2013届高考解答题及附加题模拟训练
2013 浙江 高考 数学(文科)附加答案
选择题部分(共50分)一.选择题:本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.设集合{|2}S x x =>-,T {|41}x x =-≤≤,则S ∩T=A .[4,)-+∞B .(2,)-+∞C .[4,1]-D .(2,1]- 2.已知i 是虚数单位,则(2i)(3i)++=A .55i -B .75i -C .55i +D .75i + 3.若α∈R ,则“α=0”是“sin cos αα<”的A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件 4.设m ,n 是两条不同的直线,α,β是两个不同的平面,A .若m α ,n α ,则m nB .若m α ,m β ,则αβC .若m n ,m α⊥,则n α⊥D .若m α ,αβ⊥,则m β⊥ 5.已知某几何体的三视图(单位:cm )如图所示,则该几何体的体积是A .108cm 3B .100 cm 3C .92cm 3D .84cm36.函数()sin cos cos 22f x x x x =+的最小正周期和振幅分别是 A .π,1 B .π,2 C .2π,1 D .2π,27.已知,,a b c ∈R ,函数2()f x ax bx c =++.若(0)(4)(1)f f f =>,则A .0,40a a b >+=B .0,40a a b <+=C .0,20a a b >+=D .0,20a a b <+= 8.已知函数y=f(x)的图像是下列四个图像之一,且其导函数y=f ’(x)的图像如右图所示,则该函数的图像是9.如图F1.F2是椭圆C1:2214xy+=与双曲线C2的公共焦点A.B分别是C1.C2在第二.四象限的公共点,若四边形AF1BF2为矩形,则C2的离心率是A. 2B.3 C.32D.6210.设a,b∈R,定义运算“∧”和“∨”如下:,,a a ba bb a b≤⎧∧=⎨>⎩,,,b a ba ba a b≤⎧∨=⎨>⎩若正数,,,a b c d满足4ab≥,4c d+≤,则A.2a b∧≥,2c d∧≤ B.2a b∧≥,2c d∨≥C.2a b∨≥,2c d∧≤ D.2a b∨≥,2c d∨≥非选择题部分(共100分)注意事项:1.用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上。
2013年山东省高三语文高考模拟考试试卷二及答案
2013年山东省高三语文高考模拟考试试卷二及答案山东省2013届高三高考模拟卷(二)语文本试卷分第1卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分,共10页。
满分150分,考试用时150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共36分)一、(15分,每小题3分)1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是()A.勾结/勾当扫除/扫帚咽气/狼吞虎咽兴奋/兴高采烈B.奔跑/投奔空气/空闲累赘/罪行累累丧礼/丧心病狂C.栏杆/竹竿侪辈/肚脐投缘/不容置喙俘虏/饿殍遍野D.宣布/渲染凄怆/呛人旺盛/矫枉过正假装/久假不归2.下列词语中没有错别字的一组是()A.怄气和事老指手画脚苦思冥想B.坐阵绩优股礼义廉耻涣然冰释C.表率黄梁梦千古之谜弥天大谎D.通缉急就章钟灵毓秀额首称庆3.依次填入下列各句中横线处的词,最恰当的一组是()①据《2012中国微博年度报告》,中国微博用户的井喷式增长将出现于2013年、2014年,市场也将进入成熟期。
②春节后,争抢农民工——中国劳动力市场这一场没有硝烟的战争,已然从珠三角、长三角局部地区到包括中、西部在内的全中国。
③无论是设计创新、服务创新,还是营销创新,想消费者所想,满足广大顾客的个性化需求,企业才能赢得更多的青睐。
A.预测漫延只要B.预算蔓延只要C.预算漫延只有D.预测蔓延只有4.下列句子中,加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是()A.有些中小网站为换取更多的商业利益,不惜大打擦边球,放任黄、赌、毒及虚假信息,炒作耸人听闻的传言,以迎合一些网民的猎奇八卦心理。
B.“厉行勤俭节约,反对铺张浪费”不会一阵风刮过了事,餐饮企业不能幻想公款等高消费卷土重来,要在经营方向、策略、方式进行全方位调整。
C.婚庆典礼本是一件欢天喜地的好事,可是因为目前婚庆司仪的能力和素质鱼龙混杂,致使很多新人在选择婚庆公司时倍感头疼。
D.金融是现代经济的核心,从事经济工作的同志,对央行货币政策任何细微的变化,都应十分敏感,见微知著,了然于心。
5.下列语句中,没有语病的一项是()A.权力部门应当善待媒体,善用媒体,信任媒体,以便使媒体更好地发挥引导社会热点、通达社情民意、搞好舆论监督的作用。
2013届高考解答题及附加题模拟训练
2013届高考解答题及附加题适应性模拟训练(1)15、某单位有A、B、C三个工作点,需要建立一个公共无线网络发射点O,使得发射点到三个工作点的距离相等.已知这三个工作点之间的距离分别为80AB=m,70BC=m,50CA=m.假定A、B、C、O四点在同一平面内.(1)求BAC∠的大小;(2)求点O到直线BC的距离.(本小题主要考查解三角形等基础知识,考查正弦定理与余弦定理的应用)解:(1)在ABC∆中,因为80AB=m,70BC=m,50CA=m,由余弦定理得222cos2AB AC BCBACAB AC+-∠=⨯⨯2228050701280502+-==⨯⨯.因为BAC∠为ABC∆的内角,所以3BACπ∠=.(2)方法1:因为发射点O到A、B、C三个工作点的距离相等,所以点O为△ABC外接圆的圆心.设外接圆的半径为R,在△ABC中,由正弦定理得2sinBCRA=,因为BC=πsin A=.所以2R==R=.过点O作边BC的垂线,垂足为D,在△OBD中,3OB R==,703522BCBD===,所以OD==3=.所以点O到直线BC的距m.方法2:因为发射点O到A、B、C三个工作点的距离相等,所以点O为ABC∆外接圆的圆心.连结OB,OC,过点O作边BC的垂线,垂足为D,由(1)知3BACπ∠=,所以3BOC2π∠=.所以3BODπ∠=.在Rt△BOD中,703522BCBD===,所以35tan tan603BDODBOD===∠m.16、等边三角形ABC的边长为3,点D、E分别是边AB、AC上的点,且满足AD=12CEEA=(如图3).将△ADE沿DE折起到△1A DE的位置,使二面角1A DE B --成直二面角,连结1A B 、1A C (如图4). (1)求证:1A D ⊥平面BCED ;(2)在线段BC 上是否存在点P ,使直线1PA 与平面1A BD 所成的角为60?若存在,求出PB 的长, 若不存在,请说明理由.(本小题主要考查空间直线与平面垂直、直线与平面所成角等基础知识,考查空间想象能力和运算求解能力等)证明:(1)因为等边△ABC 的边长为3,且AD DB=12CE EA =,所以1AD =,2AE =.在△ADE 中,60DAE ∠=,由余弦定理得DE ==.因为222AD DE AE +=,所以AD DE ⊥.折叠后有1A D DE ⊥.因为二面角1A DE B --是直二面角,所以平面1A DE ⊥平面BCED .又平面1A DE 平面BCED DE =,1A D ⊂平面1A DE ,1A D DE ⊥,所以1A D ⊥平面BCED .…4分 (2)由(1)的证明,可知ED DB ⊥,1A D ⊥平面BCED .以D 为坐标原点,以射线DB 、DE 、DA 分别为x 轴、y 轴、z 轴的正半轴,建立空间直角坐标系D xyz -如图. 设2PB a =()023a ≤≤,则BH a =,PH =,2DH a =-所以()10,0,1A ,()2,0P a -,()E .所以()12,,1PAa =-因为ED ⊥平面1A BD ,所以平面1A BD 的一个法向量为()DE =.直线1PA 与平面1A BD 所成的角为60 ,所以11sin 60PA DE PA DE === 解得54a =即522PB a ==,满足023a ≤≤,符合题意.所以在线段BC 上存在点P ,使直线1PA 与平面1A BD 所成的角为60 ,此时52PB =.17、已知0a >,设命题p :函数()2212f x x ax a =-+-在区间[]0,1上与x 轴有两个不同的交点;命题q :()g x x a ax =--在区间()0,+∞上有最小值.若()p q ⌝∧是真命题,求实数a 的取值范围.(本小题主要考查二次函数的交点与分段函数的最值、常用逻辑用语等基础知识,考查数形结合思想、分类讨论思想和运算求解能力、抽象概括能力等)解:要使函数()2212f x x ax a =-+-在[]0,1上与x 轴有两个不同的交点,必须()()0101,0.f f a ⎧⎪⎪⎨<<⎪⎪∆>⎩≥0,≥0,即()()2,1224012412a a a a a -⎧⎪-⎪⎨<<⎪⎪--->⎩≥0,≥0,0.112a <≤.112a <≤时,函数()2212f x x ax a=-+-在[]0,1上与x 轴有两个不同的交点.下面求()g x x a ax =--在()0,+∞上有最小值时a 的取值范围:方法1:因为()()()1()1()a x a x a g x a x a x a --⎧⎪=⎨-++<⎪⎩≥①当1a >时,()g x 在()0,a 和[),a +∞上单调递减,()g x 在()0,+∞上无最小值; ②当1a =时,1()()21(1)x g x x x -⎧=⎨-+<⎩≥1,()g x 在()0,+∞上有最小值1-;③当01a <<时,()g x 在()0,a 上单调递减,在[),a +∞上单调递增,()g x 在()0,+∞上有最小值()2g a a =-.所以当01a ≤<时,函数()g x 在()0,+∞上有最小值.方法2:因为()()()1()1()a x a x a g x a x a x a --⎧⎪=⎨-++<⎪⎩≥ ,因为0a >,所以()10a -+<,所以函数()()110y a x a x a =-++<<是单调递减的.要使()g x 在()0,+∞上有最小值,必须使()21y a x a =--在[),a +∞上单调递增或为常数即10a -≥,即1a ≤.所以当01a ≤<时,函数()g x 在()0,+∞上有最小值. 若()p q ⌝∧是真命题,则p ⌝是真命题且q 是真命题,即p 是假命题且q 是真命题.所以10120 1.a ora a ⎧<>⎪⎨⎪<⎩≤,解得01a <≤或112a <≤.故实数a的取值范围为11](,1]2⋃. 18、经过点()0,1F 且与直线1y =-相切的动圆的圆心轨迹为M .点A 、D 在轨迹M 上,且关于y 轴对称,过线段AD (两端点除外)上的任意一点作直线l ,使直线l 与轨迹M 在点D 处的切线平行,设直线l 与轨迹M 交于点B 、C .(1)求轨迹M 的方程; (2)证明:BAD CAD ∠=∠; (3)若点D 到直线AB,且ABC ∆的面积为20,求直线BC 的方程. (本小题主要考查动点的轨迹和直线与圆锥曲线的位置关系、导数的几何意义等基础知识,考查运算求解能力和推理论证能力等)解:(1)方法1:设动圆圆心为(),x y1y =+,整理得24x y =,所以轨迹M的方程为24x y =.方法2:设动圆圆心为P ,依题意得点P 到定点()0,1F 的距离和点P 到定直线1y =-的距离相等,根据抛物线的定义可知,动点P 的轨迹是抛物线.且其中定点()0,1F 为焦点,定直线1y =-为准线.所以动圆圆心P 的轨迹M 的方程为24x y =. (2)由(1)得24x y =,即214y x =,则12y x '=.设点2001(,)4D x x ,由导数的几何意义知,直线l 的斜率为012BCk x =.由题意知点2001(,)4A x x -.设点2111(,)4C x x ,2221(,)4B x x ,则 2212120121114442BCx x x x k x x x -+===-,即1202x x x +=.因为2210101011444ACx x x x k x x --==+,2220202011444AB x x x x k x x --==+. 由于()120102020444AC ABx x x x x x x k k +---+=+==,即A C A B k k =-.所以BAD CAD ∠=∠.(3)方法1:由点D 到AB ,可知BAD ∠45= .不妨设点C 在AD 上方(如图),即21x x <,直线AB 的方程为:()20014y x x x -=-+.由()20021,44.y x x x x y ⎧-=-+⎪⎨⎪=⎩解得点B 的坐标为()20014,44x x ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭.所以)()00042AB x x =---=-.由(2)知C A D B A D∠=∠45= ,AB CDOxylE同理可得02AC =+.所以ABC ∆的面积200012244202S x =⨯-⨯+=-=, 解得03x =±.当03x =时,点B 的坐标为1(1,)4-,32BC k =,直线BC 的方程为()13142y x -=+,即6470x y -+=.当03x =-时,点B 的坐标为49(7,)4-,32BC k =-,直线BC 的方程为()493742y x -=-+,即6470x y +-=.方法2:由点D 到ABAD ,可知BAD ∠45= .由(2)知CAD BAD ∠=∠45= ,所以CAB ∠90=,即AC AB ⊥.由(2)知104AC x x k -=,204AB x x k -=.所以 1020144AC AB x x x x k k --=⨯=-.即()()102016x x x x --=-.……①,由(2)知1202x x x +=……② 不妨设点C 在AD 上方(如图),即21x x <,由①、②解得102044x x x x =+⎧⎨=-⎩因为02AB ==-,同理02AC =+.以下同方法1.19、设n a 是函数()321f x x n x =+-()*n ∈N 的零点.(1)证明:01n a <<; (2)证明:1n n <+1232n a a a +++< . (本小题主要考查函数的零点、函数的导数和不等式的证明等基础知识,考查运算求解能力和推理论证能力等)证明:(1)因为()010f =-<,()210f n =>,且()f x 在R 上的图像是一条连续曲线,所以函数()f x 在()01,内有零点.因为()2230f x x n '=+>,所以函数()f x 在R 上单调递增.所以函数()f x 在R 上只有一个零点,且零点在区间()01,内.而n a 是函数()f x 的零点,所以01n a <<.(2)先证明左边的不等式:因为3210n n a n a +-=,由(1)知01n a <<,所以3n n a a <.即231n n n n a a a -=<.所以211n a n >+.