高级英语 张汉熙 上册第十一课
自考高级英语上册 lesson 11课后答案
On Getting Off to Sleepby J.B. Priestley课后练习(Exercises on the text)A.1. The author thinks that humor: can save grace of us andweshould die of vexation without it.2.Yea.3.No. .4. No.5. No.6. The author thinks that the matter of sleep can bestillustrate the contrariness of things.7. He can do anything but sleep when he lies between thesheets at a late hour.8. The author thinks that the best way of inducing sleep isto imagine a dialogue with a friend, whose task ,withoutanything like fancy and wit, is boring.B.1．人是一个矛盾的集合体！2．我们的思想和头脑中的意象是完全有形的东西。
3．我过去常常怀着惊奇的心情去读那些吹捧好战的超人的故事……4．人为的催眠法有很多，但都不灵。
5．当她的大脑对这种单调的生活感到厌倦时，睡眠自然就会来。
6．她最喜欢的方法就是想象一幅画在墙上没挂正，她去把它弄正。
7．但是我还没有放弃寻找加快睡眠的方法。
8. 今天晚上，我就要抛弃诸如数跳羊和扶歪画之类的想象。
C.1. clenched2. refreshed3. straighten4. remonstrated5. of no avail6. eventual7. meditated8. inhumanD.1. contradiction2. dim3. tormented4. induces5. meditated6. literal7. imaginary8. crookedE.1. the opposites in a contradiction2. go on shilly-shally3 .inconsistent provocation4. come in continuous crowds5. coming out6. considering these words to be true, I would do accordingto the fables.7. protest8.lullingF.Someone will sleep as soon as his head touches the pillow. Someone will pass hours in sleeplessness in bed. The very actof concentration makes him more wakeful than ever. 1 belongto the latter. I die of sleepiness when I write. But when I getinto bed, 1 can do anything but sleep. I can compose grand symphonies, paint magnificent pictures and write wonderful articles. The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legionbut are only alike in their ineffectuality. When 1 can't sleepat night, I imagine a dialogue with an imaginary friend till 1 either laugh or fall asleep. I find that it answers to induce sleep.G.In this essay, sleeplessness is talked about ironically. Therefore, touches of humour and exaggerations can be seen here and there. For instance, "… stare at the reproachfully blank paper…", "sleep is a coy mistress, much given to a teasing inconsistency …" Reading these, the audienc e can' t help laughing. In the mean time, the author's meaning is forcefully conveyed. One example will suffice to show that the author isa master of exaggeration. In the essay, he said, "When I am in the humour, I can compose grand sy mphonies …" In this way, the author's ideas are vividly presented. According to the author, insomnia is an agony. But it is praiseworthy. It shows the man lacks no sympathy or depth if he suffers from sleeplessness. On the other hand, those who find no difficulty in falling asleepare inhuman and are lacking in depth.。
《高级英语》第一册课文7-15翻译、词汇_张汉熙
Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse all people not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization《高级英语》第一册课文翻译及词汇章美芳第七课神奇的集成电路片时代 (1)第八课互相作用的生活 (1)第九课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子 (6)第十课震撼世界的审判 (13)第十一课词典的用途究竟何在? (21)第十二课潜水鸟 (29)第十三课大不列颠望洋兴叹 (40)第十四课阿真舍湾 (46)第十五课海上无路标 (62)learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. "Learning" and "do" what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. "Learning" is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; " "Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. "Two" education, "" lay the basis, going to "do" the key grip, so that the "learning" and "doing" back to standard, so that the majority of party members "learn" learning theory of nutrients, in the "doing" practice party's purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. "Learning" and "do" not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole. "Two" learning education, we need to explore integrating "learning" in "do", exhibit "do" in "Science". To avoid the "learning" into simple room instruction, "do" into a monotone for doing. Should exploration "learn" in the has "do", "do" in the has "learn" of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in "learn" in the has "do" of achievements sense, in "do" in the has "learn" of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, "two" had to catch the long-term. "Two" study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the party's mass line education practice and "three-three" special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. "Two" greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of party members to maintain their vanguard Color, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. Awareness-raising, antennas and atmosphere – a discussion on how leading cadres of party members "two" current, "two" activity is in full swing up and down the country, party cadres as a "key minority" is both a barometer and impetus. The "two" meaning enough deep, is to determine the party cadres can resolve to study hard first. In the "two" in the process, some cadres of himself, standing long, high awareness, that Constitution Party rules is simple, its not worth bothering some party cadres think speak series has nothing to do with the grass-roots work, water business learning series of speeches seen as window dressing. These "lazy, casual, and decadent" ideas learning lacks motivation, a serious impediment to "two" effect. John Stuart Mill once said, only a basic element of human thought patterns change dramatically, human destiny can make great improvement. The same, only party members and第七课神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变1这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。
高级英语第二册(张汉熙)课文翻译
高级英语第二册课文翻译第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风第二课马拉喀什见闻第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语第四课就职演说（1961年1月20日)第五课爱情就是谬误第六课从天窗中消失第七课爱丑之欲第八课工人是创造者还是机器第九课从奥米勒斯城出走的人第十课悲哀的青年一代第十一课英国人的未来第十二课一个发现:做一个美国人意味着什么第十三课为死刑辩护第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时,收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击.路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样,不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃,除非等到他的一家人一-妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策,他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来,住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里.他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理？希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里（他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的.四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低,高出海平面仅几英尺。
“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺,，’他对父亲说,“而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
"老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
张汉熙《高级英语(1)》(第3版重排版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(11-1
Lesson11The Way to Rainy Mountain一、词汇短语1.blizzard[]n.a severe snowstorm characterized by coldtemperatures and heavy drifting of snow大风雪2.anvil[]n.an iron block on which a blacksmith puts hot pieces ofmetal before shaping them with a hammer铁砧，[解]砧骨3.brittle[]adj.hard but easily broken易碎的，脆弱的4.hickory[]n.the hard wood of the N American hickory tree山核桃属植物5.pecan[]n.the nut of the American pecan tree with a smoothpinkish-brown shell美洲山核桃树6.witch hazel[]n.any of several shrubs or trees of thegenus Hamamelis;bark yields an astringent lotion金缕梅7.foliage[]n.the leaves of a tree or plant;leaves and branches together树叶，植物8.writhe[]v.to twist or move your body without stopping,often becauseyou are in great pain翻腾9.grasshopper[]n.an insect with long back legs,that can jump very high and that makesa sound with its legs蚱蜢，蝗虫10.preeminently[]adv.to a very great degree; especially卓越地；杰出地11.disposition[]n.the natural qualities of a person’s character性情，性格12.grim[]adj.looking or sounding very serious,unpleasant and depressing严酷的，冷酷的13.unrelenting[]adj.1)not stopping or becoming lesssevere;2)if a person is unrelenting,they continue with somethingwithout considering the feelings of other people不宽恕的，不屈不挠的；无情的，冷酷的14.canyon[]n.a long,narrow valley between high cliffs,often with astream flowing through it(美)峡谷，溪谷15.pillage[]n.the act of stealing things from a place or region,especially in a war,using violence掠夺16.corral[]n.an closure for holding or capturing horses,cattle or other animals畜栏17.affliction[]n.pain and suffering or something that causes it 痛苦，苦恼18.brooding[]adj.sad and mysterious or threatening沉思的，徘徊不去的19.divinity[]n.the quality of being a god or like God神，神学，神性，上帝20.cleavage[]n.a division or split between people or groups劈开，分裂21.elk[]n.a large deer that lives in the north of Europe,Asia and NorthAmerica.In North America it is called a moose.