princ-ch26-presentation
PreSonus Studio 26c用户指南说明书
Getting Started • Erste Schritte • Cómo empezar • Pour commencer • 开始18011 Grand Bay Ct. • Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70809 USA• 1-225-216-7887®登陆并注册您的序列号。
Studio 26c 所具有的专业功能：高净空、A 类麦克风前置放大器、节拍强劲、24位高清、192 kHz 转换等。
一旦您注册了Studio 26c ，您就可以下载Studio One Artist 的免费副本以及其他插件、内容等。
这是我们送给PreSonus 新客户的礼物。
有关正确操作和安装的更多信息，请查询 上的Studio 系列用户手册。
Getting Started • Erste Schritte • Cómo empezar • Pour commencer • 开始©2019 PreSonus Audio Electronics, Inc. All Rights Reserved. The PreSonus logo is a registered trademark of PreSonus Audio Electronics, Inc. Studio One is a registered trademark of PreSonus Software, Ltd. All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.Headphone level control Control para nivel de audífonos Regler für KopfhörerpegelCommande de niveau casque 耳机电平控制Salidas de auriculares Kopfhörerausgänge Sorties casque 耳机输出Medidores de salida principal Izquierda/DerechaAusgangspegelanzeige Main Left/RightE/S MIDI MIDI I/O Entrée/sortie MIDI 乐器数字接口(MIDI)I/O4 salidas balanceadas de línea TRS 4 symmetrische TRS-Line-Ausgänge4 sorties ligne symétriques sur jack 3 points (TRS)4个平衡TRS 线路输出。
c vp的测量流程
c vp的测量流程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copy excerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!CVP（中心静脉压）是指上、下腔静脉进入右心房处的压力，通过上、下腔静脉或右心房内置管测得，它反映右房压，是临床观察血液动力学的主要指标之一。
艾普西龙Clarity Control Hitachi LaChrom Elite HPLC说明书
Clarity Control Hitachi LaChromUser can easily and directly set all the parameters of the LC system from his or her computer. All these parameters are collected in the instrument method displayed on the corresponding tab of the Method Setup dialog –gradient parametres on the LC gradient tab, sampler parameters on the AS tab, detector data on the Acquisition tab and so on. The LC method gives complete control over the pumps, detectors, valves, time events and autosampler. The applied method will be stored in the chromatogram file and can be displayed or printed at any time.The Device Monitor and Data Acquisition windows allow for the online monitoring of the analysis, the entire HPLC configuration can be reviewed or edited in the System Configuration dialog.The LC Control is an optional software module for Clarity Chromatography Software. An optional AS Control module is also available for Hitachi LaChrom series autosamplers, both thermostated and without thermostat.Clarity Chromatography Software is designed to acquire and evaluate data from up to four multi-detector chromatographs at one time (four independent time bases). It is fully sufficient to have only one LC control module / AS module purchased to measure on the Clarity with two or more Hitachi LaChrom Elite Instruments.For more information, contact ******************** or download the Hitachi LaChrom Elite manual from our website, .SpecificationControlled devices: T he LC control module is compatible with selected components of Hitachi LaChrom Elite system. A detailed list is available at Communication interface: USB Data acquisition interface: Digital Data Acquisition uses the same interface as the communication. Analog acquisition via DataApex A/D converter may also be used.Supported parts: H PLC pumps, detectors, autosamplers, column oven, valves, etc. A detailed list with specific types can be found at Related products: Clarity - (p/n C50)Purchasing: LC Control - (p/n A24) AS Control - (p/n A26) - optional Accessories: USB Cable (p/n SK06). See the Hitachi LaChrom Elite Control Module manual for more details.。
朗克邦玛26RK26RK产品说明书
26RK
UVW: 7,096 lb. EXTERIOR ,691 lb. EXTERIOR LENGTH: 34’ 2”
28RB
UVW: 7,558 lb. EXTERIOR LENGTH: 36’ 2”
31ML
26RK
26RK
28BH
CONNECT WITH US
32MS 34BH
26BH
34BH
COUPLES’ COACHES
UVW: 4,730 lb. EXTERIOR LENGTH: 21’ 11”
18RB
UVW: 5,888 lb. EXTERIOR LENGTH: 29’ 2”
25RK
UVW: 6,664 lb. EXTERIOR LENGTH: 33’ 6”
View the online manual at https:///Owners/Interactive-Manuals or download our FREE app from the App Store or Google Play!
All information contained in this brochure is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, during the model year, it may be necessary to make revisions and Forest River, Inc., reserves the right to make all such changes without notice, including prices, colors, materials, equipment and specifications as well as the addition of new models and the discontinuance of models shown in this brochure. Therefore, please consult with your Forest River, Inc., dealer and confirm the existence of any materials, design or specifications that are material to your purchase decision.
Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy
For fluorophore
r 0.4,
20040200
P 0.5
I I11,
r P0
XMUPFS01-ITF02
Polarization and anisotropy
荧光偏振与荧光各向异性可通过以下公式相互转换：
3r P 2r
2P r 3 P
当体系中存在多种荧光体时，所测得的荧光各向异性是各 种荧光体荧光各向异性的平均值：
Three dimension spectra
ex / nm
em / nm
引自林竹光 等人的论文
20040200
XMUPFS01-ITF02
1.5.5 Fluorescence lifetime
Definition Lifetime for Single molecule: the time the molecule spends in the excited state prior to return to the ground state. Average lifetime: the average time the molecule spends in the excited state prior to return to the ground state.
20040200
XMUPFS01-ITF02
Definition
polarization z x
激发偏振器
I II I P I II I
y I I
发射偏振器
anisotropy
检测器
I II I r I II 2 I
I 0, r P 1.0
Excitation and emission spectra
美国PRINCO料位计
美国PRINCO料位计、PRINCO射频导纳料位开关、PRINCO 射频导纳物位控制器、PRINCO料位开关、PRINCO液位计、PRINCO料位计、PRINCO 控制器、PRINCO 料位开关、PRINCO料位计等全系列产品，品质保证，品种齐全，欢迎前来咨询和采购！PRINCO产品可分为L3541射频导纳料位开关、PRINCO 射频导纳物位控制器、L3541料位开关、PRINCO 料位计、L3541料位计、L3541射频导纳料位开关、PRINCO 射频导纳物位控制器、L3541料位开关、PRINCO 料位计、L3541料位计。
工作原理：工作原理是基于射频(RF)电容技术。
将一个无线电频率施加在探头上，通过连续的分析，确定由周围环境造成的影响。
因所有材料均具有介电常数，而且其导电率都不同于空气，当探头与材料接触时由于微小电容量偏移所反映的总阻抗发生变化。
因为通电的探头和容器壁构成电容器的二块极板，探头的绝缘体和周围空气成为介电材料，当空气(其介电常数为1.0)被任何其它材料(介电常数>1)置换时，电容效应得以加强。
从而改变了应用场合的阻抗。
即电容值的变化造成了阻抗的变化。
这一影响被电路测量后，再与由灵敏度设置(电路)建立的参考基准相比较。
灵敏度正确设置会影响传感器输出正确变化。
探头的抗粘附电路可以使测量电路对探头上堆积的物料忽略不计，否则它会引起灵敏度的故障。
抗粘附电路用与加到传感探头同样的无线电频率电位激励。
由于电流不能在相同的电位下流动，抗粘附电路就隔断了通常从通电的探头经过堆积的物料到容器壁的电流流动。
这样测量到的是通电探头周围的物料，而不是堆积的物料。
仪表特点：1.通用性强：可应用于各种导电和非导电介质的测量，例如液体、粘稠物、颗粒、粉末、飞灰。
2.可抗粘附：采用专利的抗粘附电路，可以消除因物料粘附而产生的虚假信号。
3.探头可拆：电子线路与探头之间没有电缆连接，随时可以将电子线路拆除更换维修，不影响进出物料。
Pringle Type CBC 切换器安装、运行与维护说明书
Eaton Corporation 1000 Cherrington Pkwy Moon Township, PA 15108-4312 United States Tel: 877-ETN-CARE
© 2008 Eaton Corporation All Rights Reserved Printed in USA Publication No. IL00808003E December 2008