所以1222211111211na a a n +++>++++++ . 以下证明222111112111n n n +++≥++++ .……① 方法1(放缩法):因为()21111111n a n n n n n >≥=-+++, 所以1211111111223341n a a a n n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+++>-+-+-++- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭1111n n n =-=++.方法2(数学归纳法):1)当1n =时,2111111=++,不等式①成立. 2)假设当n k =(*k ∈N )时不等式①成立,即222111112111k k k +++≥++++ . 那么()222211111121111k k +++++++++ ()21111k k k ≥++++. 以下证明()()()21111111k k k k k ++≥+++++.…… ②,即证()()()21111111k k k k k +≥-+++++.即证 22112232k k k k ≥++++.由于上式显然成立,所以不等式②成立.即当1n k =+时不等式①也成立. 根据1)和2),可知不等式①对任何*n ∈N 都成立.所以121n n a a a n +++>+ .再证明右边的不等式:当1n =时,()31f x x x =+-,由于31113()()102228f =+-=-<,333311()()1044464f =+-=>,所以11324a <<.由(1)知01n a <<,且3210n n a n a +-=,所以32211n n a a n n -=<.因为当2n ≥时,()2111111n n n n n<=---,所以当2n ≥时, 1234231111111()()()4223341n a a a a a n n+++++<++-+-++-- 113122n =+-<.所以当*n ∈N 时,都有1232n a a a +++< .综上所述,1n n <+1232n a a a +++< . 20、已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且 12323(1)2n n a a a na n S n +++⋅⋅⋅+=-+(n N *∈).(1) 求数列{}n a 的通项公式;(2)若p 、q 、r 是三个互不相等的正整数,且p 、q 、r 成等差数列,试判断1p a -、1q a -、1r a -是否成等比数列?并说明理由.(本小题主要考查等比数列的通项公式、数列的前n 项和等基础知识,考查合情推理、化归与转化、特殊与一般的数学思想方法,以及抽象概括能力、推理论证能力、运算求解能力)(1) 12323(1)2n n a a a na n S n ++++=-+ ,∴当1n =时,有 11(11)2,a S =-+ 解得 12a =. 由12323(1)2n n a a a na n S n ++++=-+ ……①得1231123(1)2(1)n n n a a a na n a nS n ++++++++=++ …… ② ② - ①得:11(1)(1)2n n n n a nS n S +++=--+……③以下提供两种方法:法1:由③式得:11(1)()(1)2n n n n n S S nS n S +++-=--+,即122n n S S +=+,∴122(2)n n S S ++=+, ∵112240S a +=+=≠,∴数列{2}n S +是以4为首项,22为公比的等比数列. ∴1242n n S -+=⨯,即1142222n n n S -+=⨯-=-. 当2n ≥时, 11(22)(22)2n n n n n n a S S +-=-=---=,又12a =也满足上式,∴2n n a =.法2:由③式得()111(1)(1)22n n n n n n n a nS n S n S S S ++++=--+=-++,得12n n a S +=+…… ④ 当2n ≥时,12n n a S -=+……⑤ ,⑤-④得12n n a a +=.由12224a a S +=+,得24a =, ∴212a a =.∴数列{}n a 是以12a =为首项,2为公比的等比数列,∴2n n a =.(2)∵p 、q 、r 成等差数列,∴2p r q +=. 假设1p a -、1q a -、1r a -成等比数列, 则()()()2111p r q a a a --=-,即()()()2212121p rq--=-,化简得2222p r q +=⨯(*),∵p r ≠,∴2222p r q +>=⨯,这与(*)式矛盾,故假设不成立. ∴1p a -、1q a -、1r a -不是等比数列.附加题21、如图,AB 为O 的直径,过点B 作O 的切线BC ,CO 交O 于点E ,AE 的延长线交BC 于点D .(1)求证:2CE CD CB =⋅;(2)若2AB BC ==,求EC 和CD 的长.(Ⅰ)证明:连接BE ,∵BC 为O 的切线,∴90ABC ︒∠=,CBE A ∠=∠,AO EO = A AEO ∠=∠,∵AEO ∠=CED ∠,∴CED ∠=CBE ∠,∵C C =,∴CED ∆∽△CBE ,∴CE CDCB CE=,∴2CE CD CB =⋅;(Ⅱ)∵1OB =、2BC =,∴CO =,CE OC OE =-=1-,由2CE CD CB =⋅得(21)=2CD,3CD =22、在极坐标系中,圆C 的圆心坐标为(2,)3C π,半径为2,以极点为原点,极轴为x 的正半轴,取相同的长度单位建立平面直角坐标系,直线l的参数方程为1212x t y t ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩(t 为参数). (1)求圆C 的极坐标方程;(2)设l 与圆C 的交点为A 、B ,l 与x 轴的交点为P ,求PA PB +. (1)圆C 的极坐标方程为4cos()3πρθ=-;(2)PA PB+=.23、已知正方形ABCD 的边长为2,E 、F 、G 、H 分别是边AB 、BC 、CD 、DA 的中点.(1)在正方形ABCD 内部随机取一点P,求满足||PH <(2)从A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 、H 这八个点中,随机选取两个点,记这两个点之间的距离为ξ,求随机变量ξ的分布列与数学期望E ξ.(本小题主要考查几何概型、随机变量的分布列与数学期望等基础知识,考查运算求解能力与数据处理能力等)解:(1)这是一个几何概型.所有点P 构成的平面区域是正方形ABCD 的内部,其面积是224⨯=.满足||PH <P 构成的平面区域是以HABCD 内部的公共部分,它可以看作是由一个以H2π的扇形 HEG 的内部(即四分之一个圆)与两个直角边为1的等腰直角三角形(AEH ∆和DGH ∆)内部构成.其面积是2112111422π⨯π⨯+⨯⨯⨯=+.所以满足||PH < 为112484π+π=+.(2)从A 、B 、C 、D 、E 、F 、G 、H 这八个点中,任意选取两个点,共可构成28C 28=条不同的 线段.其中长度为1的线段有84条,长度为2的线段有6有8条,长度为的线段有2条.所以ξ所有可能的取值为12且()821287P ξ===、(41287P ξ===、()6322814P ξ===,(82287P ξ===、(212814P ξ===. 所以随机变量ξ的分布列为:随机变量ξ的数学期望为21321127714714E ξ=⨯++⨯++=.24、设二项展开式211)n n C -=(n N *∈)的整数部分为n A ,小数部分为n B . (1)计算11C B 、22C B 的值; (2)求n n B C .(1)因为211)n n C -=,所以11C =、12A =、11B ,所以112C B =;又321)10C ==+,其整数部分为220A =,小数部分为210B =,所以228C B =;(2)因为210211222221212121211)n n n n n n n n n n C C C C C ---------==+++ ……①,210211222221212121211)n n n n n n n n n C C C C N -----*----=-++∈ ……②,而21101)1n -<<,所以21211)1)n n n A --=-,211)n n B -=,所以n n B C 2121211)1)2n n n ---=⋅=.。
2013年全国高考模拟试卷1答案
2013年全国高考模拟试卷1(总分:100 考试时间:65.9分钟)学校___________________ 班级____________ 姓名___________ 得分___________一、选择题 ( 本大题共 21 题, 共计 59 分)1、(2分)A2、(6分)C3、(2分)A4、(2分)A5、(2分)A解析:地窖中CO2浓度较高,不利于呼吸进行,所以有利于降低呼吸强度,所以A对;地窖中CO2浓度较高与水分吸收无直接关系,所以B错;乙烯促进果实成熟,与本题无关,所以C错;地窖内无光不能进行光合作用,所以D错。
6、(2分)A7、(2分)A8、(1分)9、(2分)D10、(2分)A11、(2分)BC12、(6分)D解析:病菌进入人体并侵入细胞内后,要通过细胞免疫来起作用,所以是效应T细胞与细胞接触,导致靶细胞破裂,暴露出抗原,进而被相应的抗体消灭。
本题直接考查人体免疫的过程。
13、(2分)A14、(6分)A15、(2分)D16、(3分)B17、(6分)18、(2分)B19、(2分)A解析:分离定律是孟德尔提出的,进化学说最早是拉马克提出的,中心法则是法拉第提出的。
细胞学说是德国植物学家施莱登和德国动物学家施旺共同提出的。
20、(3分)ACD解析:果皮主要是纤维素,用纤维素酶就可处理;A项中的黑曲霉,C项中的平菇,D项中的木霉都能产生纤维素酶,而B项中的乳酸菌不产生纤维素酶。
21、(2分)D解析:A项中,卵裂期有机物总量不断减少;B项中,胚胎分割时需将囊胚的内细胞团均等分割;C项中核仁应较大;D项中胚胎干细胞是一类未分化、分裂能力很强的细胞,可从早期胚胎中分离获取。
二、非选择题 ( 本大题共 5 题, 共计 41 分)1、(10分)36.(1)①有利于新陈代谢各种反应的进行。
②有利于营养物质和代谢产物的运输。
③有利于维持植物体的温度。
(其他合理答案也给满分)(2)蒸发植物的蒸腾作用(3)涵养水源、调节气候(其他合理答案也给满分)37.(1)四(2)68~72(答案数值在此范围内均可得分)①水温增高,饱和值下降②光照增强,光合作用产氧量增加(3)①污染较重的小工业停产②对工农业及生活污水进行处理③减少枯水期用水,使流量增加④调整生产过程,适当在洪水期排污(答案合理可酌情给分)2、(8分)31.(1)离子根毛区(2)胃蛋白酶胰蛋白酶肠肽酶小肠(3)氨基尿素3、(4分)48.使植物光合作用停止密闭,防止空气进入装置内有意义具有对照作用4、(7分)35.(1)低(2)灰质(3)不能。
山东省2013届高三高考模拟卷(一)理综 Word版含答案概论
山东省2013届高三高考模拟卷(一)理科综合本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分,共12页。
满分240分。
考试用时150分钟。
答题前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和科类填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷(必做,共87分)注意事项:1.第I卷共20小题。
1~13题每小题4分,14~20题每小题5分,共87分。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
不涂在答题卡上,只答在试卷上不得分。
以下数据可供答题时参考:相对原子质量:H -1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Fe-56 Cu-64一、选择题(本题包括13小题,每小题只有一个选项符合题意)1.下列关于细胞结构和功能的叙述,错误的是A.受精作用体现了生物膜的流动性B.线粒体内膜上蛋白质的种类比外膜多C.细胞癌变后,形态结构发生显著变化,细胞间黏着性显著降低D.细胞吸收葡萄糖都要消耗能量2.下列有关生物的叙述,正确的是A.大肠杆菌无染色体,以无丝分裂方式进行增殖B.蓝藻无叶绿体,但属于生产者C.洋葱根尖产生的细胞分裂素能够促进细胞分裂,其作用也能体现两重性D.酵母菌在有氧和无氧的条件下都能在线粒体中生成CO23.右图为某抗体合成过程的部分示意图,以下说法不正确的是A.该过程中发生了碱基配对,如A与T配对,G与C配对B.①的基本组成单位是核苷酸,②的形成与核仁有关C.③合成后还需经内质网和高尔基体的加工才具有活性D.浆细胞产生的抗体与抗原特异性结合发挥体液免疫功能4.下列叙述符合现代生物进化理论的是A.如果环境条件保持稳定,生物就不会进化B.只有经过长期的地理隔离才能产生新物种C.共同进化形成生物的多样性D.自然选择不会改变种群的基因库5.以下是对生物实验的相关叙述,正确的是A.用显微镜观察小麦根尖成熟区表皮细胞,可根据染色体的形态和数目确定细胞有丝分裂的时期B.在探究细胞大小与物质运输的关系实验中,发现物质运输效率与细胞大小呈正相关C.在探究PH对酶活性的影响实验中,PH是自变量,温度属于无关变量D.纸层析法分离叶绿体中色素的实验表明,叶绿素a在层析液中的溶解度最低6.下列有关变异及其应用的说法,不正确的是A.基因突变频率很低,是随机发生的、不定向的B.同源染色体上非姐妹染色单体之间的交叉互换属于基因重组C.与杂交育种相比,单倍体育种可明显地缩短育种年限D.染色体DNA中一个碱基对的缺失属于染色体结构变异7.下列有关叙述正确的是()A.四种基本反应类型中,只有置换反应属于氧化还原反应B.离子反应的结果是自由移动的离子浓度减小C.改变影响化学平衡的因素,化学平衡常数可能发生变化D.Fe(OH)3胶体和饱和FeCl3溶液都呈红褐色,二者可通过丁达尔效应区分8.下列有关常见金属及其化合物的说法正确的是( )A.氯化铁溶液中加入还原性铁粉无明显颜色变化B.铁与水蒸气在高温下的反应产物为Fe2O3和H2C.AlCl3与过量NaOH溶液反应生成AlO-2,则与过量NH3·H2O 也生成AlO-2D.常温下1 mol铜片投入含4 mol HNO3的浓硝酸中金属可完全溶解9.下列关于原子结构、元素性质的说法正确的是()A.Na2O2中既含离子键,又含非极性键,阴阳离子个数比1:1B.第IA族又名碱金属族C.1H35Cl、2H37Cl两种气体的化学性质相同,但物理性质可能不同D.由于还原性:S2->Cl-,故硫元素的非金属性强于氯元素10. 下列有关有机物结构和性质的说法中正确的是()A.乙烯水化和油脂水解,反应类型相同B.酸性高锰酸钾溶液可用于鉴别和除去乙烷中的乙烯C.淀粉、纤维素、蔗糖均能发生水解反应,水解最终产物为葡萄糖D.甲烷、苯、乙醇和乙酸在一定条件下都能够发生取代反应11.下列有关叙述中,正确的是()A.用饱和Na2CO3溶液可除去二氧化碳中的氯化氢B. 铜粉中含有少量的氧化铜,可加入稀硝酸后过滤C. 汽油或煤油存放在带橡胶塞的棕色玻璃瓶中D. 配制浓硫酸和浓硝酸混酸时,应将浓硫酸慢慢加到浓硝酸中,并及时搅拌和冷却12.下列有关叙述正确的是()A. 某红棕色气态物质能够使湿润的淀粉碘化钾试纸变蓝,则该气体为溴蒸气B.某气体能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝,该气体水溶液一定显碱性C.检测某溶液是否含有SO42-时,应取少量该溶液,依次加入BaCl2溶液和稀盐酸D.用氢氧化铜粉末检验尿糖13.如图甲、乙是电化学实验装置。
