2015年高考(544)上海市八校2015届高三年级第二次联考
上海市八校高三语文第二次联考试题(含解析)
上海市八校2015届高三语文第二次联考试题(含解析)一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成文后各题。
(17分)中国书法:作为一种文化(1)我们提出书法是一种文化,并不是为书法下定义,只是一个范围的界定。
时下人们为“中国书法”已下过各种各样的定义,表述的方式各不同,但使用的一个关键词和核心概念是一样的,那就是“艺术”。
特别是几位著名的学者提出书法是“艺术”,甚至是“纯粹艺术”、“最高艺术”等等,影响甚大。
(2)人们把中国书法定义为艺术是基于中国书法具有很高的审美价值。
把汉字的字形放在“中国书法”作为文化层次的结构中来审视,就会发现,汉字符号的审美效果是在书法文化结构的物态文化层面体现的。
在整体的书法文化或一件完整的书法“作品”中,字体书法形态属于物态文化层,这是书法“本体”结构的“外显”的表层部分。
当人们对汉字结构的科学性、艺术性及书写出来的笔法、字法、章法给予充分的估量和赞美的时候,我们看到研究者往往只限于对“作品”“物态文化层”的分析说明。
并且往往忽略字体得以显示的“物器”、材料本身的质地、色调因素;忽略一件书法“作品”的美是在书体形态与材料形态有机融合中显示出来的这一重要事实,所以人们对书法“物态层”的研究与描述也往往是不全面的。
在多层次结构的书法文化中,只就其表层结构进行分析,把它当作书法“本体”、全体,并由此概括其性质并作定义。
这种研究思想和方法都值得斟酌。
(3)在对一种文化形态作文化结构的观察中,我们分出物态、制度、行为、心态四个文化层次,以求全面认识其内部结构中的各个文化层次并非具有同等的意义。
其中心态文化层是文化的核心部分。
这个核心部分体现着该文化形态被创造的目的。
因而也集中体现着该文化形态的价值、功能。
就具体的书法作品来说,展示汉字字迹的形态不是目的,展示出一定的文字的内容,以实现文字的记录、传播功能才是目的。
各种书法“作品”的文字内容体现着作者、书者的思想、意识、价值观念、思维方式、审美情趣等等,展示出蕴含着经济、政治、宗教、家族、社会风习等内容的无比丰富的“意义世界”。
高三2014-2015学年度第二次联考(参考答案)(4月28日定稿)
江西省新八校2014-2015学年度第二次联考高三数学理科试题卷参考答案一、选择题:共12小题,每小题5分,共60分。
在每个小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
ACADA BCDAD CA二、填空题:本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分.请把答案填在答题卡上.13.7114.023=+-y x 15.π10 16.),21[+∞-三、解答题:本大题共6个小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.请把答案做在答题卡上.17.解:(1)()1cos(2)3cos 21sin 23cos 212sin(2).23f x x x x x x ππ⎡⎤=-+-=+-=+-⎢⎥⎣⎦----3分 又,42x ππ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦,则32326πππ≤-≤x ,故当232x ππ-=, 即512x πα==时,max () 3.f x = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------6分(2)由(1)知123A ππα=-=,由2sin sin sin B C A =即2bc a =,又222222cos a b c bc A b c bc =+-=+-, 则22b c bc bc +-=即2()0b c -=,故0.b c -= c b =∴ 又123A ππα=-=所以三角形为等边三角形. 12分18.解:(1)依题意可得,任意抽取一位市民会购买口罩的概率为41, 从而任意抽取一位市民不会购买口罩的概率为43. 设“至少有一位市民会购买口罩”为事件A ,则,()6437642714313==⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛=--A P ,故至少有一位市民会购买口罩的概率6437. --------------------- 5分 (2)X 的所有可能取值为:0,1,2,3,4.-------------------------------6分()25681430404=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛==C X P ,()642725610841431314==⨯⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯==C X P ()1282725654414322224==⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯==C X P ,()6432561241433334==⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯==C X P ,()25614144=⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛==X P 所以X 的分布列为:X0 1 234P256816427 12827 643 2561 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 10分 ()125614643312827264271256810=⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=X E 12分 或⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛414,B ~X ,1==∴np EX -----------------------------12分19.【解析】【方法一】(1)证明:由题意知23,D C = 则222B C D B D C B D D C+∴⊥=,, P D A B C D B D P D P D C D D ⊥∴⊥= 面而,,,..B D P DC P C PD C B D P C ∴⊥∴⊥ 面在面内,(6分) (2)过E 作EH CD ⊥交CD 于H ,再过H 作HN ⊥AB 交AB 于N ,连结EN ,则AB EN ⊥,故ENH ∠为所求角。
2024届高三八省八校第二次学业质量评价 (T8联考)语文试卷(含答案)
2024届高三八省八校第二次学业质量评价(T8联考)语文试卷学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、现代文阅读阅读下面的文字,完成下题。
长江和黄河虽然同为中华文化的母亲河,都取得了辉煌灿烂的成果,但从夏商周到西晋末,黄河流域经济文化发展水平超过长江流域。
然而,自东汉末年以来,中国北方多次遭到游牧民族的冲击,历次兵燹带来大规模北人南迁,而相对安定的长江流域随着生产力的发展和技术的进步,优越的自然条件日益凸显。
长江流域和黄河流域皆具水热条件,故成为中华文化的两大源头,而长江流域拥有更丰沛的水热资源。
但在原始社会末期至商末这一文明初始阶段的气候条件下,中国先民所能达到的生产力水平更适合开发北方黄河流域。
在全新世中期,全球气候变暖,长江、黄河流域较之现在更加温暖湿润。
黄河流域森林密布,受低温和干旱的威胁较轻;而气候炎热潮湿的长江流域则经常发生洪涝灾害。
当时的原始农业以木石农具为主,黄河中上游的粟作农业依托肥沃疏松的黄土和黄河及其大小支流的灌溉,通过精耕细作实现了蓬勃发展,各早期文明也借此绵延不绝并逐渐融合;而长江流域则因其红壤的土质较为紧密,水稻种植所需平整土地及引水灌溉的劳动量大、技术要求高,而当时人员、技术所能达到的稻作生产方式又较为粗放,且常受洪水威胁,故其农业产出量不及黄河流域。
这种农业生产上的差异在进入青铜时代后仍长期延续,直至铁质农具产生及其后一系列灌溉排水工具的出现、防洪手段和农业生产技术的进步,长江流域的水热优势才逐渐彰显。
另外需要指出的是,在这一农业生产重心的转变过程中,近5000年来的中国气候总体向干冷演变,这导致黄河流域生态系统趋向脆弱,而长江流域则变得更适宜人类居住和农业开发。
另外,黄河流域因过度开发而导致水土流失也起到了推波助澜的作用。
但总体而言,在当时及此后相当长的历史时期内,长江流域铁农具的推广和兴修水利工程的力度仍不及黄河流域,“火耕水耨”仍是南方水稻耕作的主要方式。
上海市十三校2015届高三数学第二次联考试题 理(含解析)
2015年上海市十三校联考高考数学二模试卷(理科)一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题共有14题,每个空格填对4分,否则一律得零分.1.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)幂函数y=x(m∈N)在区间(0,+∞)上是减函数,则m=0.【考点】:幂函数的单调性、奇偶性及其应用;幂函数的概念、解析式、定义域、值域.【专题】:计算题;函数的性质及应用;不等式的解法及应用.【分析】:根据幂函数的性质,可得m2+2m﹣3<0,解不等式求得自然数解,即可得到m=0.【解析】:解:由幂函数y=xm2+2m﹣3在(0,+∞)为减函数,则m2+2m﹣3<0,解得﹣3<m<1.由于m∈N,则m=0.故答案为:0.【点评】:本题考查幂函数的性质,主要考查二次不等式的解法,属于基础题.2.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)函数的定义域是(0,1].【考点】:函数的定义域及其求法;对数函数的定义域.【专题】:计算题.【分析】:令被开方数大于等于0,然后利用对数函数的单调性及真数大于0求出x的范围,写出集合区间形式即为函数的定义域.【解析】:解:∴0<x≤1∴函数的定义域为(0,1]故答案为:(0,1]【点评】:求解析式已知的函数的定义域应该考虑:开偶次方根的被开方数大于等于0;对数函数的真数大于0底数大于0小于1;分母非0.3.(4分)(2006•上海)在△ABC中,已知BC=8,AC=5,三角形面积为12,则cos2C=.【考点】:余弦定理的应用.【专题】:计算题.【分析】:先通过BC=8,AC=5,三角形面积为12求出sinC的值,再通过余弦函数的二倍角公式求出答案.【解析】:解:∵已知BC=8,AC=5,三角形面积为12,∴•BC•ACsinC=12∴sinC=∴cos2C=1﹣2sin2C=1﹣2×=故答案为:【点评】:本题主要考查通过正弦求三角形面积及倍角公式的应用.属基础题.4.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)设i为虚数单位,若关于x的方程x2﹣(2+i)x+1+mi=0(m∈R)有一实根为n,则m=1.【考点】:复数相等的充要条件.【专题】:数系的扩充和复数.【分析】:把n代入方程,利用复数相等的条件,求出m,n,即可.【解析】:解:关于x的方程x2﹣(2+i)x+1+mi=0(m∈R)有一实根为n,可得n2﹣(2+i)n+1+mi=0所以,所以m=n=1,故答案为:1.【点评】:本题考查复数相等的条件,考查计算能力,是基础题.5.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)若椭圆的方程为+=1,且此椭圆的焦距为4,则实数a=4或8.【考点】:椭圆的简单性质.【专题】:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.【分析】:首先分两种情况:①焦点在x轴上.②焦点在y轴上,分别求出a的值即可.【解析】:解:①焦点在x轴上时:10﹣a﹣(a﹣2)=4解得:a=4.②焦点在y轴上时a﹣2﹣(10﹣a)=4解得:a=8故答案为:4或8.【点评】:本题考查的知识要点:椭圆方程的两种情况:焦点在x轴或y轴上,考察a、b、c 的关系式,及相关的运算问题.6.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)若一个圆锥的侧面展开如圆心角为120°、半径为3 的扇形,则这个圆锥的表面积是4π.【考点】:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的侧面积和表面积.【专题】:空间位置关系与距离.【分析】:易得圆锥侧面展开图的弧长,除以2π即为圆锥的底面半径,圆锥表面积=底面积+侧面积=π×底面半径2+π×底面半径×母线长,把相关数值代入即可求解.【解析】:解:圆锥的侧面展开图的弧长为:=2π,∴圆锥的底面半径为2π÷2π=1,∴此圆锥的表面积=π×(1)2+π×1×3=4π.故答案为:4π.【点评】:本题考查扇形的弧长公式为;圆锥的侧面展开图的弧长等于圆锥的底面周长,圆锥的表面积的求法.7.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)若关于x的方程lg(x2+ax)=1在x∈[1,5]上有解,则实数a的取值范围为﹣3≤a≤9.【考点】:函数的零点.【专题】:计算题;函数的性质及应用.【分析】:由题意,x2+ax﹣10=0在x∈[1,5]上有解,可得a=﹣x在x∈[1,5]上有解,利用a=﹣x在x∈[1,5]上单调递减,即可求出实数a的取值范围.【解析】:解:由题意,x2+ax﹣10=0在x∈[1,5]上有解,所以a=﹣x在x∈[1,5]上有解,因为a=﹣x在x∈[1,5]上单调递减,所以﹣3≤a≤9,故答案为:﹣3≤a≤9.【点评】:本题主要考查方程的根与函数之间的关系,考查由单调性求函数的值域,比较基础.8.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)《孙子算经》卷下第二十六题:今有物,不知其数,三三数之剩二,五五数之剩三,七七数之剩二,问物几何?23,或105k+23(k为正整数)..(只需写出一个答案即可)【考点】:进行简单的合情推理.【专题】:推理和证明.【分析】:根据“三三数之剩二,五五数之剩三,七七数之剩二”找到三个数:第一个数能同时被3和5整除;第二个数能同时被3和7整除;第三个数能同时被5和7整除,将这三个数分别乘以被7、5、3除的余数再相加即可求出答案.【解析】:解:我们首先需要先求出三个数:第一个数能同时被3和5整除,但除以7余1,即15;第二个数能同时被3和7整除,但除以5余1,即21;第三个数能同时被5和7整除,但除以3余1,即70;然后将这三个数分别乘以被7、5、3除的余数再相加,即:15×2+21×3+70×2=233.最后,再减去3、5、7最小公倍数的整数倍,可得:233﹣105×2=23.或105k+23(k为正整数).故答案为:23,或105k+23(k为正整数).【点评】:本题考查的是带余数的除法,简单的合情推理的应用,根据题意下求出15、21、70这三个数是解答此题的关键.[可以原文理解为:三个三个的数余二,七个七个的数也余二,那么,总数可能是三乘七加二,等于二十三.二十三用五去除余数又恰好是三]9.(4分)(2015•上海二模)在极坐标系中,某直线的极坐标方程为ρsin(θ+)=,则极点O 到这条直线的距离为.【考点】:简单曲线的极坐标方程.【专题】:坐标系和参数方程.【分析】:由直线的极坐标方程为ρsin(θ+)=,展开并利用即可得出直角坐标方程,再利用点到直线的距离公式即可得出.【解析】:解:由直线的极坐标方程为ρsin(θ+)=,展开为,化为x+y﹣1=0,∴极点O到这条直线的距离d==.故答案为:.【点评】:本题考查了直线的极坐标方程化为直角坐标方程、点到直线的距离公式、两角和差的正弦公式,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于基础题.10.(4分)(2015•上海二模)设口袋中有黑球、白球共7 个,从中任取两个球,令取到白球的个数为ξ,且ξ的数学期望Eξ=,则口袋中白球的个数为3.【考点】:离散型随机变量的期望与方差.【专题】:概率与统计.【分析】:设口袋中有白球x个,由已知得ξ的可能取值为0,1,2,由Eξ=,得×,由此能求出口袋中白球的个数.【解析】:解:设口袋中有白球x个,由已知得ξ的可能取值为0,1,2,P(ξ=0)=,P(ξ=1)=,P(ξ=2)=,∵Eξ=,∴×,解得x=3.∴口袋中白球的个数为3.故答案为:3.【点评】:本题考查离散型随机变量的分布列和数学期望的求法,是中档题,解题时要注意排列组合知识的合理运用.11.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)如图所示,一个确定的凸五边形ABCDE,令x=•,y=•,z=•,则x、y、z 的大小顺序为x>y>z.【考点】:平面向量数量积的运算;向量在几何中的应用.【专题】:平面向量及应用.【分析】:根据向量的数量积公式分别判断x,y,z的符号,得到大小关系.【解析】:解:由题意,x=•=AB×ACcos∠BAC>0,y=•=AB×ADcos∠BAD≈AB×ACcos∠BAD,又∠BAD>∠BAC所以cos∠BAD<cos∠BAC,所以x>y>0z=•=AB×AEcos∠BAE<0,所以x>y>z.故答案为:x>y>z.【点评】:本题考查了向量的数量积的公式;属于基础题.12.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)设函数f(x)的定义域为D,D⊆[0,4π],它的对应法则为f:x→sin x,现已知f(x)的值域为{0,﹣,1},则这样的函数共有1395个.【考点】:映射.【专题】:函数的性质及应用;集合.【分析】:分别求出sinx=0,x=0,π,2π,3π,4π,sinx=,x=,x=,x=,x=,sinx=1,x=,x=利用排列组合知识求解得出这样的函数共有:(C+C)()()即可.【解析】:解:∵函数f(x)的定义域为D,D⊆[0,4π],∴它的对应法则为f:x→sin x,f(x)的值域为{0,﹣,1},sinx=0,x=0,π,2π,3π,4π,sinx=,x=,x=,x=,x=,sinx=1,x=,x=这样的函数共有:(C+C)()()=31×15×3=1395故答案为:1395【点评】:本题考查了映射,函数的概念,排列组合的知识,难度不大,但是综合性较强.13.(4分)(2015•上海二模)若多项式(1﹣2x+3x2﹣4x3+…﹣2000x1999+2001x2000)(1+2x+3x2+4x3+…+2000x1999+2001x2000)=a0x4000+a1x3999+a2x3998+…+a3999x+a4000,则a1+a3+…+a2015=0.【考点】:二项式定理的应用.【专题】:二项式定理.【分析】:根据等式,确定a1=﹣2000×2001+2001×2000=0,a3=0,a5=0,…,即可得出结论.【解析】:解:根据(1﹣2x+3x2﹣4x3+…﹣2000x1999+2001x2000)(1+2x+3x2+4x3+…+2000x1999+2001x2000)=a0x4000+a1x3999+a2x3998+…+a3999x+a4000,可得a1=﹣2000×2001+2001×2000=0,a3=0,a5=0,…,所以a1+a3+a5+…+a2011+a2013+a2015=0,故答案为:0.【点评】:本题考查二项式定理的运用,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,属于中档题.14.(4分)(2015•上海模拟)在平面直角坐标系中有两点A(﹣1,3)、B(1,),以原点为圆心,r>0为半径作一个圆,与射线y=﹣x(x<0)交于点M,与x轴正半轴交于N,则当r变化时,|AM|+|BN|的最小值为2.【考点】:两点间距离公式的应用.【专题】:计算题;转化思想;推理和证明.【分析】:由题意,设M(a,﹣a)(a<0),则r=﹣2a,N(﹣2a,0).可得|AM|+|BN|=+,设2a=x,进而可以理解为(x,0)与(﹣,)和(﹣1,)的距离和,即可得出结论.【解析】:解:由题意,设M(a,﹣a)(a<0),则r=﹣2a,N(﹣2a,0).∴|AM|+|BN|=+设2a=x,则|AM|+|BN|=+,可以理解为(x,0)与(﹣5,)和(﹣1,)的距离和,∴|AM|+|BN|的最小值为(﹣5,)和(﹣1,﹣)的距离,即2.故答案为:2.【点评】:本题考查两点间距离公式的应用,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,有难度.二、选择题(本大题满分20分)本大题共有4题,每题有且仅有一个正确答案,选对得5分,否则一律得零分.15.(5分)(2015•上海模拟)若非空集合A中的元素具有命题α的性质,集合B中的元素具有命题β的性质,若A⊊B,则命题α是命题β的()条件.A.充分非必要B.必要非充分C.充分必要D.既非充分又非必要【考点】:必要条件、充分条件与充要条件的判断.【专题】:集合;简易逻辑.【分析】:可举个例子来判断:比如A={1},B={1,2},α:x>0,β:x<3,容易说明此时命题α是命题β的既非充分又非必要条件.【解析】:解:命题α是命题β的既非充分又非必要条件;比如A={1},α:x>0;B={1,2},β:x<3;显然α成立得不到β成立,β成立得不到α成立;∴此时,α是β的既非充分又非必要条件.故选:D.【点评】:考查真子集的概念,以及充分条件、必要条件、既不充分又不必要条件的概念,以及找一个例子来说明问题的方法.16.(5分)(2015•上海二模)用反证法证明命题:“已知a、b∈N+,如果ab可被5 整除,那么a、b 中至少有一个能被5 整除”时,假设的内容应为()A.a、b 都能被5 整除B.a、b 都不能被5 整除C.a、b 不都能被5 整除D. a 不能被5 整除【考点】:反证法.【专题】:推理和证明.【分析】:反设是一种对立性假设,即想证明一个命题成立时,可以证明其否定不成立,由此得出此命题是成立的.