同类词比较

同类词比较
一．no more than /not more than / more than
在数量上进行比较时，no more than = only, 意为“仅仅，只有”；not more than=at most, 意为“至少，不超过”。

例如：
There are no more than ten people in the room. 房间里只有十个人。

I have not more than 20 books.我最多有20本书。

在程度上进行比较时，no more than有“两者都不”之意，表示说话者主观上嫌其少（差、不足、不好）等；not more than含有“不及、不多于”之意。

只反映实际情况，无任何语气。

This book is no more interesting than that one.这本书并不比那本书有趣。

This story is not more interesting than that one.这个故事不如那个故事有趣。

more than: 除了有“多于”的意思外，还有“不只，不仅”的意思。

例如：
He is more than kind. 他不只是仁慈而已。

● A. “More than＋名词”表示“多于……”、“非但……尤其是”如：
1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information.
2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
4) Let's carry out the test with more than the sample copy.
● C. “More than＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
5) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.
6) I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
● D. 在“More...than...”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是…而不是…”如：
7) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real.
8) This book seems to be more a manual than a text.
9) Catherine is more diligent than intelligent.
10) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
● E. “More than”或“More...than...”＋含“can”的分句时表示“否定意”，如：
11) That's more than I can do. 12) Don't bite off more than you can chew.
13) In delivering his lecture, Jason makes sure not to include more things than the students c an understand.
二．
1 nearly,almost虽然都可以表示“几乎”，但是当要表示“接近”或“就要到了”时最好用nearly；当想表达不足”或“尚差一点儿”时最好用almost
2 almost“将近”“几乎”“差不多”，主要指程度上的差别，空间的距离，时间的长短等都相差无几。

但相差程度较小。

3 nearly“几乎”将近“相近”，所指时间一般比almost长，所指距离或相差长度一般比almost大。

4 nearly多用于时间或数字方面,almost在修饰动词，形容词，副词和名词是，常和almost 换用，但和no,none,nothing,never,连用时，只可用almost,不能用nearly。

数名词意思是许多二者均做副词性短语作程度状语。

too much通常位于动词之后，修饰动词，too做much的状语，后面也可接名词。

如：
She does talk too much, doesn’t she? 她确实太唠叨了，是吗？
He works too much. 他工作太辛苦了。

//He has too much work to do. 而much too则常用在形容词或副词
四．far too+adj 太……，非常……too far 太远
五．nearly almost quite之间的差别
nearly 强调的是虽然差一点儿，但是已经十分接近
almost强调的是虽然快接近了，但是就是却那么一丁点儿
quite adv. 相当, 完全, 十分, 彻底
习惯用语He isn't quite . [英口]他不象个正人君子。

not nearly是not at all的意思not nearly 远非, 完全不
not quite 半信半疑; 不完全地; 差不多
my hair's not quite dry. 我的头发还没完全干。

she hasn't quite got the hang of it yet. 她还没完全掌握窍门。

六．good/nice/fine/well区别
1、good 常用来指人的品行好，或事物的质地好，也常用来向别人问好。

Miss Gao is a good teacher. （人好）Your picture is very good. （物好）
Good morng. （问好）
2、fine 身体状况好，天气状况好
— How are you? — Fine, thanks. （身体状况好）It's a fine day today. （天气状况好）另外，fine 也可以用来指人物的品行、事物的质地“特别出色”。

He is a fine boy. （人物的品行）The pen is fine. （事物的质地“特别出色”）
3、nice 指人或物的外观、相貌好，“美好的”、“美妙的”、“漂亮的”。

Lucy looks nice. （人的相貌好）The flowers are very nice. （物的外观好）
Nice to meet you.
4、well 做形容词时，指人的身体好，健康好
— How is your father? — He's very well. well 常做副词，修饰动词用。

He speaks English well.
5、OK 最勤快，有时替fine 站岗，有时替well 值班，表示身体好。

— How are you? — Fine, thanks. And you? — I'm OK.
OK 表示事物的完好无损，人的安然无羔。

— Is it broken? — No, it's OK. — Oh, sorry! Are you OK?
OK 表示赞同别人的观点，“好的”。

— Let's go home. — Ok, let's go.
七．farther further
farther与further都是形容词和副词far的比较级：
far—farther—farthest far—further—furtherst
但是它们在词义和用法上却有不小的区别。

farther一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”：
1. On the farther side of the steet there was a large shop. 在街的那一边有一家大商店。