美洲赤鹿22.badger[]n.an animal with grey fur and wide black and white lineson its head.Badgers are nocturnal(=active mostly at night)and live inholes in the ground.獾23.flax[]n.a plant with blue flowers,grown for its stem that is used tomake thread and its seeds that are used to make linseed oil亚麻24.buckwheat[]n.small darkseed that is grown as food for animals and for making flour荞麦25.stonecrop[]n.(植物)景天rkspur[]n.a tall garden plant with blue,pink or whiteflowers growing up its stem翠雀属植物27.billow[]v.1)to fill with air and swell out;2)to fill with air and swell out翻腾28.sweet clover[]n.草木樨植物29.lee[]n.a sheltered place,especially one on that side of anything awayfrom the wind背风处，庇护所30.profusion[]n.a very large quantity of something丰富，充沛，慷慨31.deity[]n.the state of being a god;divine nature;a god orgoddess神，神性32.solstice[]n.either of the two times of the year at which the sunreaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at midday,marked by thelongest and shortest days至日；冬至或夏至33.caldron[]n.a large kettle or boiler大锅(炉)，大汽锅34.wean[]v.to cause(oneself or someone else)to give up a former habit;to withdraw(a person)by degrees(from a habit,object of affection,etc.)asby substituting some other interest使断奶，使放弃，使断念35.ridge[]n.a narrow area of high land along the top of a line of hills;ahigh pointed area near the top of a mountain山脊，屋脊36.upthrust[]n.the force with which a liquid or gas pushes upagainst an object that is floating in it向上推，浮力；(地质)地壳隆起37.engender[]v.to make a feeling or situation exist造成38.score[]v.to make cuts or lines in or on something把……记下；划线，刻划；获得；评价39.kinsmen[]v.a male relative男性亲属40.tenuous[]adj.1)so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists;2)extremely thin and easily broken纤细的，脆弱的；稀薄的；贫乏的41.reverence[]n.a feeling of great respect or admiration forsomebody/something尊敬，敬畏42.consummate[]adj.extremely skilled;perfect完美的，圆满的43.impale[]v.to pierce through or fix with a sharp object刺穿，(作为刑罚)把……钉在尖桩上；使绝望44.barter[]n.the system of exchanging goods,property,services,etc.for other goods,etc.without using money物品交换，实物交易45.deicide[]n.the killing of a god杀神，杀神者，害死耶稣的人46.skillet[]n.a small frying pan煮锅，长柄浅锅47.rambling[]adj.spreading in various directions with noparticular pattern漫步的，散漫的，流浪性的48.shawl[]n.a large piece of cloth worn by a woman around the shouldersor head,or wrapped around a baby披肩，围巾49.sentinel[]n.a soldier whose job is to guard something哨兵50.opaque[]adj.not able to be seen through;not transparent ortranslucent不透明的，不传热的，迟钝的51.abide[]v.to dislike somebody/something so much that you hatehaving to be with or deal with them忍受，容忍；持续，遵守52.ample[]rge,often in an attractive way充足的，丰富的，宽敞的53.council[]n.a group of people who are elected to govern anarea such as a city or county政务会，理事会，委员会54.servitude[]n.the condition of being a slave or beingforced to obey another person劳役，奴役；奴隶状态；地役权55.fright[]n.a feeling of fear惊骇，惊吓，害怕56.nocturnal[]adj.of the night夜的，夜曲的，夜间发生的57.wake[]n.a watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person duringthe night before burial(葬礼前)守夜，看护58.perch[]v.to alight or rest on栖息，位于，使坐落于59.handrail[]n.a long,narrow bar that you can hold onto forsupport,for example when you are going up or down stairs栏杆，扶手60.purl[]v.to flow with a gentle movement and a murmuring sound潺潺流水61.scissortail[]n.(美洲)叉尾霸鹟62.hie[]v.to go quickly催促，赶快二、课文精解1.The Way to Rainy Mountain：《雨山之路》（1969年）是由普利策奖获得者斯科特写的一篇散文。
高级英语-1-unit 1-14答案-(外研社;第三版;张汉熙主编).