【解析】:解:由于反证法是命题的否定的一个运用,故用反证法证明命题时,可以设其否定成立进行推证.命题“a,b∈N,如果ab可被5整除,那么a,b至少有1个能被5整除.”的否定是“a,b都不能被5整除”.故选:B.【点评】:反证法是命题的否定的一个重要运用,用反证法证明问题大大拓展了解决证明问题的技巧.17.(5分)(2015•上海二模)实数x、y满足x2+2xy+y2+4x2y2=4,则x﹣y的最大值为()A.B.C.D.2【考点】:基本不等式.【专题】:三角函数的求值.【分析】:x2+2xy+y2+4x2y2=4,变形为(x+y)2+(2xy)2=4,设x+y=2cosθ,2xy=2sinθ,θ∈[0,2π).化简利用三角函数的单调性即可得出.【解析】:解:x2+2xy+y2+4x2y2=4,变形为(x+y)2+(2xy)2=4,设x+y=2cosθ,2xy=2sinθ,θ∈[0,2π).则(x﹣y)2=(x+y)2﹣4xy=4cos2θ﹣4sinθ=5﹣4(sinθ+)2≤5,∴x﹣y.故选:C.【点评】:本题考查了平方法、三角函数代换方法、三角函数的单调性,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于中档题.18.(5分)(2015•上海模拟)直线m⊥平面α,垂足是O,正四面体ABCD的棱长为4,点C在平面α上运动,点B在直线m上运动,则点O到直线AD的距离的取值范围是()A.[,] B.[2﹣2,2+2] C.[,] D.[3﹣2,3+2]【考点】:点、线、面间的距离计算.【专题】:空间位置关系与距离.【分析】:确定直线BC与动点O的空间关系,得到最大距离为AD到球心的距离+半径,最小距离为AD到球心的距离﹣半径.【解析】:解:由题意,直线BC与动点O的空间关系:点O是以BC为直径的球面上的点,所以O到AD的距离为四面体上以BC为直径的球面上的点到AD的距离,最大距离为AD到球心的距离(即BC与AD的公垂线)+半径=2+2.最小距离为AD到球心的距离(即BC与AD的公垂线)﹣半径=2+2.∴点O到直线AD的距离的取值范围是:[2﹣2,2+2].故选:B.【点评】:本题考查点、线、面间的距离计算,考查学生分析解决问题的能力,属于中档题,解题时要注意空间思维能力的培养.三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共5题,解答下列各题须写出必要的步骤. 19.(12分)(2015•上海模拟)已知正四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1,底面边长为,点P、Q、R分别在棱AA1、BB1、BC上,Q是BB1中点,且PQ∥AB,C1Q⊥QR(1)求证:C1Q⊥平面PQR;(2)若C1Q=,求四面体C1PQR的体积.【考点】:棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积;直线与平面垂直的判定.【专题】:空间位置关系与距离;空间角.【分析】:(1)由已知得AB⊥平面B1BCC1,从而PQ⊥平面B1BCC1,进而C1Q⊥PQ,又C1Q ⊥QR,由此能证明C1Q⊥平面PQR.(2)由已知得B1Q=1,BQ=1,△B1C1Q∽△BQR,从而BR=,QR=,由C1Q、QR、QP 两两垂直,能求出四面体C1PQR 的体积.【解析】:(1)证明:∵四棱柱ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1是正四棱柱,∴AB⊥平面B1BCC1,又PQ∥AB,∴PQ⊥平面B1BCC1,∴C1Q⊥PQ,又已知C1Q⊥QR,且QR∩QP=Q,∴C1Q⊥平面PQR.(2)解:∵B1C1=,,∴B1Q=1,∴BQ=1,∵Q是BB1中点,C1Q⊥QR,∴∠B1C1Q=∠BQR,∠C1B1Q=∠QBR,∴△B1C1Q∽△BQR,∴BR=,∴QR=,∵C1Q、QR、QP两两垂直,∴四面体C1PQR 的体积V=.【点评】:本小题主要考查空间线面关系、线面垂直的证明、几何体的体积等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算求解能力.20.(14分)(2015•上海模拟)已知数列{bn}满足b1=1,且bn+1=16bn(n∈N),设数列{}的前n项和是Tn.(1)比较Tn+12与Tn•Tn+2的大小;(2)若数列{an} 的前n项和Sn=2n2+2n,数列{cn}=an﹣logdbn(d>0,d≠1),求d的取值范围使得{cn}是递增数列.【考点】:数列递推式;数列的函数特性.【专题】:计算题;等差数列与等比数列.【分析】:(1)由数列递推式可得数列{bn}为公比是16的等比数列,求出其通项公式后可得,然后由等比数列的前n项和求得Tn,再由作差法证明Tn+12>Tn•Tn+2;(2)由Sn=2n2+2n求出首项,进一步得到n≥2时的通项公式,再把数列{an},{bn}的通项公式代入cn=an﹣logdbn=4n+(4﹣4n)logd2=(4﹣4logd2)n+4logd2,然后由一次项系数大于0求得d的取值范围.【解析】:解:(1)由bn+1=16bn,得数列{bn}为公比是16的等比数列,又b1=1,∴,因此,则=,∵Tn+12﹣Tn•Tn+2 =.于是Tn+12>Tn•Tn+2;(2)由Sn=2n2+2n,当n=1时求得a1=S1=4;当n≥2时,=4n.a1=4满足上式,∴an=4n.可得cn=an﹣logdbn=4n+(4﹣4n)logd2=(4﹣4logd2)n+4logd2,要使数列{cn}是递增数列,则4﹣4logd2>0,即logd2<1.当0<d<1时,有logd2<0恒成立,当d>1时,有d>2.综上,d∈(0,1)∪(2,+∞).【点评】:本题考查了等比关系的确定,考查了数列的函数特性,考查了对数不等式的解法,是中档题.21.(14分)(2015•上海二模)某种波的传播是由曲线f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)(A>0)来实现的,我们把函数解析式f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)称为“波”,把振幅都是A 的波称为“A 类波”,把两个解析式相加称为波的叠加.(1)已知“1 类波”中的两个波f1(x)=sin(x+φ1)与f2(x)=sin(x+φ2)叠加后仍是“1类波”,求φ2﹣φ1的值;(2)在“A 类波“中有一个是f1(x)=Asinx,从A类波中再找出两个不同的波f2(x),f3(x),使得这三个不同的波叠加之后是平波,即叠加后f1(x)+f2(x)+f3(x),并说明理由.(3)在n(n∈N,n≥2)个“A类波”的情况下对(2)进行推广,使得(2)是推广后命题的一个特例.只需写出推广的结论,而不需证明.【考点】:两角和与差的正弦函数;归纳推理.【专题】:综合题;三角函数的图像与性质;推理和证明.【分析】:(1)根据定义可求得f1(x)+f2(x)=(cosφ1+cosφ2)sinx+(sinφ1+sinφ2)cosx,则振幅是=,由=1,即可求得φ1﹣φ1的值.(2)设f2(x)=Asin(x+φ1),f3(x)=Asin(x+φ2),则f1(x)+f2(x)+f3(x)=0恒成立,可解得cosφ1=﹣,可取φ2=(或φ2=﹣等),证明f1(x)+f2(x)+f3(x)=0.(3)由题意可得f1(x)=Asinx,f2(x)=Asin(x+),f3(x)=Asin(x+),…,从而可求fn(x)=Asin(x+),这n个波叠加后是平波.【解析】:解:(1)f1(x)+f2(x)=sin(x+φ1)+sin(x+φ2)=(cosφ1+cosφ2)sinx+(sinφ1+sinφ2)cosx,振幅是=则=1,即cos(φ1﹣φ2)=﹣,所以φ1﹣φ2=2kπ±,k∈Z.(2)设f2(x)=Asin(x+φ1),f3(x)=Asin(x+φ2),则f1(x)+f2(x)+f3(x)=Asinx+Asin(x+φ1)+Asin(x+φ2)=Asinx(1+cosφ1+cosφ2)+Acosx(sinφ1+sinφ2)=0恒成立,则1+cosφ1+cosφ2=0且sinφ1+sinφ2=0,即有:cosφ2=﹣cosφ1﹣1且sinφ2=﹣sinφ1,消去φ2可解得cosφ1=﹣,若取φ1=,可取φ2=(或φ2=﹣等),此时,f2(x)=Asin(x+),f3(x)=Asin(x+)(或f3(x)=Asin(x﹣)等),则:f1(x)+f2(x)+f3(x)=A[sinx+(sinx+cosx)+(﹣sinx﹣cosx)]=0,所以是平波.(3)f1(x)=Asinx,f2(x)=Asin(x+),f3(x)=Asin(x+),…,fn(x)=Asin(x+),这n个波叠加后是平波.【点评】:本题主要考查了两角和与差的正弦函数公式的应用,考查了归纳推理的常用方法,综合性较强,考查了转化思想,属于中档题.22.(16分)(2015•上海二模)设函数f(x)=ax2+(2b+1)x﹣a﹣2(a,b∈R).(1)若a=0,当x∈[,1]时恒有f(x)≥0,求b 的取值范围;(2)若a≠0且b=﹣1,试在直角坐标平面内找出横坐标不同的两个点,使得函数y=f(x)的图象永远不经过这两点;(3)若a≠0,函数y=f(x)在区间[3,4]上至少有一个零点,求a2+b2的最小值.【考点】:函数的最值及其几何意义;函数的零点与方程根的关系.【专题】:综合题;函数的性质及应用.【分析】:(1)求出a=0的解析式,再由一次函数的单调性,得到不等式,即可得到范围;(2)b=﹣1时,y=a(x2﹣1)﹣x﹣2,当x2=1时,无论a取任何值,y=﹣x﹣2为定值,y=f (x)图象一定过点(1,﹣3)和(﹣1,﹣1),运用函数的定义即可得到结论;(3)由题意,存在t∈[3,4],使得at2+(2b+1)t﹣a﹣2=0,即(t2﹣1)a+(2t)b+t﹣2=0,由点到直线的距离意义可知≥=,由此只要求,t∈[3,4]的最小值.【解析】:解:(1)当a=0时,f(x)=(2b+1)x﹣2,当x∈[,1]时恒有f(x)≥0,则f()≥0且f(1)≥0,即b﹣≥0且2b﹣1≥0,解得b≥;(2)b=﹣1时,y=a(x2﹣1)﹣x﹣2,当x2=1时,无论a取任何值,y=﹣x﹣2为定值,y=f(x)图象一定过点(1,﹣3)和(﹣1,﹣1)由函数定义可知函数图象一定不过A(1,y1)(y1≠﹣3)和B(﹣1,y2)(y2≠﹣1);(3)由题意,存在t∈[3,4],使得at2+(2b+1)t﹣a﹣2=0即(t2﹣1)a+(2t)b+t﹣2=0,由点到直线的距离意义可知≥=,由此只要求,t∈[3,4]的最小值.令g(t)=,t∈[3,4]设u=t﹣2,u∈[1,2],则g(t)=f(u)==∴u=1,即t=3时,g(t)取最小值,∴t=3时,a2+b2的最小值为.【点评】:本题考查不等式的恒成立问题转化为求函数的值域问题,主要考查一次函数的单调性,运用主元法和直线和圆有交点的条件是解题的关键.23.(18分)(2015•上海二模)设有二元关系f(x,y)=(x﹣y)2+a(x﹣y)﹣1,已知曲线г:f(x,y)=0(1)若a=2时,正方形ABCD的四个顶点均在曲线上г,求正方形ABCD的面积;(2)设曲线г与x轴的交点是M、N,抛物线г′:y=x2+1与y 轴的交点是G,直线MG与曲线г′交于点P,直线NG 与曲线г′交于Q,求证:直线PQ过定点,并求出该定点的坐标.(3)设曲线г与x轴的交点是M(u,0),N(v,0),可知动点R(u,v)在某确定的曲线∧上运动,曲线∧与上述曲线г在a≠0时共有四个交点:A(x1,x2),B(x3,x4),C(x5,x6),D(x7,x8),集合X={x1,x2,…,x8}的所有非空子集设为Yi(i=1,2,…,255),将Yi中的所有元素相加(若i Y 中只有一个元素,则其是其自身)得到255 个数y1,y2,…,y255求所有的正整数n 的值,使得y1n+y2n+…+y255n 是与变数a及变数xi(i=1,2,…8)均无关的常数.【考点】:直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题.【专题】:圆锥曲线中的最值与范围问题.【分析】:(1)令f(x,y)=(x﹣y)2+2(x﹣y)﹣1=0,解得x﹣y=﹣1±,由于f(x,y)表示两条平行线,之间的距离是2,为一个正方形,即可得出面积S.(2):在曲线C中,令y=0,则x2+ax﹣1=0,设M(m,0),N(n,0),则mn=﹣1,G(0,1),则直线MG:y=﹣x+1,NG:y=﹣x+1.分别与抛物线方程联立可得P,Q.直线PQ的方程为:,令x=0,可得y=3,因此直线PQ过定点(0,3).(3)令y=0,则x2+ax﹣1=0,则mn=﹣1,即点R(u,v)在曲线xy=﹣1上,又曲线C:f(x,y)=0.恒表示平行线x﹣y=,A(x1,x2),B(x3,x4)关于直线y=﹣x对称,即x1+x2+x3+x4=0,同理可得x5+x6+x7+x8=0,则x1+x2+…+x8=0,集合X={x1,x2,…,x8}的所有非空子集设为Yi=1,2,…,255),取Y1={x1,x2,…,x8},则y1=x1+x2+…+x8=0,即n∈N*,=0,对X的其它子集,把它们配成集合“对”(Yp,Yq),Yp∪Yq=X,Yp∩Yq=∅,这样的集合“对”共有127对,且对每一个集合“对”都满足yp+yq=0.可以利用扇形归纳法证明:对于Yp的元素和yp与Yq的元素和yq,当n为奇数时,=0.即可得出.【解析】:解:(1)令f(x,y)=(x﹣y)2+2(x﹣y)﹣1=0,解得x﹣y=﹣1±,∴f(x,y)=0表示两条平行线,之间的距离是2,此为一个正方形的一个边长,其面积S=4.(2)证明:在曲线C中,令y=0,则x2+ax﹣1=0,设M(m,0),N(n,0),则mn=﹣1,G(0,1),则直线MG:y=﹣x+1,NG:y=﹣x+1.联立,解得P,同理可得Q.∴直线PQ的方程为:令x=0,则y===3,因此直线PQ过定点(0,3).(3)令y=0,则x2+ax﹣1=0,则mn=﹣1,即点R(u,v)在曲线xy=﹣1上,又曲线C:f(x,y)=(x﹣y)2+a(x﹣y)﹣1=0.恒表示平行线x﹣y=,如图所示,A(x1,x2),B(x3,x4)关于直线y=﹣x对称,则=,即x1+x2+x3+x4=0,同理可得x5+x6+x7+x8=0,则x1+x2+…+x8=0,集合X={x1,x2,…,x8}的所有非空子集设为Yi,取Y1={x1,x2,…,x8},则y1=x1+x2+…+x8=0,即n∈N*,=0,对X的其它子集,把它们配成集合“对”(Yp,Yq),Yp∪Yq=X,Yp∩Yq=∅,这样的集合“对”共有127对,且对每一个集合“对”都满足yp+yq=0.以下证明:对于Yp的元素和yp与Yq的元素和yq,当n为奇数时,=0.先证明:n为奇数时,x+y能够整除xn+yn,用数学归纳法证明.1°当n=1时,成立;2°假设当n=k(奇数)时,x+y能够整除xk+yk,则当n=k+2时,xk+2+yk+2=xk+2﹣xky2+xky2+yk+2=xk(x2﹣y2)+y2(xk+yk),因此上式可被x+y整除.由1°,2°可知:n为奇数时,x+y能够整除xn+yn.又∵当n为奇数时,=(yp+yq)M,其中M是关于yp,yq的整式,∵Yp∪Yq=X,Yp∩Yq=∅,∴每一个集合“对”(Yp,Yq)都满足yp+yq=0.则一定有=(x+y)M=0,M∈N*,于是可得y1n+y2n+…+y255n=0是常数.【点评】:本题考查了平行直线系、直线的交点、一元二次方程的根与系数的关系、集合的性质、中点坐标公式、对称性、扇形归纳法,考查了分析问题与解决问题的能力,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于难题.。
上海市闵行区八校联考2015届高三数学上学期期末试卷(文理合卷)(含解析)
上海市闵行区八校联考2015届高三上学期期末数学试卷(文理合卷)一、填空题(本大题满分64分)本大题共有14题,每题4分.1.(4分)方程log2(3x﹣4)=1的解x=.2.(4分)不等式x2+(k﹣1)x+4>0的解集为R,则k的范围为.3.(4分)已知z∈C,为z的共轭复数,若=0(z≠0)(i是虚数单位),则z=.4.(4分)若圆锥的侧面积是底面积的3倍,则其母线与底面角的大小为(结果用反三角函数值表示).5.(4分)已知(+)n的二项展开式中,前三项系数成等差数列,则n=.6.(4分)已知将函数y=sinx的图象上的所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的3倍(纵坐标不变),再向左平移个单位,可得到函数y=f(x)的图象,则f(x)=.7.(4分)有5本不同的书,其中语文书2本,数学书2本,物理书1本.若将其随机地并排摆放到书架的同一层上,则同一科目的书都相邻的概率为.8.(4分)已知过点(0,1)的直线l:xtanα﹣y﹣3tanβ=0的一个法向量为(2,﹣1),则tan(α+β)=.9.(4分)若对任意实数x,都有f(x)=log a(2+e x﹣1)≤﹣1,则实数a的取值范围是.10.(4分)如图所示是毕达哥拉斯的生长程序:正方形上连接着一个等腰直角三角形,等腰直角三角形的直角边上再连接正方形…,如此继续.若共得到1023个正方形,设起始正方形的边长为,则最小正方形的边长为.11.(4分)设P0是抛物线y=2x2上的一点,M1,M2是抛物线上的任意两点,k1,k2,k3分别是P0M1,M1M2,M2P0的斜率,若k1﹣k2+k3=4,则P0的坐标为.12.(4分)求函数f(x)=+的最小值.13.(4分)求函数f(x)=2x2﹣x+3+的最小值.14.(4分)已知、是平面内两个相互垂直的单位向量,且(3﹣)•(4﹣)=0,则||的最大值为.15.(4分)已知函数f(x)=sin x,任取t∈R,记函数f(x)在区间上的最大值为M t,最小值为m t,h(t)=M t﹣m t,则函数h(t)的值域为.(4分)已知公差为d等差数列{a n}满足d>0,且a2是a1,a4的等比中项.记b n=a(n∈N+),16.则对任意的正整数n均有++…+<2,则公差d的取值范围是.二、选择题(本大题满分25分)本大题共有4题,每题5分.17.(5分)已知数列{a n}、{b n},“a n=A,b n=B”是“(a n+b n)=A+B”成立的()A.充分非必要条件B.必要非充分条件C.充要条件D.既非充分又非必要条件18.(5分)一个学校2015届高三年级共有学生200人,其中男生有120人,女生有80人,为了调查2015届高三复习状况,用分层抽样的方法从全体2015届高三学生中抽取一个容量为25的样本,应抽取女生的人数为()A.20 B.15 C.12 D.1019.(5分)函数f1(x)=,f2(x)=,…,f n+1(x)=,…,则函数f2015(x)是()A.奇函数但不是偶函数B.偶函数但不是奇函数C.既是奇函数又是偶函数D.既不是奇函数又不是偶函数20.(5分)若曲线C在顶点为O的角α的内部,A、B分别是曲线C上相异的任意两点,且α≥∠AOB,我们把满足条件的最小角α叫做曲线C相对点O的“确界角”.已知O为坐标原点,曲线C的方程为y=,那么它相对点O的“确界角”等于()A.B.C.D.21.(5分)已知M是椭圆+y2=1上任意一点,P是线段OM的中点,则•()A.没有最大值,也没有最小值B.有最大值,没有最小值C.有最小值,没有最大值D.有最大值和最小值三、解答题22.(7分)已知正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1,AA1=2,E为棱CC1的中点.(1)求异面直线AE与DD1所成角的大小(结果用反三角表示);(2)求四面体AED1D的体积.23.(5分)如图,一个水轮的半径为4m,水轮圆心O距离水面2m,已知水轮每分钟转动5圈,如果当水轮上点P从水中浮现时(图中点p0)开始计算时间.(1)将点p距离水面的高度z(m)表示为时间t(s)的函数;(2)点p第一次到达最高点大约需要多少时间?24.(7分)已知f1(x)=3|x﹣1|,f2(x)=a•3|x﹣2|,(x∈R,a>0).函数f(x)定义为:对每个给定的实数x,(1)若f(x)=f1(x)对所有实数x都成立,求a的取值范围;(2)设t∈R,t>0,且f(0)=f(t).设函数f(x)在区间上的单调递增区间的长度之和为d(闭区间的长度定义为n﹣m),求;(3)设g(x)=x2﹣2bx+3.当a=2时,若对任意m∈R,存在n∈,使得f(m)≥g(n),求实数b的取值范围.25.(7分)如图已知椭圆G:+=1(a>b>0)的左、右两个焦点分别为F1、F2,设A(0,b),若△AF1F2为正三角形且周长为6.(1)求椭圆G的标准方程;(2)已知垂直于x轴的直线交椭圆G于不同的两B,C,且A1,A2分别为椭圆的左顶点和右顶点,设直线A1C与A2B交于点P(x0,y0),求点P(x0,y0)的轨迹方程;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点P作斜率为的直线l,设原点到直线l的距离为d,求d 的取值范围.26.(2分)如图已知椭圆G:+=1(a>b>0)的左、右两个焦点分别为F1、F2,设A(0,b),若△AF1F2为正三角形且周长为6.(1)求椭圆G的标准方程;(2)已知垂直于x轴的直线交椭圆G于不同的两点B,C,且A1,A2分别为椭圆的左顶点和右顶点,设直线A1C与A2B交于点P(x0,y0),求证:点P(x0,y0)在双曲线﹣=1上;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点P作斜率为的直线l,设原点到直线l的距离为d,求d 的取值范围.27.(7分)已知递增的等差数列{a n}的首项a1=1,且a1、a2、a4成等比数列.(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式a n;(2)设数列{c n}对任意n∈N*,都有成立,求c1+c2+…+c2012的值.(3)若(n∈N*),求证:数列{b n}中的任意一项总可以表示成其他两项之积.28.(12分)将各项均为正数的数列{a n}排成如图所示的三角形数阵(第n行有n个数,同一行下标小的排在左边).b n表示数阵中第n行第1列的数.