4. Operate the switch in a test fashion several times to work the lubricant between the contacts.
5. Apply CRC 3-36 (or equivalent) to pivot points and bearings of dead front mechanism.
Installation, Operating & Maintenance
Instructions for Pringle Type CBC Switches
Instruction Sheet G
December 2008
WARNING
Do not attempt to install switches or perform maintenance on equipment while it is energized. Failure to following this warning could lead to death or severe injury. Always verify that no voltage is present on all switch terminals prior to servicing. While energized, an arc flash and shock hazard exists. Consult NFPA 70E and OSHA guidelines for operator safety prior to servicing equipment.
Drouhin Chablis Vaillons Premier Cru 2020 产品说明书
CHABLIS VAILLONSPREMIER CRU 2020100% ChardonnayAlthough I’ve said it before, it’s worth repeating:Drouhin is one of the top producers in Chablis.- Vineyard Site:Very close to the village of Chablis, on the south west side.It is one of the 17 main Premiers Crus due to its excellentexposure and kimmeridge soil concentration, giving it theeasily recognizable character of Chablis.Soil:• The Kimmeridgian limestone contains millions of tinymarine fossils embedded in a kind of whitish mortarwhich may have been once the bottom of the sea...hundreds of million years ago. This marine origin gives the wines of Chablis their unique flavour.• Drouhin estate: 2.1 ha. (5.25 acres). Average age of the vines: 30 years.Viticulture:• Biological cultivation since 1990 and biodynamic cultivation since 1999.• Soil maintenance: age-old methods. Ploughing: “buttage” (hilling up around the vine-stocks) in autumn; “débuttage” (ploughing back in spring); work between the rows and the vine stocks done with manual tools only.• Treatment: only authorized products for biological cultivation are used - infusions and macerations of plant materials, sulfur and copper, powdered rock. Natural predators are not eliminated.• Plantation density: 8,000 to 10,000 stocks/ha.• Pruning: double Guyot “Vallée de la Marne” (for its resistance to frost).• Average yield at the Domaine: 56.82hl/ha (the yield currently authorized is now 58hl/ha). Vinification:• Harvesting: by hand.• Pressing: very slow so as to respect the fruit. Juices from the last pressings are not retained. Ageing: Type: In stainless steel tank Length: 7-8 months.Tasting note by Véronique Boss-Drouhin: “A dry and brisk wine, typical of Chablis. Brilliant yellow-green colour with green reflections. On the nose mineral and complex aromas are reminiscent of lemon and white flower, together with vegetal hints such as asparagus or artichoke and marine notes. On the palate, the first impression is clear-cut and sharp. Long on the aftertaste, with fruity as well as mineral flavours;becomes slightly honey-scented when the wine is more evolved”.2020 Vintage: The 2020 vintage is marked by its precocity, with harvests starting in August.Chablis wines offer a beautiful balance and are characterized by their freshness.Serving Temperature: 53°F. Cellaring: 3 to 8 years.Vinous - 91 PointsThe 2020 Chablis Les Vaillons 1er Cru is a lucid silvery hue. The nose is welldefined, perhaps showing more tension and vivacity compared to the Montéede Tonnerre. The palate demonstrates decent weight and offers GoldenDelicious apple, yellow plum and light white peach notes toward the finish.I envisage this aging nicely in bottle, though it will be difficult to resist in its youth.-- Neal Martin Drink: 2023 – 2036。
First-principles study of the structural, vibrational, phonon and thermodynamic
1. Introduction Ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) with melting temperatures in excess of 3000 K are usually composed by the refractory borides, carbides and nitrides of early transition metals [1–7]. Among the UHTCs, transition metal carbides (TMC) such as TiC, ZrC and HfC are metallic compounds with unique physical and chemical properties including an extremely high melting point and hardness, chemical stability, corrosion resistance combined with metallic electrical and thermal conductivities [5–10]. These features give transition metal carbides the capability to withstand high temperatures in oxidizing environments, making them candidates for applications in the atmosphere of extreme thermal and chemical environments [6,7]. The structural, vibrational, phonon and thermodynamic properties of IVb group transition metal carbides have been investigated experimentally [10–17] and theoretically [13,18–28] in the earlier reports. In the 1970s, the phonon dispersion relations of TiC, ZrC and HfC were measured using inelastic neutron scattering by Pintschovius et al. [10] and Smith et al. [15–17]. Lattice dynamics calculation and the phonon dispersion relations of transition metal carbides such as ZrC and HfC were reported using a phenomenological ‘‘double-shell’’ model theory [18] where long-range interatomic interactions were taken into account in order to get a
H-26H 压力开关产品说明书
diaphragm
and O-ring
-T
30 PTFE
diaphragm
and O-ring
-SS
120 SS diaphragm
(psi units to
60 psid only)
ACCESSORY
MODEL NO. PRICE DESCRIPTION
EE-2584
$230 Reference Book: Process Plant Instrumentation
+HDWHUV
Band Heaters, Cartridge Heaters, Circulation Heaters, Comfort Heaters, Controllers, Meters and Switching Devices, Flexible Heaters, General Test and Measurement Instruments, Heater Hook-up Wire, Heating Cable Systems, Immersion Heaters, Process Air and Duct, Heaters, Radiant Heaters, Strip Heaters, Tubular Heaters
5 to 54 500 psi 2000 psi 10 A SPDT
PSW-357 465 30 to 200 psid 18 to 180 1000 psi 4000 psi 10 A SPDT
PSW-358 465 60 to 400 psid 45 to 360 1000 psi 8000 psi Dual Setpoint, Fixed Deadband, Buna-N Diaphragm, O-Ring, 1⁄4 NPTF PSW-361 $450 5 to 30 inH2O 0.7 to 1.4 5.4 psi 21.6 psi PSW-362 450 9 to 60 inH2O 0.7 to 2.0 5.4 psi 21.6 psi PSW-363 450 15 to 100 inH2O 1.4 to 2.8 5.4 psi 21.6 psi PSW-364 450 23 to 150 inH2O 2.4 to 4.2 5.4 psi 21.6 psi PSW-365 489 5 to 30 psid 1.0 to 2.1 500 psi 2000 psi
伯奇柏（Birchwood Lighting）产品说明书
