19th century and the early 20th century.In many ways, he belonged more to the 20th century than to the 19th century.He was known as a Victorian Poet .He used his writings to elaborate his own pessimistic view of life.His poetry marks the transition from the Victorian Age to the modernist movement of the 20th century.He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian Age. He described the tragic plots vividly and truthfully in his works. He was considered as ―Shakespeare of British novels‖. Hardy's langu age has the simplicity of a countryman’s speech coupled with the sophisticated vocabulary of an educated man.Symbolism is an important feature of Hardy’s words, so that many objects, natural phenomena and characters in the novels are given symbolic meaning s.Unlike some other authors, most of Hardy’s novels are tragic.His novels are so well-knit that they calls us for deep thought about the true life in Victorian age.1.2: Work BackgroundTess is the most representative work of Hardy as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.This story happened in the late of ―Britain's Victorian era‖. At thattime, Capitalist class controlled the society, and all laws served for them. Farmers were at the bottom of the society, they had no equal right as the capitalist class. In addition, men were the center of the society and women has no right at all at that time. The story is about the tragic life of Tess Durbeyfield, the daughter of a poor family. She is sent to work as a maid for d’Urbervilles, because she has to support her poor family. Tess is seduced by Alec, the son of the family which she serves for, and then gives birth to a child. However, the child dies in infancy, which makes her very depressed. After that, she goes to work on a dairy farm, and then she is engaged to Angel Clare, the son of a clergyman. On their wedding night, they tell each other about their past hoping to be forgiven by each other. However, Clare leaves her after that because he can’t accept the truth. Then Tess becomes a labor again. She is insulted and ill-treated by her master. What’s worse, her father’s death and the bad condition of her family drive her to seek help from Alec who is a preacher now, and she can do nothing but to abbey him. Angel Clare comes back and wants to be reco nciled to Tess, but the fact that Tess’ living with Alec hinders her from coming back to Clare. At last, Tess kills Alec in despair and she is soon arrested, tried and hanged.Origins of Tess’ tragic destiny are mainly composed of three aspects—tragic fate,society tragedy and her own personalityII Deep consideration about tragic fateThis related with author's own personality and view. He believe there exist a super nature force.Hardy was pessimistic about life. The main theme of his novels is thefutilit y of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, and circumstances, which are all predestined by the immanent will.Tess did not want to be seduced by man and she had no power to defender herself. So she lost her innocence and th at’s all! Angel also did the wrong thing and it was even more serious than Tess’ crime, but he was not blamed. Why it is always the woman who pays? Why they are always hurt? Why was Tess’ girlish purity lost? Why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? Why does the bad often ruin the good? Why is beauty damaged by ugliness? Women are too weak! Thousands of years of history have shown us that women have always been treated unfairly!III Society tragedy3.1 Family tragedyTess’ family is another important reason for her tragedy. On one hand, her family is very poor. Her father is a lazy vendor and her mother is a vulgar wash worker. She has young brothers and sisters who need care. So she has no choice but to try her best to make money to support her family. On the other hand, her parents want to live a better life and show off the so-called ―aristocrat‖ status, especially her mother. They are eager to send Tess to the D’Urbervilles family to work and marry the wealthy gentleman. It was if only a kinsman, an aristocrat, could approach her. To some extent, it is Tess’ parents who make the chance for Alec. In other words, Tess is a tool used to get money and reputation for her parents. Tess would not enter d’Urbervilles family if her family is better off; Tess would not be insulted by Alec if her family does not give her any pressure. What’sworse, her family never teaches her anything that a girl needs to know.Therefore, ―it is this homeless despair of a family which has lost its rights and independence in the village community that gives Tess finally into the invader’s power‖3.2 Society tragedyThe background times of the novel is late nineteenth century, when the British invaded the capitalist mode of production in agriculture in remote areas, it brought agricultural workers misfortune and bad luck. In this period the British Empire is going through a few bad turns, it was maintained in the world of industrial monopoly position in the gradual loss of the capitalist world because the outbreak of severe economic crisis in the seventies . After two