已知数列{b n}为等比数列,且从第3行开始,各行均构成公差为d的等差数列,a1=1,a12=17,a18=34.(1)求数阵中第m行第n列(m,n∈N+且m≥3,n≤m)的数A mn(用m,n表示);(2)试问a2015处在数阵中第几行第几列?(3)试问这个数列中是否有2015这个数?有求出具体位置,没有说明理由.上海市闵行区八校联考2015届高三上学期期末数学试卷(文理合卷)参考答案与试题解析一、填空题(本大题满分64分)本大题共有14题,每题4分.1.(4分)方程log2(3x﹣4)=1的解x=2.考点:其他不等式的解法;对数函数的单调性与特殊点.专题:计算题.分析:由log2(3x﹣4)=1=log22可得,3x﹣4=2,解方程可求解答:解:由log2(3x﹣4)=1=log22可得,3x﹣4=2∴x=2故答案为2点评:本题主要考查了对数方程的求解,解题中要善于利用对数中1的代换,属于基础试题2.(4分)不等式x2+(k﹣1)x+4>0的解集为R,则k的范围为(﹣3,5).考点:一元二次不等式的解法.专题:不等式的解法及应用.分析:直接根据条件得到△=(k﹣1)2﹣16<0,求出实数k的取值范围即可.解答:解:因为关于x的一元二次不等式x2+(k﹣1)x+4>0的解集为R,∴△=(k﹣1)2﹣16<0⇒﹣3<k<5.故答案为:(﹣3,5).点评:本题主要考查一元二次不等式的解法.一元二次不等式的解集的端点值为对应方程的根3.(4分)已知z∈C,为z的共轭复数,若=0(z≠0)(i是虚数单位),则z=﹣i.考点:二阶矩阵.专题:数系的扩充和复数;矩阵和变换.分析:本题先利用行列式的计算规律,将条件转化为关于复数z的方程,再设出复数的代数形式a+bi(a、b∈R),由复数相等的意义,得到关于实数a、b的方程组,解方程组得到a、b的值,得到本题结论.解答:解:∵=0(z≠0)(i是虚数单位),∴.设z=a+bi,(a、b∈R),∴,,∴a2+b2﹣(a+bi)i=0,∴a2+b2+b﹣ai=0,∴,∴或,∵z≠0,∴z=﹣i.故答案为:﹣i.点评:本题考查了行列式和复数的计算,考查了转化化归的数学思想,本题难度不大,属于基础题.4.(4分)若圆锥的侧面积是底面积的3倍,则其母线与底面角的大小为arccos(结果用反三角函数值表示).考点:旋转体(圆柱、圆锥、圆台).专题:空间位置关系与距离.分析:由已知中圆锥的侧面积是底面积的3倍,可得圆锥的母线是圆锥底面半径的3倍,在轴截面中,求出母线与底面所成角的余弦值,进而可得母线与轴所成角.解答:解:设圆锥母线与轴所成角为θ,∵圆锥的侧面积是底面积的3倍,∴==3,即圆锥的母线是圆锥底面半径的3倍,故圆锥的轴截面如下图所示:则cosθ==,∴θ=arccos,故答案为:arccos点评:本题考查的知识点是旋转体,其中根据已知得到圆锥的母线是圆锥底面半径的3倍,是解答的关键.5.(4分)已知(+)n的二项展开式中,前三项系数成等差数列,则n=8.考点:二项式定理.专题:计算题;二项式定理.分析:展开式中前三项的系数分别为1,,,成等差数列可得n的值解答:解:展开式中前三项的系数分别为1,,,由题意得2×=1+,∴n=8或1(舍).故答案为:8.点评:本题考查二项式定理的运用,考查学生的计算能力,比较基础.6.(4分)已知将函数y=sinx的图象上的所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的3倍(纵坐标不变),再向左平移个单位,可得到函数y=f(x)的图象,则f(x)=sin(+).考点:函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象变换.专题:三角函数的图像与性质.分析:首先对函数的图象进行伸缩变换,进一步对函数图象进行平移变换,最后求出结果.解答:解:将函数y=sinx的图象上的所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的3倍(纵坐标不变),得到:y=sin把函数图象向左平移个单位,得到:f(x)=故答案为:点评:本题考查的知识要点:函数图象的变换问题平移变换和伸缩变换,属于基础题型.7.(4分)有5本不同的书,其中语文书2本,数学书2本,物理书1本.若将其随机地并排摆放到书架的同一层上,则同一科目的书都相邻的概率为.考点:古典概型及其概率计算公式.专题:概率与统计.分析:本题是一个等可能事件的概率,试验发生包含的事件是把5本书随机的摆到一个书架上,共有A55种结果,同一科目的书都相邻,利用捆绑法,利用古典概型概率公式计算即可解答:解:由题意知本题是一个等可能事件的概率,试验发生包含的事件是把5本书随机的摆到一个书架上,共有A55=120种结果,同一科目的书都相邻,把2本语文书捆绑在一起,再把2本数学书捆绑在一起,故有A22A22A33=24种,故同一科目的书都相邻的概率P==故答案为:点评:本题考查排列数的计算,捆绑法的应用,古典概型概率公式的应用,属于基础题.8.(4分)已知过点(0,1)的直线l:xtanα﹣y﹣3tanβ=0的一个法向量为(2,﹣1),则tan(α+β)=1.考点:平面的法向量.专题:直线与圆.分析:过点(0,1)的直线l:xtanα﹣y﹣3tanβ=0的一个法向量为(2,﹣1),可得﹣1﹣3tanβ=0,tanα=﹣1.再利用两角和差的正切公式即可得出.解答:解:∵过点(0,1)的直线l:xtanα﹣y﹣3tanβ=0的一个法向量为(2,﹣1),∴﹣1﹣3tanβ=0,tanα=﹣1.∴,tanα=2.∴tan(α+β)===1,故答案为:1.点评:本题考查了直线的法向量、两角和差的正切公式,属于基础题.9.(4分)若对任意实数x,都有f(x)=log a(2+e x﹣1)≤﹣1,则实数a的取值范围是1+2+…+2n﹣1=1023,∴n=10∴最小正方形的边长为故答案为点评:本题以图形为载体,考查等比数列的求和公式及通项,关键是的出等比数列模型,正确利用相应的公式.11.(4分)设P0是抛物线y=2x2上的一点,M1,M2是抛物线上的任意两点,k1,k2,k3分别是P0M1,M1M2,M2P0的斜率,若k1﹣k2+k3=4,则P0的坐标为(1,2).考点:抛物线的简单性质.专题:圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:设P0(x0,2x02),M1(x1,2x12),M2(x2,2x22),运用直线的斜率公式,化简计算即可得到所求点的坐标.解答:解:设P0(x0,2x02),M1(x1,2x12),M2(x2,2x22),则k1==2x1+2x0,k2==2x1+2x2,k3==2x0+2x2,若k1﹣k2+k3=4,则有4x0=4,解得x0=1,则P0(1,2).故答案为:(1,2).点评:本题考查抛物线的方程和性质,同时考查直线的斜率公式,注意点的坐标的设法是解题的关键.12.(4分)求函数f(x)=+的最小值.考点:函数的最值及其几何意义;两点间距离公式的应用.专题:计算题;函数的性质及应用.分析:由题意得x2﹣x≥0,从而可得2x2﹣x+3=x2﹣x+x2+3≥3;当且仅当x=0时,等号同时成立;从而求最小值.解答:解:由题意得,x2﹣x≥0,则2x2﹣x+3=x2﹣x+x2+3≥3;(当且仅当x=0时,等号同时成立);∴f(x)=+≥+0=;∴函数f(x)=+的最小值为;故答案为:.点评:本题考查了函数的最小值的求法,注意等号同时成立,属于基础题.13.(4分)求函数f(x)=2x2﹣x+3+的最小值3.考点:函数的最值及其几何意义.专题:计算题;导数的综合应用.分析:先求函数f(x)=2x2﹣x+3+的定义域为(﹣∞,0]∪∪上是减函数,在时,f min(x)=3;当x∈上的最大值为M t,最小值为m t,h(t)=M t﹣m t,则函数h(t)的值域为.考点:正弦函数的单调性;正弦函数的图象.专题:三角函数的图像与性质.分析:利用正弦函数的周期公式可得其周期T=4,区间的长度为T,利用正弦函数的图象与性质,可求得函数h(t)=M t﹣m t,的值域.解答:解:∵f(x)=sin x,∴其周期T==4,区间的长度为T,又f(x)在区间上的最大值为M t,最小值为m t,由正弦函数的图象与性质可知,当x∈时,h(t)=M t﹣m t,取得最小值1﹣;当x∈时,h(t)=M t﹣m t取得最大值﹣(﹣)=;∴函数h(t)的值域为.故答案为:.点评:本题考查正弦函数的周期性、单调性与最值,考查分析问题,解决问题的能力,属于中档题.(4分)已知公差为d等差数列{a n}满足d>0,且a2是a1,a4的等比中项.记b n=a(n∈N+),16.则对任意的正整数n均有++…+<2,则公差d的取值范围是令x=0,y=0,则﹣(2﹣)=,解得n=﹣,则y=k2x的斜率k2=f′(﹣)=﹣,则切线y=k2x的倾斜角,由两直线的夹角θ=﹣=,故选:B点评:本题考查新定义“确界角”及应用,考查导数的应用:求切线,利用导数的几何意义是解决本题的关键.21.(5分)已知M是椭圆+y2=1上任意一点,P是线段OM的中点,则•()A.没有最大值,也没有最小值B.有最大值,没有最小值C.有最小值,没有最大值D.有最大值和最小值考点:椭圆的简单性质.专题:平面向量及应用;圆锥曲线的定义、性质与方程.分析:通过极坐标表示成M(cosθ,sinθ),利用向量数量积运算性质及三角函数的有界性计算即得结论.解答:解:由题可知:F1(﹣,0),F2(,0),设M(cosθ,sinθ),则P(cosθ,sinθ),∴•=(﹣﹣cosθ,﹣sinθ)•(﹣cosθ,﹣sinθ)=cos2θ﹣2+sin2θ=()cos2θ﹣2+sin2θ=cos2θ﹣,∵cosθ∈,∴•∈,故选:D.点评:本题以椭圆为载体,考查向量数量积的范围,注意解题方法的积累,属于中档题.三、解答题22.(7分)已知正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1,AA1=2,E为棱CC1的中点.(1)求异面直线AE与DD1所成角的大小(结果用反三角表示);(2)求四面体AED1D的体积.考点:异面直线及其所成的角;棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积.专题:计算题.分析:(1)取AA1的中点为F,连接EF,根据D1D∥AA1则∠FAE为异面直线AE与DD1所成角,在三角形∠FAE中求出此角的正切值,最后用反三角表示即可;(2)由题意可知点E到侧面ADD1A1的距离为2,然后根据等体积法可知V A﹣ED1D=V E﹣AD1D,最后利用锥体的体积公式进行求解即可.解答:解:(1)取AA1的中点为F,连接EF∵D1D∥AA1∴∠FAE为异面直线AE与DD1所成角AA1=2,则AF=1,EF=∴tan∠FAE=则∠FAE=arctan(2)S△AD1D==2,点E到侧面ADD1A1的距离为2V A﹣ED1D=V E﹣AD1D=×2×2=∴四面体AED1D的体积为点评:本题主要考查了异面直线及其所成的角,以及四面体的体积的度量,同时考查了空间想象能力,转化与化归运用是解决本题的关键,易错求体积时不要忘了乘.23.(5分)如图,一个水轮的半径为4m,水轮圆心O距离水面2m,已知水轮每分钟转动5圈,如果当水轮上点P从水中浮现时(图中点p0)开始计算时间.(1)将点p距离水面的高度z(m)表示为时间t(s)的函数;(2)点p第一次到达最高点大约需要多少时间?考点:已知三角函数模型的应用问题.专题:计算题.分析:(1)先根据z的最大和最小值求得A和B,利用周期求得ω,当x=0时,z=0,进而求得φ的值,则函数的表达式可得;(2)令最大值为6,即 z=4sin+2=6可求得时间.解答:解:(1)依题意可知z的最大值为6,最小为﹣2,∴⇒;∵op每秒钟内所转过的角为,得z=4sin,当t=0时,z=0,得sinφ=﹣,即φ=﹣,故所求的函数关系式为z=4sin+2(2)令z=4sin+2=6,得sin=1,取,得t=4,故点P第一次到达最高点大约需要4S.点评:本题主要考查了在实际问题中建立三角函数模型的问题.考查了运用三角函数的最值,周期等问题确定函数的解析式.24.(7分)已知f1(x)=3|x﹣1|,f2(x)=a•3|x﹣2|,(x∈R,a>0).函数f(x)定义为:对每个给定的实数x,(1)若f(x)=f1(x)对所有实数x都成立,求a的取值范围;(2)设t∈R,t>0,且f(0)=f(t).设函数f(x)在区间上的单调递增区间的长度之和为d(闭区间的长度定义为n﹣m),求;(3)设g(x)=x2﹣2bx+3.当a=2时,若对任意m∈R,存在n∈,使得f(m)≥g(n),求实数b的取值范围.考点:函数恒成立问题;分段函数的解析式求法及其图象的作法.专题:计算题;综合题.分析:(1)根据定义,问题等价于“f1(x)≤f2(x)恒成立”,从而进一步转化为具体不等式恒成立问题,利用最值法可求a的取值范围;(2)利用定义,分两类f(x)=f1(x),与f(x)=f2(x),分别求出单调递增区间的长度和与相应的t的值,从而可解;(3)对任意m∈R,存在n∈,使得f(m)≥g(n),等价于f(x)min≥g(x)min,分别求出相应的最小值即可解得.解答:解:(1)“f(x)=f1(x)对所有实数都成立”等价于“f1(x)≤f2(x)恒成立”,即3|x﹣1|≤a•3|x﹣2|,即|x﹣1|﹣|x﹣2|≤log3a恒成立,…(2分)(|x﹣1|﹣|x﹣2|)max=1,所以log3a≥1,a的取值范围是上单调递减;在上单调递增,单调递增区间的长度和为d=1,.…(6分)当f2(x)≤f1(x)恒成立时,即|x﹣1|﹣|x﹣2|≥log3a恒成立,(|x﹣1|﹣|x﹣2|)min=﹣1,所以log3a≤﹣1.当时,f(x)=f2(x)=a•3|x﹣2|,函数的对称轴为x=2,由f(0)=f(t),可得t=4.函数f(x)在上单调递减;在上单调递增,单调递增区间的长度和为d=2,.…(8分)当时,解不等式3|x﹣1|≤a•3|x﹣2|,即解|x﹣1|﹣|x﹣2|≤log3a,其中﹣1<log3a<1,解得,所以且,f(0)=3,而f(t)=a•3t﹣2=3,t=3﹣log3a,函数f(x)在,上单调递增,单调递增区间的长度和为,.…(11分)(3)当a=2时,即要f(x)min≥g(x)min,…(14分)f(x)min=1.g(x)=(x﹣b)2+2,当x∈时,所以b的取值范围是.…(18分)点评:本题主要考查恒成立问题的处理策略,考查学生等价转化问题的能力,有一定的综合性.25.(7分)如图已知椭圆G:+=1(a>b>0)的左、右两个焦点分别为F1、F2,设A(0,b),若△AF1F2为正三角形且周长为6.(1)求椭圆G的标准方程;(2)已知垂直于x轴的直线交椭圆G于不同的两B,C,且A1,A2分别为椭圆的左顶点和右顶点,设直线A1C与A2B交于点P(x0,y0),求点P(x0,y0)的轨迹方程;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点P作斜率为的直线l,设原点到直线l的距离为d,求d 的取值范围.考点:直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题.专题:圆锥曲线中的最值与范围问题.分析:(1)由题设得解得a,b,c.求得椭圆方程.(2)分别设出直线A1C的方程和直线A2B的方程,两条直线相乘代入椭圆,证得结论.(3)设直线l:,结合第(2)问的结论得出相应结论解答:解:(1)由题设得解得:,c=1故C的方程为.(4分)(2)证明:设B(x1,y1)则C(x1,﹣y1),A1(﹣2,0),A2(2,0)∴直线A1C的方程为y=①(5分)直线A2B的方程为y=②(6分)①×②,得③,∴,∴=,代入③得,即,(8分)因为点P(x0,y0)是直线A1C与A2B的交点,所以即点P(x0,y0)在双曲线上(9分)(3)设直线l:(10分)结合第(2)问的结论,整理得:3x0x﹣4y0y﹣12=0(12分)于是(14分)且y0≠0∴∴所以d的取值范围是(0,2)(16分)点评:本题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题,有范围,有证明,综合性很强,难度很大,在2015届高考中常作为压轴题.26.(2分)如图已知椭圆G:+=1(a>b>0)的左、右两个焦点分别为F1、F2,设A(0,b),若△AF1F2为正三角形且周长为6.(1)求椭圆G的标准方程;(2)已知垂直于x轴的直线交椭圆G于不同的两点B,C,且A1,A2分别为椭圆的左顶点和右顶点,设直线A1C与A2B交于点P(x0,y0),求证:点P(x0,y0)在双曲线﹣=1上;(3)在(2)的条件下,过点P作斜率为的直线l,设原点到直线l的距离为d,求d 的取值范围.考点:直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题.专题:圆锥曲线中的最值与范围问题.分析:(1)由题设得解得a,b,c.求得椭圆方程.(2)分别设出直线A1C的方程和直线A2B的方程,两条直线相乘代入椭圆,证得结论.(3)设直线l:,结合第(2)问的结论得出相应结论解答:解:(1)由题设得解得:,c=1故C的方程为.(4分)(2)证明:设B(x1,y1)则C(x1,﹣y1),A1(﹣2,0),A2(2,0)∴直线A1C的方程为y=①(5分)直线A2B的方程为y=②(6分)①×②,得③,∴,∴=,代入③得,即,(8分)因为点P(x0,y0)是直线A1C与A2B的交点,所以即点P(x0,y0)在双曲线上(9分)(3)设直线l:(10分)结合第(2)问的结论,整理得:3x0x﹣4y0y﹣12=0(12分)于是(14分)且y0≠0∴∴所以d的取值范围是(0,2)(16分)点评:本题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题,有范围,有证明,综合性很强,难度很大,在2015届高考中常作为压轴题.27.(7分)已知递增的等差数列{a n}的首项a1=1,且a1、a2、a4成等比数列.(1)求数列{a n}的通项公式a n;(2)设数列{c n}对任意n∈N*,都有成立,求c1+c2+…+c2012的值.(3)若(n∈N*),求证:数列{b n}中的任意一项总可以表示成其他两项之积.考点:等差数列与等比数列的综合;数列的求和.专题:综合题;等差数列与等比数列.分析:(1)由{a n}是递增的等差数列,设公差为d(d>0),由a1、a2、a4成等比数列,能求出数列{a n}的通项公式a n.(2)由a n+1=n+1,对n∈N*都成立,能推导出,由此能求出c1+c2+…+c2012的值.(3)对于给定的n∈N*,若存在k,t≠n,k,t∈N*,使得b n=b k•b t,由,只需,由此能够证明数列{b n}中的任意一项总可以表示成其他两项之积.解答:解:(1)∵{a n}是递增的等差数列,设公差为d(d>0)…(1分)∵a1、a2、a4成等比数列,∴…(2分)由(1+d)2=1×(1+3d)及d>0,得d=1,…(3分)∴a n=n(n∈N*).…(4分)(2)∵a n+1=n+1,对n∈N*都成立,当n=1时,,得c1=4,…(5分)当n≥2时,由,①及,②①﹣②得,得…(7分)∴.…(8分)∴…(10分)(3)对于给定的n∈N*,若存在k,t≠n,k,t∈N*,使得b n=b k•b t…(11分)∵,只需,…(12分)即,即即kt=nt+nk+n,取k=n+1,则t=n(n+2)…(14分)∴对数列{b n}中的任意一项,都存在和,使得.…(16分)点评:本题考查数列的通项公式的求法,考查数列的前n项和的求法,综合性强,对数学思维的要求较高,解题时要认真审题,注意等价转化思想的合理运用.28.(12分)将各项均为正数的数列{a n}排成如图所示的三角形数阵(第n行有n个数,同一行下标小的排在左边).b n表示数阵中第n行第1列的数.已知数列{b n}为等比数列,且从第3行开始,各行均构成公差为d的等差数列,a1=1,a12=17,a18=34.(1)求数阵中第m行第n列(m,n∈N+且m≥3,n≤m)的数A mn(用m,n表示);(2)试问a2015处在数阵中第几行第几列?(3)试问这个数列中是否有2015这个数?有求出具体位置,没有说明理由.考点:等差数列与等比数列的综合.专题:等差数列与等比数列.分析:(1)由题意和等差、等比数列的通项公式,列出关于公差d和公比q的方程组,求出q、d的值、b n,由题意和等差、等比数列的通项公式求出A mn的表达式;(2)由图表得到每一行中数的个数,由等差数列的求和公式求出前62、63行数的个数,从而确定a2015为数阵中第63行第62列的数;(3)假设2015为数阵中第m行第n列的数,由数的规律列出不等式,再取特值进行验证,从而确定不等式没有整数解,即可说明2015不在该数阵中.解答:解:(1)设公比为q,公差为d,由题意知:a1=1,a12=17,a18=34,所以b1=a1=1,则,…2分解得:q=2、d=1,则b n=2n﹣1,所以A mn=b m+(n﹣1)d=2n﹣1+n﹣1…4分(2)由表格知:每一行中有n个数,因为1+2+3+…+62==1953,1+2+3+…+63=1953+63=2016…6分所以2015﹣1953=62…8分则a2015为数阵中第63行第62列的数.…10分(3)假设2015为数阵中第m行第n列的数,由第m行最小的数为2m﹣1,最大的数为2m﹣1+m﹣1,所以2m﹣1≤2015≤2m﹣1+m﹣1,…14分当m≤11时,2m﹣1+m﹣1≤210+10=1034<2013;…16分当m≥12时,2m﹣1≥211=2048>2015,于是,不等式2m﹣1≤2015≤2m﹣1+m﹣1没有整数解,所以2015不在该数阵中.…18分.点评:本题考查等差、等比数列的通项公式,归纳法的应用,考查综合分析问题和解决问题的能力,解答此题要有很好的耐心,考查了逻辑思维能力和运算能力,是难度非常大的少见题目.。
8a海市六校2015届高三第二次联考历史考试试题
上海市六校2015届高三第二次联考历史试题考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求;所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上;做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。
