高考连词和状语从句专题训练

连词和状语从句
【专题眺望】
知能目标：
①状语从句中从属连词的正确使用。

②主从句动词时态的一致性。

③状语从句中的省略现象。

④状语从句与其他从句、非谓语动词作状语之间结构上的区别和相互转换。

命题规律：
状语从句在单项选择中的比重有所增大。

侧重考查状语从句中的连词的选用，尤其是一些较特殊的连词、连词词组的含义和用法，如in case, on condition that, the moment, however等，主从句的时态呼应也是考查的重点。

【连词】
1. 并列连词（连接两个相互平行的词、短语或句子）
1）表示并列关系
用来表示并列关系的连词有如下几个：and, both…and…, not only … but also…, neither … or ….
①and作并列连词主要表示并列关系。

Falling in love is one thing and getting married is another.
②both … and … 后跟相同结构的两个部分，这种结构可以是单个单词，也可以是短语。

Both New York and London have traffic problems.
We are going to fly both to Chicago and to Miami.
③not only…but also…的结构重心在于后者。

We ought to respect not only our own liberty, but (also) that of others.
He not only studies hard but also works well.
a. not only…but also…的结构引导并列分句时，not only 常置于句首，不过此时not only引导的句子
要采用部分倒装结构，需将助动词提到主语前面去。

Not only can Jane play the piano wonderfully, but she can (also) dance very well.
Not only do I respect my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectations.
b. not only…but also…与as well as进行相互转换时应注意：not only…but also…的结构重心在于后者，
而as well as 的重点在于前者。

Mark is not only healthy but also lively.
= Mark is lively as well as healthy.
④Neither…nor…的意思是“两者都不”
Neither you nor anyone else believes the story.
I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.
both…and…not…与neith er…nor…的区别在于前者是部分否定而后者是全部否定。

Both you and I are not correct.（你和我不全正确。

）
Neither you nor I am correct. （你和我都不正确。

）
2）表转折关系
表示转折关系的并列连词常用的有：but, yet, still, while, whereas.
He is good composer, but he has taught me nothing.
My brother likes basketball while I like football.
The problem was a litter hard, (and/but) yet I was able to work it out.
I explained twice; still he couldn’t understand.
while/whereas表示转折关系时，连接的内容往往要用对称的结构，表示前后形成鲜明的对比。

I love strong tea while my father loves coffee.
3）表示选择关系
表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, either…or…, or else, not…but…, otherwise.
Either his parents or he is going to Hong Kong.
Seize the chance, otherwise/or(else) you will regret.
4）表示因果关系
表示因果关系的并列连词主要有so, for, therefore等。

I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morn ing.
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it’s already autumn.
2. 从属连词（引导从句的连词，一般用于状语从句中）
【知识结构】
1）时间状语从句
时间状语从句的引导词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, once, as soon as, hardly…
when…, no sooner… than, the moment, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等。

①when引导的时间状语从句
a. when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当…时”，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。

When you are crossing the street, you must be careful.
I was sleeping when someone knocked at the door.
b. when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以用延续性的动词，也可以用终止性的动词。

He was working at the table when I came in.
I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai.
②while引导的时间状语从句
while引导的时间状语从句，常意为“与…同时；在…期间”，while引导的从句常用延续性动词或状态动词。

They rushed in while we were discussing the problem.
We must strike while the iron is hot.
③as引导的时间状语从句
as引导的时间状语从句，意为“正当；一边…一边；随着”等意思。

I heard the murmur of their voices as I crossed the hall.
As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks.
④before引导的时间状语从句，意为“在…之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.
It is some time before …这个句型表示“在…之前就有一段时间了”。

It will still be a long time before he comes back.
⑤after引导的时间状语从句
after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在…之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

He called me after he had finished his work.
⑥since引导的时间状语从句
since引导的时间状语从句，意为“自从…”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。

He has worked in this city since he graduated from the college.
Since it begun in 1951, we have given awards to films from all around the world.
a. It is/has been some time since …这个句型表示“自从以来…有多长时间了”。

since与短暂性动词
连用时，表示动作的开始，since与延续性动词连用表示该动作或状态的结束，翻译时通常译成该动词的反义词。

e.g. It is/has been six years since she graduated from the university.
It is five years since I lived in Nanchang. (自从我不住在南昌以来已经5年了。

