12 第十二课：高级IO
高级英语-第三版-12课-原文-Ships-in-the-Desert资料讲解
Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore1. I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capableof processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.2. My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.3. But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it –bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day's measurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is –there at the end of the earth –to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.4. Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick –and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them –indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.5. Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.6. As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles –precisely at the equator in Brazil –where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America –which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.7. But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment are nowcommonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.8. What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as me n "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?9. Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?10. Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately.11. A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflictin one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context.12. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination of under-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.13. However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.14. Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.15. In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would have any lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to theenvironment.16. Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.17. This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth.18. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people.19. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.20. Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.21. Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that thestartling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance.22. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.23. The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.。
龙教版信息技术五年级上册第12课《骨骼动画(二)》说课稿
龙教版信息技术五年级上册第12课《骨骼动画（二）》说课稿一. 教材分析《骨骼动画（二）》是龙教版信息技术五年级上册第12课的内容。
本节课主要让学生进一步了解和掌握骨骼动画的制作方法，培养学生运用信息技术解决实际问题的能力。
教材以任务驱动的方式，引导学生通过实践操作，掌握骨骼动画的制作技巧。
二. 学情分析五年级的学生已经具备了一定的信息技术基础，对动画制作有一定的了解。
但在骨骼动画制作方面，学生可能还存在一定的困难。
因此，在教学过程中，教师需要关注学生的个体差异，针对不同层次的学生给予适当的指导。
三. 说教学目标1.知识与技能目标：学生能够掌握骨骼动画的制作方法，学会运用Flash软件制作简单的骨骼动画。
2.过程与方法目标：通过实践操作，培养学生运用信息技术解决实际问题的能力。
3.情感态度与价值观目标：激发学生对信息技术学习的兴趣，培养学生的创新精神和团队协作意识。
四. 说教学重难点1.教学重点：骨骼动画的制作方法。
2.教学难点：骨骼动画的原理和技巧。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法：采用任务驱动、分组讨论、实践操作等教学方法。
2.教学手段：利用多媒体设备、网络资源、Flash软件等教学手段。
六. 说教学过程1.导入新课：通过展示一段精彩的骨骼动画，激发学生的兴趣，引出本节课的主题。
2.讲解演示：教师讲解骨骼动画的原理和制作方法，并进行现场演示。
3.实践操作：学生分组进行实践操作，教师巡回指导。
4.交流分享：学生展示自己的作品，分享制作过程中的心得体会。
5.总结提升：教师针对学生的作品进行评价，总结制作骨骼动画的技巧。
七. 说板书设计板书设计如下：1.骨骼动画制作流程–选择角色形象–制作关键帧2.骨骼动画制作技巧–关键帧设置八. 说教学评价教学评价主要包括过程性评价和终结性评价。
过程性评价关注学生在实践操作中的表现，终结性评价关注学生作品的质量。
通过评价，教师能够了解学生的学习情况，为下一步教学提供依据。
高级英语1第三版lesson12课后答案
高级英语1第三版lesson12课后答案1、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night2、The commander said that two _____ would be sent to the Iraqi front line the next day. [单选题] *A. women's doctorB. women doctorsC. women's doctorsD. women doctor(正确答案)3、The book is _______. You’d better buy it. [单选题] *A. useful(正确答案)B. uselessC. useD. careful4、90．—I want to go to different places, but I don’t know the ________. —A map is helpful, I think. [单选题] *A．price(正确答案)B．timeC．wayD．ticket5、This kind of work _______ skills and speed. [单选题] *A. looks forB. waits forC. calls for(正确答案)D. cares for6、She _______ love cats, but one attacked her and she doesn’t like them anymore. [单选题]*A. got used toB. was used toC. was used forD. used to(正确答案)7、Mrs. Black is on her way to England. She will _______ in London on Sunday afternoon. [单选题] *A. reachB. attendC. arrive(正确答案)D. get8、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)9、What he said sounds _______. [单选题] *A. pleasantlyB. nicelyC. friendly(正确答案)D. wonderfully10、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you11、—Where are you going, Tom? —To Bill's workshop. The engine of my car needs _____. [单选题] *A. repairing(正确答案)B. repairedC. repairD. to repair12、Kate has a cat _______ Mimi. [单选题] *A. called(正确答案)B. callC. to callD. calling13、Many people prefer the bowls made of steel to the _____ made of plastic. [单选题] *A. itB. ones(正确答案)C. oneD. them14、There are many_____desks in the room. [单选题] *rge old brown(正确答案)B.old large brownrge brown oldD.brown old large15、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies16、Chinese people spend _____ money on travelling today as they did ten years ago. [单选题] *A. more than twiceB. as twice muchC. twice as much(正确答案)D. twice more than17、67．—What can I do for you?—I'm looking at that dress.It looks nice.May I ________？[单选题] *A．hold it onB．try it on(正确答案)C．take it offD．get it off18、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] *A. alsoB. tooC. either(正确答案)D. so19、—When are you going to Hainan Island for a holiday? —______ the morning of 1st May.（）[单选题] *A. InB. AtC. On(正确答案)D. For20、--It is Sunday tomorrow, I have no idea what to do.--What about _______? [单选题] *A. play computer gamesB. go fishingC. climbing the mountain(正确答案)D. see a film21、She talks too much; you’ll be glad when you’re free of her. [单选题] *A. 与她自由交谈B. 离开她(正确答案)C. 受她的控制D. 与她在一起22、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with23、--All of you have passed the test!--_______ pleasant news you have told us! [单选题] *A. HowB. How aC. What(正确答案)D. What a24、The firm attributed the accident to（）fog, and no casualties have been reported until now. [单选题] *A. minimumB. scarceC. dense(正确答案)D. seldom25、Amy and her best friend often ______ books together.（）[单选题] *A. read(正确答案)B. readsC. is readingD. to read26、--Why are you late for school today?--I’m sorry. I didn’t catch the early bus and I had to _______ the next one. [单选题] *A. wait for(正确答案)B. ask forC. care forD. stand for27、Li Jing often helps me ______ my geography.（）[单选题] *A. atB. inC. ofD. with(正确答案)28、______ pocket money did you get when you were a child? （）[单选题] *A. WhatB. HowC. How manyD. How much(正确答案)29、The children were all looking forward to giving the old people a happy day. [单选题]*A. 寻找B. 期盼(正确答案)C. 看望D. 继续30、She _______ be here. [单选题] *A. is gladB. is so glad to(正确答案)C. am gladD. is to。
高级英语(第三版)第一册第十二课 Ships in the Desert
action.
Para. 11 The military system: “local” skirmishes, “regional” battles, and “strategic” conflicts
Paras. 21-26: Solution
• A. Recognizing the starling images of destruction
• B. Understanding the two aspects • C. Changing the view of the
relationship-Educate people
Para.10 The importance of organizing our thoughts
it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately:
• What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky:
• What should our attitude be toward these noctilucent clouds in the sky?
Para 9. Human’s puzzling response
environment • To be able to talk about environmental
lesson 12 高级英语Ships in the Desert教学文案
Al Gore’s two main books on the threat and solution to global warming:
Tennessee (1977 – 1985); United States Senator from Tennessee (1985 – 1993); 45th Vice President of the United States (January 20, 1993 –
January 20, 2001) under President Bill Clinton; Democratic Party's nominee for President and lost the
Earth in the Balance (in 1992)
An Inconvenient Truth (2006)
《难以忽视的真相》
The text is taken from Al Gore’s book Earth in the Balance.
Gore demonstrates that the quality of our air and water is urgently at risk. He clearly illustrates how problems that once were regional have now become global. Gore argues for a worldwide mobilization to save us from disaster.
高英课文the Loons ppt课件
II. Detailed Study
cf:
bush: (large) low growing plant with several or many woody stems coming out from the root
I. Background knowledge
At school, Piquette felt out of place and ill at ease with the white children. When she had grown up she didn't have any chance to improve her life. In fact her situation became more and more messed up. In the end she was killed in a fire.