第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。
3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。
4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。
5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。
6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。
7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。
高级英语第一册课后练习答案_张汉熙版
Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story ofSnow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案1）谐趣园是仿照无锡的一座花园建造的。
The Garden of Harmonious Interest was modeled on a garden in Wuxi.2）他号召孩子们以 ___英雄为榜样。
He called on the children to model themselves on the PLA heroes.3）这本书应归入哲学类。
This work may be related to philosophy.4）本杰明·富兰克林不仅是政治家，而且还是科学家、发明家。
Benjamin Franklin was as much a scientist and an inventor as a statesman.5）他把每次试验的结果都记在本子上。
He set down all the findings of every experiment in his notebook.6）你能用简明的语言概括这首古诗的中心思想吗？Can you sum up the central idea of this ancient poem in plain terms?7）我们应不断地使自己的思想适应变化的情况。
We should constantly adapt our thinking to the changing conditions.8）年轻的士兵冻死在雪地里，手里还紧握着枪。
The young soldier was frozen to death in the snow, his hands still hanging on to a gun.9）该公司将为他们提供住宿和交通工具。
The said pany will furnishthem with lodging and transportation.10）车速限制在每小时55公里之内。
高即英语1(第三版重排版)(张汉熙)-L11-The Way To Rainy Mountain-Para11翻译
Lesson 11 --课文P11 英译汉Now that I can have her only in memory, I see my grandmother in the several postures that were peculiar to her: standing at the wood stove on a winter morning and turning meat in a great iron skillet; sitting at the south window, bent above her beadwork, and afterwards, when her vision failed, looking down for a long time into the fold of her hands; going out upon a cane, very slowly as she did when the weight of age came upon her; praying. I remember her most often at prayer. She made long, rambling prayers out of suffering and hope, having seen many things. I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all mere custom and company. The last time I saw her she prayed standing by the side of her bed at night, naked to the waist, the light of a kerosene lamp moving upon her dark skin. Her long, black hair, always drawn and braided in the day, lay upon her shoulders and against her breasts like a shawl. I do not speak Kiowa, and I never understood her prayers, but there was something inherently sad in the sound, some merest hesitation upon the syllables of sorrow. She began in a high and descending pitch, exhausting her breath to silence; then again and again--and always the same intensity of effort, of something that is, and is not, like urgency in the human voice. Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, she seemed beyond the reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.现在她只存在于我的记忆里了。
高级英语第一册课文翻译_张汉熙版
高级英语第一册课文翻译第十一课词典的用途究竟何在?(节选)伯根?伊凡斯《韦氏新国际英语词典》(第三版)刚一问世，便遭到许多有名的报刊连篇累牍的攻击，这真是一个奇怪的现象。
以前还从来没有哪一部像这样有学术价值的鸿篇巨著遭到过如此肆无忌惮的攻击和侮蔑。
《大西洋》杂志上刊载的一篇文章评价这部词典“令人失望”，“令人震惊”，是“一大不幸”，“耻辱和灾难”。
《纽约时报》则发表一篇专论，称这部词典将“加速英语的退化进程”，并严厉指责词典编者们有负众望。
《美国律师学会学刊》认为该词典的出版是“令人遗憾的事件”、“词典编者不负责任的杰出典范”、“对英语规范化事业的一记沉重打击。
”《生活》杂志上的文章则称这部词典为“无用的词海”，说它“荒谬可笑”、“糟糕透顶”、“让人痛心”。
文章作者们还说他们怀疑“林肯在写葛底斯堡演说时是否会参考这部词典。
这种观点并没有很清楚地说明林肯的写作方式，却很能说明《生活》杂志上的那些文章是怎样写出来的。
究竟是什么导致了这场喧嚣与愤怒呢?出版这部词典的麦里姆出版公司也许称得上是全球最大的词典出版商，该公司声称他们为筹划这部词典的出版工作耗资三百五十万美元，动员了三百名专家学者花费二十七年的心血才完成了世界上任何语言中词汇量最大的词库。
难道这一切都是骗人的把戏吗?既然毁誉之间的差别是如此之大，我们就有必要首先探讨一下词典编纂工作的基本原则。
词典的意义究竟何在?词典的任务是什么?一般读者查词典的目的是什么?人们花钱买词典后有权期望从词典中得到些什么?在探究词典编纂的基本原则之前，我们有必要先作两点说明。
需要说明的第一点是，词典所涉及的是词。
有些词典除收词之外还提供多种多样其他方面的有用资料：有的在衬页上附有度量衡换算表，有的列出主要历史事件年表，还有的词典附有一些家用医方。
这种作法当然也无可厚非。
但是，最近三十年来英语词汇量的猛增迫使所有的词典都必须尽量提高篇幅利用率。
假如要从词典中删去什么内容的话，合理的做法是首先删去这些附加的内容，而以收词为主。
张汉熙《高级英语》第一册课后答案2
张汉熙《高级英语》第一册课后答案2Lesson10 The Trial That Rocked the WorldI．1)In the 1920s，when he was a teacher at a secondary school in Dayton，a little town in the mountains of Tenessee，he was charged with teaching evolution and had to be present in the court．The trial。