2013高考试题及答案
2013高考试题及答案2013年高考试题及答案【语文】一、选择题1. 下列句子中,没有语病的一项是:A. 由于天气原因,航班被迫取消。
B. 他虽然年轻,但是经验丰富。
C. 她不仅聪明,而且勤奋。
D. 这次活动,我们收获了许多宝贵的经验。
答案:D二、阅读理解阅读下文,回答问题:(文章内容略)1. 文章的中心论点是什么?答案:文章的中心论点是强调实践的重要性。
三、作文题目:《我的梦想》要求:不少于800字,文体不限。
【数学】一、选择题1. 以下哪个数是无理数?A. 3.14B. πC. 1/3D. 0.333...答案:B二、填空题1. 已知函数f(x) = 2x - 3,求f(5)的值。
答案:7三、解答题1. 解不等式:x^2 - 5x + 6 ≤ 0。
答案:x ∈ [2, 3]【英语】一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,回答问题:(短文内容略)1. What is the main idea of the passage?答案:The main idea is to introduce the importance of environmental protection.二、完形填空(完形填空内容略)1. In paragraph 2, what does the author imply about the city? 答案:The author implies that the city has a rich history and culture.三、书面表达题目:《My Hometown》要求:不少于120词,描述你的家乡。
【结束语】以上是2013年高考部分科目的试题及答案示例。
请注意,这只是一个示例,实际的高考试题会根据不同年份和地区有所不同。
希望这些示例能够帮助考生们更好地准备考试。
祝愿所有考生都能取得优异的成绩!。
泰州中学2013届高三高考考前预测数学试题(8)正题
(第3题图)开始 输入p n =1 n <p ?输出S S =0结 束S =S +2−nn =n +1 是否O频率组距分数a 0.0640.0600.0160.020*******8580752013年高考数学模拟卷正题部分(文理必做题)(满分160分 时间 120分钟)一、填空题(本大题共有14题,每小题5分,满分70分)1.已知全集R U =,集合{}0322>--=x x x A ,则=A C U .2.已知i 是虚数单位,a ∈R .若复数22a ia i+-的虚部为1,则a = .3.执行如图所示的程序框图,若输入p 的值是7,则输出S 的值是 .4.某高校在2013年的自主招生考试成绩中随机抽取50名学生的笔试成绩,绘制成频率分布直方图如图所示.若要从成绩在[)85,90 ,[)90,95 , []95,100三组内的学生中,用分层抽样的方法选取12人参加面试,则成绩在[]95,100内的学生中,学生甲被选取的概率为 .5.已知),2(ππα∈,53sin =α,则)4tan(πα-的值等于 .6.在△ABC 中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知C =2A ,cos A =34,b =5,则△ABC 的面积为 .7.已知圆锥底面半径与球的半径都是1cm ,如果圆锥的体积恰好也与球的体积相等,那么这个圆锥的母线长为 cm .8.在△ABC 中,B(10,0),直线BC 与圆Γ:x2+(y -5)2=25相切,切点为线段BC 的中点.若△ABC 的重心恰好为圆Γ的圆心,则点A 的坐标为 .9.已知函数()sin(2)(0)6f x x πωω=->在区间2π0,3⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递增,则ω的最大值为________.10.如图,F 1,F 2是双曲线C :22221x y a b-=(a >0,b >0)的左、右焦点,过F 1的直线l 与C 的左、右两支分别交于A ,B 两点.若 | AB | : | BF 2 | : | AF 2 |=3:4 : 5,则双曲线的离心率为11.已知两个不相等的平面向量α,β(0≠α)满足|β|=2,且α与β-α的夹角为120°,则|α|的最大值是 .12.已知点P,Q 分别是曲线xy e =,ln (0)y x x =>的动点,则P ,Q 两点距离的最小值为 .13.已知函数()[]f x x x =-,其中[]x 表示不超过实数x 的最大整数.则关于x 的方程()f x kx k =+有三个不同的实根充要条件是 。
2013届英语高考模拟试卷(含答案)
2013届英语高考摸拟考试试卷英语(试题卷)温馨提示:1、答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号、学校、班次写在答题卷密封线内指定的位置。
2、答题时,选择题和非选择题均须作在答题卷上,在本试题卷上作答无效,考试结束后,只交答卷。
3、本试题卷分四个部分,共11页。
时量120分钟。
满分150分。
Part I Listening Comprehension (30 marks)Section A (22. 5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear six conversations between two speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by three choices marked A, B and C. Listen carefully and then choose the best answer for each question.You will hear each conversation TWICE.Example:When will the magazine probably arrive?A. Wednesday.B. Thursday.C. Friday.The answer is B.Conversation 11. Why do they want to buy a gift for their mother?A. It’s her birthday.B. It’s Mother’s Day.C. It’s Women’s Day.2. What are they going to buy?A. Some flowers.B. A box of chocolates.C. A book.Conversation 23. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Go to a bank.B. Mail letters.C. Buy some magazines.4. What time will the man probably be back?A. 9:00.B. 9:30.C. 10:00.Conversation 35. What is the woman going to do tonight?A. Go to a concert.B. Phone her doctor.C. Prepare for an exam.6. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Classmates.C. Doctor and patient. Conversation 47. Where does the man want to go?A. The history museum.B. The Central Park.C. The high school.8. How far away is the place?A. Two blocks.B. Three blocks.C. Five blocks.9. When is the place open?A. From Monday to Friday.B. Through the whole week.C. On Saturday and Sunday. Conversation 510. Why is Mr. Jackson out of the office?A. He has been injured.B. He has gone to London.C. He is looking after his wife.11. How long will he probably be away from work?A. One week.B. Two weeks.C. Three weeks.12. Who will do his work while he is away?A. His wife.B. The boss.C. The secretary. Conversation 613. Where are the two speakers?A. In a dining hall.B. In a hospital.C. In a lecture room.14. What did the man do?A. He saw a doctor.B. He took some medicine.C. He had vegetables for lunch.15. What does the woman think the man should do?A. Have meals regularly.B. Go to Dr. Kevin’s office.C. Pay attention to his health.Section B (7. 5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS.You will hear the short passage TWICE.Hong Kong Arts CinemaOpen: ____16____ a weekNext week’s film: ____17____Time: at ____18____ p.m. and 10:30 p.m. Student car required for ____19____Nearest car park: on ____20____ RoadPART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGESECTION ADirection: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B C and D. choose the one answer that best complete the sentence.21. America's car industry will continue to break down _ some progress is made to close thegap.A.since B.unless C.because D.though22. The man ______ of shooting 6 school children was caught by Beijing police, the XINHUANews Agency reported on Friday.A. being accusedB. accusingC. accusedD. to be accused23. --- Hey! Everyone in the office was at the dinner party in honor of Mr. Charles except you.What happened?--- I _____ after Mike, my colleague. He was badly ill.A. have lookedB. was lookingC. would lookD. had looked24. This is a difficult and stressful job, but one ______ you can really help people.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. of which25. It was said that the famous pop star was found _____ suicide in a hotel near the seaside.A. commitB. to commitC. to have committedD. committing26.--- Good morning, Doctor B rown’s office.--- Hello, this is Johnson. Could you please tell Doctor Brown that I ? My car won’t start.A. have been delayedB. am delayedC. will be delayed,D. was delayed27. All the preparations for the work_______, we’re ready to start.A. are completedB. have been completedC. completedD. had been completed28. Use your head. Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as ______learned byyourself.A. thoseB. whatC. thatD. the one29. For some time now, Chinese people, under the leadership of CPC, the contents of theScientific Development Theory in the course of practicing socialism in China.A. had been improvingB. have been improvingC. were improvingD. improved30. My mother is a great cook and we never get enough of her cookies.A. mayB. needC. shouldD. can31. The boy was having a class when the earthquake broke out in Y ushu. He could have beenkilled if he with his family.A. had stayedB. stayedC. would stayD. is to stay32. We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.A. whoB. whomC. whoeverD. whomever33. --- How is the test that you took yesterday?