2018-2019学年江苏省南京市鼓楼区金陵中学高三年级英语第一学期自主测试一(解析版)

2018-2019学年金陵中学高三年级第一学期自主测试一
英语试卷
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power,
______________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.
A. the one that
B. one that
C. one
D. the one
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：考查代词的用法。

one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=" a/" an +n处one="a" product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。

所以排除A、B。

one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。

句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。

故选C。

考点：考查考查代词的用法。

2. It is beyond awkward when everyone around you ______________ laughing at a joke that you do not find funny, especially if it’s a joke told in a foreign language.
A. run into
B. bursts out
C. yells out
D. falls into
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语的词义辨析。

A.run into快速进入，碰撞；B. bursts out 爆发；C. yells out 大声说出来；D. falls into落入，分成。

句意：当你身边的人因一个你不觉得有趣的笑话尤其是用外语来说的笑话而突然爆笑时，你是非常尴尬的。

故选B。

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考点：考查动词短语的词义辨析
3. Faced with economic slowdown, some companies are planning to use robots to ______ human workers to reduce their labor costs.
A. compensate
B. substitute
C. symbolize
D. discriminate
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查动词词义及句意理解。

句意：面对着经济下滑，一些公司计划使用机器人代替人力工人来降低他们的劳动力支出。

A补偿，弥补；B.以…替代； C象征；D. 差别对待，歧视，故B正确。

考点：考查动词词义及句意理解
4. __________ 62% of all luxury consumer sales in Europe in 2015, shoppers from the Chinese mainland spent $7.2 billion overseas during the Spring Festival.
A. Accounting for
B. Adding to
C. Consisting of
D. Making up
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查动词短语辨析。

accounting for表“（在数量、比例上）占”；add to增加；consist of 由……组成；make up组成，补偿；句意：占欧洲2015年奢侈品消费62%的中国大陆消费者春节期间在海外消费了72亿美元。

故选A。

考点：考查动词短语辨析。

【名师点睛】考查非谓语作状语要首先判断句子开头的一个动词前无主语，后无谓语这个动词通常作状语相当于相应的状语从句。

非谓语v-ed作状语，与句子的主语构成被动关系或表动作完成。

如Punished by his father,the boy is very sad.;非谓语V-ing作状语表主动关系和进行时。

如Walking in the room ,he found something strange.如果表将来就用不定式作状语。

5. ---The prices of vegetables are going up madly. It’s really too much for us.
---But for the situation where many vegetable producing areas _____ constant low temperature, things would not be like this.
A. meet with
B. have met with
C. met with
D. had met with
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【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查时态。

句意：--蔬菜的价格疯狂上涨。

对于我们来说太贵了。

--要不是很多生产蔬菜的地区遭遇了不断地低温袭击，事情不会是现在这个样子。

从句意看，生产蔬菜地区遭遇不断地低温，对现在造成很大影响，因此用现在完成时，强调对于现在的影响，故B正确。

考点：考查时态
6. AlphaGo’s beating Go grandmaster Lee Sedol 4-1 has ________ an international debate about whether robots will completely take the place of humans.
A. give off
B. work out
C. set off
D. put out
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以4：1打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人将完全取代人类的国际争论。

A. give off发出；B. work out算出；C. set off动身，引起；D. put out熄灭，故选C。

考点：考查动词短语的用法。

7. The conflict between economic development and environmental protection, if not appropriately _________, can cause disastrous consequences in daily life settings.
A. being managed
B. to manage
C. managed
D. managing
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。

句意：经济发展和环境保护之间的冲突，如果没有正确的处理，在日常生活中造成灾难性的后果。

The conflict和manage之间是被动关系，并不表示正在进行，故选C。

考点：考查非谓语动词
8. —What did she want to know, Tom?
—She wondered we could complete the experiment
A. when was it that
B. it was when that
C. it was when
D. when it was that
【答案】D
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【解析】试题分析：考查强调句与宾语从句连用。

句意：——汤姆，她想知道什么？——她想知道什么时候我们能完成这个实验。

分析句子意思以及选项可知，空格部分为强调特殊疑问词when，且为宾语从句结构，故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间，并且要使用陈述语序，故应选when it was that，故选D项。