2. We can't go any farther without a rest. 我们不休息就不能再走了。

farther既可表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”（A），还可表示“更多的”；“另一些”；“进一步的”；“而且”；“此外”等等（B）：
A. 1. There is a cottage on the further side of the hill. 在小山的那一边有一个茅舍。

2. It turned out a further distance than he had imagined. 原来距离比他想象的要远。

3. It's not safe to go any further. 再往远走，就不安全了。

B. 1. Have you any further questions to ask? 你们还有问题要问吗？
2. We intend to stay for a further two months. 我们打算再停留两个月。

3. If you need further information, I suggest you go to the library. 如果你需要进一步的资料，我建议你去图书馆查查。

4. The school will be closed until further notice. 学校将关闭，开学时间另行通知。

5. We'll enquire further into this question tomorrow. 明天我们将进一步调查这个问题。

6. He said that he could not find it and further that nobody would ever find it. 他说他找不到它，而且还说谁也找不到它。

八．older elder
older 泛指新旧、老幼、年龄的大小关系。

而elder 主要用来表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。

he is the oldest boy in our classroom.
His eldest son died last year. 最大的儿子去年去世了。

older 既可以做表语也可以做定语，elder通常做定语；
My elder brother is two years older than I.
九．late, lately, later, latest, latter
te adj./adv.
I. adj.1.迟的
I was ten minutes late. 我迟到了十分钟。

You are three minutes late. 你迟到了三分钟。

2.晚的;晚期的
at a late hour 在很晚的时刻in the late afternoon 在下午较晚的时候，傍晚
in the late sixties 六十年代后期We favour late marriage. 我们提倡晚婚。

We apologize for the late arrival of this train. 我们对本趟列车的晚点表示歉意。

The story happened in the late 19th century. 这件事发生在19世纪末。

It is never too late to mend. [谚语] 改过不嫌晚。

3.已故的;前任的
a late president 一位已故的总统
She was an admirer of the late president. 她钦佩前总统。

4.新近的the late development of science 科学的新发现
5.词组或句型：
1).late (far/deep) into the night 直到深夜
They worked at the empty loom until late (far/deep) into the night 他们在空空的织布机旁工作直到深夜。

2).sit up late 深夜才睡;迟睡He often sits up late. 他经常到深夜才睡。

3).be late for =come late to迟到
He was late for school. = He came late to school. 他上学迟到了。

He is never late for work. 他上班从不迟到。

4).be late with n. (或in doing sth) [(做)某事]晚了
We were late with lunch today. = We were late in having lunch today. 今天我们吃晚饭晚了。

I was late (in) sending my reply to his letter. 他的信我回复晚了。

II. adv.
1.迟
come to work early and leave off late 早上班，迟下班Better late than never. [谚语] 迟做总比不做好。

early and late 从早到晚early or late (=sooner or later) 迟早
2.晚;在晚期
work late into the night 工作至深夜late in autumn 在深秋
He goes to bed late and gets up late. 他常常是早睡早起。

3.新近;最近;不久前
I saw him as late as yesterday. 直到昨天我还看见过他。

tely adv. 最近;近来;不久前
Have you seen them recently?你最近见到过他们吗？
I haven't seen him lately.我最近没有看见过他。

What have you been doing lately?最近你一直在做什么？
He stayed there as lately as October of last year.他在那儿呆到去年十月。

I haven't been sleeping well just recently.我只是在最近才一直睡不好觉。

ter adj./adv.
1.较晚;更晚( late的比较级形式)
The big stores are open later on Thursdays. 每逢星期四大商店开门较晚。

He reached the stations 5 minutes later. 他晚到车站五分钟。

We're going to Rome later in the year. 我们年内晚些时候要去罗马。

2. ……(以)后
a week later 一星期后
Two days later, we proved these facts to be correct.两天以后，我们证明了这些事实是正确的。

3.后来
See you later. 再见！回头见！
Later we learnt that this wasn't true at all. 后来我们了解到这不是真的。

4.词组：
1).later on 今后,以后
Can we talk about it later on?
Much later on, she realized what he had meant. 过了好长时间，她才明白他的意思。