decades, British was almost constantly in a crisis and depression. In rural areas, from 70 to 90 a corresponding outbreak of a serious crisis happened. Works in the background is a true reflection of the rural girl Tess short and tragic life.3.3 Worldly prejudiceTess is the unfortunate victim of secular morality prejudice. Tess was seduced by Alec .But she did not get married. She suffered from the gossips and blamed herself. She gained a bad reputation and nobody dared to go near her. On the wedding day, she told her unpleasant experience to Angel, hoping that she would be forgiven as she forgave him. Angel refused to forgive her, although he was also a play-boy.What a shame! The worldly prejudice sacrificed Tess’ pure love and deprived her wrights of pursuing happiness!IV:Her own personalityHer tragdy can’t be separated from her own weakness in character, because she obviously has the dual nature of the society character---resistance and compromise. As a common person, Tess fought with the society helplessly. In the end, she turned out to be the sacrificial victim of society like all other things which disobey the morality and ethic.ConclusionTess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the society in his time. Hardy’s works are known as ―novels of character and environment.‖ The origins of Tess’ tragic fate are various.Tess became a victim of the modern society. It raise us so many thoughts and it is great wealth to us .It reward us reading thousand times to experience tess's life.Bibliography［1］, Thomas Hardy. Tess of the D’Urbervilles［M］.Beijing: Central Compilation & Translation Press,2004.［2］，Li Jian, Yuanjing. The Reasons of the Tragedy of Tess［J］. Journal of Daqing Teachers’ College, 2005.［3］，Chenxia.. Analysis of the Tragic Mood in ―Tess of the D’Urbervilles‖ ［J］. Journal of Renmin University of China (social societies), 1998.［4］，陈焘宇编选：《哈代创作论集》，北京，中国社会科学出版社，1982。
德伯家的苔丝读后感英文版
德伯家的苔丝读后感英文版篇一：Why was Tess’s girlish purity lost? Why did such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin? Why does the wrong man take the wrong woman? Why it is always the woman who pays? Why they are always hurt? Why is beauty damaged by ugliness? Why the tragedy is happened more than one hundred years ago repeated in modern times? Is everything too late?Recently I’ve read the British famous writer Thomas Hardy’s masterpiece-Tess of the D’urbervilles. It describes the misfortune of a poor peasant girl Tess. In this novel, we can see Tess resist her unjust fate again and again, till to be ruined. With the development of the plot we find that her tragedy is inevitable. We can not but feel the intense emotions of pity and fear.The cause of Tess’s tragedy has always been the concern of people, such a beautiful, noble and pure woman as Tess should suffer inevitable ruin. What leads to her tragic destiny? Who killed her? I can’t do very well in analysis the novel. I don’t know clearly how the time she lived in affect her life. I do have an understanding of the novel by myself. Alec and Angel who are the two people very closely related to Tess’s fate. I think fierce Alec played a very important role in killing Tess, but in fact, it was hypocritical Angel who killed Tess indirectly but more cruelly.I wanted to cry, Tess, do not follow him when I read that plot.I hope she met her true love before she was seduced, buteverything was too late. She was seduced by a so called gentleman-Alec, and from then on her life totally changed from this loss of innocence. People looked down on her and respect her no more. Actually she did nothing wrong because before she was seduced she knew nothing of man. Women were too weak. Tess was poor, weak and helpless and met the wrong person at the wrong time.I strongly believed that it was Angel who killed Tess cruelly and without mercy. Angel was a liberal bourgeoisie. He made himself lived in the countryside rather than serving the god. Angel was a man who questioned the church’s teaching. He thought the church’s views were too strict and did not allow free thinking. Angel e*tricated him from religion and his family, but he couldn’t break with traditional moral principles. He wanted a wife who was the daughter of nature, honest, sensitive, intelligent, graceful, pure as snow and e*tremely beautiful. In the first part I thought Angel loved tess very much. In the following part I found that he loved an image he imagined. After their wedding Angel confessed the crime he committed to a woman long time ago and asked Tess’s forgiveness. Tess was not at all angry and forgave angel at once. She innocently thought that the thing she was going to confess would be forgiven. Poor Tess! She sat and told everything to angel, hoping he would forgive her as he was forgiven, but she was wrong. The woman pays.Angel claimed that you were one person, now you are another when tess asked why. The woman Angel had loved was not tess, was another woman in tess’s shape. Angel loved the person he imagined. He considered tess the daughter of nature. Compared to tess’s words, “ I thought angel, that you loved me-me my very self!If you do love me, how can you treat me like this? It frightened me! Having begun to love you, I will love you forever, in all changes, in all troubles, because you are yourself. I ask no more.”we know how deep tess loved angel. She would have laid down life for angel. She not only loved the merits but also accept the demerits. We know from the book that when angel came back from Brazil, he could hardly be recognized by his mother because the cruel climate and hard work had aged him by twenty years, but tess accepted angel immediately, because he was the man she fell in love with.I don’t know why angel couldn’t forgive tess since he himself had done the similar thing.