考点：考查强调句与宾语从句连用
9. ---Has John ever broken his promise?
---No. For example, he said he would show me around his school, and .
A. so would he
B. so did he
C. so he would
D. so he did
【答案】D
【解析】考查固定句型。

句意：——John违背诺言了吗？——没有，比如他说他领我参观学校，他确实那样做了。

So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语，表示“后者也那样”，So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词，表示“确实是那样”，此处表示确实那样，故选D.
10. According to the school rule, no child be allowed out of the school, unless accompanied by his or her own parents.
A. should
B. must
C. shall
D. can
【答案】C
【解析】考查shall的特殊用法。

句意：根据学校规定，除非有亲生父母陪同，否则不得让任何儿童离开学校。

A.should意为“按理说，应该，竟然”；
B. must意为“必须，偏偏，非要”；
C. shall用于第二和第三人称的陈述句时，有“警告、命令、威胁、允诺”等；
D. can有“可能，可以”之意。

分析语境可知，本句中含有命令或警告的意思，即如果不是亲生父母，谁也不得带走儿童，所以从语气来说，应该选C项。

11. There has been positive reaction to the proposal to help the disabled, the impact will be lasting especially for younger ones.
A. on which
B. on whom
C. of which
D. of whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。

句意：帮助残疾人的建议会产生积极的反响，其中的影响对于青少年来说将会更加持
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久。

分析句子可知，本句的先行词是前面的positive reaction, 而先行词在定语从句中作the impact of的介词宾语，即the impact of the positive reaction, 所以the impact和前面的句子是一种所属关系，即这件事情的影响。

the reaction是先行词，指的是物，要用which。

非限制性定语从句中可以把the +n+of+which提到句首，所以用介词of+which来引导定语从句，故选C
12. To get a slim figure, Fanny has tried many ways, but in vain. So now she is reduced anything for supper.
A. to not eating
B. not to eat
C. not to eating
D. to not eat
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查动名词的否定：句意：--为了有苗条的身材，fanny试了很多方法，但是都是徒劳。

--所以现在她落到晚饭不吃东西的地步了。

这里be reduced to“沦落到…”,中的to是介词，介词后要跟名词或动名词，动名词的否定形式是not doing，所以要选A
考点：考查动名词的否定
13. He switched off the light and was about to leave the classroom and only then____ to rain heavily.
A. it began
B. it begins
C. does it begin
D. did it begin
【答案】D
【解析】考查倒装句。

句意：他关掉灯，正准备离开教室，就在这时，天下起了大雨。

Only修饰的状语放在句首，后面的主句要部分倒装，故选A。

14. ________ individual players, we have a great team but the problem is that they don’t play football together well at all.
A. On top of
B. By means of
C. In terms of
D. In case of
【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。

A. On top of在……之上；B. By means of用，依靠；C. In terms of按照，就……而言；
D. In case of万一，假设。

句意：就队员个人而言，我们有一个很伟大的团队，但问题是踢足球时他们根本不能很好地配合。

故选C。

15. --- The manager of the factory wants to improve production a great deal, but he doesn’t spend much on technology.
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---I am afraid he won’t realize his dream. You know ________.
A. you can’t eat your cake and have it
B. empty vessels make the greatest sound
C. enough is as good as a feast
D. two heads are better than one
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查谚语。

A.鱼和熊掌不能兼得；B.满瓶不动半瓶摇；C.知足常乐；D.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。