I can't eat all of this --- I'll finish it later on. 我吃不了所有这些---我晚些时候再吃完它。

2).sooner or later 总有一天,迟早John will come sooner or later. 约翰总有一天会来的。

test adj./n
1.adj. 最新的,最近的( late的最高级形式)
the latest news 最新的消息
People want to buy the latest newspaper, and nobody wants to buy yesterday’s.
人们都愿意买最新的报纸,而没有人愿意买昨天的。

They have equipped the office with the latest business machines.
2.n.[C] (the latest) 最新事物;最新消息等
Have you heard the latest? 你得到最新消息了吗？
This is the latest in computer software. 这是最新的电脑软件。

3.词组：
1).at the latest 最迟,至迟
You must finish your work by/on Friday at the latest. 你最晚必须在周五前把工作作完。

You have to return the book by Friday at the latest. 你最晚必须在周五前把书还了。

I should be back by 11 o’clock at the latest.我最迟11点回来。

tter adj./n.
I. adj.
1.后面的;后半的;后期的;末了的the latter half of the month 后半月,下半月
the latter part of the year 一年中的后一段时期This latter point was of great importance. 后面这点极为重要。

Celebrations are planned for the latter part of November. 庆祝活动计划于11月下旬举行。

2.(两者中)后者的
Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。

Of the two the latter is far better than the former. 两者中后者比前者好得多。

The latter point is the most important. 后面提及的那一点是最重要的。

Of the two songs we heard, I like the latter one better. 我们听的那两首歌里，我更喜欢后面的那首。

3.最近的;现今的
in these latter days 在最近的这些日子里
His health has been deteriorating in these latter years. 最近几年他的健康越来越差。

II．n.[C] (the latter) (所提及的人或事物中的)后一个;第二个
The system brings both financial and environmental benefits, the latter being especially welcome.
该制度对财政和环境都有益处，后者尤其受欢迎。

辨析：later 和latter
later 是late 的比较级形式，意为“后来的（地）”,通常用在表示时间单位的词组后,表示“……以后”的意思,此外还通常用在一些习语中。

例如：
He reached the stations 5 minutes later. 他晚到车站五分钟。

Two days later, we proved these facts to be correct.两天以后,我们证明了这些事实是正确的。

sooner or later 总有一天,迟早later on 今后,以后
latter 是一个原级形容词，主要有三种意义：
1).表示“后面的，后半的，末了的”之意；
2).与定冠词the连用，表示“后者”，与the former相对；
3).“最近的，现今的”。

例如：
the latter half of the month 后半月,下半月the latter part of the year一年中后一段时期Of the two the latter is far better than the former. 两者中后者比前者好得多。

He has been at home in these latter days. 在最近的这些日子里,他一直呆在家里。

十．already；yet；still
already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”。

有时already用于疑问句中表示惊讶、怀疑等语气。

如：
I have finished reading the book already．我已经读完这本书了。

Have you finished reading the book already？你真的已经读完这本书了？（表示惊讶）yet一般用在疑问句或否定句中：在疑问句中意为“已经”，在否定句中意为“还”，通常放在句末。

如：
—Have you found the book yet？你已经找到那本书了吗？—Not yet．还没找到。

She hasn't finished her homework yet．她还没有做完作业。

still意为“仍然；还”，表示某事正在进行中，可用于各种句式，一般只位于句子中间。

如：
They are still working in the field．他们仍在地里劳动。

Do you still teach in that school？你还在那所学校教书吗？
Mr Wang still hasn't come back．王先生还没有回来
十一。

too, as well, also, either
◇too 和as well通常用于肯定句或疑问句，不用于否定句，且通常放在句末。

I like you too /as well. 我也喜欢你。

Are they coming too/ as well? 他们也来吗?
He speaks English. But he knows French and German as well. 他说英语，但他也懂法语和德语。

☆特别提醒：过去有一种说法，即 too前常用逗号与前句隔开，但现行牛津教材里too前无逗号也常见，即too前有无
逗号都可。

as well前一般无逗号，too有时可以紧接在主语后面，但其前后都用逗号与句子隔开。

该用法少见于初中
教材，了解即可。

I, too，will help you. 我也要帮助你。

〖相关短语〗Me too. 我也一样。

----I want to eat an apple. ----Me too. 我想吃个苹果。

我也想吃。

----I’m tired. ----Me too. 我累了。

我也是。

◇also只用于肯定句和疑问句，位置在be动词和情态动词后，实意动词前。

Lucy is listening to the radio, Lily is also listening.
Can he also swim? 他也会游泳吗？
His wife went abroad last year and he will also go abroad.他妻子去年出国，他也要出国。