4.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分,共60分,每题只有一个正确的选项。
1.“想参加陪审团的公民按先后秩序依次进入,直到既定的人数到齐为止……开庭审理前,陪审员对案件一无所知,他们了解整个案情、进行判决的唯一依据是诉讼人的演说陈述。
”古代雅典的这一制度A.体现了其民主的运作方式 B.表明公民只享有形式上的平等C.保证了案件判决的公平公正 D.为后世提供了完备的司法程序2.“在共和国晚期,特别是在罗马帝国时期,司法者……建立起一项原列,即被告在被确认犯罪之前是无罪的,被告有权利在法庭的法官面前同原告对质。
”这项“原则”A.推动了罗马法由习惯法向成文法转变 B.确保了罗马境内居民权利和平等C.反映出民主是罗马法精神的本质内涵 D.体现出古罗马司法追求公平公正3.董仲舒认为孔子撰《春秋》的目的是尊天子、抑诸侯、崇周制而“大一统”,以此为汉武帝加强中央集权服务,从而将周代历史与汉代政治联系起来。
西周时代对于秦汉统一的重要历史影响在于A.构建了中央有效控制地方的制度 B.确立了君主大权独揽的集权意识C.形成了天下一家的文化心理认同 D.实现了国家对土地与人口的控制4.《汉书•食货志》记载:“今法律贱商人,商人已富贵矣;尊农夫,农夫已贫贱矣;故俗之所贵,主之所贱也;吏之所卑,法之所尊也。
”这表明A.朝廷重农,百姓抑商 B.上至朝廷下至百姓皆重农抑商C.百姓皆重商轻农 D.重农抑商政策出现上下相背离倾向5.《唐书•百官志》云:“自开元以后,常以(宰相)领他职……故时方用兵,则为节度使;时崇餳学,则为大学士;时急财用,则为盐铁转运使。
上海市八校2015届高三数学11月联考试题沪教版
上海市八校2015届高三数学11月联考试题沪教版(满分150分,考试时间120分钟)一、填空题(本大题满分56分)本大题有14题,只要求直接填写结果. 1. 设集合{}{}210,,2,A x x x R B x x x R =-≥∈=<∈,则 ()RA B =_________.2. 函数11y x =+的反函数1()f x -=_____________. 3. 数列1,5,9,13,…的一个通项公式可能是n a =__________________. 4. 若1tan()44πα-=,则tan α=________________. 5. 方程)3(log )1(log )13(log 444x x x ++-=-的解是_____________________. 6. 已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,若a a +317=10,则S 19=_______________. 7. 设函数()f x x a =-(a 为常数),若)(x f 在区间 ),1[+∞上是增函数,则a 的 取值范围是 __________ .8. 设等比数列{}n a ,11a =,公比2q =,若{}n a 的前n 项和127n S =,则n 的值为 ____ .9. 若定义在R 上的奇函数()f x 对一切x 均有(4)()f x f x +=,则(2016)f =_________.10. 设ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,若4,,43a A B ππ===,则ABC∆的面积S =_______________.11. 若集合{}2(1)320,A x a x x x R =-+-=∈有且仅有两个不同的子集,则实数a 的 值为________________. 12. 已知函数()cos 23f x x π⎛⎫=+⎪⎝⎭, 若函数()g x 的最小正周期是π,且当,22x ππ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦时()()2x g x f =,则关于x 的方程()g x =的解集为________________________.13. 设函数1cos ,0,2()2sin cos ,,222x x f x x x x πππ⎧⎡⎤-∈⎪⎢⎥⎪⎣⎦=⎨⎛⎤⎪∈ ⎥⎪⎝⎦⎩,则函数()f x 的图像与x 轴围成的图形的面积是____________.14. 设()2xy f x =+为奇函数,且()()2g x f x =+,若(2)g t -=,则(2)f =__________. (用含t 的代数式表示)二、选择题(本大题满分20分). 15. 函数()f xsin(),24x x R π-∈的最小正周期为 【 】 A .4πB .2πC .πD .2π 16. 设数列{}n a ,1a =1,前n 项和为n S ,若13n n S S +=()*n N ∈,则数列{}n a 的 第5项是 【 】A . 81B .181C. 54D. 162 17. 设常数0a >且1a ≠,则函数()log xa f x a x =-的零点个数不可能...是 【 】 A. 1个 B. 2个 C.3个 D. 4个 18. 设ABC ∆中,角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,则“o90C ∠>”的一个充分非必要条件是 【 】A .222sin sin sin ABC +<B.1sin ,cos 44A B ==C.22(1)c a b >+- D.sin cos A B <三、解答题(本大题满分74分)本大题共有5题,解答下列各题必须写出必要步骤. 19. (本题满分12分,7分+5分)已知函数22()2sin ()4f x x x π=--(1)求()f x 的单调递增区间; (2)求函数()f x 在区间[0,]6π上的最大值.20. (本题满分14分,6分+8分) 已知函数4()lg 21x f x x +⎛⎫=-⎪+⎝⎭的定义域为集合A ,函数()g x =B 。
2015年上海市高三英语八校联考试题(含答案)
2015年上海市高三英语八校联考I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Scotland is a unique place, full of history, where you can find noble palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________(beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of a proud and splendid past.In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots conquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms.The history of this ancient struggle, and its people’s ancient love affair with the hard land, 27__________(enclose) within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday necessities 28__________(display) here.From coastal Aberdeen in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there 29 __________(run) the Castle Trail, a road that touches on many fortresses, 30 __________ are witnesses of continual rebellions against the ruling of neighboring England in Scottish history.Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy(自治) is the 31_________ which was experienced inside this ancient church of Arbroath, 32__________, in 1320, the Declaration of Independence was celebrated at the encouragement of King Robert the Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has devoted the wonderful film “Brave Heart”, the winner of five Oscars.(B)Alice worked in the dry goods store from eight in the morning until six at night. As time passed and she became more and more lonely she began to practice the devices common 33_________ lonely people. When at night she went upstairs into her own room she knelt on the floor to pray and in her prayers 34_________ (whisper) things she wanted to say to her lover.The trick of saving money, begun for a purpose, was carried on after the scheme of going to the city 35_________(find) Ned Currie, had been given up. It became a fixed habit, and when she needed new clothes she did not get them. Sometimes on rainy afternoons in the store she got out her bank book and, 36_________ (let) it lie open before her, spent hours 37_________(dream) impossible dreams of saving money enough 38_________ _________ the interest would support both herself and her future husband.In the dry goods store weeks ran into months and months into years as Alice waited and dreamed of her lover's return. Her employer, a grey old man with false teeth and a thin grey mustache that drooped down over his mouth, was not given to conversation, and sometimes, on rainy days and in the winter 39_________ a storm raged in Main Street, long hours passed when no customers came in. Alice arranged and rearranged the stock. She stood near the front window where she could look down the deserted street and thought of the evenings when she had walked with Ned Currie and of 40_________ he had said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Are you a science fan? If so, which area interests you: physics, chemistry, or biology? Whichever area it is, science is all about finding answers and 41_______. Sure, we can read books and find out how many things work and learn equations or formulas to help us better understand the world around us. However, the information we 42 _______from books needs to be put into practice and then used in research to make further 43_______.The annual “Shanghai Future Science Stars” Contest was held recently, with a variety of entries in different fields, from physics to medicine, submitted(提交) by adolescent science enthusiasts from across the city. This year some notable submissions, ranging from a jumping robotic frog to the 44_______properties of titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) on hair against UV rays, 45_______the adolescent scientists’ innovations and research skills.In the past, China was a culture of creativity and innovation that contributed some major 46_______to the world, such as the printing press, paper, the compass and gunpowder. This contest is aimed at nurturing(培养) that creativity and 47_______people to put into practice what they’ve learnt from books.This nurturing needs to be started in school; science needs to be taught in a way that is fun and engages students’minds. Simply studying other people’s experiments and being told the results isn’t something that 48 _______a student’s imagination. If students are able to conduct some of the smaller experiments themselves, then maybe they will discover a passion for science they didn’t know they had before.The world is always 49_______. Today’s scientists and innovators won’t be around forever, so now is the time to find new talent. The next Einstein or Edison might be sitting next to you in class, or it could even be you and you just don’t know it. These competitions are aimed at giving people hands-on experience and the platform to show what they can do.Next time you’re in class, don’t just read and listen; try to think of ways what you are learning can be 50 _______to real-life situations. Look around! It’s an interesting world and maybe you can make it a little better to live in.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official or executive always takes 51_______ time to be polite and offer refreshments. No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this hospitality.The "conference visit" is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business 52_______ strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is 53_______ several times by people who come into the room unannounced, 54_______or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and 55_______. Act 56_______ you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.Making decisions 57_______ is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness in doing business in the Middle East that 58_______ a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions. 59_______ is an important quality. You may have to wait two or three days to see high-level government officials as they are very busy. Give yourself enough time. Personal relationships are very important. They are the key to doing business in Arab countries. Try to 60_______ the decision-maker regarding your product service immediately and get to know him on a friend basis. Do your 61_______. Be prepared to discuss details of your product or proposal. Be ready to answer technical questions. Familiarize yourself with the Moslem and national holidays. 62_______ a visit during Ramadan, the Moslem month of fasting. Most Arab countries have six-day workweek form. Saturday through Thursday. When matched with the Monday to Friday practice in most Western countries, it leaves only three and a half workdays shared. Remember this in planning your appointments. Moslems do not eat pork. Some are strict about the religion’s prohibition against alcoholic beverages. If you are not sure, wait for your 63_______to suggest the proper thing to drink.When an Arab says yes, he may mean "64_______". When he says maybe, he probably means "no". You seldom get a direct "no" from an Arab because it is considered 65_______. Also, he does not want to close his options. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means, “if God is willing”. On the other hand, "yes" does not necessarily mean "yes". A smile and a slow nod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.51. A. extra B. little C. dinner D. no52. A. at the mention of B. in the presence of C. on behalf of D. with the help of53. A. honored B. hosted C. interrupted D. interpreted54. A. sneeze B. signal C. wave D. whisper55. A. cry B. leave C. smile D. stand56. A. as though B. if only C. even if D. so that57. A. carefully B. finally C. quickly D. unwillingly58. A. encourages B. greets C. puzzles D. welcomes59. A. Bravery B. Courage C. Diligence D. Patience60. A. admire B. identify C. respect D. thank61. A. experiment B. homework C. pray D. business62. A. Avoid B. Pay C. Reject D. Request63. A. boss B. friend C. host D. official64. A. yes B. no C. maybe D. inshallah65. A. direct B. formal C. hospitable D. impoliteSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Should parents send their freshmen off to campus armed with a debit or credit card to learn how to handle money? Or is it better to keep firm control through the Bank of Mom and Dad?The "correct" answer will vary by family and personal preference.The Credit Card Act that took effect 2.5 years ago made it much harder for anyone under 21 to get a card. Gone are the days of card issuers collecting plenty of new customers on campus by handing out free T-shirts or rewards points for spring break.Under-21s can still obtain a credit card if they have a qualified co-signer or proof of sufficient income to repay the debt. And card issuers still market aggressively to college students, targeting them with pre-screened mail offers. That makes parents, as the likeliest co-signers, more involved in the card-or-no-card decision.Robyn Kahn Federman of Rochester, N.Y., says there’s “no way” she’ll let either of her two daughters have a credit card at such a financially tender age. Her daughter Sarah, who’s 19 and about to start her second year of college, uses Robyn’s PayPal card instead. That lets her mom fund the balance and see how she spends her money.“I don’t think anything related to debt belongs in the hands of a college kid,” says Federman, communications director of a marketing agency. “The vast majority are not experienced enough with money or aware enough of the risks.”Some students, though, have shown they’re disciplined enough to have their own card on campus.Scott Gamm, 20, a junior at New York University's Stern School of Business, used his income from freelance(自由职业的) work and blogging to obtain a Visa card and then an American Express card. He charges $200 to $300 on them monthly and pays every bill in full.But he has friends who obtained three or four cards within a year and now have big debts.“The more credit you have access to, especially at that young age, the higher the probability you’ll use that card to finance fancy clothes, restaurants and entertainment.” says Gamm.66. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. People hold different opinions about their kids using credit cardsB. Credit cards are useful in helping deal with money matters.C. It is better to have Mom and Dad who now run a bank.D. The new Act made it impossible to get a credit card for freshmen.67. To obtain a credit card, an under-21 has to .A. own a credit card of his own previouslyB. have someone to repay the possible debtC. turn to their parents to get their permissionD. ask their parents to write the application letter68. We may infer from the case of Sarah that PayPal card .A. is a kind of credit cardB. funds the balance automaticallyC. has access to creditD. keeps records of money spent69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Credit Card ActB. Students and credit cardsC. Card issuers and studentsD. Parents and choice of cards(B)Dan Bilsker PhD (Lead Author)Dan is a clinical psychologist who works at Vancouver General Hospital and consults to a mental health research group at the University of British Columbia. Merv Gilbert PhDMerv is a clinicalpsychologist workingat British Columbia’sChildren’s Hospitaland in privatepracticein Vancouver.David Worling PhDDavid is a clinicalpsychologist workingin private practice inVancouver.E. Jane GarlandM.D., F.R.C.P.(C)Jane is a psychiatristwith a Mood/AnxietyDisorders Clinic whodoes research atthe University ofBritish Columbia onthe treatment ofmood problems.Dealing with Depression is based on the experience of the authors and on scientific research about which strategies work best in overcoming depression. Also, because strategies useful for adults may not be useful for adolescents, depressed and non-depressed teens helped in the development of this guide.Dealing with Depression is intended for:* teens with depressed mood* concerned adults who want to help a depressed teen* other teens who want to help a friend or family memberThis guide is meant to provide teens with accurate information about depression. It is not a psychological or medical treatment, and is not a replacement for treatment where this is needed. If expert assistance or treatment is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.Funding for this guide is provided by the Mental Health Evaluation & Community Consultation Unit (MHECCU) of The University of British Columbia through a grant by the Ministry of Children and Family Development, aspart of the provincial Child and Youth Mental Health Plan.70. According to the passage, Dealing with Depression is targeted at .A. researches on depressionB. clinical psychologists giving treatmentC. adults with depressed moodD. people concerned with mood problems71. The four cartoon figures are .A. professionals at universitiesB. natives of British ColumbiaC. clinical psychologistsD. co-authors lead by Dan Bilsker72. What can we learn from the passage?A. Depressed teens provide accurate information about depression.B. Competent professionals will come to provide services if needed.C. Dealing with Depression receives government financial support.D. Dealing with Depression offers expert assistance and treatment.73. After reading this page, we can conclude that it is probably .A. an advertisement for medicineB. an introduction of a guidebookC. a cartoon about psychologistsD. an introduction of a health problem(C)Edgar Degas, J. M. W. Turner and other painters captured centuries of atmospheric records as they decorated canvases with sunset scenes.Greek scientists worked with an artist to confirm that the ratio of red to green in sunset painting, both old and new, increased when particles filled the air, such as after major volcanic eruption(火山喷发) or dust storms. The atmospheric physicists also found a gradual shift in artistic sunset hues over centuries, possibly due to ever-increasing air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.An earlier study, led by atmospheric physicist Christos Zerefos of the Academy of Athens in Greece, discovered that the amount of red relative to green in sunset descriptions increased after eruptions, including Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Coseguina, Nicaragua in 1835 and Krakatau, Indonesia in 1883.Zerefos’ team analyzed 554 paintings created between 1550 and 1990. For up to three years after eruptions, sunsets reddened as sunlight bounced off dust and gas from the volcanoes. The latest study, also by Zerefos, used improved scanning and analysis techniques to confirm the earlier results.A modern painter, Panayiotis Tetsis, unknowingly repeated the artistic atmospheric observations of classical masters. In the artists’ description of sunsets light over the Greek island of Hydra, the color ratio shifted towards red in paintings done both before (June 19, 2010) and after (June 20, 2010) a dust cloud from Sahara Desert filtered the sunset’s light.Zerefos’ team connected the timing of classical paintings’ red shift to other records of the atmosphere trapped in ice cores from Greenland, in the recent study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The ice cores recorded spikes(尖刺) in sulfur-containing chemicals likely from volcanoes. These spikes corresponded in time to artists’ increasingly dark red sunsets.The comparison of ice and art also revealed a slow shift in the coloring of the sunset. As the factories of Europe roared into production in the 19th and early 20th century, painting described a steady increase in the red to green ratio. The ice cores recorded a steady rise in airborne particles from industrial pollution during the same time.74. The underlined word “hues” in the second paragraph probably means .A. anglesB. colorsC. locationsD. times75. What do we know about Zerefos’ research from the passage?A. Both modern and ancient artists describing sunset are involved in the research.B. It confirmed an obvious increase in the ratio of green to red in sunset paintings.C. The shift from green to red also existed in the records of ice cores trapped items.D. The team used traditional techniques to confirm the earlier results of the research.76. How did Zerefos’ team confirm that atmospheric records kept by painters were reliable?A. By analyzing classical paintingsB. By connecting time to colorC. By comparing art with iceD. By working with an artist77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. A modern research of ancient art and ice with pollution.B. Art Masterpiece and pollutants trapped in ice cores.C. An increase in the ratio of red to green in paintingsD. Art Masterpiece Recorded Centuries of Pollution.