Birchwood Lighting • 2911 Dow Avenue • Tustin, CA 92780 • 714.550.7118 fax 714.550.7151102Note:To be installed by a qualified electrician per N.E.C. and all local codes.(CHL-CSS-DR SHOWN)STND - 5“ CANOPY CR - CONTINUOUS RUN(Disk connection only)1/4 - 20 STUD BY OTHERS 1/4 - 20 SIDE EXIT GRIPPER1/4 - 20 STUD BY OTHERS 1/4 - 20 SIDE EXIT GRIPPERJ-BOX BY OTHERSPOWER FEEDSO CORDSTARTER FIXTURE END FIXTURE 1. See appropriate Stand Alone or Continuous Run Matrix for correct J-Box (by others) spacing.2. Secure bracket bar to mud ring or in the case of “NC” option mount ¼-20 stud to structure and install cable gripper.3. Cut cables to desired length – be careful not to fray cable ends4. Insert cable into gripper ends and adjust to desired length5. Insert AWM cord through canopy and secure with provided strain relief -For NC option, AWM cord needs to be run into a jbox(provided by others) and wires made up inside.6. Complete wire make-up7. Install canopy with canopy mounting couplerCSS Cable SuspensionContinuous Run Info1. Install starter fixture (aircraft cable & power feed) following 1-6 above.2. Remove lens and liner of adjacent fixture3. Install next fixtures aircraft cable and slide open end of fixture (side without an end cap cable setup) into starter fixture’s end cap and guide pins.4. Secure with supplied screws through pinch bracket (Note: the internal “L” bracket should be set back 1/16” from the edge of the fixture – they can be adjusted if necessary)5. Ensure fixtures are level and securely tightened to each other to avoid potential light leak between housing.6. Thru wire with appropriate gauge wire if integral ballast/driver. All pre-installed thru wire QCS quick connects (if applicable) are rated for max. 9 amps. Do not exceed this rating.7. Continue installation for all other fixtures in the row, by repeating 2-7.8. Replace all liners, install lamps (if fluorescent), and install all lenses. Ensure all connections are secure.*See Continuous Run Matrix for run, cable spacing and lamping info820-00071V-0117。
Pepperl+Fuchs PXV100S-F200-SSI-V19 光学读头说明书
1R e l e a s e d a t e : 2019-02-04 15:39D a t e o f i s s u e : 2019-02-04293431-100002_e n g .x mlGermany: +49 621 776 4411Pepperl+Fuchs Group Refer to “General Notes Relating to Pepperl+Fuchs Product Information”.USA: +1 330 486 0001Singapore: +65 6779 9091 ************************.com************************.com************************.com0 02Germany: +49 621 776 4411Pepperl+Fuchs Group Refer to “General Notes Relating to Pepperl+Fuchs Product Information”.USA: +1 330 486 0001Singapore: +65 6779 9091 ************************.com************************.com************************.com3R e l e a s e d a t e : 2019-02-04 15:39D a t e o f i s s u e : 2019-02-04293431-100002_e n g .x mlGermany: +49 621 776 4411Pepperl+Fuchs Group Refer to “General Notes Relating to Pepperl+Fuchs Product Information”.USA: +1 330 486 0001Singapore: +65 6779 9091 ************************.com************************.com************************.com reader is not operated outside of its depth of focus range.All readers can be adapted to optimally meet specific requirements through parameterization.Indicators and Operating ElementsThe reader is equipped with seven indicator LEDs for carrying out visual function checks and quick diagnostics.The reader is equipped with two buttons at the back for activating the alignment aid and parameterization mode.LEDs Data LogPosition data encoded in XP0 ... XP21 (MSB first)Meaning of status bits Error codes External ParameterizationTo parameterize the device externally, the parameterization code is required in the form of a Data Matrix contai-ning the desired reader parameters. Data Matrix code cards detailing the step-by-step process for externally pa-rameterizing the device are printed in the operating instructions for the reader.The reader can be parameterized only within ten minutes of being switched on. If a key is pressed after ten minutes of the device being switched on, a visual signal is given by the LEDs (LED1, yellow/LED2, red/LED3, yellow/LED4,yellow/LED5, yellow, flashing for two seconds).•The switchover from normal mode to parameterization mode is made by pressing button 2 on the back of the reader. To switch the device over, button 2 must be pressed and held for more than two seconds. LED3then flashes.Note: Parameterization mode is exited automatically if the device is inactive for one minute. In this case, the reader reverts to normal mode and operates without the settings having been changed.•Place the parameterization code in the field of vision of the camera module. After the parameterization code is detected, the green LED2 lights up for one second. In the event of an invalid parameterization code, LED2lights up red for two seconds.•Briefly pressing button 2 will end parameterization mode and the changed parameters are saved in the non-volatile memory of the reader.Alignment Aid for the Y and Z CoordinatesThe activation of the alignment aid is possible only within ten minutes of switching on the reader. The switchover from normal mode to "Alignment aid" mode is performed via button 1 on the back of the reader.•Press the button 1 for longer than two seconds. LED2 flashes green for a recognized code tape. LED2 flash-es red for an unrecognized code tape.•Z coordinate: If the distance of the camera to the code tape is too small, the yellow LED5 lights up. If the distance is too great, the yellow LED5 goes out. Within the target range, the yellow LED5 and the green LED2 flash synchronously.•Y coordinate: If the optical axis of the camera is too low relative to the middle of the code tape, the yellow LED4 lights up. If the optical axis is too high, the yellow LED4 goes out. Within the target range, the yellow LED4 and the green LED2 flash synchronously.•Briefly pressing button 1 ends the alignment aid, and the reader switches to normal mode.LED Color Label Meaning1Y ellow COMCommunication active to USB interface 2Green/red PWR/ADJERR/NO CODE Code detected/not detected, error 3Y ellow SSI DAT A/CONFIG Data flow to SSI interface/configuration 4Y ellow OUT2/ADJ Y Output 2, alignment aid Y 5Y ellow OUT3/ADJ Z Output 3, alignment aid Z 6, 7Red/green/yel-lowINTERNAL DIAGNOSTICInternal diagnostics12345678910111213141516DataXP21XP20XP19XP18XP17XP16XP15XP14XP13XP12XP11XP10XP9XP 8XP7XP6MSB 171819202122232425DataXP5XP4XP3XP2XP1XP0OutWrn Err MSBLSBStatus bitsOut Err Wrn Meaning X X 1ReservedX 1X Error, error code in XP0 ... XP211XXNo position codes in the reading window (XP0 ... XP21 = 0)Error codeMeaning1Reader aligned incorrectly (rotated 180°)2Position error: Position codes in the reading window are not unique >1000Internal fault。