)
It is five years since I began to live in Nanchang. (自从我住在南昌以来已经5年了。

)
It is three weeks since he was ill. 他的病已经好了三周了。

It is three weeks since he fell ill. 他已经病了三周了。

b. since作介词时，后接时间点，不接时间段，since还可作副词用。

He has been writing the book since five years. (×)
He has been writing the book since five years ago. (√)
He has been writing the book since he retired. (√)
He has been writing the book for five years. (√)
He has been writing the book (ever) since (then). (√)
⑦until/till引导的时间状语从句, 意为“直到…时”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

I’ll stay here until you come back.
He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework.
此两个连词意义相同。

肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。

否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。

动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。

肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。

否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

a. Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

b. Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。

--- Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

否定句可用另外两种句式表示。

a. Not unt il …在句首，主句用倒装。

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

b. It is not until… that… 强调句
It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
⑧as soon as引导的时间状语从句
as soon as引导的时间状语从句，意为“一…就…”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。

As soon as I heard the news, he jumped with joy.
⑨once引导的时间状语从句
once引导的时间状语从句, 意为“一旦…就”，暗含条件意味。

Physics is easy to learn once you understand the rules.
⑩其它连词引导的时间状语从句
a. the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time,
next time, any time, the first time等也可引导时间状语从句。

The moment he reached the country, he started his search.
I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her.
b. immediately, instantly, directly等也可引导时间状语从句。

I’ll give you an answer immediately I’ve finished reading your file.
Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.
c. no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…引导表示时间的句子，意为“刚…就…”（还没
来得及就…）。

主句在前面，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

如果否定词置于句首，主句可用倒装结构。

如：
No sooner had I begun to talk when he rang off.
Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening.
复习要点：
a) 注意时间状语从句中，一般要用现在时态代替将来时态。

b) 连词until的用法
c) when可连接并列句，意思为“就在那时”。

eg. Jasmine was holidaying in a wildlife park when she was bitten by on the leg by a bear.
d) while可连接并列句，意思为“而......”。

eg. The southerners eat rice while the northerners like noodles.
辨析：when, while, as的辨析
a. when引导的从句可以用延续性的动词，也可用短暂性的动词，而while和as引导的从句只能用延续
性的动词。

Sorry. I was out when you called me.
It began to rain while we were walking in the park.
b. while和as引导的从句的谓语动词所表示的动作通常与主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而
when引导的从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句之前或之后，也可同时发生。

When/while/ as we are dancing, a stranger came in.
When I got to the station, the train had left.
When I had finished my homework, he took a short rest.
c. 强调主从句的动作同时进行，从句的时间概念淡化，主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件，意为“随
着”，这时只能用as.
As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.
2）原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的常用连词有because, as, since, now that, in that, for the reason that, considering(that), if/ when等。

原因状语从句可位于句首，也可置于句尾。

①because引导的原因状语从句
表示的因果关系最强，回答why提问的问句，because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更为重要。

I’m leaving because I’m fed up with the boss.
Because we have strong players, we won the game.
②since引导的原因状语从句
表示已知的事实，不强调的原因，常译为“既然”，通常置于句首，since引导的从句是次要的，重点强调的是主句的内容。

Since Monday is Bob’s birthday, let’s give him a party.
③as引导的原因状语从句
as与since的用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需用because来强调。

As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.
④其它连词引导的原因状语从句
now that, seeing that, for the reason that, in that等也可引导时间状语从句。

Now that you have come, you may as well stay.
Seeing (that) he is inexperienced, he is not fit for the job.
I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.
I like the city, but I prefer the country in that there’s fresher air.
在回答用Why提问的句子和强调句型（It is ... that）时，一般只用because，因为在这些连词中，because 最强调原因，而since, as, now that以及并列连词for所讲的原因，要么是双方都已经知道的原因，要么并不是直接原因。

辨析：because, since, as, for
a. because是从属连词，意为“因为”，表示造成某种情况的直接原因，语气最强，常用来回答why引
导的问句。

--- Why didn’t you come to my birthday party?
--- Because I was too busy.
b. since, as往往表示众所周知的原因，常译为“既然，由于”。

since从句通常位于主句之前，其语气
比as稍强。

Since you come, wait for more time please.
c. as表示原因时，语气比because和as都弱，引导的从句位于主句前后均可。