I. Background knowledge
About the Novel: THE LOONS is included in the 2nd section of her Norton Anthology (collection) of Short Fiction. Margaret Laurence wrote 5 separate short stories about this community. The Tonnerre family is one of the central families.
(esp US) = timber
17. coop: cage for small creature
18. tangle: (cause sth to) become twisted into a confused mass
七年级信息技术上册：第12课 第二课时word 超链接的使用课件
5
3
引导学生发现目录中的文字在正文页面中都存在，是否有较为简便的方 法可以通过将正文中的这些文字复制过来，并直接产生链接的效果
大家制作的电子报刊还可以与一些外部文件相链接，如电子邮件， 网页，音乐，视频，动画等等，想想我们做内部链接的时候打开的 创建超链接对话框中除了“本文档中的位置”还有哪些选项
信息技术科学凝聚了人类的智慧 信息技术在社会中具有广泛的用途 信息技术对社会产生了重大影响
第12课第二课时：word 超链接的使用
海城中学 张勇
QQ:411357398 E-MAIL:411357398@
在同学们电脑的的D盘中都有一份名为《数味》的电子报刊，同座 位两个同学相互比较一下你们电脑中这份杂志有没有区别，按住Ctrl 键后用鼠标去发现一下，引入新课──《不得不暂时停止正在阅读的书籍的时候，你会 用什么方法标记你已经读过的部分？我们通常会在刚刚读完的地方 插入一个书签，以便今后通过寻找书签的方法，快速定位我们想要 阅读的部分继续阅读了。同样的，在电子报刊中，我们也可以通过 使用书签的方法来标记各个的页面，然后将它们与目录相链接，以 方便阅读演示书签链接的方法。
启发课程12课华人版
启发课程12课华人版（原创实用版）目录1.课程概述2.课程目标3.课程内容4.课程特点5.适合人群6.课程评价正文1.课程概述启发课程 12 课华人版是一门针对华人设计的在线课程，旨在帮助学员提高思维能力和创新能力。
该课程通过一系列实用的方法和技巧，帮助学员在生活和工作中更好地应对挑战，实现自我价值。
2.课程目标本课程的目标是让学员掌握一套系统的思维方法和工具，提高学员的思维品质和创新能力。
具体目标包括：- 学会运用不同的思维模式分析问题和解决问题；- 培养学员的创新意识和创新能力；- 提高学员的逻辑思维和辩证思维能力；- 帮助学员更好地应对生活和工作中的挑战。
3.课程内容启发课程 12 课华人版包括以下内容：- 思维导图：教授如何运用思维导图进行头脑风暴和梳理思路；- 六顶思考帽：介绍六顶思考帽方法，帮助学员多角度思考问题；- SCAMPER：通过 SCAMPER 方法，让学员学会在生活中发现创新点；- SWOT 分析：运用 SWOT 分析法，帮助学员全面分析问题；- 故事创作：通过学习故事创作技巧，培养学员的创新思维；- 逻辑思维训练：训练学员的逻辑思维能力，提高分析问题的能力；- 辩证思维：引导学员运用辩证思维分析问题，提高看问题的全面性。
4.课程特点启发课程 12 课华人版的特点如下：- 实用性：课程所教授的方法和技巧均具有很强的实用性，可以直接应用于生活和工作中；- 互动性：课程采用在线学习的方式，学员可随时与老师和其他学员互动交流，共同学习进步；- 系统性：课程内容系统完整，从基础思维方法到高级创新技巧，让学员全面掌握；- 轻松有趣：课程采用生动有趣的案例和故事，让学习过程轻松愉快。
5.适合人群启发课程 12 课华人版适合以下人群：- 对思维方法和创新技巧感兴趣的学员；- 希望提高思维品质和创新能力的学员；- 需要应对生活和工作中各种挑战的学员；- 有志于成为创新型人才的学员。
6.课程评价启发课程 12 课华人版受到了广大学员的好评。
【高级英语第三版课文翻译】高级英语一课文翻译大学
【高级英语第三版课文翻译】高级英语一课文翻译大学高级英语是高等教育自学考试英语专业高级阶段（本科）的精读课，属于必考课程。
下面小编收集了高级英语课文翻译，供大家阅读。
我为什么写作Lesson 12：Why I Write从很小的时候，大概五、六岁，我知道长大以后将成为一个作家。
From a very early age，perhaps the age of five or six，I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer.从15到24岁的这段时间里，我试图打消这个念头，可总觉得这样做是在戕害我的天性，认为我迟早会坐下来伏案著书。
Between the ages of about seventeen and twenty-four I tried to adandon this idea，but I did so with the consciousness that I was outraging my true nature and that sooner or later I should have to settle down and write books.三个孩子中，我是老二。
老大和老三与我相隔五岁。
8岁以前，我很少见到我爸爸。
由于这个以及其他一些缘故，我的性格有些孤僻。
我的举止言谈逐渐变得很不讨人喜欢，这使我在上学期间几乎没有什么朋友。
I was the middle child of three，but there was a gap of five years on either side，and I barely saw my father before I was eight- For this andother reasons I was somewhat lonely，and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me unpopular throughout my schooldays.我像一般孤僻的孩子一样，喜欢凭空编造各种故事，和想像的人谈话。
小学信息技术六年级上册第12课《 画外之音——添加画外音和字幕》教案
《画外之音——添加画外音和字幕》教案（一）小学信息技术六年级上册第12课年级：六年级上册学科：信息技术版本：清华版（2012）【教材分析】《画外之音——添加画外音和字幕》是小学信息技术六年级上册的一课，主要教授学生如何在多媒体作品中添加声音和文字信息，以增强作品的表现力和传达力。
本课主要包含两个部分，一是学习如何在多媒体作品中添加和编辑画外音，如背景音乐、角色对话等；二是学习如何添加和设计字幕，以辅助理解视频内容或增强视觉效果。
这两部分都是多媒体创作中的重要技能，能帮助学生提升多媒体作品的完整性和专业性。
技能培养：学生在学习过程中，不仅能够掌握声音和字幕的基本操作，如导入、剪辑、调整音量、设置字幕样式等，还能锻炼他们的听力理解、语言表达和审美能力。
思维训练：添加画外音和字幕需要考虑到信息的逻辑性和时间的同步性，这有助于培养学生的逻辑思维和问题解决能力。
同时，如何使声音和字幕与画面内容相协调，也涉及到创新思维和审美判断。
价值导向：本课也强调尊重原创和版权，教育学生在使用网络资源时应遵守相关法律法规，培养良好的数字公民素养。
教学方法：教学过程中可以采用“示范-实践-反馈”模式，教师先演示操作，然后让学生在实践中探索和应用，最后通过反馈和评价帮助学生巩固学习效果。
学习情境：可以设计一些实际情境，如制作动画短片、讲解PPT等，让学生在实际操作中学习和应用新知识，提高学习的趣味性和实用性。
一、教学目标：1. 理解画外音和字幕在多媒体作品中的作用和重要性。
2. 掌握在多媒体编辑软件中添加和编辑画外音和字幕的基本操作。
3. 培养学生的创新思维和信息处理能力。
4. 提高学生对多媒体作品的审美和评价能力。
二、教学重难点：1. 画外音和字幕的合理使用和编辑技巧。
2. 如何根据故事情节和画面内容选择合适的画外音和字幕。
三、教学过程：（一）、导入新课（5分钟）1. 展示一段没有画外音和字幕的动画或视频，让学生观察并讨论缺失了什么。
四年级信息技术上册第12课在幻灯片中插入图片全国公开课一等奖百校联赛微课赛课特等奖课件
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Hi！ 大家好！ 我叫：谭丹蕾。我 是个能歌擅舞小女孩！ 想和我交朋友 吗？那就来这里看看吧！
我最喜欢一本书 我最喜欢一门课
我最喜欢一首诗
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《非法智慧》
《非法智慧》主要 写了陆雨被殖入一 个“瓢虫”人造大 脑。他好朋友桑微 和郭周准备把他从 痛苦中解救出来。 但, 郭周却所以牺 牲了……
我喜欢 一门课
喜欢原因
１、非常有趣。 ２、很有吸引力。 ３、有很多奥秘。
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４、能够让头脑不停地转动！
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静夜思
（唐）李白
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疑是地上霜。
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新版现代大学英语第12课A_Fundamental_Technique_in_Handling_People
From what aspects did the author do in studying Lincoln’s success in dealing with people? Exhausitive Did he criticize people? Evidence: as a young man….. As a practicing lawyer…. indulge Practicing lawyer Then what happened? He did this just once too often Challenge Fight to the death
Third example: Thomas Hardy
Who is Thomas Hardy? Thomas Hardy, (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928) was an English novelist and poet. he was influenced both in his novels and in his poetry 《德伯家的苔丝》 《远离尘嚣》 by Romanticism. He was highly critical of much <卡斯特桥市长> in Victorian society, though Hardy focused more <无名的裘德> on a declining rural society. Do you know some of his great works? Far from the Madding Crowd (1874), The Mayor of Casterbridge (1886), Tess of the d'Urbervilles (1891), and Jude the Obscure (1895). What happened to his w(A proofreader‟s attempt to “improve my spelling and
高级英语第一册(修订本)第12课Lesson12-The-Loons原文和翻译
The LoonsMargarel Laurence1、Just below Manawaka, where the Wachakwa River ran brown and noisy over the pebbles , the scrub oak and grey-green willow and chokecherry bushes grew in a dense thicket . In a clearing at the centre of the thicket stood the Tonnerre family's shack. The basis at this dwelling was a small square cabin made of poplar poles and chinked with mud, which had been built by Jules Tonnerre some fifty years before, when he came back from Batoche with a bullet in his thigh, the year that Riel was hung and the voices of the Metis entered their long silence. Jules had only intended to stay the winter in the Wachakwa Valley, but the family was still there in the thirties, when I was a child. As the Tonnerres had increased, their settlement had been added to, until the clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car types, ramshackle chicken coops , tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans.2、The Tonnerres were French half breeds, and among themselves they spoke a patois that was neither Cree nor French. Their English was broken and full of obscenities. They did not belong among the Cree of the Galloping Mountain reservation, further north, and they did not belong among the Scots-Irish and Ukrainians of Manawaka, either. They were, as my Grandmother MacLeod would have put it, neither flesh, fowl, nor good salt herring . When their men were not working at odd jobs or as section hands on the C.P. R. they lived on relief. In the summers, one of the Tonnerre youngsters, with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar with laughter, would knockat the doors of the town's brick houses and offer for sale a lard -pail full of bruised wild strawberries, and if he got as much as a quarter he would grab the coin and run before the customer had time to change her mind. Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl , and would hit out at whoever was nearest or howl drunkenly among the offended shoppers on Main Street, and then the Mountie would put them for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House, and the next morning they would be quiet again.3、Piquette Tonnerre, the daughter of Lazarus, was in my class at school. She was older than I, but she had failed several grades, perhaps because her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible . Part of the reason she had missed a lot of school was that she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and had once spent many months in hospital. I knew this because my father was the doctor who had looked after her. Her sickness was almost the only thing I knew about her, however. Otherwise, she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence, with her hoarse voice and her clumsy limping walk and her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long. I was neither friendly nor unfriendly towards her. She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision, but I did not actually notice her very much until that peculiar summer when I was eleven.4、"I don't know what to do about that kid." my father said at dinner one evening. "Piquette Tonnerre, I