PKH26说明书(中文)
PKH26 红色荧光细胞连接试剂盒（普通细胞膜标记）产品编号：MINI26，MIDE26和PKH26GL室温保存TECHNICAL BULLETIN产品说明PKH26荧光细胞连接试剂盒采用拥有专利的膜标记技术，能够将带有较长脂质尾巴的黄色-橙色荧光染料（PKH26）结合到细胞膜脂质区域上。
试剂盒中提供染色过程中所需的溶剂（稀释液C），该溶剂可以可以在染色过程中，增加染料溶解度和染色效率，同时维持细胞活力。
稀释液C与哺乳动物细胞等渗，且不含去垢剂或有机溶剂，也不含生理盐水和缓冲盐。
根据细胞类型及标记后细胞膜内在的变化，标记后的细胞表面会由均一透亮变得有点状凸起或补丁状。
但在生理范围内，PKH26荧光不受pH的影响，每个细胞的荧光强度与染料标记位置无关。
PKH26荧光在黄色-橙色区域（图一），可用来标记追踪体内外多种细胞。
在细胞毒性分析，荧光蛋白、抗体或DNA染料在该区域发出的紫色、绿色、红色和远红外等，不会与PKH26产生干扰。
PKH26最常被用于基于染料稀释增殖的分析的染料稀释应用，包括建立抗原特异性前体frequecies和正常或肿瘤组织中静止或缓慢干细胞或祖细胞的鉴定。
同时PKH26也可用于监测外来病毒、血小板和其他纳米颗粒的摄入；干细胞分裂过程中膜的分配；细胞-细胞之间膜的转移；细胞吞噬作用；抗原呈递；粘附；通过间隙连接的信号传递；以及组织切片中的神经元迁移。
由于其荧光稳定性较强，PKH26被用于体内细胞追踪研究，特别是在标记的细胞的研究周期超过一周时。
图1. PKH26激发和发射光谱1×10-3M （溶于乙醇）MINI26试剂盒推荐用于小的或初步试验研究，PKH26GL用于体内实验研究所需设备和试剂（试剂盒未提供）·充分分散的单个悬浮细胞·含血清的组织培养基（完全培养基）·无Ca2+，Mg2+和血清的培养基或者缓冲盐（如Dulbecco’s PBS或Hank’s BSS）·血清，白蛋白或其它组织兼容性蛋白·离心管（4-15mL）·温控离心机（1,000×g）·荧光分析设备（荧光读板机，荧光或共聚焦显微镜，流式细胞仪）·层流罩·血球计数板或细胞计数器·载玻片和盖玻片注意事项和免责说明该产品仅用于科研，不用于制药、家庭或其它用途。
海利普C系列英文说明书
Contents1. Introduction (1)1.1 Confirmations upon delivery (3)1.2 Nameplate information (4)2. Safety Precautions (5)2.1 Before delivery of curren t (5)2.2 In delivery of current (7)2.3 In running (7)3. Inverter standard specifications (8)3.1 Individual specifications (8)3.2 Common specifications (9)4. Storage & Installation (11)4.1 Storage (11)4.2 Location (11)4.3 Position (11)5. Wiring (12)5.1 Main circuit schematic diagram (13)5.2 Terminals (13)5.3 Standard Connection Diagram (14)5.4 Wiring Precautions (15)6. Using the digital operator (19)6.1 Explanations of the digital operator (19)6.2 Display data (19)6.3 Instructions of the digital operator (20)-1-7. Trial Operation (21)7.1 Inspection before operation (21)7.2 Trial operation procedures (22)8. Function List (22)9. Explanations of the functions (30)10. Maintenance, Inspection & Troubleshooting (85)10.1 Precautions about maintenance and inspection (85)10.2 Regular Inspection items (86)10.3 Error information and its troubleshooting (89)10.4 Error and its analysis (90)11. Peripheral devices and specifications of options (90)11.1 Peripheral devices (91)11.2 Proper specifications of options (92)12. Appendices (93)12.1 Application demonstrations (94)12.2 Mounting Dimensions of Inverters (94)12.3 Record and feedback from users (103)Specifications are subject to change without notice for ongoing modifications and improvements.-2-1.IntroductionThank you for purchasing our high quality HLP-C series inverters.HLP-C series frequency conversion governor is developed on the basis of HLP-A series frequency converter,It has kept the main function of A series, increased by some functions according to the request of customer at the same time , have reduced the volume of the machine,So the C series machine has lower volume , the characteristic of stronger function. Before install idiom and operation please read these instructions in this manual thoroughly. For your safety, the product should only be installed, tested and adjusted by professional personnel. If you have any questions or problems, please contact our local agency.High frequency device electric electronic product, for security of you , be sure to install , debugged and changed the parameter by specialized electrical engineering person. Dangerous in this manual, the symbol of noticing etc. reminds your safe precaution item while carrying , installing , operating , checking the frequency converter, please cooperate, make the frequency converter use safer, if there is doubt, the agent who please get in touch with all parts of our company consults, our professional personnel are glad to serve you.The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.~WARNING Indicates precautions that, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury to personnel.-1-！CAUTION Indicates precautions that, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury to personnel and damage to equipment.~WARNING●Always turn off the input power supply before wiring.●Do not touch any inner part of the inverter when the change lamp is still on shortly after the AC power is cut off.●Do not check signals while the inverter is running.●Do not attempt to modify or alter the inverter by yourself, doing so can result in electrical shock or injuryor even explosion.●Be sure to ground the E terminal.！CAUTION●Do not perform voltage withstand tests on the inverter. ●Never connect the AC main circuit power supply to output terminals U.V and W.●A CMOS IC is used in the control board. Handle the control board and CMOS IC carefully. The CMOS IC can be destroyed by static electricity if touched directly.●Installation, testing and maintenance must be performed by professional personnel.●The inverter should be discarded as industrial waste. Avoid burning.-2-1.1 ReceivingBefore unpacking please check the following:●Inspect the entire exterior of the inverter to see there are any scratches or other damage resulting from shipping.●Check if there is inverter and an operation manual in the package as soon as you open the package.●Check the mode on the nameplate on the side of the inverter to see if this is the right model you want.●Check if there is something wrong on the inner parts, wiring and circuit board.●Use a screwdriver to other tools to check for tightness.●Check if there is any other thing in the machine.●Check if the operator buttons are all right.●Check if the optional device you ordered is contained in it.●Check if there is a certificate of qualification and a warranty card.1.2 Nameplate informationMODEL：HLPC01D543AINPUT：3PH380V50/60HzOUTPUT：3PH380V4.0A1.5KWFreq-Range：0.1-400HZHAILI ELECTRONICS., INC-3-MODEL2.Safety precautions2.1 Before delivery of current！CAUTION●Check to be sure that the voltage of the main circuit AC power supply matches the rated voltage of the inverter.！