句意：——这家工厂的经理想要大量提高产量，但他没把很多钱花在技术上。

——我恐怕他实现不了他的梦想。

你知道：鱼和熊掌，不能兼得。

故A正确。

考点：考查谚语
第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our ___16___. We can work harder than anyone else in the office and still not be ___17___. We can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us ___18___.
The bottom line is that life is not ___19___.
That is a tough ___20___ to swallow for many of us. As a result, some people ___21___ after being hit by even one unfair blow from life. But if we let life’s unfairness ___22___ us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has ___23___ for us.
My first ___24___ marriage felt very unfair to me. No matter how hard I had tried to be a good wife, I could not make the relationship ___25___. I could have been ___26___ by that experience. But I believed that I could be
___27___ married one day ___28___ I always wanted to experience traditional family life. And then, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man.
What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that ___29___ a good outcome, but get ___30___ things in return instead.
When we are faced with li fe’s seeming unfairness, our ___31___ needs to jump in. When life doesn’t go
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___32___ plan, we have to let go of the outcome that we have been ___33___ and keep trying, and doing the right thing. ___34___ that life is neither fair nor straightforward. And by knowing that if we remain confident, we can drive our unfair experiences away and use them for our ___35___.
16. A. reach B. control C. date D. order
17. A. promoted B. paid C. pleased D. proved
18. A. more B. back C. enough D. unconditionally
19. A. easy B. smooth C. fair D. ideal
20. A. feeling B. word C. fact D. pill
21. A. died down B. looked down C. shut down D. settled down
22. A. confuse B. manage C. betray D. defeat
23. A. in charge B. in return C. in place D. in store
24. A. arranged B. failed C. happy D. trial
25. A. work B. start C. end D. worsen
26. A. teased B. discouraged C. hurt D. shocked
27. A. proudly B. casually C. happily D. shortly
28. A. if B. while C. because D. though
29. A. bring B. require C. serve D. deserve
30. A. bad B. inferior C. silly D. cheap
31. A. faith B. courage C. judgement D. effort
32. A. ahead of B. according to C. regardless of D. related to
33. A. achieving B. affecting C. expecting D. declining
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34. A. Accept B. Assume C. Fancy D. Consider
35. A. career B. marriage C. fate D. benefit
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. D 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D
【解析】
本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了如何看待生活中的不公平，当我们遇到生活中的不公平时，作者建议我们要相信自己，并继续做我们应该做的事。

【16题详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：在生活中，我们成功和失败的原因往往是完全超出我们的控制。

out of reach够不着，达不到；out of control无法控制，超出…的控制；out of date过期的；out of order无序地。

根据句意可知，我们无法控制的，故选B项。

【17题详解】
考查动词辨析。

promoted提升，促销；paid付款；pleased使高兴；Proved证明。

分析语境可知，“我们可以比办公室其他任何人都努力工作，仍然没有得到提升”，因此要选A项。

【18题详解】
考查副词。

more更多；back回来； enough足够；unconditionally无条件地。

根据语境可知“我们可以非常好，深爱一个人，他们可能不会像我们爱他们那样爱我们（即把爱还回来）”故选B项。

【19题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

easy 容易的；smooth光滑的，顺利的；fair公平的；ideal理想的，完美的。

根据上文的语境可推断出，我们付出的比回报的多，所以是不公平的（fair），而且第6题下面有“one unfair blow from life. we let life’s unfairness”提示，所以选C项。

【20题详解】
考查名词。

feeling情绪，情感；word话语，单词；fact药丸，事实；pill讨厌鬼，药丸。

根据上文的内容可知，这种不公平对我们许多人来说是一个难以忍受的讨厌鬼（pill）。

故选D项。

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【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

died down减弱，逐渐平息； looked down瞧不起，shut down关闭；settled down停留，定居。

根据上下文的内容可知“结果，一些人甚至被生命中的一个不公平的打击击中而自我封闭”。

shut down本意为“关闭”，此处引申为“自我封闭，故选C项。

【22题详解】
考查动词辨析。

Confuse使迷惑； manage经营，管理； betray背叛；defeat打败第6小题“being hit by even one unfair blow from life”中的被生活中的不平所击败（hit）与defeat是同义词，也是提示。

句意“但是如果我们让生命的不公平打败我们，…”，故选D项。

【23题详解】
考查短语辨析。

in charge掌管，负责； in return作为报答，反过来； in place恰当，合适；in store储存中，就要出现。

根据上下文的语境可知“但是，如果我们让生命的不公平战胜我们，我们将永远不会得到生命即将到来的对我们的美好祝福”，故选D项。

【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

arranged安排好的；failed失败了的，不成功的；happy快乐的；trial试验，审判。

根据下文的内容可知我的“第一次婚姻是失败的”。

故选B项。

【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。

work使产生效果，起作用；start开始，起动；end结束；worsen恶化，更坏。

根据语境可知这是一次失败的婚姻，而且是不公平的，可知“无论我多么努力想成为一个好妻子，我都不能使这种关系运转良好”，因此选A。

【26题详解】
考查动词辨析。

teased取笑，戏弄；discouraged使泄气，阻止；hurt 伤害；shocked使震惊。

根据上文的内容可知无论作者如何努力，都不行，所以说“那样的经历使我灰心丧气。

”故选B项。

【27题详解】
考查副词辨析。

proudly自豪地，骄傲地；casually随意地；happily快乐地；shortly立刻，马上。

根据转折连
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词“but”,可知，作者认为想像可能有一天会有一个快乐的婚姻，故选C项。