--- Unfortunately, not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed.A. have B has C. are D. is34. It was the belief that he could find out his origin in Africa made him decided to gothere.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when35. No one can imagine the difficulty he had _______ his son to get rid of the habit of playingcomputer games.A. persuadingB. to persuadeC. persuadedD. persuadeSECTION BDirection: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.I took up skydiving in my twenties. At the time the accident happened,I'd done just 30 jumps. The airfield was quiet when I __36__. On board were Chris,who was taking a tourist,and Ants,the cameraman. Chris indicated I should exit first and the other three would __37__. Later I knew it was this __38__ that saved my life.At 12,000 feet Chris rolled up the door and nodded that it was time for my exit. I put my foot on a step just beside the door,and in an instant the propeller blast (螺旋桨气流) threw me against the side of the plane,half in,half out. I pushed and got my other leg out of the door,but in doing so I found myself __39__ down the body of the plane towards the tail. My parachute (降落伞) gotcaught and my __40__ and legs were pushed backwards,powerless,in the strong wind.I was strangely __41__. To a skydiver,being at 12,000 feet is a good thing. Altitude is your friend;being close to the ground is deadly and will kill you.Ants appeared and moved slowly towards me,his legs held by Chris in the door. Ants reached out and got hold of my foot. With the weight partly off,I found myself falling away from the plane,__42__ freed. I waved and smiled to indicate I was fine.It was actually very __43__. If any one of a number of factors had been different,I would have __44__. I could have hit the plane with my head. If I had been the last to exit,the pilot alone would have been unable to free me,and even if he had been aware that I was _45__ underneath the plane,he would still have had to land at some point.Blue Skies,Black Death is the skydivers' mantra (咒语).On the one hand,there's the freedom and __46__ of the open sky. But in order to __47__this joy,you must accept that there is usually only one result if something goes wrong.36.A. jumped B.arrived C.woke D.dove 37.A. follow B.escape C.leave D.fly 38.A. trouble B.effort C.chance D.decision 39.A. sliding B.knocking C.crashing D.leaning 40.A. body B.arms C.head D.fingers 41.A. frightened B.anxious C.excited D.calm 42.A. really B.hopefully C.certainly D.finally 43.A. funny B.ordinary C.clear D.serious 44.A. died B.laughed C.stopped D.returned 45.A. attached B.adjusted C.covered D.connected 46.A. pride B.confidence C.excitement D.willingness 47.A. observe B.experience C.imagine D.discoverSECTION CDirection: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.Life comes in a package. This package includes happiness and sorrow, failure and success, hope and despair. Life is a learning process. Experiences in life teach __48__ new lessons and make us a better person. __49__ each passing day we learn to handle various situations.Love plays a pivotal role on our life. Love makes you feel wanted. Without love a person could become cruel and ferocious. Materialistic happiness is short-lived, __50__ happiness achieved by bringing a smile on others face gives a certain level of fulfillment. Failure is the path __51__ success which helps us to touch the sky, teaches us to survive and shows us a specific way. Success brings in money, fame, pride and self-respect. Here it becomes very important to keep our head on our shoulder. Hope is __52__ keeps life going and makes us dream. Life teaches us __53__to despair even in the darkest hour, because after every night there is __54__day.Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it has passed and is beyond our control. Tomorrow is unknown, for it could either be bright or dull. So the only alternative is to work hard today, so __55__ we will enjoy a better tomorrow.us, with, but, to, what, not, a, that,PART THREE READING COMPREHENSIONDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.ABicycle SafetyOperation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registr ation permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine.The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15mph, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you arerequired to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine. If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30Blocking path with bicycle ---------------------------------------------$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$3556. Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.A. find your stolen bicycleB. get your serial numberC. receive free repair servicesD. settle conflicts with walkers57. According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?A. Brakes.B. A helmet.C. A headlight.D. A taillight.58. When you ride a bicycle on the campus, ___________.A. ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksB. cycle at a speed of over 15 mphC. put th e walkers’ right of way firstD. call the police before leaving in a case of accident59. If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you could be fined _________.A. $25B. $30C. $35D. $4060. What is the passage mainly about?A. A guide for safe bicycling on campus.B. Directions for bicycle tour on campus.C. Regulations of bicycle race on campus.D. Rules for riding motor vehicles on camps.BWhen you think about math, you p robably don’t think about breaking the law, solving mysteries or finding criminals. But a mathematician in Maryland does, and he has come up with mathematical tools to help police find criminals.People who solve crimes look for patterns that might reveal (揭示) the identity of the criminal. It’s long been believed, for example, that c riminals will break the law closer to where they live, simply because it’s easier to get around in their own neighborhood. If police see a pattern of robberies in a certain area, they may look for a suspect who lives near the crime scenes. So, the farther away from the area a crime takes place, the less likely it is that the same criminal did it.But Mike O’Leary, a mathematic ian at Towson University in Maryland, says