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Six thousand years ago, farmers in Mesopotamia dug a ditch to bring water from the Euphrates River. With that successful effort to satisfy their thirsty crops, they went on to form the world’s first irrigation(灌溉)-based civilization. Sumerian farmers harvested plentiful crops for some 2,000 years thanks to the extra water brought in from the river, but the soil, when water evaporates(蒸发), was eventually reduced to salinization, the poisonous buildup of salts and other substances left behind.Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than did in ancient Sumeria. About 40 percent of the world’s food now grows in irrigated soils, which make up 18 percent of global cropland. Farmers who irrigate can typically get in two or three harvests every year and get higher crop yields. As a result. the spread of irrigation has a key factor behind the great increase in global grain production since 1950. Done correctly, irrigation will continue to play a leading role in feeding the world, but as history shows, dependence on irrigated agriculture also brings about significant risks.Fortunately, a great deal of room exists for improving the productivity of water used in agriculture. A first line of attack is to increase irrigation efficiency. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows(犁沟), relying on gravity move the water across the land. The plants absorb only a small fraction of the water; the rest drains into rivers or evaporates. In many locations this practice not only wastes and pollutes water but also degrades the land through water logging and salinization. More efficient and environmentally sound technologies exist that could reduce water demand on farms by up to 50 percent.Drip systems rank high among irrigation technologies with significant untapped potential. Unlike flooding techniques, drip systems enable farmers to deliver water directly to the plants’roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste. Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the US have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods. Sprinklers can perform almost as well as drip methods when they are designed properly. Traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible. The problem is that the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. In contrast, new low-energy sprinklers deliver water in small doses through nozzles(喷嘴) placed just above the ground. Numerous farmers in Texas who have fixed such sprinklers have found that their plants absorb 90 to 95percent of the water that leaves the sprinkler nozzles.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The ancient irrigation-based civilization in Mesopotamia brought about both .79. The underlined word “practice”in paragraph 3 refers to farmers’efforts to to irrigate their crops.80. The two examples listed in the passage as efficient ways of irrigation are .81. We may infer from the passage that irrigation has already , though its potential risks do exist.第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们通常需要一个星期才能从流感中恢复健康。
高中英语真题-八校联盟2015届高三第二次联考试卷
高中英语真题:八校联盟2015届高三第二次联考试卷本试卷分为第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,满分120分,考试用时100分钟。
注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必在答题卡上相应的位置准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号,并将条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2.选择题选出答案后,用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号按要求涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
非选择题用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)AAs any plane passenger will confirm, a crying baby is almost i mpossible to ignore, no matter how hard you try. Now scientists believe they may have worked out why. A baby’s cry pulls a t the heartstrings(扣人心弦) in a way while other cries don’t, researchers found. Researchers found that a baby’s cry can trigger unique emoti onal responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ign ore them---whether we are parents or not. Other types of cries, including calls of animals in great pain, fail to get the same response---suggesting the brain is programmed to respond specifically to a baby’s cry.A team of scientists scanned the brains of 28 men and wom en as they listened to a variety of calls and cries. After 100 mil liseconds two parts of the brain that respond to emotion lit up. Their response to a baby’s cry was particularly strong. The re sponse was seen in both men and women—even if they had no children.Researcher Dr Christine Parsons said, “You might read that men should just notice a baby and step over it and not see it, but it’s not true. There is a special processing in men and wo men, which makes sense from an evolutionary(演变的) view that both men and women would be responding to th ese cries.” The study was in people who were not parents, yet they are all responding at 100ms to these particular cries, sothis might be a fundamental response present in all of us rega rdless of parental status.Researcher Katie Young said it may take a bit longer for som eone to recognize their own child’s cries because they need t o do more “fine-grained analysis”. The team had previously found that our rea ctions speed up when we hear a baby crying. Adults performe d better on computer games when they heard the sound of a baby crying than after they heard recordings of adults crying.1. A baby’s cry is difficult to ignore because it _____.A. keeps on cryingB. cries harder than adultsC. causes people great painD. makes people feel strong emotions2. The underlined word “trigger” in Paragraph 2 probably mea ns “_____”A. removeB. avoidC. causeD. Cure3. What may Christine Parsons agree to?A. Almost everyone makes certain response to a baby’s crie s.B. A crying baby makes no sense to people without children.C. Men pay less attention to a crying baby than women.D. Parents can hardly recognize their own babies’ cry.4. Computer games are mentioned in the text to show _____.A. players’ different reactions to a crying babyB. baby’s crying contributes to quicker reactionsC. the influence of baby’s and adult’s crying on performanceD. it’s hard to keep one’s concentration with a crying baby n earbyBNicola Tesla was born on 10th July 1856 in Croatia, a country in Eastern Europe. From a very young age, Tesla was interes ted in electricity. In 1881, one of the first telephone exchanges opened in . Tesla moved there and got a job. It was here that Tesla first thought of the idea of the alternating current(AC交流电).In 1884, Tesla moved to and worked for Thomas Edison, but only for less than a year. Tesla was sure his AC motor was th e best way to capture(获取) and transport the power of electricity. However, Edison th ought his way of using direct current(DC) was better and cons idered AC unsafe. But soon the scientific community accepted AC was more powerful than DC and it was proved safe.In 1895, Tesla designed the first water power plant using theenergy of the . And he did it using the AC motor. After the suc cess of AC, Tesla became well known. He travelled and spok e to many scientists about his inventions and ideas. He built a large laboratory where he did amazing things with lights and electricity. However, it burned down not long after it was built. As Tesla got older, he continued to come up with new ideas a nd theories. But he was less successful and famous. Many pe ople didn’t recognize that particular inventions were really Tes la’s ideas.Tesla gave speeches about creating electrical power from the earth’s atmosphere. He also talked about ways that wireless electricity and communication could power things all over the world! But to the people of his time, these ideas sounded craz y. However, some of his ideas have now been supported by modern research and technology.Tesla’s last years were lonely and sad. He received many aw ards, but received very little money. When he died in 1943, he was no longer famous and felt forgotten. Today, not many pe ople know the name of Nicola Tesla but his inventions and ide as affect our lives every day!5. Why did Tesla stop working for Edison?A. Tesla was badly paid there.B. Tesla wanted to move back to Europe.C. They had very different characters.D. They had some di sagreements.6. In his later years, Tesla_____.A. was misunderstood and doubtedB. lived a colorful life .C. was unable to think out new ideasD. rose to fame as an award-winning inventor7. We can learn from the text that Tesla_____.A. became famous as an assistant to EdisonB. was way ah ead of modern technologyC. had great interest in travellingD. was not good at sp eeches8. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Nicola Tesla, a challenger for difficultiesB. Nicola Tesla, a dreamer in scienceC. Nicola Tesla, a forgotten inventorD. Nicola Tesla, a s trange scientistCThere was a strange father, John Blake, from , who named hi s children after a computer software term. He told the local newspaper the US traditional way of adding“Junior”or“II”after a boy’s name was too common. So, when his son was born last week, he decided on the name John Blake 2.0, as if he were a soft ware programmer.Mr. Blake admitted that it took months to persuade his wife, J amie, to accept the idea. Mrs. Blake said she asked several fri ends whether they could accept this name or not. “All the men ,” she said, “felt the name was cool.” However,her women friends did not think so.“I think the women end up like it,”she said.Mr. Blake told the local newspaper he got the idea from a film called The Legend of 1900,in which an abandoned baby is given the name 1900 to reme mber the year of its birth. “I thought that if they can do it ,why can’t we?”he said. After little John version 2.0 was born, Mr. B lake even sent a celebratory e-mail to the family and friends, which was designed to look as i f he and his wife had created a new software.