CAUTION● E symbol is the ground terminal. Be sure to ground the ground terminal. E can't connect Line zero.●Do not connect electromagnetic switches or contactors to the output circuits.-4-~WARNING●R.S.T terminals are power input terminals, never mixed with U.V.W terminals. Be sure that the wiring of the main circuit is correct.！CAUTION●Always hold the case when carrying the inverter. If the inverter is held by the front cover, the main body of the inverter may fall,possibly resulting in injury.●Mount the inverter to a metal or other noncombustible material.●Install the inverter in a safe site, avoid high temperature, direct sunlight, humid air or water.●Keep the inverter from the reach of children ornon-workers.●Install a cooling fan or other cooling device when installing more than one inverters in the same enclosure so that the temperature of the air entering the inverter is below 40℃.●Check to be sure that the front cover is attached before turning on the power supply. Do not remove the front cover during operation.●Do not install the inverter in a space with explosive gas.●If the inverter is used at or above 1000m above seal level, the cooling efficiency will be worse, so please ran it2.2 In delivery of current-6-~WARNING●Do not remove connectors on the inverter when in delivery of current.●Always have the protective cover in place before delivery of current to avoid electrical shock.2.3 In running~WARNING●Never add or remove motor group while in running, or surge current it created will cause damage to the inverter, even the burning-up of the main circuit.●Never remove the front cover of the inverter while in running.●Do not come close to the machine when the fault restart function is used. If the alarmed is cleared, the machine may start moving suddenly.！CAUTION●Do not touch the heat sink, braking resistor, or Braking Resistor Unit. These can become very hot.●Be sure that the motor and machine is within the applicable ranges before starting operation.●Do not check the signals while the inverter is running.●Be careful when changing inverter settings. The inverter has been setter to suitable for gender using in factory.●Do consider the noise, vibration, and the speed limit ofthe motor and the mechanical devices when the inverter is running at or above the frequency of 50Hz.3. Standard Specifications3.1 Individual SpecificationsMODEL Input Voltage Power(KW)DriverCapacity(KV A)OutputCurrent(A)SuitableMotor(KW)HLPC0D7543A 3ø380V 50/60Hz0.75 2.2 2.7 0.75 HLPC01D543A 3ø380V 50/60Hz 1.5 3.2 4.0 1.5 HLPC02D243A 3ø380V 50/60Hz 2.2 4.0 5.0 2.2 HLPC00D43A 220V 50/60Hz 0.4 1.0 2.5 0.4 HLPC0D7523A 220V 50/60Hz 0.75 2.0 5.0 0.75 HLPC01D523A 220V 50/60Hz 1.5 2.8 7.0 1.5 HLPC02D223A 220V 50/60Hz 2.2 4.0 10 2.23.2 Common Specifications-8-ITEM HLP-C Control Method SPWMInput Power Supply 400V series：345~440V；230V series：170~230VFrequency Range 0.1~400.0HzFrequency Accuracy Digital：0.01%（-10~40℃）；Analog：0.1% （25±10℃）Frequency Setting Resolution Digital：0.01Hz；Analog：1‰of Max Operating FrequencyOutput Resolution 0.1HzOperator Setting Method Press∧or ∨to set Analog Setting Method 0-5V/0-10V，4-20mA/0-20mAFrequency ControlOther functions Frequency lower limit, starting frequency, stopping frequency, three skip frequencies can be individually set and so on.Acceleration/Decelerationtime 0.1-6500s four selectable combinations of independent acceleration and deceleration settings.V/F Curve Set V/F curve at will. General ControlTorque ControlMax Torque 10.0% Max Output V oltage. The starting torque can reach 150% at 1.0Hz-9-Multi-function inputterminals 6 multifunction impute terminals for 8 mute-speed, easy PLC, 4 Accel/Decel time, UP/DOWN command, external emergency stop.Multi-function outputterminals 2 multifunction output terminals for the displaying and warning of on running, zero speed, counting and external fault information.General ControOther functions A VR, Declaring stop or self-stop, DC brake, auto restart tracking, easy PLC auto energy-saving, adjustable carrier Frequency (Mac 16KHz) etc.Digital operator monitor Frequency command, output frequency, speed output current, output voltage. P-N bus voltage and rotation direction.Communication Control RS485Operating Temp -10~40℃Humidity 0-95%relative humidityVibration 0-95%relative humidity-10-Over V oltage 230V series: DC bus exceeds 400V, 400V series: DC bus exceeds 800V.Under V oltage 23V series: DC bus voltage drop 200V, 400V series: DC bus voltage drop 400V.Stop starting again in wink Can frequency follow way start and then after parking winkThe stall preventing Add / moderate while operating the stall is preventedThe output end shorts out The electronic circuit protecting Protection FunctioOther functionsFin overheated to protect , is it restrain from to overturn, trouble involution , parameter lock etc.4.Storage &Installation4.1 StorageThis product must be stored in its package box before installation. Pay special attention to the followings when in storage.●It must be stored in a dry place without rubbish or dust.●The suitable temperature for storage is between -20℃and +65℃.●The relative humidity required is 0-95%, no condensation.●There is no corrosive gas or liquid.●It’s better to lay the inverter in its original package.-11-4.2 LocationNote: The working conditions of the inverter will affect its service life, please install the inverter under the following conditions.●Ambient operating temperature -10℃to 40℃.●IP rating: IP 20 for all models.●Protected from rain & moisture.●Shielded from direct sunshine.●Free from metallic particles and corrosive gas.●Free from excessive vibration.4.3 Positioning●There must be enough space left around the inverter for easy maintenance and effective veutilation. See Diagram 1.●The inverter must be installed with heat since ribs oriented vertically for effective ventilation.●If there is any instability when installing the inverter, please put a flat board under the inverter bottom base and install again. If the inverter is installed on a loose surface, stress may cause damage in main circuit.●The inverter should be installed on non-combustible materials, such as iron plates.