that this k ind of approach may be too simple. He says that police may get better clues to the location of a criminal’s home base by combining these patterns with a city’s layout (布局) and historical crime records.The records of past crimes contain geographical information and can reveal easy targets —that is, the kind of stores that might be less difficult to rob. Because these stores are along roads, the locations of past crimes contain information about where major streets and intersections are. O’Leary is writing a new computer program that will quickly provide this kind of information for a given city. His program also includes information about the people who live in the city, and information about how a criminal’s patterns change with age. It’s been shown, for e xample, that the younger the criminal, the closer to home the crime.Other computer programmers have worked on similar software, but O’Leary’s uses more math. The mathematician plans to make his computer program available, free of charge, to police departments around the country.The program is just one way to use math to fight crime. O’Leary says that criminology — the study of crime and criminals —contains a lot of good math problems. “I feel like I’m in a gold mine and I’m the only one who knows what go ld looks like,”he says. “It’s a lot of fun.”61. To find criminals, police usually _________.A. check who are on the crime sceneB. seek help from local peopleC. depend on new mathematical toolsD. focus on where crimes take place62. O’Leary is writing a computer program that _________.A. uses math to increase the speed of calculationB. tells the identity of a criminal in a certain areaC. provides the crime records of a given cityD. shows changes in criminals’ patterns63. By “I’m the only one who knows what gold looks like”, O’Leary means that he _________.A. is better at finding gold than othersB. is the only one who uses math to make moneyC. knows best how to use math to help solve crimesD. has more knowledge of gold than other mathematicians64. What do you know about O’Leary according to the passage?A. He is a man full of impractical imagination.B. He is a man full of self-confidence.C. He is a man who is talkative but lazy.D. He is a man who doesn’t like mathematics.65. What is the main idea of the text?A. Math could help police find criminals.B. Criminals live near where crimes occur.C. Crime records could be used to fight crime.D. Computer software works in preventing crimes.CDepression is one of the most common mental health issues among Americans, and children are also affected by it. Childhood depression increases the risk of suicide. It’s important that parents become aware of the signs and symptoms of childhood depression, because children usually can’t express their feelings in a way that adults will understand that they’re depressed. One in every 33 children may be struggling with depression, according to Kids Health.Signs and Symptoms of Clinical Depression in ChildrenDepression in adults and children can look quite different. Sometimes children become impatient instead of sad and throw a tantrum(发脾气) when depressed. They might not necessarily look like the typical crying person that people are used to seeing on television when someone is described as depressed. Here are more symptoms of childhood depression: overwhelming sadness, weight loss or weight gain due to under-eating or over-eating, sleeplessness, low self-esteem(自尊),etc.A child who is depressed may refuse to go to school, have a sudden drop in his grades, and stop playing with his friends after school. Things that used to make him happy seem to no longer interest him.T reatment Options for Children Suffering from DepressionMedication, individual therapy, and family therapy are forms of treatment for children who are depressed. Many times it is recommended that children try different forms of psychotherapy before considering medication. The most commonly appointed medications for children who have a diagnosis of major depressive disorder are antidepressants(抗抑郁药). Some children need a combination of therapy and medication to reduce the symptoms of depression. It depends on each child’s individual symptoms and the severity of the depression. In any form of treatment, parents play an essential part and should be fully involved.It can be scary for a parent to think that his child is depressed; however, it’s important to understand the signs and symptoms of depression, signs of suicidal thoughts, treatment options forchildhood depression and the basic information about antidepressants.66. From the text we can learn that ______.A. depression is the most common mental problem in AmericaB. about 3 percent of children may be suffering from depressionC. when a child struggles with depression, what he needs most is medicineD. signs and symptoms of depression in children are quite similar to those in adults67. According to the text, we know that if a child is depressed, he may _______.A. get angry easilyB. talk with his parents about his problemC. go out with his friends and have a big mealD. have no interest in anything except watching TV68. All the following are signs and symptoms of childhood depression EXCEPT“________”.A. lack of self-respectB. over-eating or under-eatingC. having difficulty in falling asleepD. often crying when watching TV69. From Paragraph 4, we can infer that _______.A. only the severity of depression determines the form of treatmentB. medication is the most useful form of treatment for depressionC. a child suffering from depression should turn to a psychologist firstD. in dealing with depression, parents play the most important role70. What is the passage about?A. Why children will have depression.B. How we should treat depression in childhood.C. What the symptoms and treatment of depression in children are.D. When the best time for parents to treat depression in children is.PART FOUR WRITINGSECTION ADirection: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information from the passage.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when we are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion?Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War Two, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again. Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either.I. Why people dress themselves, have their haircut or make up 71._____ the past◆To do everything 72. _________◆To avoid being considered 73. _______II. What causes fashion to 74. _______◆Convenience or 75. ________: People wearing hats in cold climates◆The fancy of an influential person: People following President K ennedy’s example by 76.