As she has no car, she can’t get there easily.
d. for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面的分句加以解释或表示推断的原因，多用于书面语中。

I stopped to rest, for I was very tired.
The days are short, for it is now December.
3）让步状语从句
让步状语从句的连接词有al)though, as, while, even if/though, however, whatever, no matter…, w hether… or等。

①though与although的用法
although和though意义一样，都作“虽然、即使”解，一般情况下可以互换使用，although的语气
较重，大多置于句首；though/although引导的让步从句时，主句若用yet或still引出，更强调对比性，但不可出现but.
Although he was Japanese, he spent most of his life in China.
Though it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是个苦差事，我喜欢。

表示“然而”时是副词（用在句尾），用逗号隔开：
e.g. He promised to phone. I heard nothing, though. 他答应打电话的，然而我什么也没听到。

②even though/even if引导的让步状语从句
两个短语表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使”。

She insisted on her own opinion even though/even if she was wrong.
③as引导的让步状语从句
as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语，状语，或动词原形。

倒装时若带有冠词的名词，冠词需要省去。

其词序为：adj./adv./n. /v.+ as +S + V
eg.: Child as/though he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.
Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress.
Try as you may, you can’t succeed without others’ help.
④wheth er…or…/ whether…or not引导的让步状语从句
whether…or…/ whether…or not引导的让步状语从句, 意为“不论…是否；不管是…还是…”.
You’ll have to attend the meeting whether you’re free or not.
Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.
be＋主语＋or连接的两个表语。

这个句型相当于whether…or…引导的让步从句。

e.g. Be it cheap or dear, I will take it. = Whether it is cheap or dear, I will take it.
⑤wh-ever引导的让步状语从句
在英语中wh-ever引导的让步状语从句，时常可以换成“no matter + 相应的wh-词”。

Whatever happened, he would not mind.
= No matter what happened, he would not mind.
I’ll wait for you however late it is.
= I’ll wait for you no matter how late it is.
“no matter+疑问词”的结构只能引导让步状语从句，而wh-ever类词还可以引导名词性从句。

Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you.
I’ll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me.
Whoever (≠No matter who) comes will be welcome.
4）条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的常用词有if, unless, as/so long as, in case, on condition that等。

条件状语从句可以置于句首，也可以置于句末，有时还可放在主语和谓语之间。

a. if引导的条件状语从句
if是引导的条件状语从句最常见的连词，意为“如果”。

If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
b. unless引导的条件状语从句
unless引导的条件状语从句，意为“除非，如果不…”。

Unless it rains, the game will be played.
He will not phone me, unless something unexpected happens.
c. as/so long as, on condition(that)引导的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。

You can go out, as long as/so long as/ on condition that you promise to be back before 11 o’clock. d. 条件状语从句中一般要用现在时态来代替将来时态。

e. 条件状语从句经常可以用“祈使句+ and/ or...”来转换。

eg.: If you listen carefully, there won’t be any difficult points for you.
→ Listen carefully, and there won’t be any difficult points for you.
除了真实条件句之外，还有虚拟条件句，从句中的条件和结果都与事实相反。

虚拟条件句的主要形式
见下表：
5） 地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的常用词有where, wherever 等, 地点状语从句可以置于句首，句中或句末。

Where he made mistakes, he admitted these willingly.
I’ll pick you up where you get off the bus.
Wherever he went he carried a notebook around with him, in which he wrote down his ideas. 地点状语从句和定语从句的区别
eg.: Go back where you came from.
Go back to the place where you came from.
6） 目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的常用词有that, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case(that), lest 等, 地点状语从句可以置于句首，句中或句末。

a. in order that, so that 引导目的状语从句
in order that 常用语正式文体，可置于句首，也可置于句尾；而so that 往往只置于句尾，但也有置于句首的，so that 短语中有时可省略that.
He is keeping quiet that he may not disturb his father.
We climbed high so (that) we might get a better view.
The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
b. for fear that, in case(that), lest 引导目的状语从句
for fear (that)表示目的时，意为“唯恐，以防”；in case 意为“目的是，以防，以免，以防有某种情况发生”；lest 意为“以防”
Take the umbrella with you lest/in case it should rain.
We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face, for fear that there should
be any misunderstanding.
that 与
so that 可以引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句，要区别这两种从句，只要看从句中的动词，
因为在目的状语从句中，一般要用can, could, may, might 等助动词，而结果状语从句中则不用。