●If several inverters are installed together in one cabinet, please add heat dissipation plates and provide enough space between the inverters.-12-●If several inverters are installed together in one cabinet, please add heat dissipation plates and provide enough space between the inverters. See Diagram 2.5.Wiring5.1 Main circuit schematic diagram-13--14-5.2 Terminals5.2.1 Main Circuit Terminals Arrangement5.2.2 Control circuit terminals arrange mintFA FB FC DRV FOR REV RST SPL SPM SPH GND AM VI AI +1+10V 5.2.3 Function description of main circuit terminals SYMBOLFUNCTION DESCRIPTIONR.S.T Input terminals of AC line power.U.V.W Output terminals to motor.P.Pr External braking resistor terminals.E Ground terminal.-15-5.2.4 Function description of control circuit terminalsSymbol Functions Factory settingFOR Multi-function input1 Forward runREV Multi-function input2 Reverse runRST Multi-function input3 ResetSPH Multi-function input4 High speedSPM Multi-function input5 Medium SpeedSPL Multi-function input6 Low SpeedGND Ground common for inputterminals+10 Power supply for analogfreq+10VVI Analog frequency referenceinput (voltage)0~+10V corresponding tohighest operating frequencyAI Analog frequency referenceinput (current)4~20mA corresponding tohighest operating frequencyDRV Multi-function outputterminal 1Optical couple output DC24V/100mAFA(EFA)、FB(EFB)、FC(EFC) Multi-function outputterminal 3Fault Relay output (N/O orN/C) 3A/250V AC, 3A/30VDCAM Digital frequency outputterminal0-10V-16-5.3 Standard Connection DiagramThe whole wiring is divided into two parts. Main circuit terminal connections and control circuit terminal connections. Users can see the main circuit terminals, and the control circuit terminals after removing the outer cover. The terminals must be connected correctly as the following diagrams.The following diagram shows the standard connection of.-17-5.4 Cautions on Wiring5.4.1 For main circuit wiring●No Fuse Breaker the power supply and the input terminals (R.S.T).(If using ground fault interrupter, please choose the one corresponding to high frequency)●Never connect AC power to the output terminals of U.V.W on the inverter.●Output wires mustn’t be in touch of the metal part of the outer cover, or it will cause earth short-circuit.●Phase-shifting capacitor, LC, RC noise filters, etc, can never be connected between motor and output terminals (U.V.W)●The main circuit wire must be enough far away from other control equipments.●If there is a relatively long distance between the inverter and the motor, please lower the carrier frequency. Because the high leak current will cause damage to the inverter and other equipments.●If the wire is more than 15m for 220V class products (or 30m for 380V class products) between the inverter and the motor, please choose a AC motor special for inverter or add a reactor on the side of the inverter, because a very high dV/dT produced in the motor coil will cause damage to the layer insulation of the motor.Specifications for NFB and Wire-18-Model HLPA00D423A HLPA0D7523AHLPA011D523AHLPA02D223AHLPA0D7543AHLPA011D543AHLPA022D243AWireSize16A 16A 32A 32A 16A 16A 16ACB 2.5mm2 2.5mm2 2.5mm24mm2 2.5mm2 2.5mm2 2.5mm2 Screw M4 M4 M4 M4 M4 M4 M4 Note: The parameters above are only for reference, not a standard.5.4.2 For control circuit wiring (signal line)●Separate control circuit wire from main circuit wire and other high-power lines.●Use twisted-pair or shielded twisted-pair cables for control circuits to prevent operating faults. The size should be0.5-2mm2.●Use the control terminals correctly according to your needs.5.4.3 Grounding●Grounding terminal: E220V class: The third grounding method. (Grounding resistance should be 100Ω or lower.)380V class: Special grounding method. (Earth resistance should be 10Ω or lower.)●Choose grounding wires according to the requirements of the electric equipment.●Avoid sharing grounding wire with other large power equipment. The grounding wire should be kept away from the power supply wires.●The-grounding method for several inverters together should be done as the first and second diagrams. Avoid the third diagram.●The shorter grounding wire is the better it is.-19-（1）Correct （2）Correct （3）Wrong 6. Description of Digital Operator 6.1 Description of Digital Operator-20-6.2 Display statusRed light bright toGreen light on toGreen light on toand transport and rotate straightly While stopping: STOP light is onWhile running: When a: is exported, PUN light is bright, STOP is dark; Light on FWD, overturn on REV when transfering to.runs →Stop,: RUN light is bright, STOP flashes →RUN is dark, STOP is on.is rotating →Overturn,: Bright , flash instead : Flashing, bright instead.when the frequency converter is operated in 0.00HZ, RUN light glimmer, STOP light goes out.inch when moving, RUN light on, STOP glimmers .-21-6.3 Operation Example6.3.1Comments: Show the content-22-1、Output frequency50.0Hz2、Establish frequency50.0Hz3、Output the current2.0A4、Output the voltage220V5、DC540V6、Temperature39℃7、Counter8、PID feedbacking50%9、Rotational speed10、Rotating11、Overturn6.3.2 Direct current pigeonhole , temperature , counter , PID feedback , rotational speed , is it can just show after setting for to need, concrete parameter can see C121 prove.6.3.3 Show the interface content before cutting out while having the electricity6.3.4 Under FOR , REV , CXXX and parameter content state , reply the interfaces , such as frequency , voltage , electric current ,etc. automatically after several seconds.6.3.5 Operating and stopping the state, still originally show interfaces, but the corresponding content will be-23-changed according to the running situation, at the same time the state of the indicator lamp , point out the corresponding state. The fan runs while operating, the fan stops running when shutting down.7.Trial Operation7.1 The important check before running●Is there any wrong connected wires? Pay special attention to the terminals: U.V.W;Make sure the power supply wires are connected to R.S.T not U.V.W.●Is there any metal powder or other wires left on the base plate of the inverter or at the terminals?●Is there any looseness in the parts of screws and terminals?