篇二：The reason I read it As a English mayor , I prefer watching foreign films. Occasionally , I encountered a film named Tess of the d’Urbervilles. The gorgeous plot and characters impelled me to read the famous essay.1. Brief Introduction of Thomas HardyThomas Hardy was a famous British novelist and poet. He carried forward and developed the literary traditions of the Victorian Age. He described the tragic plots vividly and truthfully in his works. He was considered as “Shakespeare of British novels”. Hardy was born in an architect’s family and was e*pected to become an architect. He trained as an architect and worked in London and Dorset for ten years. Hardy began his writing career as a novelist in 1871 publishing Desperate Remedies. He was soon successful and left architecture for writing.Hardy was pessimistic about life. The main theme of his novels is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate, chance, andcircumstances, which are all predestined by the immanent will. He bravely challenged many of the se*ual and religious conventions of the Victorian Age. He e*posed thehypocritical morals, laws and people’s miserable life, especially the women’s life in social economic, politics, morals, custom, etc. after the invasion of industrial capital to the British villages. He described people of different social classes. He was good at viewing life with “a tragic light”.2. PlotThe story is about the tragic life of Tess Durbeyfield, the daughter of a poor family. She is sent to work as a maid for d’Urbervilles, because she has to support her poor family. Tess is seduced by Alec, the son of the family which she serves for, and then gives birth to a child. However, the child dies in infancy, which makes her very depressed. After that, she goes to work on a dairy farm, and then she is engaged to Angel Clare, the son of a clergyman. On their wedding night, they tell each other about their past hoping to be forgiven by each other. However, Clare leaves her after that because he can’t accept the truth. Then Tess becomes a labor again. She is insulted and ill-treated by her master. What’s worse, her father’s death and the bad condition of her family drive her to seek help from Alec who is a preacher now, and she can do nothing but to abbey him. Angel Clare comes back and wants to be reconciled to Tess, but the fact that Tess’ living with Alec hinders her from comingback to Clare. At last, Tess kills Alec in despair and she is soon arrested, tried and hanged.3. Character AnalysisTess ------the leading ladyIntelligent, strikingly attractive, and distinguished by her deep moral sensitivity and passionate intensity, Tess is indisputably the central character of the novel that bears her name. But she is also more than a distinctive individual. Hardy have ever said that her eyes are “neither black nor blue nor grey nor violet; rather all these shades together,” like “an almost standard woman.”In my part, Tess represents the changing lady of the agricultural workers in England in the late nineteenth century. Also Tess is a symbol of unclear and unstable notions of class in nineteenth-century Britain, where old family lines retained their earlierglamour, but where cold economic realities made sheer wealth more important than inner nobility.Beyond her social symbolism, Tess represents fallen humanity in a religious sense, as the frequent biblical allusions in the novel remind us. Just as Tess’s clan was once glorious and powerful but is now sadly diminished, so too did the early glory of the first humans, Adam and Eve, fade with their e*pulsion from Eden, making humans sad shadows of what they once were. Tess thus represents what is known in Christian theology as original sin, the degraded state in which all humans live, even whenlike Tess herself after killing Prince or succumbing to Alecthey are not wholly or directly responsible for the sins for which they arepunished. This torment represents the most universal side of Tess: she is the myth of the human who suffers for crimes that are not her own and lives a life more degraded than she deserves.AlecAlec is a representative of the bourgeois society’s authority, the wealth and the evil. He has an aristocrat d’Urbervilles surname, a large amount of money and a great power which dominate the local people. He takes advantage of Tess’ poor family condition, and tempts her with money to go to his family as a servant. He always forces Tess to do something she is not willing to