7） 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的常用词有so that, so… that, such… that, so 等, 地点状语从句一般置于句末。

a. so that 引导结果状语从句
We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull city.
She is ill so that she can ’t get out of bed.
b. so… that 引导结果状语从句
形容词/副词
many/few+复数的可数名词
much/little+不可数名词 形容词+a/an+可数名词的单数
Kathy is so lovely that we all like to play with her.
Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cell phone home.
There is so little time left that we have to speed up.
Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.
c. such… that引导结果状语从句
a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
such+ 形容词+复数的可数名词+ (that)+从句
形容词+不可数名词
Kathy is such a lovely girl that we all like to play with her.
These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.
We had such terrible weather that we couldn’t finish the work on time.
8) 比较状语从句
A) 连词：as... as, not as/so... as, than；the more ..., the more...。

B) 用比较级句型的时候，比较的对象必须是同类事物。

在汉语中，我们常看到“上海的天气比北京热”，
这样的句子，但在做翻译的时候就要注意，必须是同类作比较：
The weather in Shanghai is warmer than that in Beijing.
试翻译：他的手比我大。

what/as也可引导对称或对比关系的状语从句。

Food is to men what/as oil is to machines.
C) 在比较级形容词和副词前，还可以用一些副词或短语修饰，如：much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit,
rather, slightly, *many等。

eg. Your argument is far more persuasive than his.
这些修饰语中的many只用在more +可数名词之前，表“多得多”之意，如many more students。

而要表示“多得多”的不可数的东西，则要用much more，如much more milk。

还可以用“倍数（如three times）”，“数词+量词（如two degrees或five hours等）”
e.g.: Mongolia is three times larger than France.
在as...as，not as/so...as的句型中，我们也可以加上“倍数”“分数”“百分数”等词。

eg. Tibet is twice as large as Texas. (= Tibet is twice the size of Texas).
My handwriting is not half so good as yours.
9) 方式状语从句
A) 连词：as, just as......so, as if, as though。

eg. The professor told his students to do as he did.
Just as one gesture can have many different meanings, so many different gestures can have the same meaning.
He talked as if/as though he had a potato in his mouth.
B) 用as if或as though的句子，经常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，动词的用法是：从句动词的动作或
状态与主句动词同时发生时，用过去时态，从句动词的动作或状态发生在主句动词之前，用过去完成时态。

有时也用陈述语气，表示所说的情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。

He looks as if/as though he had been hit by lightning.
He looks as if/as though the weather may pick up very soon.
【重难点透析】
1.时态呼应注意点
①状语从句用一般现在时表将来、用现在完成时表示将来完成时。

如：
She will get married when she meets the right man.
We won't climb up the mountain until rain has stopped.
2. before的翻译较灵活，现将其译法归纳如下
①“在以前”，这时主句的动作发生在前，从句的动作在后
Before I go to the cinema, I must finish my homework. 我必须在去看电影之前做完作业。

②“（后）才”，此时强调从句动作发生得晚或慢，主句的动作延续时间较长
We had sailed for two days before we saw land. 我们航行了两天才看见陆地。

③“就；便；快”，此时主句中的谓语动词为否定形式
It was not long before the Swiss rose up and drove the Austrian soldiers out of their country.
不久，瑞士人就举行起义，把奥地利人赶出了他们的家园。

④“未就；还没来得及就”，强调从句动作发生之前主句动作已经发生
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没来得及冲进屋子去救他的孩子，房顶就塌下来了。

⑤“趁着”
I must write it down before I forget it. 趁我还没忘记，我得把它写下来。

⑥在某些习语中还可译成“先…（然）后；先…再”。

如：
Think before you leap. 三思而后行。

3. 状语从句的省略情况如下
一般来说，省略现象出现于五种状语从句中：
①when, while, as, before, after, till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句
②if, unless, whether等引导的条件状语从句
③though, although, even if, whatever等引导的让步状语从句
④as, than引导的比较状语从句
⑤as, as if, as though引导的方式状语从句
遵循的原则
当从句与主句的主语或宾语一致，且从句谓语为be时，可将从句主语及be省略。