mean. The damn bone's flared up again. I've had her in hospitalfor quite a while now, and it's under control all right, but I hate like the dickens to send her home again."5、"Couldn't you explain to her mother that she has to rest a lot?" my mother said.6、"The mother's not there" my father replied. "She took off a few years back. Can't say I blame her. Piquette cooks for them, and she says Lazarus would never do anything for himself as long as she's there. Anyway, I don't think she'd take much care of herself, once she got back. She's only thirteen, after all. Beth, I was thinking—What about taking her up to Diamond Lake with us this summer? A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance."7、My mother looked stunned.8、"But Ewen -- what about Roddie and Vanessa?"9、"She's not contagious ," my father said. "And it would be company for Vanessa."10、"Oh dear," my mother said in distress, "I'll bet anything she has nits in her hair."11、"For Pete's sake," my father said crossly, "do you think Matron would let her stay in the hospital for all this time like that? Don't be silly, Beth. "12、Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo , now brought her mauve -veined hands together as though she were about to begin prayer.13、"Ewen, if that half breed youngster comes along to Diamond Lake, I'm not going," she announced. "I'll go to Morag's for the summer."14、I had trouble in stifling my urge to laugh, for my mother brightened visibly and quickly tried to hide it. If it came to a choice between Grandmother MacLeod and Piquette, Piquette would win hands down, nits or not.15、"It might be quite nice for you, at that," she mused. "You haven't seen Morag for over a year, and you might enjoy being in the city for a while. Well, Ewen dear, you do what you think best. If you think it would do Piquette some good, then we' II be glad to have her, as long as she behaves herself."16、So it happened that several weeks later, when we all piled into my father's old Nash, surrounded by suitcases and boxes of provisions and toys for myten-month-old brother, Piquette was with us and Grandmother MacLeod, miraculously, was not. My father would only be staying at the cottage for a couple of weeks, for he had to get back to his practice, but the rest of us would stay at Diamond Lake until the end of August.17、Our cottage was not named, as many were, "Dew Drop Inn" or "Bide-a-Wee," or "Bonnie Doon”. The sign on the roadway bore in austere letters only our name, MacLeod. It was not a large cottage, but it was on the lakefront. You could lookout the windows and see, through the filigree of the spruce trees, the water glistening greenly as the sun caught it. All around the cottage were ferns, and sharp-branched raspberrybushes, and moss that had grown over fallen tree trunks, If you looked carefully among the weeds and grass, you could find wild strawberry plants which were in white flower now and in another month would bear fruit, the fragrant globes hanging like miniaturescarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping at us from the tall spruce beside the cottage, and by the end of the summer they would again be tame enough to take pieces of crust from my hands. The broad mooseantlers that hung above the back door were a little more bleached and fissured after the winter, but otherwise everything was the same. I raced joyfully around my kingdom, greeting all the places I had not seen for a year. My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce cone, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands. My mother and father toted the luggage from car to cottage, exclaiming over how well the place had wintered, no broken windows, thank goodness, no apparent damage from storm felled branches or snow.18、Only after I had finished looking around did I notice Piquette. She was sitting on the swing her lame leg held stiffly out, and her other foot scuffing the ground as she swung slowly back and forth. Her long hair hung black and straight around her shoulders, and her broad coarse-featured face bore no expression -- itwas blank, as though she no longer dwelt within her own skull, as though she had gone elsewhere.I approached her very hesitantly.19、"Want to come and play?"20、Piquette looked at me with a sudden flash of scorn.21、"I ain't a kid," she said.22、Wounded, I stamped angrily away, swearing I would not speak to her for the rest of the summer. In the days that followed, however, Piquette began to interest me, and l began to want to interest her. My reasons did not appear bizarre to me. Unlikely as it may seem, I had only just realised that the Tonnerre family, whom I had always heard Called half breeds, were actually Indians, or as near as made no difference. My acquaintance with Indians was not expensive. I did not remember ever having seen a real Indian, and my new awareness that Piquette sprang from the people of Big Bear and Poundmaker, of Tecumseh, of the Iroquois who had eaten Father Brébeuf's heart--all this gave her an instant attraction in my eyes. I was devoted reader of Pauline Johnson at this age, and sometimes would orate aloud and in an exalted voice, West Wind, blow from your prairie nest, Blow from the mountains, blow from the west--and so on. It seemed to me that Piquette must be in some way a daughter of the forest, a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds, who might impart to me, if I took the right approach, some of the secrets which she undoubtedly knew --wherethe whippoorwill made her nest, how the coyote reared her young, or whatever it was that it said in Hiawatha.23、I set about gaining Piquette's trust. She was not allowed to go swimming, with her bad leg, but I managed to lure her down to the beach-- or rather, she came because there was nothing else to do. The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs, but I swam like a dog, thrashing my arms and legs around at such speed and with such an output of energy that I never grew cold. Finally, when I had enough, I came out and sat beside Piquette on the sand. When she saw me approaching, her hands squashed flat the sand castle she had been building, and she looked at me sullenly, without speaking.24、"Do you like this place?" I asked, after a while, intending to lead on from there into the question of forest lore .25、Piquette shrugged. "It's okay. Good as anywhere."26、"I love it, "1 said. "We come here every summer."27、"So what?" Her voice was distant, and I glanced at her uncertainly, wondering what I could have said wrong.28、"Do you want to come for a walk?" I asked her. "We wouldn't need to go far. If you walk just around the point there, you come to a bay where great big reeds grow in the water, and all kinds of fish hang around there. Want to? Come on."29、She shook her head.30、"Your dad said I ain't supposed to do no more walking than I got to." I tried another line.31、"I bet you know a lot about the woods and all that, eh?" I began respectfully.32、Piquette looked at me from her large dark unsmiling eyes.33、"I don't know what in hell you're talkin' about," she replied. "You nuts or somethin'? If you mean where my old man, and me, and all them live, you better shut up, by Jesus, you hear?"34、I was startled and my feelings were hurt, but I had a kind of dogged perseverance. I ignored her rebuff.35、"You know something, Piquette? There's loons here, on this lake. You can see their nests just up the shore there, behind those logs. At night, you can hear them even from the cottage, but it's better to listen from the beach. My dad says we should listen and try to remember how they sound, because in a few years when more cottages are built at Diamond Lake and more people come in, the loons will go away."36、Piquette was picking up stones and snail shells and then dropping them again.37、"Who gives a good goddamn?" she said.38、It became increasingly obvious that, as an Indian, Piquette was a dead loss. That evening I went out by myself, scrambling through the bushes that overhung the steep path, my feet slipping on the fallen spruce needles that covered the ground. When I reached the shore, I walked along the firm damp sand to the small pier that my father had built, and sat down there. I heard someone else crashing through the undergrowth and the bracken, and for a moment I thought Piquette had changed her mind, but it turned out to be my father. He sat beside me on the pier and we waited, without speaking.38、At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky, which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars. Then the loons began their calling. They rose like phantom birds from the nests on the shore, and flew out onto the dark still surface of the water.40、No one can ever describe that ululating sound, the crying of the loons, and no one who has heard it can ever forget it. Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery , those voices belonged to a world separated by aeon from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.41、"They must have sounded just like that," my father remarked, "before any person ever set foot here." Then he laughed. "You could say the same, of course, about sparrows or chipmunk, but somehow it only strikes you that way with the loons."42、"I know," I said.43、Neither of us suspected that this would be the last time we would ever sit here together on the shore, listening. We stayed for perhaps half an hour, and then we went back to the cottage. My mother was reading beside the fireplace. Piquette was looking at the burning birch log, and not doing anything.44、"You should have come along," I said, although in fact I was glad she had not.45、"Not me", Piquette said. "You wouldn’ catch me walkin' way down there jus' for a bunch of squawkin' birds."46、Piquette and I remained ill at ease with one another. felt I had somehow failed my father, but I did not know what was the matter, nor why she Would not or could not respond when I suggested exploring the woods or Playing house. I thought it was probably her slow and difficult walking that held her back. She stayed most of the time in the cottage with my mother, helping her with the dishes or with Roddie, but hardly ever talking. Then the Duncans arrived at their cottage, and I spent my days with Mavis, who was my best friend. I could not reach Piquette at all, and I soon lost interest in trying. But all that summer she remained as both a reproach and a mystery to me.47、That winter my father died of pneumonia, after less than a week's illness. For some time I saw nothing around me, being completely immersed in my own pain andmy mother's. When I looked outward once more, I scarcely noticed that Piquette Tonnerre was no longer at school. I do not remember seeing her at all until four years later, one Saturday night when Mavis and I were having Cokes in the Regal Café. The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder, and beside it, leaning lightly on its chrome and its rainbow glass, was a girl.48、Piquette must have been seventeen then, although she looked about twenty.I stared at her, astounded that anyone could have changed so much. Her face, so stolidand expressionless before, was animated now with a gaiety that was almost violent. She laughed and talked very loudly with the boys around her. Her lipstick was bright carmine, and her hair was cut Short and frizzily permed . She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.49、She saw me, and walked over. She teetered a little, but it was not due to her once-tubercular leg, for her limp was almost gone.50、"Hi, Vanessa," Her voice still had the same hoarseness . "Long time no see, eh?"51、"Hi," I said "Where've you been keeping yourself, Piquette?"52、"Oh, I been around," she said. "I been away almost two years now. Been all over the place--Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon. Jesus, what I could tell you! I come back this summer, but I ain't stayin'. You kids go in to the dance?"53、"No," I said abruptly, for this was a sore point with me. I was fifteen, and thought I was old enough to go to the Saturday-night dances at the Flamingo. My mother, however, thought otherwise.54、"Y'oughta come," Piquette said. "I never miss one. It's just about the on'y thing in this jerkwater55、town that's any fun. Boy, you couldn' catch me stayin' here. I don' givea shit about this place. It stinks."56、She sat down beside me, and I caught the harsh over-sweetness of her perfume.57、"Listen, you wanna know something, Vanessa?" she confided , her voice only slightly blurred. "Your dad was the only person in Manawaka that ever done anything good to me."58、I nodded speechlessly. I was certain she was speaking the truth. I knew a little more than I had that summer at Diamond Lake, but I could not reach her now any more than I had then, I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way. Yet I felt no real warmth towards her-- I only felt that I ought to, because of that distant summer and because my father had hoped shewould be company for me, or perhaps that I would be for her, but it had not happened that way. At this moment, meeting her again, I had to admit that she repelled and embarrassed me, and I could not help despising the self-pity in her voice. I wished she would go away. I did not want to see her did not know what to say to her. It seemed that we had nothing to say to one another.59、"I'll tell you something else," Piquette went on. "All the old bitches an' biddies in this town will sure be surprised. I'm gettin' married this fall -- my boy friend, he's an English fella, works in the stockyards in the city there, a very tall guy, got blond wavy hair. Gee, is he ever handsome. Got this real Hiroshima name. Alvin Gerald Cummings--some handle, eh? They call him Al."60、For the merest instant, then I saw her. I really did see her, for the first and only time in all the years we had both lived in the same town. Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.61、"Gee, Piquette --" I burst out awkwardly, "that's swell. That's really wonderful. Congratulations—good luck--I hope you'll be happy--"62、As l mouthed the conventional phrases, I could only guess how great her need must have been, that she had been forced to seek the very things she so bitterly rejected.63、When I was eighteen, I left Manawaka and went away to college. At the end of my first year, I came back home for the summer. I spent the first few days in talking non-stop with my mother, as we exchanged all the news that somehow had not found its way into letters-- what had happened in my life and what had happened here in Manawaka while I was away. My mother searched her memory for events that concerned people I knew.64、"Did I ever write you about Piquette Tonnerre, Vanessa?" she asked one morning.65、"No, I don't think so," I replied. "Last I heard of her, she was going to marry some guy in the city. Is she still there?"66、My mother looked Hiroshima , and it was a moment before she spoke, as though she did not know how to express what she had to tell and wished she did not need to try.67、"She's dead," she said at last. Then, as I stared at her, "Oh, Vanessa, when it happened, I couldn't help thinking of her as she was that summer--so sullen and gauche and badly dressed. I couldn't help wondering if we could have done something more at that time--but what could we do? She used to be around in the cottage there with me all day, and honestly it was all I could do to get a word out of her. She didn't even talk to your father very much, although I think she liked him in her way."68、"What happened?" I asked.69、"Either her husband left her, or she left him," my mother said. "I don't know which. Anyway, she came back here with two youngsters, both only babies--they must have been born very close together. She kept house, I guess, for Lazarus and her brothers, down in the valley there, in the old Tonnerre place. I used to see her on the street sometimes, but she never spoke to me. She'd put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess, to tell you the truth, a real slattern , dressed any old how. She was up in court a couple of times--drunk and disorderly, of course. One Saturday night last winter, during the coldest weather, Piquette was alone in the shack with the children. The Tonnerres made home brew all the time, so I've heard, and Lazarus said later she'd been drinking most of the day when he and the boys went out that evening. They had an old woodstove there--you know the kind, with exposed pipes. The shack caught fire. Piquette didn't get