however，rocked the world．After the trial，he studied at the University of Chicago and became a geologist for an oil company later．2)The struggles were in fact struggles between ignorance and wisdom．religion and science．That showed the spread of science and truth was no easy task．3)Because the result would effect the whole country，even the world．4)Darrow and Malone thought that the Bible could co—exist with the Evolution Theory and it was acceptable for a Christion to be an evolutionist．Besides，the Bible should not be interpreted and accepted literally．Bryan just thought the opposite way.5) The trial began with prayer by a local minister. This showed the connection of the religion (Christianity) with the law. Among 12 jurors three had never read any book except the Bible. One couldn't read. That showed that the religion and ignorance play an important role in the law. Judging by the fact above, the law and legal proce- dures in the U. S. at that time were not sensible.6)John Scopes lost the case in the court, but he won in a real sense.7)We cannot take the Bible literally. Actually there is something inconsistent in it. It can be accepted as a religious book whose interpretation should not be defined by somepeople only.8)This article is intended to draw the world's attention to the Evolution Theory and persuade people not to be stubbornly hostile to science.II.1)We have some clever and unexpected tactics and we will surprise them in the trial.2)The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.3)The fundamentalists believe in a word-for-word acceptance of what is said in the Bible.4)that all life had developed gradually from a common original organism5)Let's accuse Scopes of teaching evolution and let the court decide whether he is breaking the law or not.6) People from the nearby mountains, mostly fundamentalists, came to support Bryan against those professors, scientists, and lawyers who came from the northern big cities and were not fundamentalists.7)As my father complained angrily, "That' s no jury at all. "8)He is here because unenlightenment and prejudice are widespread and unchecked.9)People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and humans could have a common ancestry.10)and the crowd, who were mainly fundamentalists, took his words showing no fear as if they were prayers, interrupting frequently with "Amen"Ⅲ. See the translation of the text.Ⅳ.1)legal terms: court, defence, criminal lawyer, leading councel for the prosecution, state legislature, trial, testify, a jury trial, case, indict, the U. S. Supreme Court, defend, presiding judge,attorney-general, open the session, juror, legality, witness, evidence, accuse, adjourn, verdict, jurymen, guilty, conviction2)religious terms: fundamentalists , modernists, the Old Testament, fundamentalism, the Bible, agnostic, Catholic, Jew, infidel, God, Amen, Genesis"Ⅴ.1)Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach science, soon the magazines, books and newspapers will not be allowed to express new ideas.2)"It is doubtful whether man (rather the fundamentalist) has reasoning power," Darrow said ina contemptuous way.3)The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being but the evolutionist thinks human beings come from lowly animals. The implication is there is nothing lofty, noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.4)This is a pun, i. e. playing on words. This sentence may have two different interpretations, depending on how you read it. If you pause before the dash, it means Darwin, the naturalist is correct. If you read out the whole sentence, it means Darwin the shop owner is directly inside.5)Even the ape shuddered when it realized that it might share the same ancestry with human beings (especially the fundamentalists).6) Malone considered the defeat a blessing in disguise, although Scopes was found guilty, they had succeeded indrawing the attention of the people all over the United States to this issue.7)The statement conveys false modesty about being with the people and indicates regional narrow-mindedness and bigotry.8)This shows that the jurors were ignorant, prejudiced and narrow minded. There couldn't be a fair and impartial trial.9)Bryan's role is self-appointed. There is no need for Bryan to act as the spokesman. If a thing is true it does not need anyone, least of all Bryan, to defend it.10) Bryan was dead against knowledge, Science and new ideas, so it was ironical to name a university after him because the function of a university was to spread knowl-edge, science and new ideas.Ⅵ.1)snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly2)circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit3)sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly4)spar: metaphor; fight with words, engage in argument5)thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily6)like a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles7)scorch : metaphor wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory: metaphor; the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation8)a duel: metaphor; a life and death struggle9)a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause by many people10)the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest11)spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail12)oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes．The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United StatesⅦ．1)hyperbole 2)transferred epithet 3)synecdoche 4) ridicule 5)sarcasm 6)irony 7)sarcasm 8)antithesis 9)hyperbole 10)ridicule，simile 11)ridicule 12)oxy-moranⅧ．1)初级法院的裁决有利于父母，后来又作了相反的裁决。