“I wrote things li ke there are a lot of new features from Version 1.0 with additi onal features from Jamie,”he said. And he has already planne d for his son’s future. “If he has a child, he could name it 3.0,”he said.9.From the passage we know that “John Blake 2.0”_____.A. is also the name of a computerB. shows the traditional way of American baby namingC. has the same meaning as“John Blake Junior”D. tells something about the hope the father places on his ba by10.What do the name of “1900”and“Jon Version 2.0”have in c ommon?A. They are both connected with computer.B. They are both untraditional.C. They both tell about the births.D. They are to be equally popular.11. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. All Mrs. Blake’s friends support their idea.B. The name“1900”is also a computer software term.C. When Mr. Blake had a second child, he would name it “Jo hn Version 3.0”.D. Mrs. Blake didn’t agree to name her son after a computer software term at the very beginning.DWith the development of society, many people are coming u nder the umbrella of fatness. Not just adults,but even children are getting overweight. Today some of the n ewborn babies are also born fat. It has been proved that the p eople living in the western developed countries are more likel y to become overweight. There are a number of causes behin d this.The people in the developed countries including the almost e njoy all the comforts of life. Almost all the things in the lives of the people living in these countries are at their finger tips. A v ery limited amount of movement and physical effort is require d to do any kind of job. Because of the fact that these countrie s are quite developed,most of the jobs that the people take up are desk jobs. So the lifestyle of them is just around the office desk.Most of the western developed countries are cold ones. Natur e demands that people eat the kinds of food so as to make th em stand the coldness. Therefore,wine,fatty dairy products,bread,junk food,and red meat become important diets in these countries. However,the blame cannot be entirely put on the unhealthy eating habit s of the people. Technology allows them to import almost all the food products that they do not grow. Although some health y foods are grown in the countries nowadays,the quantity is very limited. It is not enough to meet the dema nd. So when they are not available and fatty foods are cheape r, people prefer to go for the eating habit that they have alway s been following.12. According to Paragraph 2,most people in the developed countries do ______.A. office jobsB. management jobsC. physical jobsD. tiring jobs13. According to the text, the reason why people in the wester n developed countries have to eat some fatty foods is that ___ _.A. the unhealthy eating habit is not importantB. fatty foods cost less to buy and healthy foods are in shorta geC. healthy foods are in shortage and fatty foods are abundant.D. they can’t put the blame on their eating habits.14. The purpose of the author in writing the text is to ________ _.A. warn us of our bad eating habits in the developed countriesB. remind us of the relation between food and weight gainC. inform us of the causes of weight gain in the developed co untriesD. tell us that fatness in the developed countries is natural15. People in the western developed countries often ________ __.A. carry umbrellas with themB. blame the fatness on the weat herC. grow a lot of healthy foods in their countriesD. eat to prote ct themselves from the coldness第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
上海市2015届高三第二学期联考物理试卷
上海市2014-2015学年高三第二次六校联考物理试卷2015.3本试卷共10页,满分l50分,考试时间l20分钟。
全卷包括六大题,第一、二大题为单项选择题,第三大题为多项选择题,第四大题为填空题,第五大题为实验题,第六大题为计算题。
考生注意:1、答卷前,务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
2、第一、第二大题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置,需要更改时,必须将原选项用橡皮擦去,重新选择。
第三、第四、第五和第六大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置(作图可用铅笔)。
3、第30、31、32、33题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的,不能得分。
有关物理量的数值计算问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一.单项选择题(每小题2分,共16分。
)1.人类对光的本性的认识经历了曲折的过程。
下列关于光的本性的陈述不符合...科学规律或历史事实的是()A.牛顿的“微粒说”与爱因斯坦的“光子说”本质上是一样的B.光的双缝干涉实验显示了光具有波动性C.麦克斯韦预言了光是一种电磁波D.光具有波粒二象性2.关于原子和原子核,下列说法中正确的是()A.汤姆孙发现了电子使人们认识到电子是组成物质的最小微粒B.原子核集中了原子的几乎全部正电荷和全部质量C.卢瑟福通过原子核的人工转变发现了质子D.β粒子是从原子核内发出的,说明原子核内有电子存在3. 在力学理论建立的过程中,有许多伟大的科学家做出了贡献。
关于科学家和他们的贡献,下列说法正确的是()A.第谷通过对天体运动的长期观察,发现了行星运动三定律B.亚里士多德认为力的真正效应总是改变物体的速度,而不仅仅是使之运动C.牛顿最早指出力不是维持物体运动的原因D.卡文迪什第一次在实验室里测出了引力常量4.如图所示,水平地面上堆放着原木,关于原木P在支撑点M、N处受力的方向,下列说法正确的是()A.M处受到的支持力竖直向上B. N处受到的支持力竖直向上C. M处受到的摩擦力沿MN方向D.N处受到的摩擦力沿水平方向5.已知声波在钢轨中传播的速度远大于在空气中传播的速度,则当声音由钢轨传到空气中时()A.频率变小,波长变长B.频率变大,波长变短C.频率不变,波长变长D.频率不变,波长变短6.对于曲线运动,下列说法中正确的是()A.速度方向和加速度方向不可能一致B.合外力一定与速度方向垂直C.合外力一定发生变化D.物体受到的摩擦力方向一定和速度方向平行7.游泳运动员以相对于水流恒定的速率垂直河岸过河,当水速突然增大时,则过河()A.路程增加、时间增加B.路程增加、时间不变C.路程增加、时间缩短D.路程、时间都不变8.下列选项中的各圆环大小相同,所带电荷量已在图中标出,且电荷均匀分布,各圆环间彼此绝缘。
上海市八校2015高三11月联考历史试卷
上海市八校2015高三11月联考历史试卷考生注意:1、考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。
2、本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求;所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上;做在试卷上一律不得分。
3、答题前,务必在答题纸指定位置清楚地填写相关考生信息。
4、答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
一、选择题(共75分)以下每小题2分,共60分,每题只有一个正确的选项。
1.某位学者比较人类四大古文明时,提及其中两个文明:这两个文明基本上都是土生土长地自行发展出来的,也都有自然天险屏障或地理上的偏安,让他们自成一个世界,为统一政权的出现提供有利养分。
学者所指称的两大文明最可能是:A.印度、埃及古文明B.两河、中国古文明C.埃及、中国古文明D.印度、两河古文明2. 曾经在蒙古的凌辱下背井离乡,又在崛起中改变了欧亚非交汇地区的历史进程;曾经是雄霸世界的穆斯林帝国,却在20世纪的大厮杀中成为单一民族的国家。
它是A.土耳其帝国 B.俄罗斯帝国 C.阿拉伯帝国 D.德意志帝国3.黑格尔《历史哲学》中说:“……平凡的土地,平凡的平原把人类束缚在土壤上,把他卷入无穷的依赖性里边,但是大海却挟着人类超越了那些思想和行动的有限的圈子。
”从古希腊看,下列不能反映“大海却挟着人类超越了那些思想和行动的有限的圈子”的成果的是A.不断发展的民主制度 B.强调人的价值、人的决定作用C.高度发达的商业文明 D.小国寡民的城邦制度4. 雅典民主政治从梭伦、克里斯提尼到伯利克里时代不断发展。
此时是古代中国和罗马A.西周‖共和时代B.东周‖共和时代C.秦朝‖帝国时代D.汉朝‖帝国时代5.古代希腊思想家苏格拉底等人的贡献在于A.“将哲学从天上带到人间”B.打破了中世纪神学对人性的束缚C.动摇了天主教会的权威D.为人类勾画“理性王国”的蓝图6. 古代雅典城邦平民能在反对贵族的斗争中逐渐取得胜利,最重要的社会因素是A.平民开展暴力斗争B.代表平民利益的领袖不断改革C.平民中不再有债奴D.平民中新兴工商业者力量壮大7.罗马法是欧洲历史上第一种比较系统完整的法律体系,它经历了一个不同寻常的发展历程。
上海市十三校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题(解析版)
2015届上海市高中十三校联考(第二次)解析版(松江二中、青浦、七宝、市二、行知、进才、位育、育才、奉贤、金山、崇明、南汇、嘉定一中、南洋)(一)阅读下文,完成第1-6题。
(17分)谁是最可怜的人刘再复(1)想想中国历史的沧桑起落,看到一些大人物的升降浮沉,便冒出一个问题自问自答。
问的是:“谁是最可怜的人?”答的是:“孔夫子。
”(2)被权势者抬的时候、捧的时候已经“可怜得很”,更不用说被打、被骂、被声讨的时候。
(3) 一九八八年,我应瑞典文学院的邀请,在斯德哥尔摩大学做了一次题为“传统和中国当代文学”的讲座,就说在五四新文化运动中最倒霉的是孔夫子。
因为拿他作文化革命运动的靶子,就把他判定为“孔家店”总头目,吃人文化的总代表,让他承担数千年中国文化负面的全部罪恶。
在当时的文化改革者的笔下,中国的专制、压迫、奴役,中国人奴性、兽性、羊性、家畜性,中国国民的世故、圆滑、虚伪、势利、自大,中国妇女的裹小脚,中国男人的抽鸦片,等等黑暗,全都推到孔夫子头上,那些年月,他老人家真被狠狠地泼了一身脏水。
(4)仅着眼于“五四”,说孔夫子是“最倒霉的人”恐怕没有错,但是如果着眼于整个20世纪乃至今天,则应当用一个更准确的概念,这就是“最可怜的人”。
我所定义“最可怜的人”,是任意被揉捏的人。
更具体地说,是被任意宰割、任意定性、任意编排、任意驱使的人。
不错,最可怜的人并非被打倒、被打败的人,而是像面团一样被任意揉捏的人。
不幸,我们的孔夫子正是这样的人。
可怜这位“先师”,一会儿被捧杀,一会儿被扼杀,一会儿被追杀。
揉来捏去,翻手为神,覆手为妖。
时而是圣人,时而是罪人;时而是真君子,时而是“巧伪人”;时而是文曲星,时而是“落水狗”;时而是“王者师”,时而是“丧家犬”。
(5)孔夫子的角色被一再揉捏、一再变形之后,其“功能”也变幻无穷。
鲁迅点破的功能是“敲门砖”,权力之门,功名之门,豪门,侯门,宫廷门,都可以敲进去。
不读孔子的书,怎可进身举人进士状元宰相?但鲁迅看到的是孔子当圣人时的功能,未见到他倒霉而被定为罪人时的功能。
上海市十校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题带答案
上海市十校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题一、阅读(80分)(一)阅读下文,完成1—6题。
(17分)神秘的文艺(有删节)余雷庆①文艺的神秘源自人的神秘。
毛姆说:托尔斯泰出生于乡村贵族家庭,这样的家很少产生杰出作家,“在当时,俄国有许多这样的乡村贵族,他们年轻时赌博、酗酒、玩女人,然后结婚、在庄园里定居、生一大群孩子、骑马、打猎、照管自己土地和农奴。
他们中间也有不少人和托尔斯泰一样具有自由主义倾向;和他一样为农奴的无知、可怕的贫困和恶劣的生活状况感到忧虑,也和他一样想改变农奴的命运。
然而,有一点托尔斯泰却和他们不一样,那就是他在过着和他们一样的生活的同时,却写出了两部世界上最伟大的小说——《战争与和平》和《安娜·卡列尼娜》。
至于他是怎么写出来的,却是一个无法解释的谜,就像苏塞克斯郡一个老派绅士的儿子(指雪莱)居然会写出《西风颂》来一样。
”(《毛姆读书随笔》)②文艺的神秘便是一切创作的神秘,而文艺家有时会将它们弄得更加神秘。
托尔斯泰说,他并没有想让安娜死,是人物后来自己一步步走向死亡的。
可是,我却爱听同样是杰出小说家的毛姆的话:“安娜爱上了渥伦斯基,托尔斯泰对此大不以为然,为了让读者懂得罪恶的报应就是死亡,他便把一个悲惨的结局强加到安娜身上。
安娜的死,除了托尔斯泰有意要把她引向死路,没有其他理由可以解释。
”因为,“既然安娜从未爱过她丈夫,她丈夫也从不把她放在心上,她为什么就不可以跟丈夫离婚,改嫁渥伦斯基,从此快快活活过日子呢?”这正是我当年看书时的疑问:既然那个上流社会,人们都以有情夫为荣,为什么保持暧昧关系可以,正大光明离婚结婚就不可以呢?③毛姆说得合乎情理,安娜哪里是自己要死,是托尔斯泰要她死。
一个虚构人物,只活在创造他的那个作家那里,别的作家半点奈何他不得。
《红楼梦》里的人物够活生生了吧,一到高鹗笔下,全部走了样;即便有些事已经知道了个八九不离十,比如林黛玉会早死,就是不知道她怎么死法。
上海市八校2015届高三上学期期中联考化学试题 Word版含答案
上海2014学年第一学期SOEC (八校)高三化学试卷 2014.11考生注意:1.本试卷满分l50分,考试时间120分钟2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求;所有答题必须涂(选择 题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上;做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前,考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号。
4.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。
相对原子质量: H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 Na —23 Si —28 S -32 Cl -35.5 K -39 Fe —56 Ba -137 一、选择题(本题共10分,每小题2分,每小题只有一个正确选项)1.“玉兔”号月球车用Pu 23894作为热源材料,下列关于Pu 23894的说法正确的是A .Pu 23894与U 23892互为同位素 B .Pu 23894与Pu 23994互为同素异形体 C .Pu 23894与U 23892具有完全相同的化学性质 D .Pu 23894与Pu 23994具有相同的最外层电子2.下列有关化学表达正确的是A .CS 2B .铍原子最外层的电子云图:C .乙醇的球棍模型:D .氮原子最外层轨道表示式:3.下列有机物的命名及名称书写均正确的是A .CH 2Br -CH 2Br 二溴乙烷B .CH 3CH(NH 2)CH 2COOH 3-氨基丁酸C . 硬脂酸甘油脂D . 2,2-二甲基-3-丁醇4.下列仪器名称的书写规范且正确的是A .长颈漏斗B .表面皿C .三脚架D .瓷钳锅 5.关于晶体的叙述中,正确的是A .分子晶体中,分子间的作用力越大,该分子越稳定CHC 17H 35COO 2CH 2C 17H 35COO C 17H 35COO C CH CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3OHB .分子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高C .原子晶体中,共价键的键能越大,熔、沸点越高D .某晶体溶于水后,可电离出自由移动的离子,该晶体一定是离子晶体 二、选择题(本题共36分,每小题3分,每题只有一个正确选项)6.下列所述的操作中没有涉及到化学变化的是A .豆科作物的根瘤菌对空气中氮的固定B .将NO 2气体冷却后颜色会变浅C .通过煤的液化来提取苯、二甲苯等化工原料D .工业制液态氧 7.以下物理量只与温度有关的是 A .醋酸的电离度B .醋酸钠的水解程度C .水的离子积D .氨气的溶解度8.一般硫粉含有S (单斜)和S (正交)两种同素异形体。
高中英语真题-2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习:单项选择(1)_1