当从句的主语是it，且从句谓语含有be时，可将it及be省略。

当so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not句式
常见的结构
连词(as, as if, once)+名词
连词(though, whether, when)+形容词
连词(whether, as if, while)+介词短语
连词(when, while, though)+现在分词
连词(when, if, even if, unless, once, until, than, as)+过去分词
连词(as if, as though)+不定式
e.g. Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.
Work hard when (you are) young, or you’ll regret.
He looked everywhere as if (he was) in search of something.
While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.
The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.
He opened his lips as if (he were) to speak.
Her father told her to be careful when (she was) crossing the street.
Unless (it is) necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.
Get up early tomorrow. If not (= If you don’t get up early), you will miss the first bus.
He may not be at home then, if so (= if he is not at home), leave him a note.
4．从属连词的多义性
【探究小课堂】
探究主题如何掌握部分从属连词的多义性
探究材料Why do you want a new job ______ you've got such a good one already?
A . that
B . where
C . which
D . when
探究导航正确答案是D。

此题考查的是从属连词when 的用法。

但是通过题干意义可知，这里的when 并不是我们平时常用的意义“当……的时候”，而是“既然”的意思，相当于“since”。

其实从属连词中有不少象when 这样的词，具有多义性。

本文就这一问题作一归纳。

一、when
1 . 表示时间，意思是“当……的时候”。

例如：
The fire was put out when they came. 他们来到的时候，大火已经被扑灭了。

2 . 表示条件，意思是“如果……，要是……”例如：
When the weather is good, I usually go to the country.
Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
3 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。

例如：
How can he succeed when he won't work?
Why do we take the flag down at night, when we just have to put it up again in the morning?
4 . 表示让步，意思是“虽然，然而，可是”。

例如：
He walks when he might ride .
We have only three chairs when we need five .
二、while
1 . 表示时间，意思是“当……的时候”，“和……同时”。

例如：
We waited while he dined .
Please be quiet while I am talking to you .
2 . 表示让步，意思是“虽然，尽管”。

例如：
While I understand what you say , I can't agree with you .
While he is respected , he is not liked .
3 . 表示对比，意思是“而，然而”。

例如：
She is very diligent , while he is very lazy .
You like sports , while I'd rather read .
三、If
1 . 表示条件或假设，意思是“如果，假如”。

例如：
We'll stay at home if it rains tomorrow .
If I were you , I would not go .
2 . 表示让步，意思是“虽然，即使”。

例如：
I will go if I die for it .
If I am wrong , you come wrong , too .
3 . 表示时间，意思是“无论何时，当……”，相当于whenever。

例如：
If I do not understand what he says , I always ask him .
If winter comes , can spring be far behind?
4 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。

例如：
If you don't like the job , why don't you change it?
四、as long as , so long as
1 . 表示时间，意思是“达……之久”。

例如：
You can keep the book as long as you like .
During the holidays , I like to stay in the countryside as long as I can .
2 . 表示条件，意思是“只要”。

例如：
As long as you tell truth , I'll try to help you .
You may take this book away so long as you return it on time .
3 . 表示原因，意思是“既然，由于，因为”。

例如：
So long as the weather is changeable these days , we'd better get in wheat in time .
So long as you are going to town tomorrow , you can do something for me .
五、since
1 . 表示时间，意思是“自从……以来”。

例如：
I haven't heard from him since he left .
It is ten years since he joined the army .
2 . 表示原因，意思是“既然”。

例如：
Since this method doesn't work , let's try another .
六、so... that与such... that的不同用法。

eg. He is such a clever boy/so clever a boy that he can solve these problems very fast.
There are so many people here that we don’t have enough seats for them.
七、so that
1 . 表示目的，意思是“以便，为了”。

例如：
They started off early so that they could get there in time .
The student worked hard so that he might learn more .
2 . 表示结果，意思是“因此，结果是”。

例如：
I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat .
He spoke clearly , so that everyone heard .
【经典例题点评】
[例1] （2003春招）---- Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
---- Yes. He had never praised him ____ he became one of the top student in his grade.
A. after
B. unless
C. until
D. when
命题意图考查复合句中状语从句与主句的逻辑关系。

