urinarysystem泌尿系统全英文
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1. Glomerular filtration-by the
glomeruli.
2. 2. Tubular reabsorption and
secretion in the renal tubules.
3. Tubular secretion
Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney: 1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules. 3. Tubular secretion
（2）Urography： Excretory urography Retrograde urography （retro- 向后、倒退， Retrograde 逆行性） Selective renal arteriography
Part 4 Urethra
Female urethra is
relatively shorter (about 3-5cm long), wider and straighter.
Internal orifice of urethra
External orifice of urethra：(opens into
kidney functioning； ② Producing the hormone Erythropoietin （EPO）which regulates and
stimulates erythrocytes production; ③ Metabolizing vitamin D to its active form.
Three constrictions:
1st: at pelviureteric junction
2nd : where ureter crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels
3rd : at intramural part
New words about ureters
Mechanism
Urinary System
main function
filter and remove waste products from the blood
result in
production and excretion of urine
Urinary system diseases
➢ The human kidneys represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20–25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart.
远端小管
Nephrons
Urinary System
Content
Composition Anatomy Physiology Common disease Examination
Composition
Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
Part 1 kidney
➢ Bean-shape: a concave area on the edge toward the centre called hilum, where renal artery enters the kidney and renal vein leaves it. The ureters also leave the kidneys at the hilum, leading to the bladder.
Regulate the level of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate.
Maintain the correct pH range within the body 3. Endocrine function： ① Producing the enzyme Renin which regulates blood pressure and proper
area, the trigone. The
ureters enter the urinary bladder near two posterior points in the triangle; the urethra drains the urinary bladder from the anterior point of the triangle.
nephron
renal corpuscle
肾小体
glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
glomerulus
肾小球
肾单位
renal tubule
afferent efferent arteriole arteriole
Working mechanism of the kidneys:
Iconography Urinalysis Renal biopsy Kidney function test
Iconography
X-ray examination：
（1）Plain abdominal radiograph （radio- 放射，-graph 描绘、记录， radiograph X光照片 ）
➢ Each measures 20-30cm in length, 0.5-0.7cm in diameter.
➢ According to the course, each ureter can be divided into 3 parts: Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural part
• Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) • Chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) • Nephrotic syndrome(NS)
A kidney infection
• Acute pyelonephritis • Chronic pyelonephritis • Cystitis • Perinephric abscess
Consists of a renal corpuscle and
a renal tubule
The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle
Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:
pelvilithotomy pelvioplasty
Glomerular
Glomerul/o
Glomerulonephritis
Part 2 Ureters
➢ Two muscular tubes which convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
General English
Ureters
Root
Eg.
Ureter/o
Ureterocele Ureterography Ureterostenosis Ureterorrhaphy
Part 3 Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis. In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small, smooth triangular
➢ Blood is brought to the kidney via the renal artery.
➢ The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose.
➢ After it has been purified the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.
New words aboout urinary bladder
General English
Root Vesic/o
Urinary bladder
Cyst/o
Eg.
Intravesical vesicoureteral
Cystitis Cystography Cystoptosis cystostomy
近端小管
The functional unit of the kidney
Responsible for the actual
purification and filtration of the
blood
About one million nephrons are
in the cortex of each kidney
vaginal vestibule)
New words about urethra and urine
General English
Root
Eg.
Urethra Urine
Urethr/o Meat/o Urin/o
Ur/o
Urethritis Urethrograpy Meatorrhaphy
Meatotomy Urinogenitial
Renal damage in metabolic disease • Diabetic nephropathy • Hyperuricemia nephrosis
auxiliary examination
How to use the auxiliary examination(辅助检查) in diagnosis of urinary system diseases ?
Urination
Hematuria Urobilin Polyuria
Anuria
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Including the kidneys, ureters, urethra and urinary bladder. The kidneys are the primary excretory in the human body. They function by removing toxins from the body while returning necessary compounds back to the body.The kidneys filter approximately 200 liters of fluid from the body everyday. The Primary Functions of the Urinary System include: 1. Filtering waste products of metabolism from the blood and removing the wastes from the body via the urine； 2. Responsible for homeostasis:
The most common disease list
• Acute renal failure (ARF) • Chronic renal failure (CRF) • Urinary tract infection • Urinary calculus Primary glomerular disease
New words about kidney
General English
Root
Eg.
kidney
Ren/o Nephr/o
Renography Suprarenal Lienorenal
Nephritis Hydronephrosis
Renal pelvisຫໍສະໝຸດ Pyel/o Pelvi/o
Pyelography Pyelonephritis
glomeruli.
2. 2. Tubular reabsorption and
secretion in the renal tubules.