out, and neither did the children."70、I did not say anything. As so often with Piquette, there did not seem to be anything to say. There was a kind of silence around the image in my mind of the fire and the snow, and I wished I could put from my memory the look that I had seen once in Piquette's eyes.71、I went up to Diamond Lake for a few days that summer, with Mavis and her family. The MacLeod cottage had been sold after my father's death, and I did not even go to look at it, not wanting to witness my long-ago kingdom possessed now by strangers. But one evening I went clown to the shore by myself.72、The small pier which my father had built was gone, and in its place there was a large and solid pier built by the government, for Galloping Mountain was now a national park, and Diamond Lake had been re-named Lake Wapakata, for it was felt that an Indian name would have a greater appeal to tourists. The one store had become several dozen, and the settlement had all the attributes of a flourishingresort--hotels, a dance-hall, cafes with neon signs, the penetrating odoursof potato chips and hot dogs.73、I sat on the government pier and looked out across the water. At night the lake at least was the same as it had always been, darkly shining and bearing within its black glass the streak of amber that was the path of the moon. There was no wind that evening, and everything was quiet all around me. It seemed too quiet, and then I realized that the loons were no longer here. I listened for some time, to make sure, but never once did I hear that long-drawn call, half mocking and half plaintive, spearing through the stillness across the lake.74、I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.75、I remembered how Piquette had scorned to come along, when my father and I sat there and listened to the lake birds. It seemed to me now that in some unconscious and totally unrecognized way, Piquette might have been the only one, after all, who had heard the crying of the loons.第十二课潜水鸟玛格丽特劳伦斯马纳瓦卡山下有一条小河，叫瓦恰科瓦河，浑浊的河水沿着布满鹅卵石的河床哗哗地流淌着，河边谷地上长着无数的矮橡树、灰绿色柳树和野樱桃树，形成一片茂密的丛林。
高级英语-第三版-12课-原文-Ships-in-the-Desert
Lesson 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore1. I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capableof processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.2. My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he sa id. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.3. But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it –bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day's measurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is –there at the end of the earth –to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.4. Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end ofour planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick –and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them –indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.5. Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.6. As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles –precisely at the equator in Brazil –where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America –which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.7. But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment are now commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place wherepollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.8. What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?9. Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?10. Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respond appropriately.11. A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must beunder stood in a global context.12. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination of under-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.13. However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.14. Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.15. In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would have any lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.16. Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on theearth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.17. This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth.18. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people.19. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.20. Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.21. Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They are symptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization andthe earth's natural balance.22. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.23. The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posed by changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.。
-鲁教版(新版2018)信息技术上册第12课代码复用调函数--python的乐高积木教案
-鲁教版（新版2018) 信息技术上册第12课代码复用调函数--python的乐高积木教案一、教材分析本节课选用的是鲁教版（新版2018）信息技术上册，第12课“代码复用调函数--python的乐高积木”。
本节课旨在让学生了解Python编程中的函数概念，掌握如何编写函数以及如何调用函数实现代码复用。
通过本节课的学习，学生能够理解函数的作用，学会如何利用函数提高编程效率，为后续的Python编程学习打下基础。
课程主要内容包括：函数的概念、函数的定义和调用、函数参数的使用、局部变量和全局变量的区别、函数的递归调用等。
为了让学生更好地理解函数的概念和作用，本节课将采用实例教学，通过编写简单的Python程序，让学生亲身体验函数的使用和代码复用的效果。
课程难度适中，适合初一学生学习。
在教学过程中，教师需要注重启发式教学，引导学生主动思考、动手实践，培养学生的编程思维和解决问题的能力。
同时，注重培养学生的团队合作精神，鼓励学生在课堂上互相交流、互相学习，共同提高。
二、核心素养目标1. 理解函数的概念和作用，掌握函数的定义和调用方法，提高编程思维能力；2. 学会利用函数实现代码复用，提高编程效率，培养解决问题的能力；3. 了解局部变量和全局变量的区别，增强对编程语言的理解和运用能力；4. 学会递归函数的编写和调用，培养逻辑思维和抽象思维能力；5. 通过实例学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养团队合作精神。
三、教学难点与重点1. 教学重点本节课的核心内容是函数的定义和调用，以及如何利用函数实现代码复用。
具体来说，学生需要掌握以下重点内容：（1）函数的概念和作用：学生需要理解函数是编程中用来封装可重用代码的模块，通过函数可以提高编程效率，降低代码冗余。
（2）函数的定义：学生需要学会如何定义一个函数，包括函数的名称、参数和返回值。
例如，定义一个计算两个数的和的函数，可以写作def add(x, y): return x + y。
【精品课件】 小学信息技术南方版(湖南)六年级上册 第12课 展评电子作品集
巩固与练习
① 本课结束后请大家完成“练功坊”的练习。 ② 同学还可以阅读“知识宫”的内容，并对练习“益
智园”的内容完成。
总结
1. 通过学习本课了解幻灯片中的文本框、图像、视频 等元素也可以作为链接源，设置超级链接。
12
发布演示文稿
请同学们按照书本提示，将自己的作品集打包后，再上传作业。
12
发布演示文稿
操作步骤：
打开《我的电子作品集》演示文稿；
执行“文件” “导出” “将演示文稿打包成CD” “打包成CD”命令， 在“选项”中默认勾选 “链接的文件”和“嵌入的TrueType字体”；
在“打包成CD”对话框中，单击“复制到文件夹”按钮，设置文件夹名 称和位置，单击“确定”按钮。
2. 通过学习本课知晓制作的电子作品集包括视频、字 体效果等，可以将演示文稿发布出来，避免效果显 示不出来。PowerPoint可以将演示文稿打包成CD， 还可以另存为 PPSX 格式 ，或者导出成 MP4视频、 PDF文档等。
3. 通过学习本课对演示文稿进行评价，可以从内容、 技术、美观度三个方面进行考察，综合得出结论。
设置超级链接
同学们可以按照以上方法，将“我的 表格设计”“我的电子作文”“我的绘画作 品”“我的配乐诗朗诵”的这些链接到相应 的幻灯片，来展示效果并保存演示文稿。
1
设置超级链接
效果图如下：
现在我们已经实现选择性浏览的
效果了，但是在播放时发现视频无法播 放，设计的字体效果也显示不了。怎么 解决这个问题呢？把制作好的演示文稿 发布出来就可以了。
13
评价演示文稿
根据我们所学到的这四节课，大家都有很好地完成自己的电子作品集， 那么请同学们分组进行讨论，对我们组内同学的作业进行打分，点评。
高级英语第一册(修订本)第12课Lesson12-The-Loons原文和翻译
The LoonsMargarel Laurence1、Just below Manawaka, where the Wachakwa River ran brown and noisy over the pebbles , the scrub oak and grey-green willow and chokecherry bushes grew in a dense thicket . In a clearing at the centre of the thicket stood the Tonnerre family's shack. The basis at this dwelling was a small square cabin made of poplar poles and chinked with mud, which had been built by Jules Tonnerre some fifty years before, when he came back from Batoche with a bullet in his thigh, the year that Riel was hung and the voices of the Metis entered their long silence. Jules had only intended to stay the winter in the Wachakwa Valley, but the family was still there in the thirties, when I was a child. As the Tonnerres had increased, their settlement had been added to, until the clearing at the foot of the town hill was a chaos of lean-tos, wooden packing cases, warped lumber, discarded car types, ramshackle chicken coops , tangled strands of barbed wire and rusty tin cans.2、The Tonnerres were French half breeds, and among themselves they spoke a patois that was neither Cree nor French. Their English was broken and full of obscenities. They did not belong among the Cree of the Galloping Mountain reservation, further north, and they did not belong among the Scots-Irish and Ukrainians of Manawaka, either. They were, as my Grandmother MacLeod would have put it, neither flesh, fowl, nor good salt herring . When their men were not working at odd jobs or as section hands on the C.P. R. they lived on relief. In the summers, one of the Tonnerre youngsters, with a face that seemed totally unfamiliar with laughter, would knock at the doors of the town's brick houses and offer for sale a lard -pail fullof bruised wild strawberries, and if he got as