《高级英语》课文逐句翻译(11)
《高级英语》课文逐句翻译（11）lesson11谈睡眠Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep人真是充满矛盾啊！毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。
What a bundle of contradictions is a man！Surety，humour is the saving grace of us，for without it we should die of vexation.在我看来，没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。
With me，nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep.比如，我打算写一篇文章，面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸，准保没写几个字我就会困得要命，无论当时是几点都会那样。
If，for example，my intention is to write an essay，and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper，you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep，no matter what time of the day it is.我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。
I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused，and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all.即使这时，我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案
大学高级英语第一册第11课译文及课后答案篇一：张汉熙高级英语第一册课后翻译11-161）谐趣园是仿照无锡的一座花园建造的。
The Garden of Harmonious Interest iddle Eastern countries. 2）第三世界国家决心独立地发展自己的工业。
The Third e aterials. 10）美国国会批准了这项条约，使它立即生效。
The U.S. Congress ratified the treaty, thus bringing it into force at once. 11）一座新的电报大楼即将完工并交付使用。
A neoslem 16)fulfillV .1)shame, disgrace 2)speed up the loodern linguistics take Leonard Bloomfield's Language (1933)as its authority.4)But if so, he has made unconsciously one of the biggest mistakes one is liable to make in dictionary making.5)Anyone aggie.Soon he knoaggie, so he stops trying to shake hands aggie.11)Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil ent. 1)一场大火把贫民区三百多座房子夷为平地。
A big fire burned to the ground more than 300 homes in the slum neighborhood.2)只要你为人正直，不怕失去什么，那你对任何人都不会畏惧。
张汉熙《高级英语》第1册课后答案word资料61页
Lesson 1The Middle Eastern BazaarI．1)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgetable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear.Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of Good Hope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it．(adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doinga little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。
高级英语张汉熙第一册1到10课
高级英语第二册(张汉熙)课文翻译汇总
高级英语第二册课文翻译第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风第二课马拉喀什见闻第三课酒肆闲聊与标准英语第四课就职演说(1961年1月20日)第五课爱情就是谬误第六课从天窗中消失第七课爱丑之欲第八课工人是创造者还是机器第九课从奥米勒斯城出走的人第十课悲哀的青年一代第十一课英国人的未来第十二课一个发现：做一个美国人意味着什么第十三课为死刑辩护第十四课亦爱亦恨话纽约第一课迎战卡米尔号飓风小约翰。
柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。
就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。
柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。
路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。
但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。
为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。
两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。
他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理?希尔的意见。
约翰的全部产业就在自己家里(他开办的玛格纳制造公司是设计、研制各种教育玩具和教育用品的。
公司的一切往来函件、设计图纸和工艺模具全都放在一楼)。
37岁的他对飓风的威力是深有体会的。
四年前，他原先拥有的位于高尔夫港以西几英里外的那个家就曾毁于贝翠号飓风(那场风灾前夕柯夏克已将全家搬到一家汽车旅馆过夜)。
不过，当时那幢房子所处的地势偏低，高出海平面仅几英尺。
“我们现在住的这幢房子高了23英尺，，’他对父亲说，“而且距离海边足有250码远。
这幢房子是1915年建造的。
至今还从未受到过飓风的袭击。
我们呆在这儿恐怕是再安全不过了。
”老柯夏克67岁．是个语粗心慈的熟练机械师。
高级英语第一册参考答案(张汉熙版)
高级英语期末复习资料Lesson 1Paraphrase1.We are elevated 23 feet.(Para.3)2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.(Para.3)3.We can batten down and ride it out.(Para.4)4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.(Para4)5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!(Para.11)6.The electrical systems had been killed by waters.(Para.11)7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.(Para.17)8.Get us through this mess, will You?(Para.17)9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.(Para.21)10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.(Para.34)参考答案11.We’re 23 feet above sea level.12.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.13.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.14.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights alsowent out.15.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.16.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.17.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilty becausehe blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.18.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.19.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer andstopped.20.Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings causedby the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.Translation( E→C)1.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人－妻子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁－明显处于危险之中。