3. Tubular secretion
Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney: 1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules. 3. Tubular secretion
（2）Urography： Excretory urography Retrograde urography （retro- 向后、倒退， Retrograde 逆行性） Selective renal arteriography
Part 4 Urethra
Female urethra is
relatively shorter (about 3-5cm long), wider and straighter.
Internal orifice of urethra
External orifice of urethra：(opens into
kidney functioning； ② Producing the hormone Erythropoietin （EPO）which regulates and
stimulates erythrocytes production; ③ Metabolizing vitamin D to its active form.
Three constrictions:
1st: at pelviureteric junction
2nd : where ureter crosses the pelvic inlet and iliac vessels
3rd : at intramural part
New words about ureters
Mechanism
Urinary System
main function
filter and remove waste products from the blood
result in
production and excretion of urine
Urinary system diseases
➢ The human kidneys represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20–25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart.
远端小管
Nephrons
Urinary System
Content
Composition Anatomy Physiology Common disease Examination
Composition
Kidney Ureter Urinary bladder Urethra
Part 1 kidney
➢ Bean-shape: a concave area on the edge toward the centre called hilum, where renal artery enters the kidney and renal vein leaves it. The ureters also leave the kidneys at the hilum, leading to the bladder.
Regulate the level of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate.
Maintain the correct pH range within the body 3. Endocrine function： ① Producing the enzyme Renin which regulates blood pressure and proper
area, the trigone. The
ureters enter the urinary bladder near two posterior points in the triangle; the urethra drains the urinary bladder from the anterior point of the triangle.
nephron
renal corpuscle
肾小体
glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
glomerulus
肾小球
肾单位
renal tubule
afferent efferent arteriole arteriole
Working mechanism of the kidneys:
Iconography Urinalysis Renal biopsy Kidney function test
Iconography
X-ray examination：
（1）Plain abdominal radiograph （radio- 放射，-graph 描绘、记录， radiograph X光照片 ）
➢ Each measures 20-30cm in length, 0.5-0.7cm in diameter.
➢ According to the course, each ureter can be divided into 3 parts: Abdominal part Pelvic part Intramural part
• Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) • Chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) • Nephrotic syndrome(NS)
A kidney infection
• Acute pyelonephritis • Chronic pyelonephritis • Cystitis • Perinephric abscess
Consists of a renal corpuscle and
a renal tubule
The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle
Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:
pelvilithotomy pelvioplasty
Glomerular
Glomerul/o
Glomerulonephritis
Part 2 Ureters
➢ Two muscular tubes which convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.
General English
Ureters
Root
Eg.
Ureter/o
Ureterocele Ureterography Ureterostenosis Ureterorrhaphy
Part 3 Urinary bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ situated in the pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis. In the floor of the urinary bladder is a small, smooth triangular
➢ Blood is brought to the kidney via the renal artery.
➢ The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose.
➢ After it has been purified the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.
New words aboout urinary bladder
General English
Root Vesic/o
Urinary bladder
Cyst/o
Eg.
Intravesical vesicoureteral
Cystitis Cystography Cystoptosis cystostomy
近端小管
The functional unit of the kidney
Responsible for the actual
purification and filtration of the
blood
About one million nephrons are
in the cortex of each kidney
vaginal vestibule)
New words about urethra and urine
General English
Root
Eg.
Urethra Urine
Urethr/o Meat/o Urin/o
Ur/o
Urethritis Urethrograpy Meatorrhaphy
Meatotomy Urinogenitial
Renal damage in metabolic disease • Diabetic nephropathy • Hyperuricemia nephrosis
auxiliary examination
How to use the auxiliary examination(辅助检查) in diagnosis of urinary system diseases ?
Urination
Hematuria Urobilin Polyuria
Anuria
THE URINARY SYSTEM
Including the kidneys, ureters, urethra and urinary bladder. The kidneys are the primary excretory in the human body. They function by removing toxins from the body while returning necessary compounds back to the body.The kidneys filter approximately 200 liters of fluid from the body everyday. The Primary Functions of the Urinary System include: 1. Filtering waste products of metabolism from the blood and removing the wastes from the body via the urine； 2. Responsible for homeostasis:
The most common disease list
• Acute renal failure (ARF) • Chronic renal failure (CRF) • Urinary tract infection • Urinary calculus Primary glomerular disease
New words about kidney
General English
Root
Eg.
kidney
Ren/o Nephr/o
Renography Suprarenal Lienorenal
Nephritis Hydronephrosis
Renal pelvisຫໍສະໝຸດ Pyel/o Pelvi/o
Pyelography Pyelonephritis