________III. The trend in fashion◆77. ____________: Short skirts and long skirts replace each other as the fashion at differenttimes.◆Ignoring the fashion: People wear jeans to 78. ________ the top fashion houses.IV. The writer’s opinions on 79. ________◆Choose your clothes carefully for certain circumstances.◆80.________ if you don’t look fashionable enough.SECTION BDirection: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.JIUQUAN, June 15 (Xinhua) -- An eloquent speaker and a lover of cooking, Liu Yang iswell-poised to be the first Chinese woman in space.When she watched the news on television of China's first manned space mission in 2003, the pilot couldn't help but wonder: What would the Earth look like from outer space?Nine years later, Liu is getting the opportunity to find out herself as China's first female astronaut, taking her place among three Chinese chosen to crew the Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft.Liu will be in charge of medical experiments during the mission, which will also featureChina's first attempt at a manual space docking procedure."I have full confidence," Liu said before the mission. “Men and women have their own advantages and capabilities in carrying out space missions. They can complement each other and better complete their mission."The native of central China's Henan province started looking toward the skies just after high school, when one of her teachers convinced her to enroll in an aviation school.Joining the People's Liberation Army (PLA) Air Force in 1997, Liu became a veteran pilot after flying safely for 1,680 hours. She was promoted to deputy head of a PLA flight unit before being recruited as a prospective astronaut in May 2010. She is now an Air Force major.Liu has been described by her colleagues as being outgoing, eloquent and well-versed. Since joining the military, she has received accolades for her public speaking, winning first place in a military speech contest in 2010.She has also impressed others as a quick learner. After becoming a prospective astronaut in 2010, she devoted the first year to basic academic and physical training. Before the start of the Shenzhou-9 mission, she had finished all scheduled training courses."Despite starting her training late, she is now on the same page as us, which is beyond our expectations," said Jing Haipeng, commander of the mission.Jing was also impressed by the swiftness and decisiveness Liu has displayed during training sessions, citing the calm manner she displays in dealing with simulated emergencies.However, the difficulty and intensity of her training has not deprived her of life's pleasures. Liu loves reading, particularly novels, essays and history books. She is also a proficient cook."I love children and I love life," said Liu, who lives in Beijing with her husband. "To be with my family is one kind of happiness, but to fly is another kind that people cannot typically experience."81. How many astronauts are there in the Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft? (no more than 2 words) _____________________________________________________________________________ 82. Why does the Shenzhou-9 manned spacecraft include a female astronaut? (no more than 20 words) _________________________________________________________________________ 83. List at least five of the personal qualities that Liu Y ang possesses. (No more than 10 words)_____________________________________________________________________________ 84. Why does the author use the quotation(引语) of Jing Haipeng? (no more than 8 words)_____________________________________________________________________________SECTION CDirection: Write an English composition to the instruction given below in Chinese.你校正在开展创建和谐校园系列活动,请以“做文明学生,创和谐校园”为题写一篇英语演讲稿,词数不少于120 词。
2013年高考语文19套模拟考试题(含答案和解释)
d.改革开放之初,大家都一穷二白,连一辆自行车都是奢侈品,但现在不同了,家用轿车满街跑,由此我们感受到社会所发生的巨大变化。
4.a(a项“大快朵颐”,指大饱口福,痛快淋漓地大吃一通。
用在此处恰当。
b项“龙飞凤舞”:形容书法笔势舒展活泼,此处褒贬失当。
c项“如影随形”意为“比喻两人常在一起,十分亲密”,不合语境。
d项“一穷二白”,形容基础差,底子薄。
多指国家工农业不发达,文化科技水平不高)5.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是()a.“中国首善”陈光标赴台湾高调捐赠的行为究竟是行善还是作秀,香港时事评论员赵嘉一对此的评价是肯定的。
b.学生志向的高远和低下,对其能否成才有重要的作用。
因此,激励学生科学地确立志向,是学校教育中一项至关重要的内容。
c.“我自横刀向天笑,别看广告,看疗效!”经典名句与小品台词混搭出的“本山体”以独具个性的风格为无数网友所倾倒。
d.南昌市准备建设新公园路周边停车场和公交站点方位,已经出台了《新公园路地下通道及地下停车场规划方案》,将于5月18日前对该方案进行公示并听取、收集公众意见。
5.b(a表意不明。
c主客颠倒,不合逻辑,应为“使无数网友倾倒”d搭配不当,改为“规划公交站点方位”。
)二、(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成6~8题。
又见文理之争石野樵近日,复旦大学历史系教授钱文忠的一句话引起了无数非议,他向教育部建议称,高中之前,除数学外,学校不开设物理、化学课程,大量增加人文类、特别是艺术类课程,大量增加体育课,可开设不进行考核的第二第三外语。
虽然这建议听起来异想天开,也绝没可能被教育部采纳,但依旧在微博和网络世界引起了广泛争论,这些争论中有意思的不是关乎中国教育制度的种种弊病,因为教育之弊已是陈年旧题,倒是他挑起的文理之争颇值得关注。
长久以来,人类都面临着一个文化困境,那就是“科学”与“人文”两种价值体系之间逐渐分裂和对立的局面。
随着科学技术的迅猛扩张和学科细化,人文学科的领地日见狭窄,地位也有所下降。
新课标2013届高考模拟试卷及答案(理科数学)[1]
新 课 标 2013 届 高 考 模 拟 试 卷( 理 科 数 学)考试时间:120分钟 满分:150分 出题者:秦庆广一、选择题:(本大题共 小题,每小题 分,共 分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求的).若iim -+1是纯虚数,则实数m 的值为( )✌.1-.. .2.已知集合}13|{},1|12||{>=<-=xx N x x M ,则N M ⋂ ☎ ✆✌.φ .}0|{<x x .}1|{<x x .}10|{<<x x .若)10(02log ≠><a a a 且,则函数)1(log )(+=x x f a 的图像大致是☎ ✆.已知等比数列}{n a 的公比为正数,且1,422475==⋅a a a a ,则1a ☎ ✆✌.21 .22.2 ..已知变量⌧、⍓满足的约束条件⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧-≥≤+≤11y y x xy ,则y x z 23+=的最大值为☎ ✆✌. .25. . .过点( , )且与曲线11-+=x x y 在点( , )处的切线垂直的直线的方程为☎ ✆ ✌.012=+-y x .012=-+y x .022=-+y x .022=+-y x.函数)sin (cos 32sin )(22x x x x f --=的图象为C ,如下结论中正确的是☎ ✆♊图象C 关于直线11π12x =对称; ♋图象C 关于点2π03⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭,对称; ♌函数()f x 在区间π5π1212⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,内是增函数; ♍由x y 2sin 2=的图角向右平移π3个单位长度可以得到图象C (✌)♊♋♌ ( )♋♌♍ ( )♊♌♍ ( )♊♋♌♍ .已知6260126(12)x a a x a x a x -=+++⋅⋅⋅+,则0126a a a a +++⋅⋅⋅+=( )✌. .1-.63 .62.若函数)(x f 的导函数34)('2+-=x x x f ,则使得函数)1(-x f 单调递减的一个充分不必要条件是⌧ ☎ ✆✌.☯, .☯, .☯, .☯, .设若2lg ,0,()3,0,ax x f x x t dt x >⎧⎪=⎨+≤⎪⎩⎰((1))1f f =,则a 的值是☎ ✆ ✌ . ✌中, ✌ ✌的平分线✌交边 于 ,已知✌,且)(31R AB AC AD ∈+=λλ,则✌的长为☎ ✆ ✌. .3 .32 ..在三棱锥 ✌中,✌✌2 ✌,二面角 ✌的余弦值是33-,若 、✌、 、 都在同一球面上,则该球的表面积是☎ ✆ ✌.68 .π6 . π . π二、填空题:(本大题 小题,每小题 分,共 分).在 ✌中, 3π中,且34=⋅BC BA 则 ✌的面积是.若函数1)(2++=mx mx x f 的定义域为 ,则❍的取值范围是.已知向量b a ,满足:2||,1||==b a ,且6)2()(-=-⋅+b a b a ,则向量a 与b 的夹角是 .某几何体的三视图如图所示,则它的体积是正视图 侧视图 俯视图三、解答题(本大题共 小题,共 分。
2013年高考英语全国卷模拟题及答案2
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有l0秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. £19.15B. £9.15.C. £9.18.答案是B。