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（Lesson
张汉熙《高级英语（1）》（第3版）学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】（LessonLesson 11 The Way to Rainy Mountain一、词汇短语1. blizzard n. a severe snowstorm characterized by coldtemperatures and heavy drifting of snow大风雪2. anvil n. an iron block on which a blacksmith puts hot pieces ofmetal before shaping them with a hammer铁砧，[解]砧骨3. brittle adj. hard but easily broken易碎的，脆弱的4. hickory n. the hard wood of the N American hickory tree 山核桃属植物5. pecan n. the nut of the American pecan tree with a smoothpinkish-brown shell美洲山核桃树6. witch hazel n. any of several shrubs or trees of thegenus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion金缕梅7. foliage n. the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together树叶，植物8. writhe v. to twist or move your body without stopping, often becauseyou are in great pain翻腾9. grasshopper n.an insect with long back legs, that can jump very high and that makesa sound with its legs蚱蜢，蝗虫10. preeminently adv. to a very great degree; especially卓越地；杰出地11. disposition n. the natural qualities of a person’s character性情，性格12. grim adj. looking or sounding very serious, unpleasant and depressing严酷的，冷酷的13. unrelenting adj. 1) not stopping or becoming lesssevere; 2) if a person is unrelenting, they continue with somethingwithout considering the feelings of other people不宽恕的，不屈不挠的；无情的，冷酷的14. canyon n. a long, narrow valley between high cliffs, often with astream flowing through it (美)峡谷，溪谷15. pillage n. the act of stealing things from a place or region,especially in a war, using violence掠夺16. corral n. an closure for holding or capturing horses, cattle or other animals畜栏17. affliction n. pain and suffering or something that causes it 痛苦，苦恼18. brooding adj. sad and mysterious or threatening沉思的，徘徊不去的19. divinity n. the quality of being a god or like God神，神学，神性，上帝20. cleavage n. a division or split between people or groups 劈开，分裂21. elk n. a large deer that lives in the north of Europe, Asia and NorthAmerica. In North America it is called a moose.美洲赤鹿22. badger n. an animal with grey fur and wide black and white lineson its head. Badgers are nocturnal (= active mostly at night) and live inholes in the ground.獾23. flax n. a plant with blue flowers, grown for its stem that is used tomake thread and its seeds that are used to make linseed oil 亚麻24. buckwheat n. small darkseed that is grown as food for animals and for making flour 荞麦25. stonecrop n. (植物)景天26. larkspur n. a tall garden plant with blue, pink or whiteflowers growing up its stem翠雀属植物27. billow v. 1) to fill with air and swell out; 2) to fill with air and swell out翻腾28. sweet clover n. 草木樨植物29. lee n. a sheltered place, especially one on that side of anything awayfrom the wind背风处，庇护所30. profusion n. a very large quantity of something丰富，充沛，慷慨31. deity n. the state of being a god; divine nature; a god orgoddess神，神性32. solstice n. either of the two times of the year at which the sunreaches its highest or lowest point in the sky at midday, marked by thelongest and shortest days至日；冬至或夏至33.caldron n. a large kettle or boiler大锅(炉)，大汽锅34.wean v. to cause (oneself or someone else) to give up aformer habit;to withdraw (a person) by degrees (from a habit, object of affection, etc.) asby substituting some other interest使断奶，使放弃，使断念35. ridge n. a narrow area of high land along the top of a line of hills; ahigh pointed area near the top of a mountain山脊，屋脊36. upthrust n. the force with which a liquid or gas pushes upagainst an object that is floating in it向上推，浮力；(地质) 地壳隆起37. engender v. to make a feeling or situation exist造成38. score v. to make cuts or lines in or on something把……记下；划线，刻划；获得；评价39. kinsmen v. a male relative男性亲属40. tenuous adj. 1) so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists;2)extremely thin and easily broken纤细的，脆弱的；稀薄的；贫乏的41. reverence n. a feeling of great respect or admiration forsomebody/something尊敬，敬畏42. consummate adj. extremely skilled; perfect完美的，圆满的43. impale v. to pierce through or fix with a sharp object刺穿，(作为刑罚) 把……钉在尖桩上；使绝望44. barter n. the system of exchanging goods, property, services, etc.for other goods, etc. without using money物品交换，实物交易45. deicide n. the killing of a god杀神，杀神者，害死耶稣的人46. skillet n. a small frying pan煮锅，长柄浅锅47. rambling adj. spreading