She is young and beautiful，and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。

◇also 有时用于句首(其后通常有逗号)，相当于连词and。

该用法在完形填空题型中多次出现。

Also, his mother was dead. 再说，他母亲又过世了。

☆特别提醒：also与情态动词can连用，必须放在can的后面，相当多的初中生容易在此犯错。

I can also play the guitar.
◇either只用于否定句，且要放在句末。

I don’t know, eith er. 我也不知道。

He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。

I don’t watch TV, either. 我也没看电视。

He won’t go, either. 他也不会去。

☆特别提醒：在表示建议的否定句中，他的实际意义只是一种建议，并不表示真正的否定意义，所以只能用too，而不用either。

Why not ask your brother to go to the cinema，too?为什么不叫你弟弟也去看电影？
◇also，too，as well在一定情况下可相互转换。

他既会说法语，也会说英语。

He speaks French, and English as well.
= He speaks French, and he speaks English，too.
= He speaks French, and he also speaks English.
十二。

rather和fairly
rather可以和比较级形容词或者too连用，fairly则不行。

例如：
My brother is rather better today．我兄弟今天好多了。

This book is rather too difficult for the juniors and rather too easy for the seniors．这本书对低年级学生太难对高年级学生又太容易。

在上述各句子中fairly都不能用。

另外，fairly和rather还有以下区别：
1．fairly表示对事物的赞赏，有令人喜悦之感，含褒义，一般修饰表示“好”的形容词或副词，如：nice, good, well, bravely等；而rather往往表示对事物的不赞赏，有令人不悦之感，含贬义，修饰表示“不好”的形容词或副词，如：bad, ugly, stupid等，例如：It’s fairly warm today.（今天真暖和）It’s rather cold yesterday.（昨天实在冷）
You did fairly well, but he did rather badly.
有时rather 也跟表示“好”的形容词或副词连用，这时等于very。

2．fairly与rather修饰中义词时，表示说话人的不同感受或看法。

试比较：
It’s a fairly easy book.（这本书还算容易）It’s a rather easy book.（这本书太浅了
十三。

Deep deeply
deep作形容词时表示深的,如:The hole is deep.这坑很深．
deep作副词时表示深深地，是具象的，具体的，如：
The ship sank deep into the sea. 船深深地沉入了海底．
deeply是副词，译为深深地,浓浓地,粗粗地，是抽象的，一般用于情感或思想方面，如：He cares for her deeply. 他深深地爱著她.
两者均可表示“深”、“深深地”，修饰具体的动作, 有时可互换：
The doctor asked me to breathe deep [deeply]. 医生叫我做深呼吸。

修饰静止状态、介词短语或表示深夜等，通常用deep(偶尔也用deeply)：
He sat there deep in thought. 他坐在那儿深思。

The meeting continued deep into the night. 会议一直开到深夜。

Karen and Dave are deeply in love with each other. 凯伦与戴夫俩人深深地相爱着。

修饰带有感情色彩的动词(如hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret 等)，通常要用deeply，另外，修饰形容词、过去分词等，一般也要用deeply：
He deeply hates fish. 他很不喜欢吃鱼。

We deeply regret your misfortune. 我们对你的不幸深表遗憾。

I am deeply grateful to you. 我衷心感谢你。

He was deeply moved by [at] the story. 听了这个故事，他深受感动
十四。

High highly
两者均可表示“高”，但high通常表示具体的高，且主要修饰动词；highly 主要表示很高的程度(意为“高度地”、“非常地”)，除修饰动词(如speak, praise, think of等)外，还通常用于修饰分词或形容词(尤其是那些由动词派生而来的形容词, 有时相当于very much)。

如：
He climbed high. 他爬得很高。

He speaks very highly of you. 他十分赞赏你。

His report is highly scientific. 他的报告是很科学的。

She is a highly educated woman. 她是受过很高教育的女人。

The Chinese ate a highly civilized people. 中国人是有高度文明的人。

At this news they were highly indignant. 听了这消息他们非常愤怒。

The diesel engine is highly efficient. 这台柴油机效率很高。

It was highly confidential. 这是高度机密的。

It’s highly likely that he will succeed. 很可能他会成功。

They thought very highly of him. 他们对他评价很高。