much as a quarter he would grab the coin and run before the customer had time to change her mind. Sometimes old Jules, or his son Lazarus, would get mixed up in a Saturday-night brawl , and would hit out at whoever was nearest or howl drunkenly among the offended shoppers on Main Street, and then the Mountie would put them for the night in the barred cell underneath the Court House, and the next morning they would be quiet again.3、Piquette Tonnerre, the daughter of Lazarus, was in my class at school. She was older than I, but she had failed several grades, perhaps because her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible . Part of the reason she had missed a lot of school was that she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and had once spent many months in hospital. I knew this because my father was the doctor who had looked after her. Her sickness was almost the only thing I knew about her, however. Otherwise, she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence, with her hoarse voice and her clumsy limping walk and her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long. I was neither friendly nor unfriendly towards her. She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision, but I did not actually notice her very much until that peculiar summer when I was eleven.4、"I don't know what to do about that kid." my father said at dinner one evening. "Piquette Tonnerre, I mean. The damn bone's flared up again. I've had her in hospital for quite a while now, and it's under control all right, but I hate like the dickens to send her home again."5、"Couldn't you explain to her mother that she has to rest a lot?" my mother said.6、"The mother's not there" my father replied. "She took off a few years back. Can't say I blame her. Piquette cooks for them, and she says Lazarus would never do anything for himself as long as she's there. Anyway, I don't think she'd take much care of herself, once she got back. She's only thirteen, after all. Beth, I was thinking—What about taking her up to Diamond Lake with us this summer? A couple of months rest would give that bone a much better chance."7、My mother looked stunned.8、"But Ewen -- what about Roddie and Vanessa?"9、"She's not contagious ," my father said. "And it would be company for Vanessa."10、"Oh dear," my mother said in distress, "I'll bet anything she has nits in her hair."11、"For Pete's sake," my father said crossly, "do you think Matron would let her stay in the hospital for all this time like that? Don't be silly, Beth. "12、Grandmother MacLeod, her delicately featured face as rigid as a cameo , now brought her mauve -veined hands together as though she were about to begin prayer.13、"Ewen, if that half breed youngster comes along to Diamond Lake, I'm not going," she announced. "I'll go to Morag's for the summer."14、I had trouble in stifling my urge to laugh, for my mother brightened visibly and quickly tried to hide it. If it came to a choice between Grandmother MacLeod and Piquette, Piquette would win hands down, nits or not.15、"It might be quite nice for you, at that," she mused. "You haven't seen Morag for over a year, and you might enjoy being in the city for a while. Well, Ewen dear, you do what you think best. If you think it would do Piquette some good, then we' II be glad to have her, as long as she behaves herself."16、So it happened that several weeks later, when we all piled into my father's old Nash, surrounded by suitcases and boxes of provisions and toys for myten-month-old brother, Piquette was with us and Grandmother MacLeod, miraculously, was not. My father would only be staying at the cottage for a couple of weeks, for he had to get back to his practice, but the rest of us would stay at Diamond Lake until the end of August.17、Our cottage was not named, as many were, "Dew Drop Inn" or "Bide-a-Wee," or "Bonnie Doon”. The sign on the roadway bore in auster e letters only our name, MacLeod. It was not a large cottage, but it was on the lakefront. You could look out the windows and see, through the filigree of the spruce trees, the water glistening greenly as the sun caught it. All around the cottage were ferns, and sharp-branched raspberrybushes, and moss that had grown over fallen tree trunks, If you looked carefully among the weeds and grass, you could find wild strawberry plants which were in white flower now and in another month would bear fruit, the fragrant globes hanging like miniaturescarlet lanterns on the thin hairy stems. The two grey squirrelswere still there, gossiping at us from the tall spruce beside the cottage, and by the end of the summer they would again be tame enough to take pieces of crust from my hands. The broad mooseantlers that hung above the back door were a little more bleached and fissured after the winter, but otherwise everything was the same. I raced joyfully around my kingdom, greeting all the places I had not seen for a year. My brother, Roderick, who had not been born when we were here last summer, sat on the car rug in the sunshine and examined a brown spruce cone, meticulously turning it round and round in his small and curious hands. My mother and father toted the luggage from car to cottage, exclaiming over how well the place had wintered, no broken windows, thank goodness, no apparent damage from storm felled branches or snow.18、Only after I had finished looking around did I notice Piquette. She was sitting on the swing her lame leg held stiffly out, and her other foot scuffing the ground as she swung slowly back and forth. Her long hair hung black and straight around her shoulders, and her broad coarse-featured face bore no expression -- it was blank, as though she no longer dwelt within her own skull, as though she had gone elsewhere.I approached her very hesitantly.19、"Want to come and play?"20、Piquette looked at me with a sudden flash of scorn.21、"I ain't a kid," she said.22、Wounded, I stamped angrily away, swearing I would not speak to her for the rest of the summer. In the days that followed, however, Piquette began to interest me, and l began to want to interest her. My reasons did not appear bizarre to me. Unlikely as it may seem, I had only just realised that the Tonnerre family, whom I had always heard Called half breeds, were actually Indians, or as near as made no difference. My acquaintance with Indians was not expensive. I did not remember ever having seen a real Indian, and my new awareness that Piquette sprang from the people of Big Bear and Poundmaker, of Tecumseh, of the Iroquois who had eaten Father Brébeuf's heart--all this gave her an instant attraction in my eyes. I was devoted reader of Pauline Johnson at this age, and sometimes would orate aloud and in an exalted voice, West Wind, blow from your prairie nest, Blow from the mountains, blow from the west--and so on. It seemed to me that Piquette must be in some way a daughter of the forest, a kind of junior prophetess of the wilds, who might impart to me, if I took the right approach, some of the secrets which she undoubtedly knew --where the whippoorwill made her nest, how the coyote reared her young, or whatever it was that it said in Hiawatha.23、I set about gaining Piquette's trust. She was not allowed to go swimming, with her bad leg, but I managed to lure her down to the beach-- or rather, she came because there was nothing else to do. The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs, but I swam like a dog, thrashing my arms and legs around at such speed and with such an output of energy that I never grew cold. Finally, when I had enough, I came out and sat beside Piquette on the sand. When she saw me approaching, herhands squashed flat the sand castle she had been building, and she looked at me sullenly, without speaking.24、"Do you like this place?" I asked, after a while, intending to lead on from there into the question of forest lore .25、Piquette shrugged. "It's okay. Good as anywhere."26、"I love it, "1 said. "We come here every summer."27、"So what?" Her voice was distant, and I glanced at her uncertainly, wondering what I could have said wrong.28、"Do you want to come for a walk?" I asked her. "We wouldn't need to go far. If you walk just around the point there, you come to a bay where great big reeds grow in the water, and