【28题详解】
考查连词。

if如果；while当….时候；because因为；though尽管。

根据后面的内容可知，作者遇到了这样一个善良、体贴、慷慨的男人，所以才会觉得有一天可以有这样的婚姻。

分析前后两句，可知这是因果关系，故选C项。

【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。

Bring带来；require 要求；serve 为…服务；deserve值得，应得。

根据文章的内容可知, 作者认为可以做所有值得（deserve）做的事，故选D项。

【30题详解】
考查形容词辨析。

bad坏的；inferior比…次；silly傻的；cheap便宜的。

根据句中的but与instead这两个词，意思与前者是相反的，所以句意是：但反过来，会得到坏的结果，故选A。

【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。

faith信任，相信；courage勇气；judgement判断；effort努力。

根据下文中的remain confident,可知confident与faith是同义的，故选A项。

【32题详解】
考查短语辨析。

ahead of提前；according to根据，按照； regardless of 不管，不论； related to与… 有关。

根据上下文的语境可知，本句的意思是“当我们面对人生看似不公平的时候，我们的信念是需要继续前进。

当生活不按计划进行时，我们不得不放弃期待的结果。

”故选B项。

【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。

achieving达到，完成；affecting影响；expecting期望；declining衰落。

根据语境可知，本句是指“当生活不按计划进行时，我们不得不放弃期待的（expecting）结果，不断尝试”，故选C项。

【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。

accept接受；assume假设；fancy想像；consider考虑。

根据上下文的语境可知，我们要接受（accept）生活中既不是公平的也不是直截了当的，故选A项。

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【35题详解】
考查名词。

career事业；marriage婚姻；fate命运；benefit好处，益处。

根据语境可知，“只有知道如果我们保持信心，我们可以驱除不公平的经历，并利用它们来为我们带来好处”，故选D项。

第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
Parking Information
There is a mix of paid and free parking on Granville Island. Below you will find all relevant information to parking and traffic management.
FREE PARKING STALLS（停车位）
Free parking throughout Granville Island for all motorized vehicles is intended for visitors only. Free parking stalls are available and vehicles are limited to occupy one stall, once per day, and within the maximum posted time limit. When the posted time limit is reached you move your vehicle, or should you require additional parking during the same day, your vehicle must be parked in a pay parking stall.
Free Parking restrictions are strictly enforced from 7 am to 7 pm, 7 days a week.
Once your vehicle is parked, you are not permitted to move to another free stall on Granville Island at any other time through out the day. You may move to any of the pay stalls.
PAID PARKING STALLS
Pay parking restrictions are strictly enforced from 7 am to 7 pm,7 days a week.
Daily Parking
The Daily Pass is valid for 24 hours from the time of purchase. The pass is VOID（无效） if not placed face up with the date and time visible. The pass is VOID if not parked in a pay parking lot.
Weekly Parking
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The Weekly Pass is valid for 7 days from the time of purchase. The pass is VOID if not placed face up with the date and time visible. The pass is VOID if not parked in a pay parking lot.
Monthly Parking
Monthly parking is limited and available on a first come first serve basis and sold starting on the twenty-sixth (26) of every month. Monthly Parking Passes are available at the Granville Island Administration Office from 8:30am-
5:00pm.
A monthly parking pass allows a vehicle to be parked in an appointed parking stall only when it is clearly displayed.
Lost monthly passes cannot be replaced.
36. Visitors to Granville Island can .
A. park their cars for free as long as they wish
B. move their cars to different free stalls
C. pay the parking when the time limit is reached
D. use the same free stall for many times
37. Which of the following is TRUE according to the notice?
A. paid parking pass is valid only when it is clearly displayed.
B. Cars with the Daily Parking Pass can be parked in a free stall.
C. One can buy the Monthly Parking Pass on any day of the month.
D. One can apply for a new Monthly Parking Pass if it is lost.
【答案】36. C 37. A
【解析】
本文为应用说明文。