1. What will Dorothy do on the weekend?A. Go out with her friend.B. Work on her paper.C. Make some plans.2. What was the normal price of the T-shirt?A. $15.B. $30.C. $50.3. What has the woman decided to do on Sunday afternoon?A. To attend a wedding.B. To visit an exhibition.C. To meet a friend.4. When does the bank close on Saturday?A. At l:00 pm.B. At 3:00 pm.C. At 4:00 pm.5. Where are the speakers?A. In a store.B. In a classroom.C. At a hotel.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22 .5分)听下面5段对话或独自。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2013年高考模拟系列试卷(1)—数学(理)含答案
2013年高考模拟系列试卷(一)数学试题【新课标版】(理科)题 号 第Ⅰ卷第Ⅱ卷总分一二171819202122得 分注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.作答时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的 1.复数z=i 2(1+i )的虚部为( ) A .1 B .iC .– 1D .– i2.设全集()()2,{|21},{|ln 1}x x U R A x B x y x -==<==-,则右图中阴影部分表示的集合为( )A .{|1}x x ≥B .{|12}x x ≤<C .{|01}x x <≤D .{|1}x x ≤ 3.已知各项均为正数的等比数列{na }中,1237895,10,a a a a a a ==则456a a a =()UA 。
52 B.7 C.6 D.424.已知0.81.2512,,2log 22a b c -⎛⎫=== ⎪⎝⎭,则,,a b c 的大小关系为()A.c b a <<B. c a b <<C 。
b c a <<D .b ac <<5。
已知某几何体的三视图如图,其中正(主)视图中半圆的半径为1,则该几何体的体积为( )A .3242π- B .243π- C .24π-D .242π-6.设,m n 是空间两条直线,α,β是空间两个平面,则下列选项中不正确...的是( )A .当n ⊥α时,“n ⊥β"是“α∥β”成立的充要条件B .当α⊂m 时,“m ⊥β"是“βα⊥"的充分不必要条件C .当α⊂m 时,“//n α”是“n m //”的必要不充分条件D .当α⊂m 时,“α⊥n "是“n m ⊥”的充分不必要条件7.已知x y 、满足5030x y x x y -+≥⎧⎪≤⎨⎪+≥⎩,则24z x y =+的最小值为( )A. 5B. —5 C . 6 D. —68。
2013年江苏高考数学模拟试卷(七).
2013年江苏高考数学模拟试卷(七)第1卷(必做题,共160分)一、填空题:本大题共14小题,每小题5分,共70分. 1. 设集合U =N ,集合M ={x|x 2-3x ≥0},则∁U M = .2. 某单位有职工500人,其中青年职工150人,中年职工250人,老年职工100人,为了了解该单位职工的健康情况,用分层抽样的方法从中抽取样本.若样本中的青年职工为6人,则样本容量为 .3. 已知i 为虚数单位,422a i i i+=+,则实数a= .4. 在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,角α的始边与x 轴正半轴重合,终边在直线3y x =-上,且x >,则cos α= .5. 已知函数2()1log f x x =-,则函数(1)y f x =+的定义域为 .6. 从集合{1,2,3,4,5}中随机选取一个数记为a ,则使命题:“存在(3,3)x ∈-使关于x 的不等式220x ax ++<有解”为真命题的概率是 .7. 已知向量(,1),(2,)a x b y z ==+,且a b ⊥ .若x y、满足不等式组220,220,2,x y x y x -+≥⎧⎪+-≥⎨⎪≤⎩则z 的取值范围是 . 8. 已知双曲线22221(0,0)x y a b ab-=>>的一条渐近线方程3y x=,它的一个焦点在抛物线224y x =的准线上,则双曲线的方程为 .9. 设函数()4sin()f x x x π=-,函数()f x 在区间11[,]()22k k k Z -+∈上存在零点,则k 最小值是 .10. 数列{}n a 的各项都是整数,满足31a =-,74a =,前6项依次成等差数列,从第5项起依次成等比数列,则数列{}n a 前10项的和是 . 11. 若函数4()tan 3f x x π=+在点4(,3)33P ππ+处的切线为l ,直线l 分别交x 轴、y 轴于点A B 、,O 为坐标原点,则A O B ∆的面积为 .12. 如果圆22(2)(3)4x a y a -+--=上总存在两个点到原点的距离为1,则实数a的取值范围是 .13. 如右图放置的腰长为2的等腰三角形ABC 薄片,2AC B π∠=,沿x 轴滚动,设顶点(,)A x y 的轨迹方程为()y f x =,则()f x 其相邻两个零点间的图像与x 轴 围成的封闭图形的面积为 .14. 定义区间(,],[,),(,),[,]c d c d c d c d 的长度均为d c -,其中d c >.则满足不等式1212111,(0,0)11a a a x a x +≥>>--的x 构成的区间长度之和为 .二、解答题:本大题共6小题,共90分.15.(本小题满分14分)如图,四边形ABC D 为正方形,平面ABC D ⊥平面ABE ,B E B C =,F为C E 的中点,且AE BE ⊥.(1)求证://A E 平面BFD ; (2)求证:BF AC ⊥.16.(本小题满分14分)已知锐角A B C ∆中的三个内角分别为A B C 、、. (1)设BC CA CA AB ⋅=⋅,A ∠=512π,求A B C ∆中B ∠的大小;(2)设向量()2sin ,3s C =-,2(cos 2,2cos 1)2Ct C =-,且s ∥t ,若2sin 3A =,求s i n ()3B π-的值.FEDCBA17.(本小题满分14分)如图,现有一个以AO B ∠为圆心角、湖岸O A 与O B 为半径的扇形湖面AO B .现欲在弧AB 上取不同于A B 、的点C ,用渔网沿着弧A C (弧A C 在扇形AO B 的弧AB 上)、半径O C 和线段C D (其中//C D O A ),在该扇形湖面内隔出两个养殖区域——养殖区域Ⅰ和养殖区域Ⅱ. 若1,,3OA km AOB AOC πθ=∠=∠=.(1) 用θ表示C D 的长度;(2) 求所需渔网长度(即图中弧A C 、半径O C 和线段C D 长度之和)的取值范围.18. (本小题满分16分)已知,a b 为实数,2a >,函数()|ln |a f x x bx =-+,若(1)1,(2)ln 212e f e f =+=-+.(1)求实数,a b ;(2)求函数()f x 在2[1,]e 上的取值范围;(3)若实数c d 、满足,1c d cd ≥=,求()()f c f d +的最小值.、19.(本小题满分16分)已知圆221:1C x y +=,椭圆2222:133xy C +=,四边形PQRS 为椭圆2C 的内接菱形.(1) 若点63(,)22P -,试探求点S(在第一象限的内)的坐标;(2) 若点P 为椭圆上任意一点,试探讨菱形PQRS 与 圆1C 的位置关系.OyxSRQP20.(本小题满分16分)已知数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S 恒为正值,其中121,1(1)a a a a ==-≠,且11()n n n n na a S a a ++-=.(1)求证:数列{}n S 是等比数列;(2)若n a 与2n a +的等差中项为A ,试比较A 与1n a +的大小;(3)若2a =,m 是给定的正整数.先按如下方法构造项数为2m 的数列{}n b :当1,2,,n m= 时,21n m n b b -+=;当1,2,,2n m m m =++ 时,1n n n b a a +=,求数列的前n 项的和nT .第Ⅱ卷(附加题,共40分)21.[选做题]本题包括A 、B 、C 、D 四小题,每小题10分;请选定其中两题,并在相应的答..............题区域内作答....... A .(选修4-1:几何证明选讲)从⊙O 外一点P 向圆引两条切线PA PB 、和割线PC D .从点A 作弦AE 平行于C D ,连结BE 交C D 于F .求证:BE 平分C D .B .(选修4-2:矩阵与变换)设M 是把坐标平面上的点的横坐标伸长到2倍,纵坐标伸长到3 倍的伸压变换. 求逆矩阵1M -以及椭圆22149xy+=在1M-的作用下的新曲线的方程.C .(选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程)已知曲线C 的极坐标方程是4cos()3πρθ=+.以极点为平面直角坐标系的原点,极轴为x 轴的正半轴,建立平面直角坐标系,直线l 的参数方程是:23,2()23,2x tty t⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩为参数,求直线l与曲线C相交弦的弦长.D.(选修4-5:不等式选讲)设x y、均为正实数,且111223x y+=++,求xy的最小值.【必做题】第22题、第23题,每题10分,共计20分.22.如图,一个小球从M处投入,通过管道自上而下落A或B或C.已知小球从每个叉口落入左右两个管道的可能性是相等的.某商家按上述投球方式进行促销活动,若投入的小球落到A B C、、,则分别设为123、、等奖.(1)已知获得1,2,3等奖的折扣率分别为50%,70%,90%.记随机变量ξ为获得k(k=1,2,3)等奖的折扣率,求随机变量ξ的分布列及期望()Eξ;(2)若有3人次(投入l球为l人次)参加促销活动,记随机变量η为获得1等奖或2等奖的人次,求(2)Pη=.23.已知集合2{||1|,}A x x a a x a R =+≤+∈.(1)求A ;(2)若以a 为首项,a 为公比的等比数列前n 项和记为n S ,对于任意的n N +∈,均有n S A ∈,求a 的取值范围.。
2013年高考模拟系列试卷(2)—数学(文)含答案
2013年高考模拟系列试卷(二)数学试题【新课标版】(文科)注意事项:1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上.2.作答时,将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共60分)一、本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的 1、设集合{}243,M x x xx =-≥∈R,{}21,02N y y x x ==-+≤≤,则()RM N ⋂等于( ) A .R B .{}|1x x R x ∈≠且 C .{}1 D .∅ 2、在复平面内,复数2013i i 1iz =+-表示的点所在的象限是( )A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限3、若sin 601233,log cos 60,log tan 30a b c ===,则( )A .a b c >>B .b c a >>C .c b a >>D .b a c >>4、设{}na 是等差数列,13512a a a ++=,则这个数列的前5和等于( ) A .12 B .20 C .36 D .485、已知点()1,0A -和圆222x y +=上一动点P ,动点M 满足2MA AP =,则点M 的轨迹方程是( )A .()2231x y -+=B .223()12x y -+=C .2231()22x y -+= D .223122x y ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭6、命题“存在,αβ∈R ,使22sin()sin()sin sin αβαβαβ+-≥-”的否定为( )A .任意,αβ∈R ,使22sin()sin()sin sin αβαβαβ+-≥- B .任意,αβ∈R ,使22sin()sin()sin sin αβαβαβ+-<- C .存在,αβ∈R ,使22sin()sin()sin sin αβαβαβ+-<- D .存在,αβ∈R ,使22sin()sin()sin sin αβαβαβ+-≤-7、设a b <,函数()()2y x a x b =--的图象可能是( )8、程序框图如下:如果上述程序运行的结果S 的值比2013小,若使输出的S 最大,那么判断框中应填入( ) A .10k ≤ B .10k ≥ C .9k ≤ D .9k ≥9、图为一个空间几何体的三视图,其中俯视图是下边一个等边三角形,其内切圆的半径是1,正视图和侧视图是上边两个图形,数据如图,则此几何体的体积是( )A .1533πB .233πC .33πD .433π10、下列命题正确的是( )A 。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2013届高考解答题及附加题适应性模拟训练(3)15、如图,倾斜角为θ的直线OP 与单位圆在第一象限的部分交于点P ,单位圆与坐标轴交于点(1,0)A -,点(0,1)B -,PA 与y 轴交于点N ,PB 与x 轴交于点M ,设PO xPM yPN =+(x 、y R ∈). (1)用角θ表示点M 、点N 的坐标; (2)求x y +的最小值.(1)设)sin ,(cosθθP ,),,0(t N P 、N 、A 共线,设AP AN λ=,R ∈λ …①,又)0,1(-A ,所以),1(t =,)sin ,1(cos θθ+=,代入①解得θθcos 1sin +=t ,∴)cos 1sin ,0(θθ+N ,同理)0,sin 1cos (θθ+M ;(2)由(1)知)sin ,cos (θθ--=,)sin ,sin 1cos sin ()sin ,cos sin 1cos (θθθθθθθθ-+-=--+=PM , )cos 1cos sin ,cos ()sin cos 1sin ,cos (θθθθθθθθ+--=-+-=,代入y x +=,得y x )cos (sin 1cos sin cos θθθθθ-++-=-,y x θθθθθcos 1cos sin sin sin +-⋅-=-,整理得θθθsin 1)sin 1(sin +=++⋅y x …②,θθθcos 1cos )cos 1(+=⋅++y x …③,②+③解得)4sin(2111cos sin 111cos sin 1cos sin 2πθθθθθθθ+++=+++=++++=+y x ,由点P 在第一象限得20πθ<<,所以y x +的最小值为2.16、2012年第三季度,国家电网决定对城镇居民民用电计费标准做出调整,并根据用电情况将居民分为三类: 第一类的用电区间在(0,170],第二类在(170,260],第三类在(260,)+∞(单位:千瓦时).