all kinds of fish hang around there. Want to? Come on."29、She shook her head.30、"Your dad said I ain't supposed to do no more walking than I got to." I tried another line.31、"I bet you know a lot about the woods and all that, eh?" I began respectfully.32、Piquette looked at me from her large dark unsmiling eyes.33、"I don't know what in hell you're talkin' about," she replied. "You nuts or somethin'? If you mean where my old man, and me, and all them live, you better shut up, by Jesus, you hear?"34、I was startled and my feelings were hurt, but I had a kind of dogged perseverance. I ignored her rebuff.35、"You know something, Piquette? There's loons here, on this lake. You can see their nests just up the shore there, behind those logs. At night, you can hear them even from the cottage, but it's better to listen from the beach. My dad says we should listen and try to remember how they sound, because in a few years when more cottages are built at Diamond Lake and more people come in, the loons will go away."36、Piquette was picking up stones and snail shells and then dropping them again.37、"Who gives a good goddamn?" she said.38、It became increasingly obvious that, as an Indian, Piquette was a dead loss. That evening I went out by myself, scrambling through the bushes that overhung the steep path, my feet slipping on the fallen spruce needles that covered the ground. When I reached the shore, I walked along the firm damp sand to the small pier that my father had built, and sat down there. I heard someone else crashing through the undergrowth and the bracken, and for a moment I thought Piquette had changed her mind, but it turned out to be my father. He sat beside me on the pier and we waited, without speaking.38、At night the lake was like black glass with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon. All around, the spruce trees grew tall and close-set, branches blackly sharp against the sky, which was lightened by a cold flickering of stars. Thenthe loons began their calling. They rose like phantom birds from the nests on the shore, and flew out onto the dark still surface of the water.40、No one can ever describe that ululating sound, the crying of the loons, and no one who has heard it can ever forget it. Plaintive , and yet with a quality of chilling mockery , those voices belonged to a world separated by aeon from our neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.41、"They must have sounded just like that," my father remarked, "before any person ever set foot here." Then he laughed. "You could say the same, of course, about sparrows or chipmunk, but somehow it only strikes you that way with the loons."42、"I know," I said.43、Neither of us suspected that this would be the last time we would ever sit here together on the shore, listening. We stayed for perhaps half an hour, and then we went back to the cottage. My mother was reading beside the fireplace. Piquette was looking at the burning birch log, and not doing anything.44、"You should have come along," I said, although in fact I was glad she had not.45、"Not me", Piquette said. "You wouldn’ catch me walkin' way down there jus' for a bunch of squawkin' birds."46、Piquette and I remained ill at ease with one another. felt I had somehow failed my father, but I did not know what was the matter, nor why she Would not or couldnot respond when I suggested exploring the woods or Playing house. I thought it was probably her slow and difficult walking that held her back. She stayed most of the time in the cottage with my mother, helping her with the dishes or with Roddie, but hardly ever talking. Then the Duncans arrived at their cottage, and I spent my days with Mavis, who was my best friend. I could not reach Piquette at all, and I soon lost interest in trying. But all that summer she remained as both a reproach and a mystery to me.47、That winter my father died of pneumonia, after less than a week's illness. For some time I saw nothing around me, being completely immersed in my own pain and my mother's. When I looked outward once more, I scarcely noticed that Piquette Tonnerre was no longer at school. I do not remember seeing her at all until four years later, one Saturday night when Mavis and I were having Cokes in the Regal Café. The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder, and beside it, leaning lightly on its chrome and its rainbow glass, was a girl.48、Piquette must have been seventeen then, although she looked about twenty.I stared at her, astounded that anyone could have changed so much. Her face, so stolidand expressionless before, was animated now with a gaiety that was almost violent. She laughed and talked very loudly with the boys around her. Her lipstick was bright carmine, and her hair was cut Short and frizzily permed . She had not been pretty as a child, and she was not pretty now, for her features were still heavy and blunt. But her dark and slightly slanted eyes were beautiful, and her skin-tight skirt and orange sweater displayed to enviable advantage a soft and slender body.49、She saw me, and walked over. She teetered a little, but it was not due to her once-tubercular leg, for her limp was almost gone.50、"Hi, Vanessa," Her voice still had the same hoarseness . "Long time no see, eh?"51、"Hi," I said "Where've you been keeping yourself, Piquette?"52、"Oh, I been around," she said. "I been away almost two years now. Been all over the place--Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon. Jesus, what I could tell you! I come back this summer, but I ain't stayin'. You kids go in to the dance?"53、"No," I said abruptly, for this was a sore point with me. I was fifteen, and thought I was old enough to go to the Saturday-night dances at the Flamingo. My mother, however, thought otherwise.54、"Y'oughta come," Piquette said. "I never miss one. It's just about the on'y thing in this jerkwater55、town that's any fun. Boy, you couldn' catch me stayin' here. I don' give a shit about this place. It stinks."56、She sat down beside me, and I caught the harsh over-sweetness of her perfume.57、"Listen, you wanna know something, Vanessa?" she confided , her voice only slightly blurred. "Your dad was the only person in Manawaka that ever done anything good to me."58、I nodded speechlessly. I was certain she was speaking the truth. I knew a little more than I had that summer at Diamond Lake, but I could not reach her now any more than I had then, I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightened tendency to look the other way. Yet I felt no real warmth towards her-- I only felt that I ought to, because of that distant summer and because my father had hoped she would be company for me, or perhaps that I would be for her, but it had not happened that way. At this moment, meeting her again, I had to admit that she repelled and embarrassed me, and I could not help despising the self-pity in her voice. I wished she would go away. I did not want to see her did not know what to say to her. It seemed that we had nothing to say to one another.59、"I'll tell you something else," Piquette went on. "All the old bitches an' biddies in this town will sure be surprised. I'm gettin' married this fall -- my boy friend, he's an English fella, works in the stockyards in the city there, a very tall guy, got blond wavy hair. Gee, is he ever handsome. Got this real Hiroshima name. Alvin Gerald Cummings--some handle, eh? They call him Al."60、For the merest instant, then I saw her. I really did see her, for the first and only time in all the years we had both lived in the same town. Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded and unmasked, and in her eyes there was a terrifying hope.61、"Gee, Piquette --" I burst out awkwardly, "that's swell. That's really wonderful. Congratulations—good luck--I hope you'll be happy--"62、As l mouthed the conventional phrases, I could only guess how great her need must have been, that she had been forced to seek the very things she so bitterly rejected.63、When I was eighteen, I left Manawaka and went away to college. At the end of my first year, I came back home for the summer. I spent the first few days in talking non-stop with my mother, as we exchanged all the news that somehow had not found its way into letters-- what had happened in my life and what had happened here in Manawaka while I was away. My mother searched her memory for events that concerned people I knew.64、"Did I ever write you about Piquette Tonnerre, Vanessa?" she asked one morning.65、"No, I don't think so," I replied. "Last I heard of her, she was going to marry some guy in the city. Is she still there?"66、My mother looked Hiroshima , and it was a moment before she spoke, as though she did not know how to express what she had to tell and wished she did not need to try.67、"She's dead," she said at last. Then, as I stared at her, "Oh, Vanessa, when it happened, I couldn't help thinking of her as she was that summer--so sullen and gauche and badly dressed. I couldn't help wondering if we could have done something more at that time--but what could we do? She used to be around in the cottage therewith me all day, and honestly it was all I could do to get a word out of her. She didn't even talk to your father very much, although I think she liked him in her way."68、"What happened?" I asked.69、"Either her husband left her, or she left him," my mother said. "I don't know which. Anyway, she came back here with two youngsters, both only babies--they must have been born very close together. She kept house, I guess, for Lazarus and her brothers, down in the valley there, in the old Tonnerre place. I used to see her on the street sometimes, but she never spoke to me. She'd put on an awful lot of weight, and she looked a mess, to tell you the truth, a real slattern , dressed any old how. She was up in court a couple of times--drunk and disorderly, of course. One Saturday night last winter, during the coldest weather, Piquette was alone in the shack with the children. The Tonnerres made home brew all the time, so I've heard, and Lazarus said later she'd been drinking most of the day when he and the boys went out that evening. They had an old woodstove there--you know the kind, with exposed pipes. The shack caught fire. Piquette didn't get out, and neither did the children."70、I did not say anything. As so often with Piquette, there did not seem to be anything to say. There was a kind of silence around the image in my mind of the fire and the snow, and I wished I could put from my memory the look that I had seen once in Piquette's eyes.71、I went up to Diamond Lake for a few days that summer, with Mavis and her family. The MacLeod cottage had been sold after my father's death, and I did not evengo to look at it, not wanting to witness my long-ago kingdom possessed now by strangers. But one evening I went clown to the shore by myself.72、The small pier which my father had built was gone, and in its place there wasa large and solid pier built by the government, for Galloping Mountain was now a national park, and Diamond Lake had been re-named Lake Wapakata, for it was felt that an Indian name would have a greater appeal to tourists. The one store had become several dozen, and the settlement had all the attributes of a flourishing resort--hotels, a dance-hall, cafes with neon signs, the penetrating odoursof potato chips and hot dogs.73、I sat on the government pier and looked out across the water. At night the lake at least was the same as it had always been, darkly shining and bearing within its black glass the streak of amber that was the path of the moon. There was no wind that evening, and everything was quiet all around me. It seemed too quiet, and then I realized that the loons were no longer here. I listened for some time, to make sure, but never once did I hear that long-drawn call, half mocking and half plaintive, spearing through the stillness across the lake.74、I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps they had gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.75、I remembered how Piquette had scorned to come along, when my father andI sat there and listened to the lake birds. It seemed to me now that in someunconscious and totally unrecognized way, Piquette might have been the only one, after all, who had heard the crying of the loons.第十二课潜水鸟玛格丽特劳伦斯马纳瓦卡山下有一条小河，叫瓦恰科瓦河，浑浊的河水沿着布满鹅卵石的河床哗哗地流淌着，河边谷地上长着多数的矮橡树、灰绿色柳树和野樱桃树，形成一片茂密的丛林。
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void write(int c) void write(char[] cbuf) void write(char[] cbuf, int offset, int length) void write(String string) void write(String string, int offset,int length)
Java编程语言提供了若干种方法,用来帮助你在文件中移动. long getFilePointer(); 返回文件指针的当前位置。 void seek(long pos); 设置文件指针到给定的绝对位置。这个位置是按照从 文件开始的字节偏移量给出的。位置0标志文件的开始。 long length() 返回文件的长度。位置length()标志文件的结束。 添加信息 你可以使用随机存取文件来得到文件输出的添加模式。 myRAFile = new RandomAccessFile("java.log","rw"); myRAFile.seek(myRAFile.length());
PipedInputStream和PipedOutputStream 管道流用来在线程间进行通信。一个线程 的PipedInputStream对象从另一个线程的 PipedOutputStream对象读取输入。要使管 道流有用，必须有一个输入方和一个输出 方。
URL输入流 除了基本的文件访问之外，Java技术提供了使用统一资源 定位器(URL)来访问网络上的文件。当你使用Applet的 getDocumentBase()方法来访问声音和图象时，你已经隐 含地使用了URL对象。 String imageFile = new String ("images/Duke/T1.gif"); images[0] = getImage(getDocumentBase(), imageFile); 当然，你也可以直接使用URL如下： .URL imageSource; try{ imageSource = new URL("/~info"); }catch(MalformedURLException e) {} images[0] = getImage(imageSource, "Duke/T1.gif");
int write(int c) int write(byte[] buffer) int write(byte[] buffer, int offset,int length)
其他方法
void close() void flush()
字符流 Reader方法 方法
三个基本的read()方法
使用RandomAccessFile随机访问文件 你经常会发现你只想读取文件的一部分数据，而不需要从 头至尾读取整个文件。你可能想访问一个作为数据库的文 本文件，此时你会移动到某一条记录并读取它的数据，接 着移动到另一个记录，然后再到其他记录――每一条记录 都位于文件的不同部分。Java编程语言提供了一个 RandomAccessFile类来处理这种类型的输入输出。 创建一个随机访问文件
PrintStream 可以自动进行字符转换的动作，默认会使用操作系统的编 码处理对应的字符。 import java.io.*; public class PrintStreamDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException { PrintStream out = new PrintStream(new FileOutPutStream("1.txt")); out.println(1); out.close(); } }
其它方法：
void close() void flush()
节点流
Java 2 SDK中有三种基本类型的节点：文件(file)、 内存(memory)、管道(pipe)。
过程流
过程流在其它流之上，完成排序、变换等操作。 过程流也被称做过滤流。当你需要改变输入流的 原始数据时，你可以将一个过滤输入流连接到一 个原始的输入流上。用过滤流将原始数据变换成 你需要的格式。
FileInputStream infile = new FileInputStream("myfile.dat"); FileOutputStream outfile = new FileOutputStream("results.dat");
BufferInputStream和BufferOutputStream 带有缓冲区的流，BufferInputStream一次 可以读入一定长度的数据（默认2048字 节），BufferOutputStream一次可以一定长 度的数据（默认512字节），可以提高I/O 操作的效率.需要和其它的流类配合使用. BufferOutputStream在使用时，为了确保把 数据写出去，建议最后执行flush()将缓冲区 中的数据全部写出去。
数据流的分类
InputStream和OutputStream：字节流。其它字节流都是InputStream或 OutputStream的子类。 Reader和 Writer：字符流。其它字符流都是Reader或Writer的子类.
字节流 InputStream的方法 的方法 三个方法访问它的数据： int read()：简单读方法,返回一个int值,它是从流里 读出的一个字节。如果遇到文件结束则返回-1。 int read(byte [])：将数据读入到字节数组中，并 返回所读的字节数。 int read(byte[], int offset,int length) 将数据读入到 字节数组中，并返回所读的字节数。Offset是数 组的偏移量，length是读取的长度。
第十二课：高级I/O流 第十二课：高级 流
周甫 zoofchow@
学习目标
1 2 3 4
java.io包 包
理解流的概念以及使用
字节流与字符流用
操作文件和目录
学习目标
5
用Serialization接口序列化编码 接口序列化编码
过程流列表:
基本字节流类(输入流)
基本字节流类(输出流)
FileInputStream和FileOutputStream 这两个节点流用来操作磁盘文件。这些类的构造 函数允许你指定它们所连接的文件。要构造一个 FileInputStream，所关联的文件必须存在而且是 可读的。如果你要构造一个FileOutputStream而 输出文件已经存在，则它将被覆盖。主要用于操 作二进制或者带有格式的文件：如压缩文件，可 执行文件等。
例:打开一个数据库文件并准备更新： RandomAccessFile myRAFile; myRAFile = new RandomAccessFile( "db/stock.dbf","rw"); 存取信息 RandomAccessFile对象按照与数据输入输 出对象相同的方式来读写信息。你可以访 问在DataInputStrem和DataOutputStream 中所有的read()和write()操作。
BufferedReader和BufferedWriter 因为在各种格式之间进行转换和其它I/O操作很类 似，所以在处理大块数据时效率最高。在 InputStreamReader和OutputStreamWriter的结尾 链接一个BufferedReader和BufferedWriter是一个 好主意。记住对BufferedWriter使用flush()方法。 FileReader和FileWriter 以字符的方式操作文件的类，主要用于操作文本 文件。 PrintWriter 与PrintStream相类似，使用println()输出内容。
基本字符流类(输入流)
基本字符流类(输出流)
InputStreamReader 和 OutputStreamWriter 用于字节流与字符流之间的转换接口。 当你构造一个InputStreamReader或 OutputStreamWriter时，转换规则定义了16位 Unicode和其它平台的特定表示之间的转换。 InputStreamReader从一个数据源读取字节，并 自动将其转换成Unicode字符。如果你特别声明， InputStreamReade会将字节流转换成其它种类的 字符流。 OutputStreamWriter将字符的Unicode编码写到输 出流，如果你的使用的不是Unicode字符， OutputStreamWriter会将你的字符编码转换成 Unicode编码。
1 I/O基础知识 基础知识
Java语言中数据流是发送或接收数据的管 道。通常，你的程序是流的一个端点，其 它程序或文件是流的另一个端点。 流的单向性：源端点和目的端点分别叫做 input stream（输入流）和output stream （输出流）。你可以从输入流读,但你不能 对它写；同样，你可以向输出流写，但不 能从输出流读。
int read() int read(char[] cbuffer) int read(char[] cbuffer, int offset ,int length )
其他方法
void close() int available() skip(long n) boolean markSupported() void mark(int readlimit) void reset()
InputStream其他方法:
void close() int available() skip(long n) boolean markSupported() void mark(int readlimit) void reset()