介绍了格兰维尔岛免费停车和付费停车的有关规定。

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【36题详解】
细节理解题。

根据FREE PARKING STALLS(停车位)部分中的“When the posted time limit is reached，you move your vehicle，or should you require additional parking during the same day，your vehicle must be parked in a pay parking stall本句的句意“当公布的时间限制到了，您需要移动您的车辆，或者如果在同一天您仍然需要停车，您的车辆必须停在收费停车位”，可知，时间到了要收费的，故C项正确。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“The Daily Pass ...is VOID(无效)if not placed face up with the date and time visible.”，第七段中的“The Weekly Pass ...is VOID if not placed face up with the date and time visible.”和倒数第二段“A Monthly Parking Pass allows a vehicle to be parked in an appointed parking stall only when it is clearly displayed.”可知A项正确。

B项文章未提及，故可排除；根据倒数第三段中的“Monthly parking is limited and available on a first come first serve basis and sold starting on the twentysixth(26)of every month.”可知C项错误；根据最后一段“Lost monthly passes cannot be replaced.”可知月卡遗失是不能补办的，所以D项错误。

综合分析可知A项正确。

B
Many of us have wondered what Earth is like beneath the surface. So have writers and scientists. In French novelist Jules Verne’s masterpiece Journey to the Center of the Earth, explorers go down to Earth’s center and discover amazing wonders.
But in real life, human beings haven’t even come close to the planet’s core (核心). The core is over 6,000 km down. The deepest hole ever created, according to the BBC, is the Kola Superdeep Borehole in Russia, which only goes 12.3 km down.
So how do we know about everything down below without any samples?
One good way to start is to think about the Earth’s density (密度), Simon Redfern of the University of Cambridge
in the UK told the BBC.
“The density of the material on Earth’s surface is much lower than the average density of the whole Earth, so that tells us there’s something that has greater density,” Redfern said.
The challenge is to find out which heavy materials the core is made of. And the main material scientists have
found is iron. The idea is that when Earth formed 4.5 billion years ago, a lot of iron made its way down to the core,
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taking up about 80 percent of it. Today scientists are still working on finding out which other materials the core could be made up of.
You might also wonder how we know the size of the co re. There’s a one-word answer: seismology (地震学).
When an earthquake happens, seismic stations around the world record the shockwaves it sends throughout the planet. It’s like hitting one side of the planet with a huge hammer and listening on the other side for the noise.
Early research found that some shockwaves, called “S-waves”, went missing. S-waves can only travel through solid material, but not through liquid, so they must have found something molten in Earth’s center. By following the S-waves’ paths, scientists found out that rocks became liquid around 3,000 km down.
There are still many questions about the Earth’s core to answer. But the study of the dark world below isn’t just for scientists’ curiosity.
The movement of Earth’s molten iron core builds up a powerful magnetic (有磁力的) field. It protects us from radiation from the sun and is needed for compasses and GPS systems to work.
So perhaps none of us will ever set eyes on the core, but it’s good to know it’s there.
38. The author mentions Jules Vern e’s novel Journey to the Center of the Earth in the first paragraph to .
A. discuss the possibility of going down to Earth’s center
B. show how much humans have discovered about Earth
C. paint a picture in our imagination of the dark world below
D. sho w humans’ deep interest in Earth’s center
39. We can learn from the article that “S-waves” .
A. are often used to predict earthquakes
B. cannot travel through liquid material
C. are the most noticeable shockwaves produced by earthquakes
D. can travel most rapidly at 3,000 kilometers below Earth’s surface
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40. We can infer from the last three paragraphs that .
A. research into Earth’s core has hardly made any progress in recent years
B. improvements in GPS systems could help people find out more about Earth
C. Earth’s core helps to protect humans from harm
D. scientists are likely to reach Earth’s center within dozens of years
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. C
【解析】
【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“Many of us have wondered what Earth is like beneath the surface”可知我们中的许多人都对地球感兴趣。