●Is there any short circuit or earth fault in the output parts?7.2 Trial operation proceduresTrial operation can be carried out by the digital operator. Generally, trial operation is done at 5.00 Hz.Procedures Data Display IndicatorPOWER ON↓F000 FOR STOP is onΔ00.00 FOR STOP is on ↓←Δ05.00 FOR STOP is on↓RUN F05.0FOR RUN is onThe fan operates↓STOP F05.0FOR STOP is onThe fan operates -24-Note: The fan runs when temperature is reached within the type while operating, when the frequency converter shuts down, at dropping to 0.00HZ, STOP indicator lamp glimmer, on to stop the taillight from operation frequency8.Function listParameter and Function List (Part 1)Function code FunctionSet range &functionexplanationFactorySettingC000 Main frequency0.0~400.0Hz 0.00C001 Accel. Time0.1~6500S 5.0C002 Decel. Time0.1~65000S 5.0C003 V/F Curve0~16 00C004 Max output voltage0.1~255/510 220/380 C005 Base frequency0.1~400.0 50/60C006 V oltage at mediumfrequency0.1~50 *C007 Medium frequency0.1~20.0Hz *C008 V oltage at lowestfrequency0.1~50 *C009 Lowest frequency0.1~20.0Hz *C010 Max operatingfrequency50.0~400.0 50.00-25-C011 Frequency lower limit0.0~* 0.00 C012 Run control select0~2 0C013 Frequency commandmethod select0~2 0C014 Start mode0~1 0 C015 Stop mode0~1 0 C016 FOR/REV select0~1 0 C017 “STOP” key definition0~1 0 C018 S Curve0~6500S 0 C019 Carrier frequency0~15 09 C020 Starting Frequency 0.1~10 1.5 C021 Stopping Frequency 0.1~10 1.5C022 Inch of frequency ofmoving is established0~400 5.0C023 Inch moving andestablishing withmoderating time0~25 1.0C024 PLC mode select 0~5 0 C025Auto PLC select 0~3 0 C026 PLC running direction 0~255 0C027 PLC Accel. / Decel.Time select 10~255 0C028 PLC Accel. / Decel.Time select 20~255 0C029 Accel. Time 2 0.1~6500S 10.0-26-C030 Decel. Time 2 0.1~6500S 10.0 C031 Accel. Time 3 0.1~6500S 50.0 C032 Decel. Time 3 0.1~6500S 50.0 C033 Accel. Time 4 0.1~6500S 100.0 C034 Decel. Time 4 0.1~6500S 100.0 C035 Multi-speed 2 0.0~400.0Hz 15.0 C036 Multi-speed 3 0.0~400.0Hz 20.0 C037 Multi-speed 4 0.0~400.0Hz 25.0 C038 Multi-speed 5 0.0~400.0Hz 30.0 C039 Multi-speed 6 0.0~400.0Hz 35.0 C040 Multi-speed 7 0.0~400.0Hz 40.0 C041 Multi-speed 8 0.0~400.0Hz 0.50 C042 PLC Timer 1 0.0~6500S 10.0 C043 PLC Timer 2 0.0~6500S 10.0 C044 PLC Timer 3 0.0~6500S 0.0 C045 PLC Timer 4 0.0~6500S 0.0 C046 PLC Timer 5 0.0~6500S 0.0 C047 PLC Timer 6 0.0~6500S 0.0 C048 PLC Timer 7 0.0~6500S 0.0 C049 PLC Timer 8 0.0~6500S 0.0-27-C050 Multi-input FOR 02 C051 Multi-input REV 23 C052 Multi-input RST 10 C053 Multi-input SPH 17 C054Multi-input SPM18 C055 Multi-input SPL00:invalid 01:run 02:forward run 03:reverse run 04:stop05:for/rev run 06:jog 07:forward jog 08:reverse jog 09:external emergency stop 10:reset 12:overheat of motor 16:17:high speed 18:medium speed 19:low speed 20:multi-speed1 21:multi-speed2 22:multi-speed3 23:accel/decel select1 24:accel/decel select2 25:UP function 26:DOWN function 28:high speed count 29:timer 2 switch on 30:timer 1 switch on 31:timer reset 32:timer19-28-C056 Multi-output DRV 01 C057 Multi-output FABC00:invalid 01:run mode 02:fault signal 03:zero speed 04:brake indication 05:up to setting frequency 06:up to desired frequency1 07:up to desired frequency2 08:in accelerating 09:in decelerating 10:inverter overload 11:motor overload 13:under voltage 14:finish indication for single stage 15:finish indication for process 16:counting arrival 27:drafting arrival 28: hold29:pid upper limit alarm 30:fan running 31:reserver 32:braking resistor action 32:braking resistor action02-29-C058 Multi –Analog AM 0~7 0 C059 Analog output gain 0~100 100C060 Up/down functionselect0~1 0C061 Up/down speed 0~1 0C062 Timer 1 0.0~100 00.0 C063 Timer 2 0.0~100.0 00.0 C064 The counter is set up0~9999 0C065 The middle counter isset up0~9999 0C066 Skip Frequency 1 0~* 0.0 C067 Skip Frequency 2 0~* 00.00 C068 Skip Frequency 3 0~* 0.0 C069 Skip Frequency Range 0.0~2.0 0.50C070 UP-to desiredfrequency1 setting0.0~* 00.00C071 UP-to desiredfrequency 2 setting0.0~* 00.00C072 Analog select 0~4 0C073 Lower analogfrequency set point0.0~* 00.00C074 Lower analogfrequency bias select0~1 0C075 Higher analogfrequency set point0.0~* 50.00-30-C076 Higher analog frequency biasselect0~1C077 Negative bias reverse select 0~1 0C078 Analog quantity strains thewave constant0~5020C079 Stall prevention select 0~1 1C080 Stall prevention level duringaccel0~200150C081 Stall prevention level duringrunning0~200000C082 Stall prevention level duringdecel0~200180C083 Over torque detection 0~200 000C084 level Over torque detectiontime0~2001.0C085 Rated voltage * 220/380 C086 Rated current * *C087 Motor poles 0~60 04C088 Rated rotary speed 0~9999 1440C089 The motor has no electriccurrent in year00~10040C090 Transfer to differencecompensation and establish0~1.00.000C091 DC braking level 0.0~20.0 2.0 C092 DC braking time at starting 0.0~25.0 0.0-31-C093 DC braking time at stopping 0.0~25.0 0.0 C094 Speed search time 0.0~20.0 5.0 C095 Speed search current level 0~200 150 C096 Power loss allowable 0~1 0 C097 Allow power cut time0.1~5.0 0.5C098 Number of auto restartattempt00~10 00C099 Auto voltage requl action 0:Invalid1: Effective 1 C100 Auto energy saving 0.0~10.0 2.0C101 Automatic provinceenergy0~10 0.0C102 P 0~1000 100.0 C103 I 0.1~3600 5.0 C104 D 0.01~10 0.00 C105 Target Value 0.0~100 0.0 C106 Target Value 0~1 0 C107 Source PID Upper Limit 0~100 100 C108 PID Lower Limit 0~100 000 C109 Communication identified no 0~250 000 C110 Baud rate of communication 0~3 1 C111 Communication agree meat 0~5 0 C120 Factory setting 0~1 0C121 Display mode select 0~15 000C122 Type * *C123 Specified voltage Press aircraft typesettlement*-32-C124 Specified electriccurrentPress aircraft typesettlement*C125 Countries 0~1 0/1C126 Manufacture Date Annual: Moon: Week *C127 Sequence Number * *C128 Fault cleared 009.Detail Explanations of the FunctionC000 Main frequencySet range:0. 00—400.00Hz Unit:0. 01Hz Factory setting:0. 