某小区共有1000户居民,现对他们的用电情况进行调查,得到频率分布直方图如图所示. ⑴ 求该小区居民用电量的中位数与平均数;⑵ 利用分层抽样的方法从该小区内选出10位居民代表,若从该10户居民代表中任选两户居民,求这两户居民用电资费属于不同类型的概率;⑶ 若该小区长期保持着这一用电消耗水平,电力部门为鼓励其节约用电,连续10个月,每个月从该小区居民中随机抽取1户,若取到的是第一类居民,则发放礼品一份,设X 为获奖户数,求X 的数学期望()E X 与方差()D X .图4MDCBAPON MDCBAP(1) 因为在频率分布直方图上,中位数的两边面积相等,可得中位数为155,平均数为1200.005201400.075201600.020201800.00520⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯2000.003202200.00220156.8+⨯⨯+⨯⨯=;(2) 由频率分布直方图可知,采用分层抽样抽取10户居民,其中8户为第一类用户,2户为第二类用户,则从该10户居民中抽取2户居民且这两户居民用电资费不属于同一类型的概率为11822101645C C C =; (3) 由题可知,该小区内第一类用电户占0.8,则每月从该小区内随机抽取1户居民,是第一类居民的概率为0.8,则连续10个月抽取,获奖人数X 的数学期望100.88EX np ==⨯=,方差(1)100.80.2 1.6DX np p =-=⨯⨯=17、如图4,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,底面ABCD 是平行四边形,60BCD ︒∠=,2AB AD =,PD ⊥平面ABCD ,点M 为PC 的中点.(1)求证:PA //平面BMD ; (2)求证:AD ⊥PB ;(3)若2AB PD ==,求点A 到平面BMD 的距离.(本小题主要考查空间线面位置关系、点到平面的距离等知识,考查数形结合、化归与转化的数学思想方法,以及空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算求解能力)(1)证明:连接AC ,AC 与BD 相交于点O ,连接MO ,∵ABCD 是平行四边形,∴O 是AC 的中点 ∵M 为PC 的中点,∴MO AP //. ∵PA ⊄平面BMD ,MO ⊂平面BMD ,∴PA //平面BMD .(2)∵PD ⊥平面ABCD ,AD ⊂平面ABCD ,∴PD ⊥AD .∵60BAD BCD ︒∠=∠=,2AB AD =,∴222260BD AB AD AB AD cos ︒=+-⋅⋅2222AB AD AD =+-22AB AD =-. ∴22AB AD =2BD +.∴AD BD ⊥.∵PD BD D = ,PD ⊂平面PBD ,BD ⊂平面PBD , ∴AD ⊥平面PBD . ∵PB ⊂平面PBD ,∴AD PB ⊥.(3)取CD 的中点N ,连接MN ,则MN PD //且12MN PD =.∵PD ⊥平面ABCD ,2PD =,∴MN ⊥平面ABCD ,1MN =.在Rt PCD ∆中,2CD AB PD ===,1122DM PC ===∵BC AD //,AD PB ⊥,∴BC PB ⊥.在Rt PBC ∆中,12BM PC ==BMD ∆中,BM DM =,O 为BD 的中点,∴MO BD ⊥.Rt ABD ∆中,602BD AB sin ︒=⋅=⨯=在Rt MOB ∆中,MO ==∴12ΔABD S AD BD =⨯⋅=,12ΔMBD S BD MO =⨯⋅=. 设点A 到平面BMD 的距离为h ,∵M ABD A MBD V V --=,∴13MN ⋅⋅13ΔABD S h =⋅⋅ΔMBD S . 即13⨯1⨯13h =⨯⨯,解得5h =. ∴点A 到平面BMD的距离为5. 18、已知两点)0,1(1-F 及)0,1(2F ,点P 在以1F 、2F 为焦点的椭圆C 上,且1PF 、21F F 、2PF 构成等差数列.(1)求椭圆C 的方程;(2)如图7,动直线:l y kx m =+与椭圆C 有且仅有一个公共点,点,M N 是直线l 上的两点,且l M F ⊥1,l N F ⊥2. 求四边形12F MNF 面积S 的最大值.(本题主要考查椭圆的方程与性质、直线方程、直线与椭圆的位置关系等基础知识,考查学生运算能力、推理论证以及分析问题、解决问题的能力,考查分类讨论、数形结合、化归与转化思想.)解:(1)依题意,设椭圆C 的方程为22221x y a b+=,1122PF FF PF 、、构成等差数列,∴112222a PF PF F F =+== 2a =.又1c = ,23b ∴=,∴椭圆C 的方程为22143x y +=. (2) 将直线l 的方程y kx m =+代入椭圆C 的方程223412x y +=中,得01248)34(222=-+++m kmx x k .由直线l 与椭圆C 仅有一个公共点知, 2222644(43)(412)0k m k m ∆=-+-=,化简得2243m k =+,设11d F M ==22d F M ==(法一)当0k ≠时,设直线l 的倾斜角为θ,则12tan d d MN θ-=⨯,12d d MN k-∴=, 22121212221()221m d d d d S d d k k k --=+==+m m m m 1814322+=+-=, 2243m k =+,∴当0k ≠时,3>m ,3343131=+>+m m ,32<S .当0=k 时,四边形12F MNF是矩形,S =以四边形12F MNF 面积S的最大值为(法二)222222212222()2(53)11m k k d d k k +++=+==++,222122233311m k k d d k k -+====++.MN ∴===12F MNF 的面积121()2S MN d d =+)(11212d d k ++=,22221222122)1(1216)2(11++=+++=k k d d d d k S 12)211(41622≤-+-=k .当且仅当0k =时,212,S S ==max S =12F MNF 的面积S的最大值为19、已知函数1)(2++=x bax x f 在点))1(,1(--f 的切线方程为03=++y x . (Ⅰ)求函数()f x 的解析式;(Ⅱ)设x x g ln )(=,求证:)()(x f x g ≥在),1[+∞∈x 上恒成立; (Ⅲ)已知b a <<0,求证:222ln ln b a aa b a b +>--.(Ⅰ)将1-=x 代入切线方程得2-=y ,∴211)1(-=+-=-ab f ,化简得4-=-a b 222)1(2)()1()(x xb ax x a x f +⋅+-+=',12424)(22)1(-===-+=-'b b a b a f ,解得2,2-==b a .∴122)(2+-=x x x f .(Ⅱ)由已知得122ln 2+-≥x x x 在),1[+∞上恒成立,化简22ln )1(2-≥+x x x ,即022ln ln 2≥+-+x x x x 在),1[+∞上恒成立,设22ln ln )(2+-+=x x x x x h ,21ln 2)(-++='xx x x x h ,∵1≥x ,∴21,0ln 2≥+≥xx x x ,即0)(≥'x h ,∴)(x h 在),1[+∞上单调递增,0)1()(=≥h x h ,∴)()(x f x g ≥在),1[+∞∈x 上恒成立;(Ⅲ)∵b a <<0,∴1b a >,由(Ⅱ)知有222ln ()1b ba a a->+,整理得222ln ln b a a a b a b +>--,∴当ba <<0时,222ln ln b a aa b a b +>--.20、已知数列}{n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且21=a ,3)1(1++=+n n S na n n .从}{n a 中抽出部分项,,,,21n k k k a a a ,)(21 <<<<n k k k 组成的数列}{n k a 是等比数列,设该等比数列的公比为q ,其中*1,1N n k ∈=.(1)求2a 的值;(2)当q 取最小时,求}{n k 的通项公式;(3)求n k k k +++ 21的值. (1)令1=n 得321112⋅+=⋅a a ,即3212=-a a ,又21=a 382=⇒a ; (2)由3212=-a a 和⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-+=-++=-+3)1()1(,3)1(11n n S a n n n S na n n n n 32)1(1n a a n na n n n +=--⇒+321=-⇒+n n a a , 所以数列}{n a 是以2为首项,32为公差的等差数列,所以)2(32+=n a n . 解法一:数列}{n a 是正项递增等差数列,故数列}{n k a 的公比1>q ,若22=k ,则由382=a 得3412==a a q ,此时932)34(223=⋅=k a ,由)2(32932+=n 解得*310N n ∉=,所以22>k ,同理32>k ;若42=k ,则由44=a 得2=q ,此时122-⋅=n k n a 组成等比数列,所以)2(32221+=⋅-m n ,2231+=⋅-m n ,对任何正整数n ,只要取2231-⋅=-n m ,即n k a 是数列}{n a 的第2231-⋅-n 项.最小的公比2=q .所以2231-⋅=-n n k .解法二: 数列}{n a 是正项递增等差数列,故数列}{n k a 的公比1>q ,设存在,,,,21n k k k a a a )(21 <<<<n k k k 组成的数列}{n k a 是等比数列,则3122k k k a a a ⋅= 即()()232)2(322)2(32322322+=+⇒+⨯=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+k k k k ,因为1*232>∈k N k k 且、所以22+k 必有因数3,即可设N t t t k ∈≥=+,2,322,当数列}{n k a 的公比q 最小时,即42=k ,2=⇒q 最小的公比2=q .所以2231-⋅=-n n k .(3)由(2)可得从}{n a 中抽出部分项 ,,,,21n k k k a a a )(21 <<<<n k k k 组成的数列}{n k a 是等比数列,其中11=k ,那么}{n k a 的公比是322+=k q ,其中由解法二可得N t t t k ∈≥-=,2,232. )2(32)32(312+=+⋅=-n n k k k a n 2)32(312-+⋅=⇒-n n k k 2)3223(31-+-⋅=⇒-n n t k 231-⋅=⇒-n n t k , N t t ∈≥,2,所以3232)1(31221--⋅=-++++=+++-n t n t t t k k k n n n附加题21、如图,AB 是O 的一条切线,切点为B ,直线ADE 、CFD ,CGE 都是O 的割线,已知AC AB =.(1)求证:AC FG ;的值.(Ⅰ)因为AB 为切线,AE 为割线,2AD AE AB ⋅=,又因为AC AB =,所以2AD AE AC ⋅=,所以AD ACAC AE=,又因为 EAC DAC ∠=∠,所以ADC ∆∽ACE ∆,所以ADC ∠=ACE ∠,又因为ADC ∠=EGF ∠, 所以EGF ACE ∠=∠,所以AC FG //;(Ⅱ)由题意可得:G 、E 、D 、F 四点共圆,CED CFG CDE CGF ∠=∠∠=∠∴,.CGF ∆∴∽ CDE ∆.CG CD GF DE =∴,又 1CG =、4CD =,4DEFG=. 22、在极坐标系Ox 中,O 为极点,点)2,2(πA 、)4,22(πB .(1)求经过O 、A 、B 的圆C 的极坐标方程;(2)以极点为坐标原点,极轴为x 轴的正半轴建立平面直角坐标系,圆D 的参数方程为⎩⎨⎧+-=+-=θθsin 1cos 1a y a x (θ是参数,a 为半径),若圆C 与圆D 相切,求半径a 的值.23、选聘高校毕业生到村任职,是党中央作出的一项重大决策,这对培养社会主义新农村建设带头人、引导高校毕业生面向基层就业创业,具有重大意义.为了响应国家号召,某大学决定从符合条件的6名(其中男生4人,女生2人)报名大学生中选择3人,到某村参加村委会主任应聘考核. (Ⅰ)设所选3人中女生人数为ξ,求ξ的分布列及数学期望; (Ⅱ)在男生甲被选中的情况下,求女生乙也被选中的概率.解(Ⅰ)ξ的所有可能取值为0、1、2,依题意得3436C 1(0)C 5P ξ===,214236C C 3(1)C 5P ξ===,124236C C 1(2)C 5P ξ===.∴ξ的分布列为∴0121555E ξ=⨯+⨯+⨯=. (Ⅱ)设“男生甲被选中”为事件A ,“女生乙被选中”为事件B ,则()2536C 1C 2P A ==,()1436C 1C 5P AB ==,∴()()()25P AB P B A P A ==.故在男生甲被选中的情况下,女生乙也被选中的概率为25. 24、在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,已知点(1,1)A -,P 是动点,且POA ∆的三边所在直线的斜率满足OP OA PA k k k +=.(1)求点P 的轨迹C 的方程;(2)若Q 是轨迹C 上异于点P 的一个点,且()0PQ OA λλ=>,直线OP 与QA 交于点M ,问:是否存在点P 使得PQA ∆和PAM ∆的面积满足2PQA PAM S S ∆∆=? 若存在,求出点P 的坐标;若不存在,说明理由.(1)设点(,)P x y 为所求轨迹上的任意一点,则由OP OA PAk k k +=得1111y y x x -+=-+,整理得轨迹C 的方程为2y x =(0x ≠且1x ≠-).(2)设221122(,),(,),P x x Q x x 由()0PQ OA λλ=> 可知直线//PQ OA ,则PQ OA k k =,故2221211010x x x x --=---,即211x x =--,直线OP 方程为:1y x x =……①;直线QA 的斜率为:2111(1)1211x x x ---=----+,∴直线QA 方程为:11(2)(1)y x x -=--+, 即11(2)1y x x x =-+--…… ②,联立①②得12x =-,∴点M 的横坐标为 定值12-.由2PQA PAM S S ∆∆=,得到2QA AM =,因为//PQ OA ,所以2OP OM =,由2PO OM =,得11x =,∴P 的坐标为(1,1).∴存在点P 满足2PQA PSM S S ∆∆=,P 的坐标为(1,1).。