in various directions with noparticular pattern漫步的，散漫的，流浪性的48. shawl n. a large piece of cloth worn by a woman around the shouldersor head, or wrapped around a baby披肩，围巾49. sentinel n. a soldier whose job is to guard something哨兵50. opaque adj. not able to be seen through; not transparent ortranslucent不透明的，不传热的，迟钝的51. abide v. to dislike somebody/something so much that you hatehaving to be with or deal with them忍受，容忍；持续，遵守52. ample adj. large, often in an attractive way充足的，丰富的，宽敞的53. council n. a group of people who are elected to govern anarea such as a city or county政务会，理事会，委员会54. servitude n. the condition of being a slave or beingforced to obey another person劳役，奴役；奴隶状态；地役权55. fright n. a feeling of fear惊骇，惊吓，害怕56. nocturnal adj. of the night夜的，夜曲的，夜间发生的57. wake n. a watch or vigil held over the body of a dead person duringthe night before burial (葬礼前)守夜，看护58. perch v. to alight or rest on栖息，位于，使坐落于59. handrail n. a long, narrow bar that you can hold onto forsupport, for example when you are going up or down stairs 栏杆，扶手60. purl v. to flow with a gentle movement and amurmuring sound潺潺流水61. scissortail n. (美洲)叉尾霸鹟62. hie v. to go quickly催促，赶快二、课文精解1.The Way to Rainy Mountain：《雨山之路》（1969年）是由普利策奖获得者斯科特写的一篇散文。
高级英语 张汉熙 上册第十一课
Para.1
The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of Webster’s Third International Dictionary is a curious phenomenon. Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt. …Atlantic viewed it as a ―disappointment,‖ a ―shock,‖ a ―calamity,‖ ―a scandal and a disaster. The New York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would ―accelerate the deterioration‖ of the language and sternly accused the editors of betraying a public trust. The Journal…saw the publication as ―deplorable,‖ ―a flagrant example of lexicographic irresponsibility,‖ ― a serious blow to the cause of good English.‖ Life called it ― a non-word deluge,‖ ―monstrous,‖ ―abominable,‖ ―a cause for dismay.‖ They doubted that ― Lincoln could have modeled his Gettysburg Address‖ on it – a concept of how things get written that throws very little light on Lincoln but a great deal on Life.
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Never has a scholarly work of this stature been attacked with such unbridled fury and contempt.
dictionary by the popular press. b) (para 2) states the claim of the dictionary
compilers (using a rhetoric question) c) (para 3) the discrepancy betwee were held for making this new edition: accuracy, clearness, and comprehension. Accuracy always comes first .
II. Detailed study of the text
• Help students to understand the author’s viewpoint and his argument style
Webster’s Third New International
-- published in 1961
Dictionary
-- In content , size, shape, and design, this dictionary of 2,752 pages is the great library of the English language. It has over 460,000 entries, 200,000 usage examples, over 3,ooo pictorial illustrations, and more than 1,000 synonym articles. ( addition of 100,000 new words or new definitions that were not included in the Second International Dictionary)
“accelerate the deterioration” of the language and sternly accused the editors of betraying a public trust.
The Journal…saw the publication as “deplorable,” “a flagrant example of
Textual Structure
Part 1: ( 1-3 ): Opening paragraphs: raising the question
Part 2: ( 4 – 17): Statements before basic principles
Part 3: (18 – 31): Illustrations of good dictionaries
…Atlantic viewed it as a “disappointment,” a “shock,” a “calamity,” “a
scandal and a disaster.
The New York Times, in a special editorial, felt that the work would
Teaching Objectives of Unit 11
• Acquaint students with basic ideas of dictionary making;
• Help students to understand the relation between the science of linguistics with dictionary making;
-- 27 years
-- over $3.5 million were spent on the preparation and making of this dictionary.
-- a total of 10 million citations were collected as background for definition.
-- This unabridged Merriam—Webster involved enormous work and money. over 200 permanent staff of language experts who specialize in dictionary making, together with a hundred special outside consultants.
lexicographic irresponsibility,” “ a serious blow to the cause of good English.”
Part4: (32– 33): Conclusion
Detailed Study of the text
Part 1: ( 1-3 ):
Opening paragraphs: raising the question
How did the writer raise the question? a) (para 1) sums up the worst attacks on the
criticism and the great efforts calls for an examination of dictionary-making principles (using four questions )
Para.1
The storm of abuse in the popular press that greeted the appearance of