接着说“作家和科学家也是如此。

在法国小说家朱尔斯·凡尔纳的杰作《到地球中心的旅程》中，探险家来到地球中心，发现了惊人的奇迹”，由此可推断出人类对于地球尤其是地球中心有着浓厚的兴趣，分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D项。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第六段“S-waves can only travel through solid material, but not through liquid,”可知，“S波只能通过固体材料传播，但不能通过液体传播”，由此可推断出B项正确。

【40题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后三段可知，在地球中心有熔融的物质这种物质在地球中心周围形成了液体，无法让S 波通过。

这种地球中心的熔融的物质不断运动形成了一个强大的磁场，保护我们免受太阳的辐射。

综合起来就是地球的核心有助于保护人类免受伤害。

分析选项可知C项（地球的核心有助于保护人类免受伤害），故选C项。

C
Whales, seals and walruses stay warm in cold water because they have a thick layer of blubber. We humans rely on something like blubber—neoprene rubber wet suits—to spend time in cold water. But the thick versions for really icy water are heavy and clumsy. So rather than taking after big marine mammals, what if we could learn from the littler
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ones, like beavers and otters?
“These animals are quite small and they can’t carry around a thick layer of blubber. So instead they have fur that is evolved to trap air, and this air provides a layer of insulation for them in water.”
Alice Nasto is a graduate student in mechanical engineering at MIT. Scientists have known about this air-trapping insulation mechanism for a long time, but they had not teased out the details of how it works. So Nasto and her colleagues took on the challenge.
“We’re creating these furry samples from these rubbery materials by laser cutting molds and casting these hairy surfaces. And through our approach we can precisely control the spacing of the hairs and the length of the hairs.”
The researchers then created a system to gather data when their pelts (毛皮) entered and moved through a liquid—in this case not water, but silicone oil, which makes it easier to see air bubbles. The key is to keep the pelt’s air layer intact (完好的).
“So when they’re crossing the air water interface, initially the ir hairy texture is full of air. And then you go into water. How much of the air comes down with you as you’re moving in through the interface. So that’s what this model will tell you.”
They found that the denser the hairs, the more the air gets trapped，which should keep the animal—or potentially the human in a future furry wet suit—warm. The research is in the journal Physical Review Fluids.
“What we would like to work on moving forward is understanding, after you dive into the water, how do you maintain t his air layer trapped in your fur. And there’s lots of interesting properties of the fur in nature that we haven’t yet looked at in our model that could help explain how this mechanism might work.”
So for now, cold-water divers and surfers will still emula te seals or sea lions. But the day may come when they’ll more closely resemble otters or beavers.
41. What can make littler mammals keep warm in cold water?
A. An air-trapping insulation mechanism.
B. A thick layer of blubber.
C. A fur that is evolved to trap air.
D. A neoprene rubber wet suit.
42. Nasto and her colleagues have revealed _______.
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A. the denser the hairs, the more the air can be carried with.
B. the way this air-trapping insulation mechanism works.
C. how the air layer trapped in the fur is maintained in water.
D. the existence of the air-trapping insulation mechanism.
43. The passage is most probably taken from ______________.
A. a newspaper
B. a travel book
C. a medical report
D. a science magazine
44. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Fantastic Layer of Fur
B. An Important Research
C. A Wonderful Mechanism
D. A Graduate’s Challenge
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A
【解析】
本文为说明文。

主要讲述了小型动物在冬天的时候依靠他们薄薄的皮毛，进化成空气滞留的隔热机理的事，说明皮毛层也是很神奇的。

【41题详解】
细节理解题。

根据文章第二段第二句，“So instead they have fur that is evolved to trap air，and this air provides a layer of insulation for them in water…”及第三段第二句“Scientists have known about this air-trapping insulation mechanism for a long time，but they had not teased out the details of how it works．”没有又厚又浓的皮毛保暖，像海狸这样的小动物会有进化成隔绝空气，尤其冷空气的皮，为它们提供了一层隔热层。

而这种空气滞留的隔热机理也正是科学家们所研究的对象。

综合归纳可知，它们的毛皮进化成隔绝空气。

结合选项，选C（一种进化成隔绝冷空气的毛皮）符合题意，故选C项。

【42题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第七段中的They found that the denser the hairs，the more the air gets trapped，…由此可知，Nasto和他的同事们发现毛发越浓密，更多的空气会进入，结合选项，可知选项A符合题意，故选A项。