do. For e*ample, when in the cart, Tess wants him to slow down, but he says that he will not do unless Tess let him “put one little kiss on those holmberry lips” (Hardy p57). That is a total insult to Tess. Then he seduces Tess, destroying her chastity which means all her life. At the end of the story, when Tess’ father dies, and her family is homeless, Alec “helps” her again. He tells Tess that her family can move to his cottage, and “the children can go to school” (Hardy p385). In fact, he just wants to possess Tess. He is full of violence and plots. He says that he is Tess’“friend”, but he is unlikely to treat Tess as his real friend because they belong to different social class and they have totally different status and life e*periences.AngelAngel is a representative of the traditional moral concepts. At that time, the whole society is full of those ridiculous traditional moral concepts. At first, Angel considers Tess as the fresh and virginal daughter of nature” (Hard p131), but when he knows the history of Tess, he abandons her. He says“forgiveness does not apply to the case. You were one person; now you are another” (Hardy p247). It shows the traditional moral concepts are still deep-rooted in his mind. Angel is born in a pastor family, but he refuses to go to college and to be a pastor “serves for God”. On the contrary, he chooses to work on a farm and “serves for the humanity”. It seems that he is a person who has already run away from all traditional concepts. He falls in love with Tess, a dairy woman, and he doesn’t care whether she is born in a good family or not. It seems that his love to Tess is true love. However, when it comes to marriage, he still considers Tess’ social status. He wants Tess to take “mistress Teresa d’Urbervilles as her name and he claims that the change “may take an appreciable difference to acceptance of you as my wife”. “After I have made you the well-read woman that I mean to make you” his mother will think much better of her. This means he holds the same idea as his mother to some e*tent.4. comment:Firstly I want to say that Tess’ tragedy comes from her helpless and pessimistic characters. As I know, the Durbeyfields were born with downfallen clan. I even called back to mind the dialogue from Tess of the D’urbervilles:“Tess, are stars either good or bad?“Yes. I think each star represents a family. ”“Is our star bad?”“I think so.”From the above dialogue I got that Tess is pessimistic about her life and reality, which press her to ask Alec for help and laid the seed of her tragedy .She becomes Alec’s victim in theforest. She probably should have known not to put herself in such a situation, but she has few other options. Here, it seems as though she is destined to rely on others, even when they are unreliable.Therefore, I should recognize that her family acts as a considerable accomplice with Alec to a certain e*tend.Secondly, I am dedicated to analysis the three characters’attitudes towards love. Who is to blame for this tragic love? Alec, Tess or Angel? Or ridiculous fate? I believe it was Tess herself. Certainly, that bad age and those hypocritical men weree*ecutionersthat push Tess into the abyss of destruction. But Tess should have led a better life if she don’t treat herself as a satellite of men. How stupid is she to spend her life waiting for a man who betrayed her and escaped away when she was dying for help! When there is no help offered by men, women should fight on their own instead of waiting for men’s mercy and forgiveness since there is nothing needed to be forgiven.ConclusionAll in all, Women’s tragedy will never come to an end until they treat themselves as totally independent, which means they can lead a normal life with or without men.。
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On Tess’s Tragic Fate in Tess of theD’Urbervilles作者：魏兰亭来源：《校园英语·上旬》2017年第02期【Abstract】In Tess of the D’Urbervilles， the heroine Tess has no choice but to follow the disposition of her tragic fate. She seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by fate. This paper is focused on the joint forces including the social factors，the conventional factors and Tess’s character to illustrate Tess’s tragic fate.【Key words】Tess；Tess of the D’Urbervilles； FateTess of the D’Urbervilles is a story about a pure woman’s tragic life. In this story， the heroine Tess’s life becomes a succession of journeys which doesn’t make her stronger but more tragic. She becomes a victim of her fate that seems irresistible and inevitable. This paper studies the joint efforts of a variety of factors that contribute to Tess’s tragic fate.1. Social FactorsTess is in a time when the natural economy was declining and the capitalistic economy was rising. Tess’s fate is closely linked up with the time she is in. The peasant girl’s misfortunes are inevitably associated with the disintegration of the peasantry， which reached its final stage in England at Hardy’s time. The coming of the Industrial Revolution makes agricultural machines invade into the countryside， so the need of farming-laborers is reduced. The tragic fate of Tess and of her