00In the digital operator method. The inverter will run at the setting value of C000.During running, users can press the ▲or ▼key to change the running frequency. Duringmulti-speed running, the main frequency is the first speed frequency.In the external terminals method. If C013 is set as 1, That is operation frequency is given definitely by the electric potential device. First section of speed is given definitely by the electric potential device or external electric potential device. Concrete conditions can jump by CN1 line choose Max limits Main frequency setting. Operating frequency.C001 Accel. TimeSet range:0.1—6500.0S Unit:0.1S Factory setting:5.0-33-C002 Decel. TimeSet range:0.1—6500.0S Unit:0.1S Factory setting:5.0 Accelerating Time means time needed for inverter frequency from 0Hz to 50Hz(See t1 in the diagram)Decelerating Time means time needed for inverter frequency from 50Hz to 0Hz(See t2 in the diagram)HLP-C Series of inverters have 4 accelerating time and 4 decelerating time. F Accel. time 2.3.4/Decel.time 2.3.4 can be controlled by on/off signal of external input terminals according to actual needs. In the inner-controlledmulti-speed running, Accel/Decel time can be controlled by simple PLC.t1 t2C003 V/F CurveSet range:016 Unit:.1 Factory setting:000：Wanton curve1~16：16 curves are wanton and availableWhen C003 is set as 0,You can write the curve wantonly by yourself.-34-When C003 is set as 1~16,You have 16 curves at your choice.-35--36--37-Use C003 C010 C005 C007 C009 C006 C008 RemarksC o n s t a n t t o r q u e 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 850 50 2.5 1.25 15 9 60 60 3.0 1.5 15 9 60 50 2.5 1.25 15 9 72 60 3.0 1.5 15 9 75 50 2.5 1.25 15 9 90 60 3.0 1.5 15 9 100 50 2.5 1.25 15 9 120 60 3.0 1.5 15 9→ S t a r t h i g h9 10 11 1250 50 2.5 1.25 20 10 60 60 3.0 1.5 20 10 50 50 2.5 1.25 25 15 60 60 3.0 1.25 25 15W i n d m o d e l 13 14 15 1650 50 2.5 1.25 50 8 60 60 3.0 1.5 50 8 50 50 2.5 1.25 100 8 60 60 3.0 1.5 100 8-38-While resuming factory value, acquiescence is 1 or 2 contours, relate to establishing value of C125, seeing C125 provesC004 Max output voltageSet range:0.1—* Unit:0.1V Factory setting:220/380VC005 Base frequencySet range:0.01—400.00Hz Unit:0.1HzFactory setting:50.00C006 Voltage at medium frequencySet range:0.1—500.0V Unit:0.1V Factory setting:15/27.5This parameter can set any medium voltage in the V/F curve. If is it set improperly, it will cause motor over current or deficit torque, or even an inverter tripping.This set value is limited by the Max voltage value.C007 Medium frequency setSet range:0.01—400.0Hz Unit:0.01Hz Factory setting:2.50This parameter can set any medium frequency in the V/F curve. If users set improperly, it will cause motor over current or deficit torque, or even an inverter tripping.This set value is limited by the base frequency.-39-。
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储蓄、投资和金融体系
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储蓄与投资
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= (Y – T – C) + (T – G)
储蓄 储蓄 = 封闭经济中的投资
储蓄、投资和金融体系
6
预算赤字与盈余
预算盈余 = 税收收入大于政府支出的余额 = T–G
� 国民储蓄等于私人储蓄加上公共储蓄 � 在封闭经济中，国民储蓄等于投资。金融体系使
这个等式成为现实
30
内容提要
� 可贷资金的供给来自于储蓄，可贷资金的需求来
自于投资。利率调整使可贷资金市场的供求平衡
� 政府预算赤字代表负的公共储蓄，所以它减少国
民储蓄和可用于为投资筹资的可贷资金供给
� 当预算赤字挤出投资时，它降低了生产率和 GDP
6%
3%
可贷资金 (十亿美元)
60
储蓄、投资和金融体系
80
18
可贷资金市场
可贷资金的需求来自于投资： � 企业借款用于购买新设备或建立新工厂等 � 家庭用抵押贷款购置新房
储蓄、投资和金融体系
19
需求曲线的斜率
利率
利率降低会减少借贷的 成本，增加可贷资金的 需求量
7%
4%
需求
50
储蓄、投资和金融体系
120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1790 1810 1830 1850 1870 1890 1910 1930 1950 1970 1990 2010
28
第二次 世界大 战 独立战争 国内战 争 第一次 世界大 战
结论
� 向其他市场一样， 金融市场也是由供求关系所决定 � 第一章中的经济学十大原理之一：
3
不同类型的储蓄
私人储蓄 = 家庭在支付了税收和消费之后剩下来的收入 =Y–T–C 公共储蓄 = 政府在支付其支出后剩下的税收收入 =T–G
储蓄、投资和金融体系
4
国民储蓄
国民储蓄 = 私人储蓄 + 公共储蓄 = = ( Y – T – C) + (T – G)
Y – C – G
= 在用于消费和政府购买后剩下的一个经济中的总 收入
市场通常是组织经济活动的一种好方法 金融市场使经济中的稀缺资源得到最有效的配置
� 金融市场联系着现在与未来 ：他们将一些现期收入
变为未来的购买力，让贷款者得到为了生产未来的 物品与劳务的资本
储蓄、投资和金融体系
29
内容提要
� 美国金融体系由各种金融机构组成，例如，债券
市场、股票市场、银行和共同基金
� � � �
画出表示最初均衡的图形 当政府有预算赤字时，哪条曲线会发生移动 在图形中画出新的曲线 利率与投资的均衡值会发生什么变化？
24
主动学习 2
参考答案
利率
S2 S1
预算赤字减少了国民储 预算赤字减少了国民储 蓄和可贷资金的供给 蓄和可贷资金的供给
6% 5%
这增加了均衡利率， 这增加了均衡利率， 并减少可贷资金与投 资的均衡数量
CHAPTER
26
经济学原理
N. 格里高利·曼昆
储蓄、投资和金融体 系
Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich
© 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved
本章我们将探索这些问题的答案：
美国政府债务史
� 政府用借款为赤字融资（出售政府债券） � 长期赤字导致政府债务增加 � 债务—GDP比率是衡量相对于政府筹集税收收入
的能力而言，政府负债程度的指标
� 在历史上，债务—GDP比率通常在战争期间上
升，在和平时期下降（直到 1980年代初期）
储蓄、投资和金融体系
27
美国政府债务—GDP比率，1970-2007
成本
储蓄、投资和金融体系
16
可贷资金市场
可贷资金的供给来自于储蓄： � 有额外收入的家庭可以把钱贷出去并获得利息 � 如果公共储蓄大于零，这会增加国民储蓄和可贷 资金的供给 如果公共储蓄小于零，这会减少国民储蓄和可贷 资金的供给
储蓄、投资和金融体系
17
供给曲线斜率
利率 供给
利率上升会鼓励 储蓄，并增加可 贷资金的供给
储蓄、投资和金融体系
13
储蓄与投资的含义
� 投资：新资本的购买 � 投资的例子： � 通用汽车公司投资2.5亿美元在密歇根州的弗林
特建造一个新工厂
� 你为生意上的方便买了一台$5000的电脑 � 你父母花$30万建新房
记住 记住:: 在经济学中 在经济学中,, 购买股票和债券不是投资 购买股票和债券不是投资!!
9
主动学习 1
B.减税如何影响储蓄
� 用前面练习的数据。
现在假定政府减税2千亿美元
� 在下面的两种情形中，公共储蓄，私人储蓄，国
民储蓄和投资会发生怎样的变动
1. 消费者把所有的减税都作为储蓄存起来 2. 消费者把减税的 1/4存起来，花掉另外的 3/4
10
主动学习 1
参考答案：B
在两种情形下，公共储蓄都减少了 2千亿美元，预算 赤字从3千亿美元上升到5千亿美元 1. 如果消费者把所有的2千亿美元都作为储蓄，那 国民储蓄不变，投资也不变 2. 如果消费者存500亿美元并花费1.5千亿美元， 那国民储蓄和投资都会减少 1.5千亿美元
已知: Y = 10.0, C = 6.5, G = 2.0, G – T = 0.3
公共储蓄 = T – G=– 0.3 税收：T = G – 0.3 = 1.7 私人储蓄 = Y – T – C = 10 – 1.7 – 6.5 = 1.8 国民储蓄 = Y – C – G = 10 – 6.5 = 2 = 1.5 投资 = 国民储蓄 = 1.5
的增长
31
政策 3: 政府预算赤字
利率
S2
S1
预算赤字减少国民储蓄 和可贷资金的供给
6% 5%
导致均衡利率上升 并使可贷资金的均衡 数量下降
D1
50 60
储蓄、投资和金融体系
可贷资金 (十亿美元 )
32
= 公共储蓄
预算赤字 = 政府支出引起的税收收入短缺 = G–T
= – (公共储蓄)
储蓄、投资和金融体系
7
主动学习 1
A. 计算
� 假定GDP等于10万亿美元
消费等于6.5万亿美元 政府支出为2万亿美元 预算赤字3千亿美元
� 计算公共储蓄，税收，私人储蓄，国民储蓄和投
资
8
主动学习 1
参考答案：A
储蓄、投资和金融体系
14
可贷资金市场
� 金融体系的供给-需求模型 � 帮助我们理解： � 金融体系如何使储蓄与投资相匹配 � 政府政策和其他因素会如何影响储蓄，投资和
利率
储蓄、投资和金融体系
15
可贷资金市场
假设：只有一个金融市场
� 所有存款者都把钱存在这个市场 � 所有借贷者都从这个市场借贷 � 只有一个利率，这个利率是储蓄的收益和借贷的
D1
50 60
可贷资金 (十亿美元 )
25
预算赤字，挤出与长期经济增长
� 我们的分析：预算赤字的增加导致投资减少。政
府用借款来为它的赤字融资，使可获得的投资资 金减少
� 这叫做挤出 � 复习前一章：投资对长期经济增长很重要。
所以，政府预算赤字降低了经济增长率和未来的 生活水平
储蓄、投资和金融体系
26
80
可贷资金 (十亿美元 )
20
均衡
利率 供给
利率调整使可贷资金 供求平衡
5%
可贷资金的均衡数 量等于均衡投资， 也等于均衡储蓄
需求
60
储蓄、投资和金融体系
可贷资金 (十亿美元 )
21
政策 1: 储蓄激励
利率
S1
S2
储蓄的税收激励增 加了可贷资金的供 给 这导致均衡利率下降 并增加可贷资金的均 衡数量
金的金融机构。 例如：
� 债券市场
债券是一种债务证明书
� 股票市场
股票是企业部分所有权的索取权
储蓄、投资和金融体系
2
金融机构
� 金融中介机构: 储蓄者可以借以间接地向借款者提
供资金的金融机构 例如:
� 银行 � 共同基金 – 向公众出售股份，并用收入来购买
股票与债券资产组合的机构
储蓄、投资和金融体系
11
主动学习 1
C. 问题讨论
这个练习的两种情形是： 1. 消费者把所有的减税都作为储蓄存起来 2. 消费者把减税的1/4存起来，花掉另外的 3/4
� 你认为这两情形中哪一个比较现实？ � 为什么这个问题很重要？
12
储蓄与投资的含义
� 私人储蓄：家庭在支付了税收和消费之后剩下来
的收入
� 家庭如何使用储蓄： � 购买企业债券或股票 � 存进银行 � 购买共同基金的股份 � 让储蓄或支票账户不断增加