解题思路根据句意“父亲对他很严格，直到他成为年级里最好的学生是才表扬他”，选项中的四个连词只有until符合题意，引导的是个时间状语从句。

unless相当于if not“除非；如果不”，引导条件状语从句
正确答案 C
技巧点拨要熟练掌握连词的基本含义和用法。

举一反三
1. （2004四川）______ you call me to say you' re not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.
A. Though
B. Whether
C. Until
D. Unless
2. I would appreciate it ______ you call back this af ternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A. until
B. if
C. when
D. that
3. The company has a free long-distance telephone number ______ customers may call with any question they have about in its products.
A. so that
B. although
C. as
D. even if
[例2] （2004上海）Although he has lived with us for years, he ________ us much impression.
A. hadn't left
B. didn't leave
C. doesn't leave
D. hasn't left
命题意图考查主从句中的时态。

解题思路上文中的完成时，对下文是暗示：尽管和我们已经一块住了多年，但是他还是没给我们留下什么印象。

正确答案D
技巧点拨主从句的时态要前后呼应。

举一反三
4. ---- Put these glasses away before they ______. ---- OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard.
A. have broken
B. are breaking
C. get broken
D. will be broken
5. If you had told me about your problem, I _____ able to help you.
A. may be
B. might be
C. may have been
D. might have been
6. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness _______ .
A. has grown
B. is growing
C. grew
D. had grown
[例3] （2004上海）________, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the story is amusing B No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
命题意图考查让步状语从句中的语序。

解题思路however （No matter how）引导状语从句，从句中语序与感叹句相同。

No matter后面要先加上疑问词。

正确答案C
技巧点拨从句中（除非倒装句）都用陈述语气。

举一反三
7. Although he is considered a great writer, ______.
A. his works are not widely read
B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read
D. still his works are not wide read
8. Yesterday I was walking downstairs when I missed my foot and had a bad fall, nothing serious,
______.
A. even
B. either
C. then
D. though
9. _____ sick or well, the old man is always cheerful.
A. Either
B. No matter
C. Even if
D. Whether
[例4] ______, I’ll tell you all about it.
A. If I am possible
B. If necessary
C. When they are necessary
D. When I am necessary
命题意图考查状语从句的省略形式。

解题思路材料中是个省略从句的形式，完整的表达形式是If it is necessary。

当主从句主语一致或从句主语是it，谓语是be的时间、地点、方式或让步状语从句，则从句中的主语连同be可以一起省去，如：if/when/unless possible (necessary, invited…等)。

可用这种结构的还有when, after, once, until, though, as, since等，如：
(When you are)Far away from home you should take more care of yourself.
As a boy (As he was a boy), he loved collecting stamps.
正确答案 B
技巧点拨正确判断主从句的主语和谓语，再考虑是否符合省略条件。

举一反三
10. ---- Will you go to Mary’s birthday party? ---- No, _____ invited, I can’t go to it. I’ll be too busy then.
A. if
B. unless
C. even though
D. when
11. Father advised me not to say anything until _______ at the meeting.
A. asking
B. to ask
C. asked
D. ask
12. Mr. Black, _______ born in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in Missouri.
A. was
B. he was
C. although
D. who he was
[例5]（2004江苏）I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While
B. Since
C. Before
D. Unless
命题意图考查常见关联词的特殊意义。

解题思路从句意来看应该有让步含义，“尽管我承认他并不完美，我确实喜欢这个人”。

while可用作并列连词，还可以引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然；但；然而”，其他选项并无此用法。

正确答案A
技巧点拨熟悉常用关联词的不同含义和用法，才能适应高考试题的广度和深度。

举一反三
13. I thought he would be dressed in his new brown coat, ______, in fact, he was still dressed in that ole blue one.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. while
14. _____ you understand the rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. While
B. Once
C. Though
D. Unless
15. ---- Our journey cost a lot of money. ---- Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter ______ you enjoyed yourselves. A. as far as B. unless C. as long as D. in case
[例6] ______, I have never seen anyone who’s as capabl e as John.
A. As long as I have traveled
B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled
D. As I have traveled so much
命题意图考查“副词/名词+as”位于句首时引导的让步状语从句。

解题思路理解句子的意思是解题的关键，这是个主从复合句，前后有转折关系，“尽管我游历过很多地方，但从未见过约翰这样能干的人”。

注意：名词作表语位于句首时，零冠词现象，如：Child as he is, he knows a lot.。