低碳经济与技术创新的互动机制研究

污染避难所
Abstract
Global warming has become a proven fact, which not only disturbs the balance and stability of the ecosystem but also seriously threats the normal survival and development of the human. In order to seize the commanding point of this new round of the economic growth, different nations all over the world have lifted the tide of developing low-carbon economy. China is in the key stage of the industrialization and urbanization, on one hand, the sustainable development of the economy and society is faced with the seriously constraints of the shortage of resources and the environmental pollution; on the other hand, China's carbon dioxide emissions has jumped the first place of the world, the voice of adopting mandatory carbon-emissions reduction urged by the international community becomes more and more strong. Under this background, China has clearly put forward the goal of “compared with 2005, the carbon emissions per unit of GDP reduces 40%-45% by 2020 ”, and put this goal into the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan”. In the mode of low carbon economy, through technical innovation to realize economic growth has become a consensus. China‟s low-carbon technological innovation is faced with lots of "bottleneck", such as the lack of long-term incentive mechanism, the weakness of the technological innovation ability and the lack of the innovation consciousness, which seriously restrict the development of low carbon economy. Studying the interactive mechanism of the low carbon economy and technical innovation can provide the technological change path, is the core title of implementing the outlook of the scientific development and building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. Based on the relative theory, this paper constructs the framework for the analysis of the interaction of low-carbon economy and technological innovation. On one hand, it is proved that technological innovation is the internal driving force to promote the development of the low-carbon economy based on a model of low-carbon economic growth with technological innovation, which plays an important role in driving the growth of economics and the change of industrial structure through cost effects, quality effects and structural effects. On the other hand, it is interpreted that the low-carbon economy also promotes the technological innovation for a dynamic perspective, and the following
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摘
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全球气候变暖已经成为一个可以证明的事实， 它不仅扰乱了生态系统的平衡与稳 定，而且严重威胁着人类社会的生存和发展。为了抢占新一轮经济增长的制高点，世 界各国掀起了发展低碳经济的狂潮。 中国正处于工业化和城镇化的关键阶段， 一方面， 经济社会可持续发展面临着资源短缺和环境污染的严重制约，另一方面，中国二氧化 碳排放量已经跃居世界第一位，国际社会要求中国采取强制性碳减排的呼声日渐高 涨。在此背景下，中国政府明确提出“到 2020 年单位 GDP 碳排放比 2005 年减少 40%-45%” ，的目标，并将其作为约束性指标纳入“十二五”规划。 在低碳经济模式下，通过技术创新实现经济增长已经成为学者共识。而中国低碳 技术创新面临着诸多“瓶颈” ，如长效激励机制缺乏、技术创新能力不强以及创新意 识薄弱等，严重制约着低碳经济的发展进程。研究低碳经济与技术创新的互动机制， 能够提供资源环境约束下技术变迁的路径选择，是贯彻落实科学发展观、建设资源节 约型和环境友好型社会的题中之义。 本文基于相关理论，构建了一个低碳经济与技术创新相互作用的分析框架，主要 有两点：一是基于包含技术创新的低碳经济增长模型，说明了技术创新是发展低碳经 济的内驱力。技术创新的内驱力作用主要通过成本效应、品质效应和结构效应，引起 经济增长进而带动经济结构发生变迁。二是发展低碳经济将从动态上推动技术创新， 具体途径有：改变企业技术变迁的路径、改变企业目标约束和产业结构、依靠国家创 新系统。在实证研究中，基于 1997-2009 年中国各省市的面板数据，本文构建了一个 包含低碳经济方程和技术创新方程在内的联立方程组， 综合考察了低碳经济与技术创 新之间的内在关联性。 研究结果表明：在既定的资源环境约束下，低碳经济与技术创新之间存在相互促 进的正向关系， 一定程度上能够实现 “波特假说” 所倡导的环境效益和经济效益的 “双 赢”局面。技术创新是节能减排的内生机制，是发展低碳经济的内驱力。衡量技术创 新水平的研发强度每提高 1%就拉动碳强度降低 53.81%。 发展低碳经济的硬性约束从 动态上推动企业进行低碳技术创新。碳强度每提高 1%就拉动研发强度提高 0.13%。 目前，中国的低碳经济水平与技术创新水平具有明显的区域差异，呈现出一种低效率 的均衡局面。
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密级：公 开 论 文 编 号 ：JJ118222009020101002
硕
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学 位
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低碳经济与技术创新的互动机制研究
作 者 姓 名：王静 指导教师姓名：臧传琴 学 科 专 业：政治经济学 学 习 时 间： 学位授予单位： 山东财经大学
申请学位级别：经济学硕士 职 研 称：副教授 究 方 向：规制经济研究
中图分类号： 学科分类号：
密级：公 开 论文编号：JJ118222009020101002
山 东 财 经 大 学 硕 士 学 位 论 文
低碳经济与技术创新的互动机制研究
作者姓名：王
静
学科专业：政治经济学 指导教师：臧传琴（副教授） 培养院系：经济学院
二○一ive Mechanism of Low-carbon Economy and Technological Innovation
approaches include: changing the path of enterprise technology development, changing the target constraints and the industrial structure and building a national innovation system. In the empirical studies, this paper establishes a simultaneous equation containing the equation of the low-carbon economy and the one of technological innovation to comprehensively discuss the relationship between low-carbon economy and technological innovation by using panel data of provinces and cities in China based on 1997 to 2009. The results show that there is a positive relationship between low-carbon economy and technological innovation in the established resource and environmental constraints. Technological innovation is endogenous mechanisms of energy conservation, the internal driving force for the development of low-carbon economy. As the R&D intensity measuring the level of technological innovation rises every 1%, the carbon intensity will reduce 53.81%. The rigid constraints of the low carbon economy is the fundamental driving force for energy saving. The carbon intensity for every 1% increase will pull R&D intensity increase by 0.13%. At present, there is an obvious regional difference between the carbon economy and technological innovation, which shows a phase of low-efficiency equilibrium. In order to achieve the balanced development of low-carbon economy and technological innovation, there should be reasonable institutional arrangements to develop low-carbon economy; comprehensively promoting the technological innovation, and attaching great importance to R&D investment, taking focus on the combination of low-carbon technology introduction and independent innovation; optimizing the industrial structure, constructing scientific low-carbon industrial system, and improving the market access threshold for high-carbon industries, which are all for the purpose to avoid becoming a "pollution heaven".