高中英语真题:2015届高考英语二轮专题检测精品练习:单项选择(1)The stone on the river bank rolled under her feet; she was ___ __into the river,and she called out for help.A. being jumpedB. jumpedC. pulledD. being pulled-When are you leaving?-My plane _____ at six.A. took offB. is about to take offC. takes offD. will take off【2013北京】25. --- Do you think Mom and Dad late? --- No, Swiss Air is usually on time.A. wereB. will beC. would beD. have been 【2013湖南】30. Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until yo u have it memorized.A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads(2014·成都市重点中学联考)She can’t help________the house because she’s busy making a cake in the kitchen.A.to clean B.cleaningC.cleaned D.being cleaning( 2014届·威海两校4月质检,32)—Ye Shiwen got the championship in the women's 400 meter in dividual medley at London Olympics.—She fully deserves the title. She ________ for it for years. A.is preparing B.was preparingC.has prepared D.had been preparing(2014·济南4月巩固性训练)_ _______it is,the boy never seems to be able to finish it off.A.However interesting a bookB.Whatever interesting a bookC.How interesting a bookD.What an interesting bookThere is no simple answer,________is often the case in science.A.as B.thatC.when D.where(2014福建卷)27. the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. SpendingB. SpentC. Having spentD. To spend (2014·临川一中检测)Hurry up!The train________.You know it________at 8∶00 am. A.leaves;leaves B.is leaving;leavesC.leaves;is leaving D.is leaving;is leaving( 2014届·上海市八校联考,35)Despite ongoing street protests, US beef ________ in South Korea due to its lower price.A.is sold well B.sells wellC.sells poorly D.is sold poorly(2014·温州第一次适应性测试)The footballer didn’t succeed in scoring,though________several chances by his teammates.A.was given B.being givenC.giving D.given【2013安徽】27. This project requires close teamwork. will be achiev ed unless we work well together.A. NothingB. AnythingC. SomethingD. Ev erything(2014·石家庄高中复习教学质检)I always try to be________to others when walking my pet d og along a pavement and step to the side with my dog to let t hem pass by.A.flexible B.considerateC.devoted D.sensitive【2013湖南】21. Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whomB. whoC. whatD. whichAs everybody knows,kangaroos are native________Australia and are often regarde d as one of Australia’s national treasures.A.in B.toC.from D.with(2014届·济南3月模拟)The basic design of the car is very similar to________of the earlier model.A.that B.itC.this D.oneHow cool you are! I like color and style of your tie. They are good______ match for your coat.A.a, the B.a, a C.the, a D.the, the Don’t have the clock ______ , Your father is sleeping.A. ringsB. rangC. ringD. ringing( 2014届·济南市4月模拟,22)Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver, ________ car was blocking the street.A.which B.whoseC.of whom D.of whichI called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldn't get through. Her brother ______ on the phone all the time. A. has been talking B. was talkingC. has talkedD. talkedHiking by oneself can be fun and good for health.It may also b e good for________building.A.respect B.friendshipC.reputation D.character(2014届·山东省实验中学高三检测)—He tried his best to make the________of the famous professor and persuaded him to be his tutor.—May he succeed.A.decision B.functionC.acquaintance D.friends(2014·黑龙江质检)—How do you find your missing pen?—________.A.Quite by accidentB.I found it in my drawerC.It writes wellD.It was well kept by my fatherMary and Joan quarreled, but they after a while.A.put up B.brought up C.made up D.set up1.【译文】河岸的石头滚到她的脚下;把她推到了河里,于是喊救命。
上海市八校2015届高三第二次联考语文.doc
上海市八校2015届高三第二次联考语文1.隐含作者对这种‘‘定义”的不赞同,(1分)为下文展开论述做准备。
(1分)(2分)2.⑴汉字结构的科学性、艺术性及书写出来的笔法、字法、章法;(1分)⑵字体得以显示的‘‘物器”、材料本身的质地、色调因素;(1分)(3)书体形态与材料形态有机融合中显示出来的美。
(1分)3.丢弃了文字内容(1分)而只专注文字的 物态形式(1分),不是一个完整的书法“本体”。
(1分)(3分)4.A5.(D。
汉字字‘‘形”的文化意义、审美意义是稀薄的,不确定的,而不是‘‘不具有”)(3分)6.比如王羲之的书法《兰亭集序》法帖,从文化意义上看,那就不只是对他挥洒自如书法 的欣赏,我们还能从书法《兰亭集序》的内容中,感受到作者的思想与情感,还能从他书写 时出现的漏字、改字感受到他的随意和放松的心态(内容近似即可,主要是体现对文化意义的认识)(4分,例子1分,文化意义3分) 2阅读下文,完成第7—11题。
(21分)文学家之魂【曰本】内山完造(1)倘若以一言来形容鲁迅,我只能说他有着古武士之气概和中国式的血肉之躯,该强硬的时候他绝不妥协。
这与郭沫若的性格稍有不同,我与郭有相当深的交情,他主要偏向于政治,所以浑身上下散发着一种政治家的气质。
而鲁迅则是纯粹彻底的文学家,文章犀利伸展到一切可能的地方,至死都在拼命伸展抵抗。
(2)先生卧病在床的时候,托我找他时任南京宪兵队长的一名学生来见他。
先生说:“带他来见我。
”那名学生去见了先生,“我来看老师了。
”学生没说上几句话就回去了。
(3)不久后先生收到从南京来的一封信,信中言辞恳切委婉,大意如下:(4)前几日得见老师,激动欣喜之情不胜言表。
老师现在卧病在床,而针对老师的逮捕令已发出十年,至今未撤,作为您的学生,我的立场也很尴尬,所以一直想撤销对您的逮捕令,可是如果我现在自行撤销的话,只怕日后您会有所不满,所以特询问您的意思。
狮舞阅读答案
狮舞阅读答案【篇一:皖南八校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题及参考答案】第Ⅰ卷(阅读题共66分)一、(9分)阅读下文,完成第1~3题。
孔子创立儒家学派,他提出以“仁”为核心的学术,主张以仁爱之心处理人际关系。
孔子主张任何人都应该有一种为“仁”的愿望,应该诚心诚意去求“仁”,就会得到“仁”。
达到“仁”的境界的根源在于自己如何去做,只有主体自己的主动追求,才有可能达到“仁”的理想境界。
表明孔子认为“为仁”是某种自觉的内在情感行为,任何人是无法替代的,只要自己态度端正,就可以实现“仁”的要求。
孔子对“仁”的思想的重视,表明“仁”的思想和学说是孔子整个思想体系的价值核心。
在政治上把“德”“礼”作为首要的政治手段,要求以德治民,爱惜民力,反对苛政和刑杀;主张“克己复礼”,维护周礼是孔子政治思想中的保守部分。
董仲舒以天人论为形上依据,吸收百家思想,对先秦儒家仁义思想进行了改造。
他的改追突破宗法血缘限制,否定了孔孟的“亲亲”之仁、“敬长”之义,从人我的角度对仁义思想进行区分,把“仁”和人、“义”和我联系起来。
董仲舒把“仁”解为“天心”,仁的根据不在人自身,而在于天。
仁是天的意志与仁的血气相结合的产物。
仁的化身和理解形式就是天。
在道德实践的具体操作中,仁发于外,惠及广远,而义则发于内,从我做起,严格自律。
这显然已与先秦以来各家学派“血亲为本”的仁义主张形成了鲜明比照。
宋明理学开创了儒学的新时代,它使儒家思想理论化和哲学化,使儒学服务统治的政治作用和修养身心层面的社会功能走向一致化,但理学的发展也使儒学日益走向极端。
儒家思想精髓不在于其治国理论学说,封建制度只是封建社会的思想外壳,儒家思想精髓在于它的社会伦理思想,正是封建社会伦理观从国家统治阶级的高度期望出发将人们生活现实中的行为规范用通俗的语言——道德意识规范起来,让农民成为社会道德思想的奴隶,而这种封建伦理观作为封建统治阶级上层建筑社会意识中的最广泛影响治理社会群众基础的核心,从而完成对国家社会双重治理的理想效果。
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2015年高考(544)上海市八校2015届高三年级第二次联考上海市八校2015届高三第二次联考语文试题(华师大一附中、曹杨二中、市西、市三女中、控江、市北、育才、格致)一、阅读(80分)阅读下文,完成第1_6题。
(17分)中国书法:作为一种文化(1)我们提出书法是一种文化,并不是为书法下定义,只是一个范围的界定。
时下人们为中国书法已下过各种各样的定义,表述的方式各不同,但使用的一个关键词和核心概念是一样的,那就是艺术。
特别是几位著名的学者提出书法是艺术,甚至是纯粹艺术、最高艺术等等,影响甚大。
(2)人们把中国书法定义为艺术是基于中国书法具有很高的审美价值。
把汉字的字形放在中国书法作为文化层次的结构中来审视,就会发现,汉字符号的审美效果是在书法文化结构的物态文化层面体现的。
在整体的书法文化或一件完整的书法作品中,字体书法形态属于物态文化层,这是书法本体结构的外显的表层部分。
当人们对汉字结构的科学性、艺术性及书写出来的笔法、字法、章法给予充分的估量和赞美的时候,我们看到研究者往往只限于对作品物态文化层的分析说明。
并且往往忽略字体得以显示的物器、材料本身的质地、色调因素;忽略一件书法作品的美是在书体形态与材料形态有机融合中显示出来的这一重要事实,所以人们对书法物态层的研究与描述也往往是不全面的。
在多层次结构的书法文化中,只就其表层结构进行分析,把它当作书法本体、全体,并由此概括其性质并作定义。
这种研究思想和方法都值得斟酌。
(3)在对一种文化形态作文化结构的观察中,我们分出物态、制度、行为、心态四个文化层次,以求全面认识其内部结构中的各个文化层次并非具有同等的意义。
其中心态文化层是文化的核心部分。
这个核心部分体现着该文化形态被创造的目的。
因而也集中体现着该文化形态的价值、功能。
就具体的书法作品来说,展示汉字字迹的形态不是目的,展示出一定的文字的内容,以实现文字的记录、传播功能才是目的。
各种书法作品的文字内容体现着、书者的思想、意识、价值观念、思维方式、审美情趣等等,展示出蕴含着经济、政治、宗教、家族、社会风习等内容的无比丰富的意义世界。
如果说在对书法这种文化现象的考察中,对物态文化层次专注而对制度文化、行为文化在物态文化的体现可能有所忽略的话,那么忽视对书法作品文字内容的考察、认知则是完全不应该的。
文字内容属于书法文化的心态文化层,是体现作品价值的核心部分,丢弃了文字内容而只专注文字的物态形式,这还是一个完整的书法本体吗?(4)如果我们从汉字与书法的关系方面作观察,也会得出同样的结论。
中国书法与汉字密切相关,而汉字同其他文字一样,有形、音、义三要素。
书写者总是为显义而构形,而并非为构形而构形,为书写而书写。
现在的问题是,书法研究者仅着眼书写者的构形和接受者的识形、观形,把书写者显义和接受者会义的目的丢掉了。
这样,研究者把汉字的形分析得头头是道,但抽掉了汉字文化核心内容,也便不能认识汉字及其显示形态的功能价值。
(5)—些论者强调汉字字形独立的审美功能,对形本身的艺术价值扩大、拔高,其基本论据是将汉字与绘画相比符。
这是违背文字的本质规定的。
汉字是一种符号而不是图画,符号是约定的,其形与其表示的义没有必然的。
作为符号显示的汉字字形,其本身的文化意义、审美意义是稀簿的,不确定的。
一个个汉字字形并非一个个独立的审美对象,而且字形方面所显示出的点画(笔法)、结体(字法)、布局(章法)虽然可能显示出某种形式美,但它在一件完整的书法作品中毕竟属于形式,从根本上说都服从于表达内容的需要,并受到这种目的的制约。
那些被称为中国古代书法的各种书迹,都是具有郑重的用途(启功语)的实用性书写,绝不是书写者自由创作的为艺术的艺术。
只用艺术创作规律和艺术发展规律难以讲说这些书迹的产生与变化发展。
1.第段写到著名的学者提出书法是‘艺术’,甚至是‘纯粹艺术’、‘最高艺术’等等,用词越来越极端,其意图是隐含对这种‘‘定义的不赞同,(1分)为下文展开论述做准备。
(1分)(2分)2.根据第段内容,分条写出对书法作品作物态文化层分析应包含的内容。
(3分)汉字结构的科学性、艺术性及书写出来的笔法、字法、章法;(1分)字体得以显示的‘‘物器、材料本身的质地、色调因素;(1分)(3)书体形态与材料形态有机融合中显示出来的美。
(1分)3.第段,也会得出同样的结论中的结论是指丢弃了文字内容(1分)而只专注文字的物态形式(1分),不是一个完整的书法本体。
(1分)(3分)4.上下文,为第第段划线处选择恰当的关联词(A)。
(2分)A.但是尽管B.但是总是C.如果尽管D.如果总是5.反对一些书法研究者强调汉字字形独立的审美功能。
下列各项中,对其原因分析不正确的一项是(D。
汉字字‘‘形的文化意义、审美意义是稀薄的,不确定的,而不是‘‘不具有)(3分)A.汉字是符号,不等同于绘画,不能与图画的审美相比。
B.—件完整的书法作品,才能显示出审美意义。
C.古代书法的各种书迹,都是实用性书写,不是为艺术的艺术。
D.个体汉字的字形,不具有审美意义和独立的文化意义。
6.请举例,谈谈你对书法作品文化意义的认识。
(4分)比如王羲之的书法《兰亭集序》法帖,从文化意义上看,那就不只是对他挥洒自如书法的欣赏,我们还能从书法《兰亭集序》的内容中,感受到的思想与情感,还能从他书写时出现的漏字、改字感受到他的随意和放松的心态(内容近似即可,主要是体现对文化意义的认识)(4分,例子1分,文化意义3分)阅读下文,完成第7—11题。
(21分)文学家之魂【曰本】内山完造(1)倘若以一言来形容鲁迅,我只能说他有着古武士之气概和中国式的血肉之躯,该强硬的时候他绝不妥协。
这与郭沫若的性格稍有不同,我与郭有相当深的交情,他主要偏向于政治,所以浑身上下散发着一种政治家的气质。
而鲁迅则是纯粹彻底的文学家,文章犀利伸展到一切可能的地方,至死都在拼命伸展抵抗。
(2)先生卧病在床的时候,托我找他时任南京宪兵队长的一名学生来见他。
先生说:带他来见我。
那名学生去见了先生,我来看老师了。
学生没说上几句话就回去了。
(3)不久后先生收到从南京来的一封信,信中言辞恳切委婉,大意如下:(4)前几日得见老师,激动欣喜之情不胜言表。
老师现在卧病在床,而针对老师的逮捕令已发出十年,至今未撤,作为您的学生,我的立场也很尴尬,所以一直想撤销对您的逮捕令,可是如果我现在自行撤销的话,只怕日后您会有所不满,所以特询问您的意思。
(5)那天鲁迅先生又晃悠到我家,说道:老板,今天我可遇上了件十分有趣的事情哦。
上次从南京来看我的那家伙居然给我来了封信,言辞恳切委婉至极呀,说是想要撤销对我的逮捕令呢。
我可不同意,所以这就来给那家伙回信了。
好不容易撤销了,那不是很好吗?我问他。
他回答说:我的日子也不长了,突然撤销跟了我十年的逮捕令会让我感到寂寞冷清的,所以信中已说明让那家伙不要撤销对我的逮捕令了。
(6)之后先生的病情愈来愈严重,已到了要选择疗养地进行专门疗养的地步了。
须藤医建议到镰仓疗养,因为东京耳目太多,实在不合适调养身体。
我个人觉得云仙还不错,先生肯定会喜欢,于是就预先把房子租好了。
(7)先生本来预计八月一日动身前往云仙,可从南京来了几个探病的,说他病情有所好,建议他去德国漫游一趟。
(8)后来先生告知我:老板,这次无论如何都不去云仙了,现在那些家伙来让我去德国留学,说为避免蒋的骚扰最好还是去德国。
去云仙的话我就成了一个逃兵,也就意味着我输了,所以我是无论如何也不去了。
先生决心已定,只要是他说不的事情就绝对没有回旋的余地,虽然略显顽固,但也有一定的好处。
(9)每次说到先生的事,先生总是眉飞色舞,饶有兴致,仿佛那些事情已经根深蒂固了一般,而《》一文现已收入岩波文库的翻译集里。
据说先生在北平的时候,书桌前挂有藤野先生的照片,每天在这张照片面前学习,当困意来袭想偷懒的时候看到这张照片就又奋发起来继续学习。
每次谈到翻译的事情时他定会强调要把《口先生》一文译出来。
对于在日本的诸多事情,赞成的赞成,反对的反对,他从来都是态度分明,可是对于藤野先生,总是毫无条件地一并说好,报以百分百的敬幕之情。
对于中国,特别是中国人,他总是毫无掩饰地加以揭露和批判。
我在《活中国的姿态》这本漫谈书中写到中国的优点,可对此先生却批评道:老板,这可不行啊。
过度的夸奖会让孩子们得意忘形的。
书总要起点教育作用,所以还是得从头彻尾地多加批评才是。
我回答说:可是,这确确实实是中国人的一个优点啊。
先生遂又回道:要是我就不会这么写,但因为是老板写的,我也不多说什么了,要换成我,是断然不会这么写的。
语气依然强硬,坚决批判中国人的缺点。
(11)中国人普遍不喜欢《》,因为该书描写了中国全体国民的姿态,大家都觉得这是在写我。
而主人公的性格是中国全体国民性格的缩影,由于该书毫不留余地地加以揭露和描写,以至于有些人看完后要起来抗议。
(12)但是先生并不是为了揭露而揭露,实际上他真的在担心着中国的命运,记得他临终前说过这样的话:中国的未来如同阿拉伯沙漠,国内由于战争在不断地沙漠化,而国外又在不断地加速扩大沙漠化,两个方向都在不断地沙漠化。
如果照这样下去的话,中国的四万万民众将被逼到饥饿的战线上,到这时,就不仅仅是中国的不幸了,而是中国全体国民的不幸了。
说出这些话的时候,先生把中国的未来清晰地摆到了自己的眼前,这番话也表明了他的意思,即:中国必须得改变当下的行进方式,这也是对中国的一个全面清晰的剖析。
(摘自《美文》杂志《我的朋友鲁迅》一文)7.请将鲁迅的两篇文章题目填入上文、处,处是《藤野先生》(1分),处是《阿Q正传》(1分)。
(2分)8.全文,谈谈我只能说他有着古武士之气概和中国式的血肉之躯,该强硬的时候他绝不妥协一句的作用。
(4分)内容上,写出了鲁迅有为了理想敢于献身和‘‘不懂变通的执着精神;(1分)对待敌人和国人的缺点,有着彻底的斗争和无情的揭露、批判精神。
(2分)结构上,领起下文,下文的文意皆是对此句的集中表现。
(1分)分析:本题考查考生理解文中重要语句作用的能力。
根据该句在文中的位置,处在全文篇首,主要有总括鲁迅品格形象,和领起下文两方面作用。
题干笼统地提分析句子的作用,基本是从思想内容和结构作用两方面去理解。
9.魂在字典里可泛指人格化精神,鲁迅先生的文学家之魂表现在哪些方面?请全文进行概括。
(5分)爱憎分明。
对敌人极富斗争精神,其抗争坚决彻底,绝不退缩妥协;对友人怀以敬慕之情。
具有批判精神,对国人的缺点总是毫无掩饰地加以揭露和批判,时时不忘教育和鞭策国人。
具有强烈的忧患意识和深沉的爱。
对国家,具有强烈的忧患意识,担心其‘‘沙漠化;对国人,又具有深沉的爱,心怀怜悯之情。
(答对1点2分,2点4分,3点5分)分析:本题考查考生分析主人公人物形象的能力。