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【43题详解】
推理判断题。

通读全文可知，本文主要研究的是小型动物是如何在冬日保暖，还涉及到科学家对他们的研究等。

由内容可知属于科普文章，应当来自于科学杂志。

分析选项A. a newspaper报纸；B. a travel book旅游书；C. a medical repor.医学报告；D. a science magazine科学杂志。

可知D项符合题意，故选D项。

【44题详解】
主旨大意题。

根据文章内容．主要讲述了小型动物在冬天的时候依靠他们薄薄的皮毛，进化成空气滞留的隔热机理的事，说明皮毛层也是很神奇的．结合选项可知选A。

D
In creating A.J. Fikry’s ordinary-yet-extraordinary life, the author Gabielle Zevin has thrown every clichés(老生常谈) into the mix. The hero, A.J. Fikry, lost his beloved wife Nic in a road accident. The sales of his bookstore have been decreasing. The enthusiastic new sales representative Amelia won’t stop annoying him with new books. His rare and very valuable first edition has gone missing. But the unexpected arrival of Maya left in his care brings about a series of events with love and hope to his life.
There are few real surprises in the plot and attentive readers will be able to tell where the story is headed. But that
is not the point; the clichés and the predictable plot take n othing away from Zevin’s work The Storied Life of A.J. Fikry because it’s how she tells the story that first charms the readers, then holds their attention, making them read the whole book in a single sitting and finally give the book a long hug when they are finished. This book is a love letter to the joys of reading.
Each chapter begins with the title of a short story or a book and a note from A.J. Fikry describing what he likes about it, essentially introducing each character by what they read. The chara cters are so realistic that it’s hard not to fall in love with all of them: Maya, “the fantastic book-worm,” Amelia, “the giantess” with questionable taste in fashion, Lambiase, the adorable police chief, and A.J. Fikry, the reluctant hero who hates electronic reading devices that will “send centuries of a lively culture into what will surely be a rapid decline.”
The passage of time, race issues, and the bureaucratic argument of children’s services are all put aside in the
telling of this story, not because there’s anything to hide or because reality is not allowed to interfere, but because the author chooses to focus on the important stuff. For example, it focuses on Lambiase who organizes a reading club for policemen at the book store. His original intention is to help promote business, but over the years he becomes a genuine
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book-lover, one who tends to always have simple advice for his cynical(愤世嫉俗的) friend, A.J. Fikry. “Bad timing,” Lambiase claims, “I’ve been a police officer for twenty years now and I’ll tell you pretty much every bad thing in life is a result of bad timing, and every good thing is the result of good timing.”
More than anything else, this novel is not only about the selling of them or the reading of them, but how books and stories become part of our lives, how we find ourselves within what we read and how we carry books with us. It is also about the power of unexpected happiness and always believing that something wonderful is just around the corner. The Late Bloomer is the book within a book which brings together A.J. Fikry and Amelia. It reminds them that life doesn’t follow a set script, things happen when they are meant to happen, and there is no such thing as “too late” for anything. Life is the big picture. Always look at the big pi cture. Enjoy it. Don’t get too concentrated on the details, because it will all be over before you know it. In the long run nobody, not even you, will remember the ordinary details because they are, in the end, quite irrelevant.
A.J. Fikry’s final words of wisdom to teen-aged Maya convey the same feelings in literary terms: “We are not quite novels. We are not quite short stories. In the end, we are collected works. We have read enough to know there are no collections where each story is perfect. Some of us hit. Some miss.”
45. The author’s attitude towards Zevin’s book is _________.
A. supportive
B. critical
C. objective
D. indifferent
46. How many characters of the novel are mentioned in the passage?
A. Four.
B. Five.
C. Six.
D. Seven.
47. The police chief organizing a reading club is mentioned to prove _________ in the novel.
A. there is really nothing to hide
B. reality is not allowed to interfere
C. important stuff has been focused on
D. everything is a result of timing
48. What can be implied in Paragraph 5?
A. The novel underlines happiness will always be around.
B. The novel mainly talks about the marketing of the book.
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