family is therefore not that of an individual or a family， but is symbolic of the destruction of the English peasantry and the inevitable result of the Industrial Revolution toward the end of the 19th century. She is somewhat a victim of economic oppression and social injustice.Tess not only comes from the laboring folk but also is herself a laborer. She belongs to the lowest class of the society. T he economic status predestines Tess’s fate. Tess endures both tyranny and insult， which sufficiently indicate how much a poor peasant girl from the lowest class has to sufferin that age. Tess is crushed eventually by the society in which she lives. Throug h depicting Tess’s tragic life，Hardy’s defiance against the status quo of Victorian England is fierce and unrelenting.2. Conventional FactorsThe tragic story seems to be about Tess’s love and marriage，yet “what Hardy attacks in the nove l goes much beyond the system of marriage in the hypocritical bourgeois society” （Bready 98）. The marriage of two people from different classes is unacceptable and the strict convention of class inequality is pervading at that time.Gender inequali ty is another reason that makes Tess’s fate so tragic. Angel doesn’t forgive Tess because of her loss of virginity； while Angel has improper relations with a bad woman， it is not considered unforgivable and unacceptable. He is forgiven by the society and Tess easily； When Angel confessed his sexual transgression on their wedding night， she warmly and immediately forgives him， and he accepts her forgiveness easily，“Then we will dismiss it at once and forever！” （Hardy 126）Tess is “almost glad” at his lapse because she thinks it is the same as hers and that he will forgive her past just as she has forgiven him. But she is wrong. Why is Angel unable to forgive her when she just bestowed the gift of forgiveness on him？ It seems that men have the special right to commit some behavior. But if women do the same thing， it is considered as sinful and “dirty”. The immediate result of her sexual experience is the “immeasurable social chasm” which separated “Tess the Maiden” from “Tess the Maiden No More” （Widdowson 81）. The phenomena reflect the gender inequality and the society’s double standards，which judge men’s sexual behavior leniently and punish women for the same behavior. Tess having been considered to break the social conventions and religion’s prohibitions； her loss of virginity has isolated her and thereby cut her off from her newly-wed husband and the community to which she used to belong.3. Tess’s CharacterFurthermore，Tess’s tragic fate is closely related to her own character. According t o the author Thomas Hardy，an individual’s life is determined by the joint forces of both the environment he lives in and his character. Her character determines her deeds and her deeds are the reasons why she has the tragic fate.Tess is an innocent country girl who has a basic education， but has little exposure to the world outside Marlott. She has curiosity that goes beyond her basic education， as demonstrated when she debates religious and moral issues with both Angel and Alec. Her weakness is her innocence； she is unschooled in the sophisticated world and therefore unable to protect herself. Tess chides her mother for not telling her full truth about a less-than-kind world， and about danger in men-folk. Tess comes into the world， not knowing where and when evil lurked. When the innocence of Tess and the evilness of Alec meet， harm is done.Tess is passionate in her love for Angel and her hatred of Alec. She strays from her marriage only when it appears that Angel may not return to her from South America and when there is no other way to help her destitute family. When she discovers Alec’s duplicity， she makes her mind up that this will be his final deception of her. She is so passionate that she kills Alec. To some extent，it is “the passi on” that “kills” Tess.Tess’s greatest weakness is her selflessness for her family， and it is this weakness that Alec exploits her. Tess’s journey to The Slopes， at the beginning of the novel， and her subsequent returning to Alec near the end of the novel， are all predicated on her willingness to undergo great pains to make her family better. She endures great pains to do everything she can to save her family. It is the selflessness that explains why she returns to Alec and suffers so much.The joint strength of the above factors makes Tess a victim of her tragic fate. It makes her walk on and on to a dead corner and finally fall in the snare of the fate. We can understand Tess of the D’Urbervilles from different perspectives， and the perspec tive of Tess’s tragic fate is a valuable key to a better understanding of the novel.References：[1]Bready，Kristin.“Thomas Hardy and Matters of Gender.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy.Ed.Dale Kramer.Cambridge：Cambridge UP，1999.93-111.[2]Hardy，Thomas.Tess of the D’Urbervilles.Cambridge： Cambridge UP，1991.[3]Widdowson，Peter.“Hardy and Critical Theory.” The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy.Ed.Dale Kramer.Cambridge：Cambridge UP，1999.73-92.。